Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4463.2022
Nur-Syahirah Mamat, Nurul Aina Adnan, M. F. Zakaria, Surzanne MOHD AGOS, A. Adnan, Dzulhelmi MUHAMMAD NASIR, Lailatul-Nadhirah Asri, Nur-Athirah Abdullah, Maimon Abdullah, Norela Sulaiman, Faszly Rahim, Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad
Sonneratia caseolaris commonly known as mangrove apple or Berembang in the Malay language, is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. Area of S. caseolaris along Selangor River in Kampung Kuantan has become a natural habitat for a variety of arthropods. This study aimed to identify the species variations in arthropod communities at different selected stations along Selangor River at two different sampling times. Present study was conducted for six consecutive months (August 2010 until January 2011) at 19 selected stations along the Selangor River. Sampling was conducted once per day and night. Sweeping method by using sweep nets were used as the arthropod sampling method. Data analysis was done quantitatively to determine the composition of arthropod community. A total of 7,707 individual arthropods collected belonging to 10 different orders consisting of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Mantodea and Araneae. A total of 4,563 arthropod individuals were sampled at night, which was more than the daytime (3,144 individuals), with Station 17 recorded the highest arthropod individual out of the 19 sampling sites. During the night, the firefly, that belongs to the Lampyridae family showed the highest arthropod composition. The presence of arthropod biodiversity along the Selangor River reveals that the S. caseolaris area is important in maintaining a diverse community of fireflies and other arthropods for conservation purposes.
{"title":"Arthropod Communities on Sonneratia caseolaris along Selangor River, Kampung Kuantan, Kuala Selangor, Malaysia","authors":"Nur-Syahirah Mamat, Nurul Aina Adnan, M. F. Zakaria, Surzanne MOHD AGOS, A. Adnan, Dzulhelmi MUHAMMAD NASIR, Lailatul-Nadhirah Asri, Nur-Athirah Abdullah, Maimon Abdullah, Norela Sulaiman, Faszly Rahim, Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4463.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4463.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Sonneratia caseolaris commonly known as mangrove apple or Berembang in the Malay language, is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. Area of S. caseolaris along Selangor River in Kampung Kuantan has become a natural habitat for a variety of arthropods. This study aimed to identify the species variations in arthropod communities at different selected stations along Selangor River at two different sampling times. Present study was conducted for six consecutive months (August 2010 until January 2011) at 19 selected stations along the Selangor River. Sampling was conducted once per day and night. Sweeping method by using sweep nets were used as the arthropod sampling method. Data analysis was done quantitatively to determine the composition of arthropod community. A total of 7,707 individual arthropods collected belonging to 10 different orders consisting of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Mantodea and Araneae. A total of 4,563 arthropod individuals were sampled at night, which was more than the daytime (3,144 individuals), with Station 17 recorded the highest arthropod individual out of the 19 sampling sites. During the night, the firefly, that belongs to the Lampyridae family showed the highest arthropod composition. The presence of arthropod biodiversity along the Selangor River reveals that the S. caseolaris area is important in maintaining a diverse community of fireflies and other arthropods for conservation purposes.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4418.2022
Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi Wan Azman, F. Khan
Habitat quality and abundant of food resources are among the key factors influencing the continued existence of primates in the wild. Although much has been studied on primate habitats and their diets, little is known about the nutritional value of the colobines’ foods. This study aimed to assess the dietary nutrient compositions of two sympatric colobine monkeys, Trachypithecus cristatus and Nasalis larvatus, in Bako National Park using proximate analysis of faecal, leaf and fruit samples of eight dominant tree species in Bako NP. Five nutrient parameters, namely crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, phosphorus, and energy content, were choosen to assess the nutritional demands of the monkeys in the wild. The faecal samples showed significantly higher percentage of crude fibre (27.58%) in N. larvatus compared to T. cristatus. In contrast, crude fat (8.52%), ash content (1.79%) and phosphorus (5.76 mg/g) were found to be significantly higher in the faecal samples of T. cristatus than in N. larvatus. The nutrient composition of leaves samples from the tree species consumed by N. larvatus and T. cristatus showed a significantly higher percentage of crude protein (14.56%) in Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) and higher ash (13.70%) in Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry). Meanwhile, nutrient composition in fruit samples showed highest percentage of crude fibre (32.58%) and crude fat (12.35%) in Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel), whereas higher phosphorus (5.76%) and energy (24.26 KJ) were recorded in Ceriops tagal (Yellow mangrove). The higher crude fiber detected in N. larvatus’ faecal samples compared to T. cristatus may indicates that N. larvatus experiences lower digestibility as they are incapable of completely digesting the tough leaves or fruits. This study provides useful information for the conservation and management of these primate species especially on their dietary requirements in captivity or in a new habitat.
{"title":"Diet Analysis of Sympatric Colobine Monkeys from Bako National Park, Sarawak, Borneo","authors":"Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi Wan Azman, F. Khan","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4418.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4418.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat quality and abundant of food resources are among the key factors influencing the continued existence of primates in the wild. Although much has been studied on primate habitats and their diets, little is known about the nutritional value of the colobines’ foods. This study aimed to assess the dietary nutrient compositions of two sympatric colobine monkeys, Trachypithecus cristatus and Nasalis larvatus, in Bako National Park using proximate analysis of faecal, leaf and fruit samples of eight dominant tree species in Bako NP. Five nutrient parameters, namely crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, phosphorus, and energy content, were choosen to assess the nutritional demands of the monkeys in the wild. The faecal samples showed significantly higher percentage of crude fibre (27.58%) in N. larvatus compared to T. cristatus. In contrast, crude fat (8.52%), ash content (1.79%) and phosphorus (5.76 mg/g) were found to be significantly higher in the faecal samples of T. cristatus than in N. larvatus. The nutrient composition of leaves samples from the tree species consumed by N. larvatus and T. cristatus showed a significantly higher percentage of crude protein (14.56%) in Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) and higher ash (13.70%) in Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry). Meanwhile, nutrient composition in fruit samples showed highest percentage of crude fibre (32.58%) and crude fat (12.35%) in Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel), whereas higher phosphorus (5.76%) and energy (24.26 KJ) were recorded in Ceriops tagal (Yellow mangrove). The higher crude fiber detected in N. larvatus’ faecal samples compared to T. cristatus may indicates that N. larvatus experiences lower digestibility as they are incapable of completely digesting the tough leaves or fruits. This study provides useful information for the conservation and management of these primate species especially on their dietary requirements in captivity or in a new habitat.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4528.2022
S. S. Leong, Erra Fazira ABDUL RAHIM, S. Sarbini, K. Latif, M. Malahubban
Fruit waste is being studied as a non-conventional alternative source of nutritional and mineral content that might be employed as functional food ingredients. This study aims to identify the 1) proximate and mineral composition of banana, orange and watermelon waste powder subjected to different drying methods; 2) prebiotic potential of the fruit waste powder (FWP) in growth enhancement of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The fruit peels were processed by two methods: freeze-dried and oven-dried. All FWP was sterilised and milled into particle size <180μm. The proximate (total ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre), mineral (Ca, Zn, Na, K, Mg, Cu) profiling was analysed in triplicate according to standard. Prebiotic activities of FWP were determined through the growth of L. casei analysed. Significant differences (p<0.05) result was observed between the proximate and mineral parameters in all FWP. Watermelon FWP had the highest moisture, ash, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc content, while banana FWP contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, and magnesium content. Both banana and watermelon FWP were found to exhibit high crude fibre content. The orange WP was reported with the highest carbohydrate, calcium, and copper content. Although significant differences (p<0.05) in composition were noted, the oven and freeze-drying methods employed showed no pronounced effect. Calcium, copper content (all FWP), sodium and phosphorus (watermelon FWP), phosphorus (banana FWP) examined highly exceeded the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) limit. Banana FWP showed the highest L. casei net growth of log10 8.28±0.02– 8.36±0.01 CFU/mL and 91.61–98.66% of survival rate, thus showing its potential as prebiotic agents among other FWP. All types of FWP showed significant difference (p<0.05) in bacterial growth except for oven-dried orange FWP. Overall, the results revealed that all these fruit wastes could be exploited for the nutrient and value-added potential in food formulations due to their inexpensiveness, natural, safe, and environmental friendliness.
{"title":"Banana (Musa acuminata), Orange (Citrus reticulata), and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Peels as Prebiotic","authors":"S. S. Leong, Erra Fazira ABDUL RAHIM, S. Sarbini, K. Latif, M. Malahubban","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4528.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4528.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit waste is being studied as a non-conventional alternative source of nutritional and mineral content that might be employed as functional food ingredients. This study aims to identify the 1) proximate and mineral composition of banana, orange and watermelon waste powder subjected to different drying methods; 2) prebiotic potential of the fruit waste powder (FWP) in growth enhancement of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The fruit peels were processed by two methods: freeze-dried and oven-dried. All FWP was sterilised and milled into particle size <180μm. The proximate (total ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre), mineral (Ca, Zn, Na, K, Mg, Cu) profiling was analysed in triplicate according to standard. Prebiotic activities of FWP were determined through the growth of L. casei analysed. Significant differences (p<0.05) result was observed between the proximate and mineral parameters in all FWP. Watermelon FWP had the highest moisture, ash, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc content, while banana FWP contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, and magnesium content. Both banana and watermelon FWP were found to exhibit high crude fibre content. The orange WP was reported with the highest carbohydrate, calcium, and copper content. Although significant differences (p<0.05) in composition were noted, the oven and freeze-drying methods employed showed no pronounced effect. Calcium, copper content (all FWP), sodium and phosphorus (watermelon FWP), phosphorus (banana FWP) examined highly exceeded the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) limit. Banana FWP showed the highest L. casei net growth of log10 8.28±0.02– 8.36±0.01 CFU/mL and 91.61–98.66% of survival rate, thus showing its potential as prebiotic agents among other FWP. All types of FWP showed significant difference (p<0.05) in bacterial growth except for oven-dried orange FWP. Overall, the results revealed that all these fruit wastes could be exploited for the nutrient and value-added potential in food formulations due to their inexpensiveness, natural, safe, and environmental friendliness.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41886117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4422.2022
Rajeev Joshi
The prime Greater One-horned Rhino’s (Rhinoceros unicornis) habitats include a mosaic of grasses, oxbow lakes, Shorea robusta forests, and alluvial floodplains and the major habitat of this species is riverine grasslands dominated by Imperata cylindrical and riverine forests dominated by Trewia nudiflora. This study was mainly focused on the analysis of habitat suitability of Rhinoceros unicornis in Nawalparasi, Chitwan, and Parsa districts of Nepal. The secondary data such as bioclimatic and topographical variables were collected from relevant sources. Spatial data were processed using various tools of ArcGIS while the presence data were converted using Excel, and analysis was done with Maxent. The results showed that approximately 75.17% (53.32 sq. km) of suitable area is occupied by Chitwan National Park. Similarly, Barandabhar Corridor Forest occupies 7.38% (18.89 sq. km) of the suitable area of the landscape. While, there is no area suitable for Greater One-horned Rhinoceros in Parsa National Park. Among Land Use Land Cover (LULC), the riverbed was found to be the most important variable. Invasion of invasive plants was found to be the most frequent disturbance factor followed by human disturbances and forest fires. Though grassland management is an important part of habitat management, it is highly recommended that the management of waterholes should be done. Protected Area manager should conduct localised habitat suitability assessment once the area is found suitable at the landscape level and further field verification should be done. Invasive plant control measures and alternatives to meet the forest product demand should be promoted.
主要的大独角犀牛(独角犀牛)栖息地包括草地、牛牛湖、Shorea robusta森林和冲积洪泛平原，该物种的主要栖息地是由Imperata圆柱主导的河流草原和由Trewia nudiflora主导的河流森林。本文主要对尼泊尔纳瓦尔帕拉斯、奇旺和帕尔萨地区独角犀牛的生境适宜性进行了分析。次生资料如生物气候变量和地形变量均收集自相关来源。利用ArcGIS的各种工具对空间数据进行处理，利用Excel对现场数据进行转换，并利用Maxent进行分析。结果表明，该地区约有75.17% (53.32 sq.;奇旺国家公园(Chitwan National Park)占据了一平方公里的合适区域。同样，巴兰达哈尔走廊森林占地7.38%(18.89平方公里)。公里)的合适的景观面积。然而，在帕尔萨国家公园没有适合大独角犀牛的地方。在土地利用土地覆盖(LULC)中，河床是最重要的变量。植物入侵是最常见的干扰因素，其次是人为干扰和森林火灾。虽然草原管理是生境管理的重要组成部分，但强烈建议对水坑进行管理。一旦发现该地区在景观层面上适宜，保护区管理者应进行本地生境适宜性评估，并进行进一步的实地核查。应促进入侵植物控制措施和替代措施，以满足林产品的需求。
{"title":"Geospatial Analysis of Habitat Suitability for Greater One-horned Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Central lowlands of Nepal using MaxEnt Model","authors":"Rajeev Joshi","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4422.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4422.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The prime Greater One-horned Rhino’s (Rhinoceros unicornis) habitats include a mosaic of grasses, oxbow lakes, Shorea robusta forests, and alluvial floodplains and the major habitat of this species is riverine grasslands dominated by Imperata cylindrical and riverine forests dominated by Trewia nudiflora. This study was mainly focused on the analysis of habitat suitability of Rhinoceros unicornis in Nawalparasi, Chitwan, and Parsa districts of Nepal. The secondary data such as bioclimatic and topographical variables were collected from relevant sources. Spatial data were processed using various tools of ArcGIS while the presence data were converted using Excel, and analysis was done with Maxent. The results showed that approximately 75.17% (53.32 sq. km) of suitable area is occupied by Chitwan National Park. Similarly, Barandabhar Corridor Forest occupies 7.38% (18.89 sq. km) of the suitable area of the landscape. While, there is no area suitable for Greater One-horned Rhinoceros in Parsa National Park. Among Land Use Land Cover (LULC), the riverbed was found to be the most important variable. Invasion of invasive plants was found to be the most frequent disturbance factor followed by human disturbances and forest fires. Though grassland management is an important part of habitat management, it is highly recommended that the management of waterholes should be done. Protected Area manager should conduct localised habitat suitability assessment once the area is found suitable at the landscape level and further field verification should be done. Invasive plant control measures and alternatives to meet the forest product demand should be promoted.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4651.2022
Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, A. Sinden, M. Idris, Abdulla- Al-Asif, H. Hamli, N. Musa, R. M. Piah, M. Wahid, Roslizawati Ab Lah, N. W. Rasdi, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Md. Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan, A. Shahabuddin
Information on fisheries resources in East Malaysia is scarce and poorly known. The current review aims to compile a checklist of fisheries resources in the Northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) from available published literature, address the resources' present status, and suggest future monitoring needs for selected critical species. The study also aims to determine several Sarawak land-use issues that are in flux and responsible for habitat degradation. Five hundred sixty-four species belonging to 123 families and 32 orders were recorded from Sarawak waters. Freshwater fish species comprised 48.0% of the total, followed by a marine (36.6%), marine-euryhaline (12.9%), and brackish water (2.5%) species. Of this, Cyprinidae was the most dominant group accounting for the greatest number of species (82 species), followed by Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (21 species) and Penaeidae (21 species). Therefore, available fisheries resources should be managed carefully as 48 species (9.0%) are currently vulnerable to extinction. Furthermore, the presence of 20 alien species in Sarawak water bodies also requires attention from the authorities due to the potential disruption of aquatic ecological balance. Changing land use issues in Sarawak such as forest degradation, agricultural expansion, peatland deforestation and conversion, logging, destruction of mangrove forests, and construction of hydroelectric power dams and flood mitigation channels pose significant challenges to fishery management in Sarawak. Our study documents the priority of fishery monitoring and conservation in Sarawak water bodies to ensure sustainable management of fisheries resources.
{"title":"Diversity of Fisheries in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo: Present Status and Conservation Issues","authors":"Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, A. Sinden, M. Idris, Abdulla- Al-Asif, H. Hamli, N. Musa, R. M. Piah, M. Wahid, Roslizawati Ab Lah, N. W. Rasdi, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Md. Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan, A. Shahabuddin","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4651.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4651.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Information on fisheries resources in East Malaysia is scarce and poorly known. The current review aims to compile a checklist of fisheries resources in the Northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) from available published literature, address the resources' present status, and suggest future monitoring needs for selected critical species. The study also aims to determine several Sarawak land-use issues that are in flux and responsible for habitat degradation. Five hundred sixty-four species belonging to 123 families and 32 orders were recorded from Sarawak waters. Freshwater fish species comprised 48.0% of the total, followed by a marine (36.6%), marine-euryhaline (12.9%), and brackish water (2.5%) species. Of this, Cyprinidae was the most dominant group accounting for the greatest number of species (82 species), followed by Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (21 species) and Penaeidae (21 species). Therefore, available fisheries resources should be managed carefully as 48 species (9.0%) are currently vulnerable to extinction. Furthermore, the presence of 20 alien species in Sarawak water bodies also requires attention from the authorities due to the potential disruption of aquatic ecological balance. Changing land use issues in Sarawak such as forest degradation, agricultural expansion, peatland deforestation and conversion, logging, destruction of mangrove forests, and construction of hydroelectric power dams and flood mitigation channels pose significant challenges to fishery management in Sarawak. Our study documents the priority of fishery monitoring and conservation in Sarawak water bodies to ensure sustainable management of fisheries resources.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4076.2021
K. Adha, M. D. Chong, Ahmad Syafiq Ahmad Nasir, F. Mohamad, F. A. Idrus, Mogd Azlan Jayasilan Abdul Gulam Azad, Awangku Shahrir Naqiuddin Awang Suhaili
The study was conducted in the river system located at Wilmar oil palm plantation in Miri, Sarawak. The objective of the study is to determine the fish species diversity and composition in the streams and rivers in the oil palm plantations. Fish were sampled using a variety of fishing methods, including, scoop nets, cast net, and gill nets of different mesh sizes (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.75 and 4.0 cm) from 2 to 7 of February 2014. A total of 326 individual fish including 32 species of native fishes and one species of non-native fish from 19 genera, seven families and five orders were collected from seven locations. The cyprinid fish represented 62.20% of the total fish caught and was found in all the rivers surveyed. About six endemic species in Borneo such as Barbonymus collingwoodii, Barbodes banksi, Barbodes sealei, Hampala bimaculata Nematabramis borneensis and Nematabramis everetti were identified. However, only one species from families Bagridae, Balitoridae, Clariidae, and Hemiramphidae was sampled from the study sites. The higher fish species composition found in streams and rivers of the oil palm plantation landscapes could be attributed to the conservation of some areas of the plantation as high conservation value forest (HCVF) status, which have provided suitable habitat for fish species within the plantation aquatic environments.
{"title":"Diversity of Freshwater Fish in Fragmented Forest of Wilmar Oil Palm Plantation, Miri, Sarawak","authors":"K. Adha, M. D. Chong, Ahmad Syafiq Ahmad Nasir, F. Mohamad, F. A. Idrus, Mogd Azlan Jayasilan Abdul Gulam Azad, Awangku Shahrir Naqiuddin Awang Suhaili","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4076.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4076.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the river system located at Wilmar oil palm plantation in Miri, Sarawak. The objective of the study is to determine the fish species diversity and composition in the streams and rivers in the oil palm plantations. Fish were sampled using a variety of fishing methods, including, scoop nets, cast net, and gill nets of different mesh sizes (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.75 and 4.0 cm) from 2 to 7 of February 2014. A total of 326 individual fish including 32 species of native fishes and one species of non-native fish from 19 genera, seven families and five orders were collected from seven locations. The cyprinid fish represented 62.20% of the total fish caught and was found in all the rivers surveyed. About six endemic species in Borneo such as Barbonymus collingwoodii, Barbodes banksi, Barbodes sealei, Hampala bimaculata Nematabramis borneensis and Nematabramis everetti were identified. However, only one species from families Bagridae, Balitoridae, Clariidae, and Hemiramphidae was sampled from the study sites. The higher fish species composition found in streams and rivers of the oil palm plantation landscapes could be attributed to the conservation of some areas of the plantation as high conservation value forest (HCVF) status, which have provided suitable habitat for fish species within the plantation aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47409855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.3815.2021
A. Akinbadewa, H. Adewole, Stephen Adeyeni, V. Olaleye
This study used a static bioassay to investigate the histological effects of glyphosate on the gill, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. This was done with a view of further characterising the effect of glyphosate on C. gariepinus fingerlings and other aquatic life forms. Six-week old C. gariepinus fingerlings with an average weight of 10.02 ± 0.2 g were stocked into three exposure sets (control, 2.75 ppm (25% of the 96 h LC50 value) and 5.50 ppm (50% of the 96 h LC50 value)) in triplicate at 30 fish per tank for 70 days. The 96 h LC50 value was 11.00 mg/L. Histological examination of the C. gariepinus exposed to various sublethal concentrations of glyphosate showed that major histological changes in their organs were concentration dependent such as gill arch vacuolation, excessive mucosal secretions, lifting of epithelial, and epithelium thickening, hyperplasia and telangiectasis in the gills, discolouration, change in form and consistent alterations involving hyperplasia, narrowing of the central nerve, necrosis, pkynosis, blood congestion and vacuolation of the liver, mild hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the muscle of the fish. The severity of histological alteration was more pronounced in fish organs exposed to 5.50 ppm of glyphosate concentration. This study concluded that the toxicant (glyphosate) is highly toxic to C. gariepinus particularly at a concentration of 5.50 ppm, therefore its use near farm lands or adjacent water bodies should be discouraged.
本研究采用静态生物测定法研究了草甘膦对非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）鱼种鳃、肝和肌肉的组织学影响。这样做的目的是进一步表征草甘膦对加里皮锥虫鱼种和其他水生生物形式的影响。将平均重量为10.02±0.2 g的6周龄加里埃皮努斯鱼种分为三组暴露组（对照组，2.75 ppm（96小时LC50值的25%）和5.50 ppm（96 h LC50值值的50%）），一式三份，每箱30条鱼，持续70天。96 h LC50值为11.00mg/L。对暴露于各种亚致死浓度草甘膦的加里埃皮努斯的组织学检查显示，其器官的主要组织学变化是浓度依赖性的，如鳃弓空泡化、粘膜分泌物过多、上皮和上皮增厚、鳃增生和毛细血管扩张、变色、，形态的变化和持续的改变，包括鱼类肌肉中的增生、中枢神经狭窄、坏死、pkynosis、血液充血和空泡化、轻度增生和炎症反应。组织学改变的严重程度在暴露于5.50ppm草甘膦浓度的鱼类器官中更为明显。该研究得出的结论是，这种有毒物质（草甘膦）对加里平线虫具有高度毒性，尤其是浓度为5.50ppm的草甘膦，因此应禁止在农田或邻近水体附近使用。
{"title":"Histological Alterations in Some Organs of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]","authors":"A. Akinbadewa, H. Adewole, Stephen Adeyeni, V. Olaleye","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.3815.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.3815.2021","url":null,"abstract":"This study used a static bioassay to investigate the histological effects of glyphosate on the gill, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. This was done with a view of further characterising the effect of glyphosate on C. gariepinus fingerlings and other aquatic life forms. Six-week old C. gariepinus fingerlings with an average weight of 10.02 ± 0.2 g were stocked into three exposure sets (control, 2.75 ppm (25% of the 96 h LC50 value) and 5.50 ppm (50% of the 96 h LC50 value)) in triplicate at 30 fish per tank for 70 days. The 96 h LC50 value was 11.00 mg/L. Histological examination of the C. gariepinus exposed to various sublethal concentrations of glyphosate showed that major histological changes in their organs were concentration dependent such as gill arch vacuolation, excessive mucosal secretions, lifting of epithelial, and epithelium thickening, hyperplasia and telangiectasis in the gills, discolouration, change in form and consistent alterations involving hyperplasia, narrowing of the central nerve, necrosis, pkynosis, blood congestion and vacuolation of the liver, mild hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the muscle of the fish. The severity of histological alteration was more pronounced in fish organs exposed to 5.50 ppm of glyphosate concentration. This study concluded that the toxicant (glyphosate) is highly toxic to C. gariepinus particularly at a concentration of 5.50 ppm, therefore its use near farm lands or adjacent water bodies should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46963179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.3700.2021
F. A. Idrus, F. Aziz, Adriana Christopher Lee
Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K) and feeding habits of Coilia dussumieri, Nemapteryx nenga and Nibea soldado from Santubong Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia were reported in the present study. The sampling was conducted during the non-monsoon season and monsoon season from April to November 2017 at Buntal, Penambir and Demak rivers using three-layered gillnets. A total of 182 fish samples were caught and measured for the total length and body weight. Then, the data were analysed by the equations for LWR and K. The feeding behaviour analysis was carried out using Relative Gut Index (RGI) and Frequency of Food Occurrence method. The log-transformed regression showed that most of the fishes exhibited negative allometric. K showed a significant difference between seasons. The RGI values of the fishes showed that they were carnivorous. The highest frequency of food occurrence in both seasons was gastropods (94-95 %) and the food items were found to be more variable during monsoon season (gastropods insect, worms, fish, asteroidea, phytoplankton and bivalve). The b value is an exponent to measure the growth pattern of fish and in this study, the b values were in the expected range of 2.5-3.5 and not affected by seasonal variation. The K values suggesting that most of the species were surviving well in the river and was influenced by seasonal change. The RGI and frequency of food occurrence showed that all fish in this study species were carnivorous with more variability in food was observed during the monsoon season. The data of this study are important for a sustainable fisheries management in this area.
本文报道了马来西亚沙捞越三土峰河口的长重关系(LWR)、条件因子(K)和摄食习性。在2017年4月至11月的非季风季节和季风季节，使用三层刺网在Buntal、Penambir和Demak河进行了采样。共捕获了182条鱼样本，测量了它们的总长度和体重。采用相对肠道指数(Relative Gut Index, RGI)和食物发生频率法对摄食行为进行分析。对数变换回归结果表明，大多数鱼类表现为负异速生长。K在季节间表现出显著差异。鱼类的RGI值表明它们是肉食性的。两个季节的食物出现频率最高的是腹足类(94% ~ 95%)，季风季节的食物种类变化较大(腹足类昆虫、蠕虫、鱼类、星形纲、浮游植物和双壳类)。b值是衡量鱼类生长模式的指数，在本研究中，b值在2.5-3.5的预期范围内，不受季节变化的影响。K值表明大多数物种在河流中生存良好，受季节变化的影响。RGI和食物发生频率表明，本研究鱼种均为肉食性，季风季节食物变化较大。本研究的数据对该地区的渔业可持续管理具有重要意义。
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship, Condition Factor and Feeding Habit of Fishes from Mangrove of Santubong Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"F. A. Idrus, F. Aziz, Adriana Christopher Lee","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.3700.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.3700.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K) and feeding habits of Coilia dussumieri, Nemapteryx nenga and Nibea soldado from Santubong Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia were reported in the present study. The sampling was conducted during the non-monsoon season and monsoon season from April to November 2017 at Buntal, Penambir and Demak rivers using three-layered gillnets. A total of 182 fish samples were caught and measured for the total length and body weight. Then, the data were analysed by the equations for LWR and K. The feeding behaviour analysis was carried out using Relative Gut Index (RGI) and Frequency of Food Occurrence method. The log-transformed regression showed that most of the fishes exhibited negative allometric. K showed a significant difference between seasons. The RGI values of the fishes showed that they were carnivorous. The highest frequency of food occurrence in both seasons was gastropods (94-95 %) and the food items were found to be more variable during monsoon season (gastropods insect, worms, fish, asteroidea, phytoplankton and bivalve). The b value is an exponent to measure the growth pattern of fish and in this study, the b values were in the expected range of 2.5-3.5 and not affected by seasonal variation. The K values suggesting that most of the species were surviving well in the river and was influenced by seasonal change. The RGI and frequency of food occurrence showed that all fish in this study species were carnivorous with more variability in food was observed during the monsoon season. The data of this study are important for a sustainable fisheries management in this area.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49056946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.3367.2021
J. King, Babirye Khadijah, K. Ong
Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.
{"title":"Producing Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’) Rootstock in a Deep-Water Culture Hydroponic System","authors":"J. King, Babirye Khadijah, K. Ong","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.3367.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.3367.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4058.2021
J. Grinang, Abid Faiq Rusyaidi Amnah
The presence of mud lobster mounds is a common natural feature along coastal areas and tidal influence habitats in Sarawak. However, the number of species of mud lobsters that constructed the mounds is yet to be ascertained. This paper reviews historical records and geographical distribution of mud lobster in Sarawak from various forms of literature. The early records of mud lobster were from Buntal in Kuching, and Lingga in Sri Aman back more than 130 years ago. A few other records were reported from the central and northern regions of Sarawak between 1928 and 2019. All these records have identified mud lobster of Sarawak as Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804). Our present study at two sites in Buntal area with a careful examination of morphological characters of fresh specimens has confirmed the taxonomy of the species and its existence in the area. Some ecological characteristics of the mud lobster, such as size variation, population density, and mound characteristics, are also discussed. The present study also found that construction of massive mounds by mud lobster has posed a conflict to farmers and coastal communities at Buntal area, who regarded the animal as a pest. On the other hand, research on the potential medicinal value of mud lobster in Sarawak is growing. This implies that accurate taxonomy and comprehensive ecological data of T. anomala are necessary to support best practices of mud lobster pest management and sustainable harvesting of the animal for medicinal purposes, which eventually lead to conserving the animal.
{"title":"Note on Historical Records, Geographical Distribution, and Ecological Characteristics of a Mud Lobster, Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804) (Decapoda, Gebiidea, Thalassinidae) in Sarawak, Borneo","authors":"J. Grinang, Abid Faiq Rusyaidi Amnah","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4058.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4058.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of mud lobster mounds is a common natural feature along coastal areas and tidal influence habitats in Sarawak. However, the number of species of mud lobsters that constructed the mounds is yet to be ascertained. This paper reviews historical records and geographical distribution of mud lobster in Sarawak from various forms of literature. The early records of mud lobster were from Buntal in Kuching, and Lingga in Sri Aman back more than 130 years ago. A few other records were reported from the central and northern regions of Sarawak between 1928 and 2019. All these records have identified mud lobster of Sarawak as Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804). Our present study at two sites in Buntal area with a careful examination of morphological characters of fresh specimens has confirmed the taxonomy of the species and its existence in the area. Some ecological characteristics of the mud lobster, such as size variation, population density, and mound characteristics, are also discussed. The present study also found that construction of massive mounds by mud lobster has posed a conflict to farmers and coastal communities at Buntal area, who regarded the animal as a pest. On the other hand, research on the potential medicinal value of mud lobster in Sarawak is growing. This implies that accurate taxonomy and comprehensive ecological data of T. anomala are necessary to support best practices of mud lobster pest management and sustainable harvesting of the animal for medicinal purposes, which eventually lead to conserving the animal.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42705353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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