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Rock Physics Modelling for Estimating the Quality of Reservoir Tight Sand in Bintuni Basin, West Papua, Indonesia 印尼西巴布亚Bintuni盆地储层致密砂质量的岩石物理建模
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.36435/JGF.V16I3.386
D. Ambarsari, S. Winardhi
Permeability is a key to determine the quality of reservoir. Reservoir quality can be dened as the ratio between permeability and porosity of a rock. Besides, permeability is not in uenced by porosity solely, there are otherfactors which aect the value of the permeability of a rock. One of them is aected by the pore structure, which includes turtuosity, surface area, and grain size. To determine how much these factors aect the permeability of a rock, it takes an elastic parameters that can be an indicator of the quality reservoir e.g pore space stiness and critical porosity.Primary data such as petrophysics, XRD data, and permeability are used as input data to determine the quality of reservoir. By using Zimmerman's equation and Nur's model, we will get the value of pore space stiness and critical porosity at each point. The combination of rock quality equation derived from Kozeny Carman's with elastic parameters as indicators produces qualitative rock quality identification. Results of this study is able to show that the pore space stiffness and critical porosity can represent turtuosity, surface area, and grain size of a rock which lead to the determination of rock quality. The method proposed in the present study demonstrated an excellence reservoir quality prediction based on the relation between petrophysical parameters with elastic parameters.
渗透率是决定储层质量的关键因素。储集层的质量可以用岩石的渗透率与孔隙度之比来表示。此外,渗透率不仅仅受孔隙度的影响,还有其他因素影响岩石的渗透率值。其中一种受孔隙结构的影响,孔隙结构包括孔隙度、表面积和颗粒大小。为了确定这些因素对岩石渗透率的影响程度,需要一个弹性参数,这些参数可以作为储层质量的指标,如孔隙空间密度和临界孔隙度。以岩石物理、XRD、渗透率等原始数据为输入数据,确定储层质量。利用Zimmerman方程和Nur模型,得到各点孔隙空间密度和临界孔隙度的值。将Kozeny Carman的岩石质量方程与弹性参数作为指标相结合,进行岩石质量定性识别。研究结果表明,孔隙空间刚度和临界孔隙度可以表征岩石的曲率、表面积和粒度,从而判断岩石的质量。该方法基于岩石物性参数与弹性参数之间的关系,具有较好的储层质量预测效果。
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引用次数: 0
3-D Inversion of Gravity Data Using Iterative Calculation for Subsurface Modeling of Mt. Pandan, East Java, Indonesia 基于迭代计算的印尼东爪哇潘丹山地下模拟重力数据三维反演
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.36435/JGF.V16I3.388
W. Aji, E. Wahyudi, D. Santoso, W. Kadir
Mount Pandan is one of the volcanoes located in East Java.There was an earthquake with magnitude 4.2 onThursday, June 25, 2015, at 10.35 pm located in the area of Mount Pandan. The earthquake indicates the active tectonic of Mount Pandan. In addition, Mount Pandan is one of eleven geothermal prospects in East Java. Thus, it is interesting to do a study related to the geological condition of Mount Pandan. So far, most studies have discussed the related surface geology of Mount Pandan. This study aims to provide information related to the subsurface condition of Mount Pandan based on gravity data. In this research, gravity data inversion modeling technique is used to image the subsurface condition of Mount Pandan. The inversion technique used is non linear inversion with iterative calculation method. In this modeling scheme, the model to be determinedis a layer boundary depth model of two layers of rock based on gravity anomaly data. In each layer the rock is assumed to be composed of a set of rectangular prisms with a certain dimension. A collection of prisms representing the rock layers is then computed by the model response and evaluated by comparing it to the observed data. From this evaluation, a modication of the length of the prism is made so thatthe boundary layer model will change. The process of evalu ation and modication of the model is done iteratively until it reaches the number of predened iterations. The result obtained from this gravity inversion modeling is a model of the subsurface boundary of Mount Pandan. The subsurface model obtained is the existence of a formation resembling a rock intrusion, in this case interpreted as an andesitic rockthat intrudes overlying rock layers. This intrusive formation lies at the peak of Mount Pandan and is continuously to the north, with the undisturbed intrusion located around the summit of Mount Pandan.
潘丹山是位于东爪哇的火山之一。2015年6月25日(星期四)晚上10点35分,潘丹山地区发生了4.2级地震。这次地震表明潘丹山构造活动。此外,Pandan山是东爪哇11个地热远景区之一。因此,对潘兰山的地质条件进行研究是很有意义的。到目前为止,大多数研究都是讨论潘丹山的相关地表地质。本研究旨在利用重力资料提供与潘兰山地下状况相关的信息。本研究采用重力数据反演建模技术,对潘丹山的地下状况进行了成像。反演技术采用非线性迭代反演法。在该建模方案中,要确定的模型是基于重力异常数据的两层岩石的层边界深度模型。在每一层中,假定岩石是由一组具有一定尺寸的矩形棱镜组成的。然后通过模型响应计算出代表岩层的棱镜集合,并通过将其与观测数据进行比较来评估。根据这一评估,对棱镜的长度进行修改,使边界层模型发生变化。模型的评估和修改过程迭代地进行,直到达到预先迭代的次数。重力反演模拟的结果是潘丹山的地下边界模型。获得的地下模型是存在类似岩石侵入的地层,在这种情况下被解释为侵入上覆岩层的安山岩。该侵入地层位于潘丹山的山顶,并连续向北延伸,未受干扰的侵入层位于潘丹山山顶周围。
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引用次数: 1
PEMODELAN INUNDASI TSUNAMI DI SEPANJANG PESISIR MANADO AKIBAT GEMPABUMI M8,5 DI ZONA SUBDUKSI SULAWESI UTARA 在北苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西的苏拉威西沿海因地震而发生海啸
Pub Date : 2018-12-07 DOI: 10.31172/JMG.V19I1.448
R. Wahyu, Rignolda Djamaluddin, Gybert E. Mamuaya, Tatok Yatimantoro, P. Priyobudi
Zona subduksi Sulawesi Utara merupakan kawasan tektonik yang sangat aktif. Seismisitas yang tinggi di wilayah ini disebabkan oleh zona subduksi Sulawesi utara, zona subduksi lempeng laut Maluku dan juga sesar-sesar lokal. Kota Manado terletak di sebuah teluk di pesisir utara Sulawesi. Kondisi ini membuat Kota Manado sangat rentan terhadap bahaya tsunami. Pemodelan inundasi tsunami dilakukan untuk memperkirakan potensi bencana tsunami. Gempabumi dengan magnitude Mw 8.5 digunakan untuk memperkirakan dampak tsunami terburuk. Pemodelan numerik tsunami dilakukan dengan menggunakan TUNAMI-N3 dengan grid bersarang (nested grid). Data batimetri dari GEBCO 1 arcsec dan data topografi dari SRTM 1 arcsec digunakan dalam perhitungan model. Resolusi grid ditingkatkan secara bertahap melalui 6 grid bersarang. Virtual tide gauge dibuat untuk melihat karakter gelombang tsunami di 7 titik sepanjang pantai Manado. Tsunami menggenangi wilayah pantai Manado antara 0,5 hingga 1,2 km ke darat. Ketinggian tsunami maksimum akibat skenario gempa ini adalah 18 meter. Waktu tiba tsunami di pantai sekitar 17 menit setelah gempabumi terjadi. North Sulawesi subduction zone is a very active seismic region. Manado directly faces the subduction zone and therefore made the city prone to tsunami hazards. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no research on how big a threat is a tsunami in Manado. A tsunami inundation modeling was performed to estimate the potential threat of a tsunami in the city. An earthquake with a magnitude of M8.5 represented the worst-case scenario of the tsunami. The numerical model for the tsunami modeling used in this study was TUNAMI-N3 with nested grids. For tsunami calculation, 1 arc-minute GEBCO bathymetric data and 1 arc-second SRTM topographic data were used. Several virtual tide gauge locations were set to detect wave characteristics of the tsunami along the coast of Manado. The results showed that the inundation distance varied from 500 to 1200 meters inland, the tsunami wave height varied from 8 to 18 meters, and tsunami arrived at a coastal area within 17 minutes after the earthquake. According to this inundation model, the tsunami-prone area in Manado might extend up to 500-1200 meters inland near the coastal areas. Local government should have tsunami inundation maps generated using detailed topographic data that will be useful for evacuation plans in case of a tsunami.
北苏拉威西的俯冲带是一个非常活跃的构造区域。该地区的高地震是由北苏拉威西苏拉威西苏拉威西区、马鲁库海板块俯冲区和局部sesarsar地区引起的。马纳多市位于苏拉威西北部海岸的一个海湾上。这使得马纳多市非常容易受到海啸的伤害。进行了海啸运型来估算潜在的海啸灾害。8.5级的地震被用来估计最严重的海啸影响。海啸数字建模是用一个嵌套网格的数字- n3进行的。GEBCO 1 arcsec的全新数据和SRTM 1 arcsec的地形数据用于模型计算。网格分辨率逐渐通过6个嵌套网格增强。虚拟的潮汐测量是为了在马纳多海滩的7点观察海啸的特征。海啸淹没了马纳多沿海地区,距离陆地0.5到1.2公里(0.5到1.2公里)。这种地震所造成的最大海啸高度为18米。地震发生大约17分钟后,海啸登陆海滩。北苏拉威西降水区是一个高度活跃的地震区。Manado直接面对下降区域,并在使城市成为海啸hazards的之前。在我们所知道的最好的情况下,马纳多没有研究过威胁有多大。一场潜在的海啸模型被确认为城市海啸的潜在威胁。m8.5的高强度地震代表了最糟糕的情况情况。这项研究中使用的海啸模型是无家可归的。用于计算海啸,1分钟GEBCO batimetric数据和1秒SRTM topo图形数据被使用。几个虚拟的潮汐测量地点已经确定了马纳多海岸海啸的特征特征。结果表明,从500到1200米不等的地方发生了俯冲变化,海啸从8到18米不等,海啸在地震发生17分钟后到达了一个海岸地区。根据这个基金会的模型,马纳多的海啸个体地区可能延伸到离海岸地区500-1200米的内陆地区。当地政府应该使用管道工程数据进行广泛的分析,这些数据在海啸发生时可能会有用。
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引用次数: 2
Thermomagnetic Analysis of the Lake Matano Sediments and the Surrounding Lateritic Soils, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 印尼南苏拉威西马塔诺湖沉积物及其周围红土的热磁分析
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.36435/jgf.v16i2.384
S. J. Fajar, G. Tamuntuan, S. Bijaksana, J. Russell
Thermomagnetic is one of the most commonly used measurements for determining the dominant type of magnetic mineral of samples. The measurement is separated into two distinct processes, heating and cooling. The sample susceptibility is measured for each temperature change, i.e., from room temperature to 700oC and vice-versa. Based on the thermomagnetic measurement results, magnetite is found to be the predominant magnetic minerals in Lake Matano sediments. The present study applied a correlation analysis technique on the results of thermomagnetic measurement of Lake Matano sediments and compared the result to that of lateritic soils to indicate whether a diagenetic process has occurred on the lake sediments.
热磁法是测定样品中主要磁性矿物类型最常用的测量方法之一。测量分为两个不同的过程,加热和冷却。每次温度变化,即从室温到700oC,反之亦然,都测量样品的磁化率。热磁测量结果表明,磁铁矿是马塔诺湖沉积物中主要的磁性矿物。本文应用相关分析技术对马塔诺湖沉积物热磁测量结果进行分析,并与红土土的热磁测量结果进行对比,以判断湖泊沉积物是否发生了成岩作用。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Converted-Wave Modeling: AVO Application for Shallow Gas Models 转换波建模研究:AVO在浅层天然气模型中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.36435/jgf.v16i2.362
N. C. Viony, Wahyu Triyoso
The application of converted-wave seismic method in hydrocarbon exploration has increased significantly. Since the conventional seismic ceases to provide an adequate result in complex geology area and it provides an ambiguous brightspot response. The main principle is that an incident P-wave produces reflected and converted P and SV wave when the downgoing P-wave impinges on an interface. Converted-wave seismic uses the multicomponent receiver that records both of vertical component and horizontal component. The vertical component is assumed to correspond to the compressional PP wave and the horizontal correspond to the PS converted-wave. In this research, a synthetic model with the shallow gas and the salt dome below are constructed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the brightspot due to the presence of shallow gas and its effect to the quality of PP and PS wave reflection below the gas zone. To achieve the goal, both vertical and horizontal seismic data processing are performed. In horizontal data processing, the best gamma function (Vp/Vs) value is estimated to produce the better and reliable image. The result shows that the brightspot response in conventional data doesn’t exist in converted-wave data and the imaging below the gas zone in converted-wave data is better than the conventional due to the attenuation and diffraction effect that caused by gas column. Processing is followed by AVO analysis to compare the AVO response of PP and PS data in characterizing gas reservoir. Both PP and PS AVO curve shows the consistency with synthetic AVO from well data. Gas reservoir is a class 1 AVO anomaly with positive intercept and negative gradient on PP data. However, PS AVO curve does not refer any anomaly. It is because S-wave is not sensitive to the existence of rock saturant.
转换波地震方法在油气勘探中的应用日益增多。由于常规地震在复杂地质区域不能提供充分的结果,并且提供模糊的亮点响应。主要原理是入射的纵波在向下的纵波撞击界面时产生反射和转换的P波和SV波。转换波地震采用多分量接收器,同时记录垂直分量和水平分量。垂直分量对应于压缩PP波,水平分量对应于PS转换波。在本研究中,建立了含浅层气及其下方盐丘的综合模型。本研究的目的是分析由于浅层气的存在而产生的亮点及其对气区下方PP波和PS波反射质量的影响。为了实现这一目标,对垂直和水平地震数据进行了处理。在水平数据处理中,估计出最佳的伽马函数(Vp/Vs)值,以产生更好、更可靠的图像。结果表明,转换波数据中不存在常规数据中的亮点响应,并且由于气柱的衰减和衍射效应,转换波数据中气带下方的成像优于常规数据。处理后进行AVO分析,比较PP和PS资料在气藏表征中的AVO响应。PP和PS AVO曲线与井资料合成AVO曲线一致。气藏在PP数据上为正截距、负梯度的1类AVO异常。然而,PS AVO曲线没有任何异常。这是因为s波对饱和岩的存在不敏感。
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引用次数: 2
Application of Velocity Variation with Angle (VVA) Method on an Anisotropic Model with Thomsen Delta Anisotropy Parameters 速度随角度变化(VVA)方法在具有Thomsen Delta各向异性参数的各向异性模型中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.36435/jgf.v16i2.371
W. Pranowo, S. Winardhi
Anisotropic properties will influence seismic propagation, for example it will affect wave velocity. One of well-known anisotropi equation for Transversaly Isotropic media is weak anisotropy with Thomsen's notation. Supriyono [2011] tried to estimate all of these variables by using velocity variation with angle (VVA) attribute. This research uses synthetic data, which is CMP Gather to know limitations of VVA attribute, to identify the error values, and to determine the best indicator of anisotropic eect. This research also uses another analysis method, which is grid search inversion to estimate VP0. From this research, Both VVA and grid search invesion still produce signcant error. The effects which will appear because of anisotropic property's presence are hockey-stick and over NMO-stretching.
各向异性特性会影响地震的传播,例如会影响波速。横向各向同性介质的一个著名的各向异性方程是用Thomsen符号表示的弱各向异性方程。Supriyono[2011]试图通过使用速度随角度变化(VVA)属性来估计所有这些变量。本研究利用综合数据,即CMP Gather,了解VVA属性的局限性,识别误差值,确定各向异性效果的最佳指标。本研究还采用了另一种分析方法,即网格搜索反演来估计VP0。从本研究来看,无论是VVA还是网格搜索反演都存在较大的误差。由于各向异性的存在,将出现曲棍球棒效应和超nmo拉伸效应。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Two-point Quadrature Gauss-Legendre Method on 2D Gravity Anomaly Modeling in Basins with Density Distribution Varied Polynomially as a Function of Depth 密度分布随深度多项式变化的盆地二维重力异常两点正交高斯-勒让德方法的实现
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.36435/JGF.V16I2.51
W. Srigutomo, Sesri Santurima, C. A. Hapsoro, Hairil Anwar, I. Djaja
Study of basin geometry basin is important in geosciences and geophysical exploration. Gravity method can be used to address this issue by measuring gravity anomalies on the surface caused by density contrast between the bedrock and the sediment that fills the basin, geometry of the basin and surface topography. Numerically, gravity anomaly modeling can be conducted using two-point rule Gauss-Legendre Quadrature method, for a case where density contrast varies with depth exponentially. Within the scope of this study, gravity anomalies on the surface are significantly affected by the geometry of the curvature of the bedrock as well as the topographic elevation of the surface and the selected density contrast, and are not significantly affected by the undulation of the bedrock curvature.  
盆地几何研究在地球科学和地球物理勘探中占有重要地位。重力法可以通过测量基岩与盆地沉积物之间的密度差异、盆地几何形状和地表地形造成的地表重力异常来解决这一问题。数值上,对于密度对比随深度呈指数变化的情况,采用两点规则高斯-勒让德正交法进行重力异常模拟。在本研究范围内,地表重力异常受基岩曲率几何形状、地表地形高程和所选密度对比的显著影响,受基岩曲率起伏的影响不显著。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Study of Spectral Induced Polarization Response Based on Laboratory Measurement 基于实验室测量的光谱诱导极化响应实验研究
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.36435/jgf.v16i2.374
D. A. Zaky, Suparwoto Suparwoto
The spectral induced polarization (SIP) method can provide apparent complex resistivity based on measurements of multi frequency. SIP method also can provide more detail information about physical properties of rocks and minerals because SIP can give spectral parameters or Cole-Cole parameters such as, changeability (m), time constant (τ) and frequency dependence (c). An Experimental study in laboratory has been conducted to knowing the SIP response of some test sample. The measurement system is built with digital oscilloscope Pico ADC-100 as device for sampling the input and output voltage. Amplifier is used to doubled up the signal and input differential. The range frequency of measurement is 10−2 Hz - 103 Hz. Porouspot Cu − CuSO4 is used to minimize the polarization at potential electrode. A Matlab listings is used to calculate the response of impedance and phase. The result from calibration that used the parallel circuit RC indicate that the measurement system was good. SIP response of porous model indicate that the response form an asymptotic resistivity, and the peak of phase is in the range frequency where the dispersion happen. The result also indicate that resistivity of small grain size model is larger than the big grain size model. Result from sample of mineralized rocks did not indicate a perfect SIP response, it is influenced by the contact between mineral and water was minimum.
光谱诱导极化(SIP)方法可以根据多频测量结果提供视复电阻率。SIP方法还可以提供更多关于岩石和矿物物理性质的详细信息,因为SIP可以给出光谱参数或Cole-Cole参数,如可变性(m)、时间常数(τ)和频率依赖性(c)。为了了解某些测试样品的SIP响应,我们在实验室进行了实验研究。该测量系统采用Pico数字示波器ADC-100作为输入输出电压采样装置。放大器用于将信号和输入差分加倍。测量频率范围为10−2hz ~ 103hz。孔点Cu−CuSO4用于最小化电位电极的极化。利用Matlab列表计算了阻抗和相位的响应。采用并联电路RC进行标定,结果表明测量系统性能良好。多孔模型的SIP响应表明,响应形成了一个渐近电阻率,相位峰值位于色散发生的范围频率内。结果还表明,小晶粒尺寸模型的电阻率大于大晶粒尺寸模型。矿化岩石样品的SIP响应并不完美,受矿物与水接触的影响最小。
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引用次数: 0
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Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika
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