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A Methodology of Teaching Fundamentals of Art and Design 艺术与设计基础的教学方法
Pub Date : 2017-08-15 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I4.2980
Hanibal Srouji
The focus of this paper is to present a  methodology of teaching fundamentals of Art & Design course base on analysis of artworks, mainly paintings, aimed at supporting art & design teaching practice at the foundation year level. The main argument is that this kind of analytical research and its application has not (always) been comprehensive and may not have been guided by sufficient assessment of teaching of the fundamentals of composition. The cases here are derived from my teaching practice and research in design studios of the Foundation Studies courses at the School of Architecture and Design and are supported by the students’ outcomes in these related studio courses. The conceptual background of the program puts forward that design develops its theory from practice through the iterative creative process of “thinking through making” as it was demonstrated by the teachers in the foundation courses at the Bauhaus. (Lecanides-Arnott, 2014; Ranjan, 2005). As a teaching methodology in question, this paper argues in favor of a direct teaching approach to core ideas relating to composition at the foundation year level of Art and Design. This may question educational methodologies concerned with the teaching of the fundamentals of art & design in general, where students are to discover compositional core ideas, processes and application within rather intuitive and indirect learning processes. Although in other teaching methodologies, the elements of composition may be referred to and may be demonstrated in lectures, analysis, projects, processes and critiques, little evidence remains to show how students are consciously aware of their significance and use. The methodology presented in this paper urges for a more direct process of discovery and assimilation of the core ideas related to composition by the students: as firsthand research and development on their behalf. This research maintains that when core ideas are presented, synthesized and applied at an early stage in art & design teaching, students forge a deeper understanding of composition that empowers their visual thinking processes, analysis capacities, synthesis, self-critique and application. This research considers the transmission of core ideas related to composition as a fundamental objective in art and design learning and practice. It looks at ways of expanding the findings acquired through the analysis of artworks to notable applications in art & design, where core ideas become the basis for explorations of more complex or rather different compositional structures in diverse media. The paper also argues that most “significant” artworks are based, whether it be intuitive (visual) or intentional (rational / mathematical), on a relative and proportional relation among the “parts” that constitute the “whole”. When examined, the compositions demonstrate an inherent structural complexity comparable with a mathematical relativity among their visual constituents. Core ideas are presented wit
本文的重点是提出一种基于艺术作品(主要是绘画)分析的艺术与设计课程基础教学方法,旨在支持基础年级的艺术与设计教学实践。主要的论点是,这种分析研究及其应用并不(总是)是全面的,也可能没有充分评估作文基础教学的指导。这里的案例来源于我在建筑与设计学院基础研究课程设计工作室的教学实践和研究,并以学生在相关工作室课程中的成果为支撑。该计划的概念背景提出了设计通过“通过制作思考”的迭代创作过程从实践中发展其理论,这是包豪斯基础课程教师所展示的。(Lecanides-Arnott, 2014;野生动物,2005)。作为一种有问题的教学方法,本文主张在艺术与设计的基础阶段采用直接的教学方法来教授与构图有关的核心思想。这可能会质疑与艺术和设计基础教学有关的教育方法,学生们要在相当直观和间接的学习过程中发现构成的核心思想、过程和应用。尽管在其他教学方法中,写作要素可能会在讲座、分析、项目、过程和评论中被提及和展示,但几乎没有证据表明学生是如何有意识地意识到它们的重要性和用途的。本文提出的方法敦促学生更直接地发现和吸收与作文有关的核心思想:作为代表他们的第一手研究和发展。本研究认为,在艺术与设计教学的早期阶段,当核心思想被呈现、综合和应用时,学生对构图的理解会更深,从而增强他们的视觉思维过程、分析能力、综合能力、自我批评和应用能力。本研究将传递与构成相关的核心思想作为艺术设计学习与实践的基本目标。它着眼于将通过艺术品分析获得的发现扩展到艺术与设计中的显著应用的方法,其中核心思想成为在不同媒体中探索更复杂或更不同的构图结构的基础。本文还认为,大多数“重要的”艺术作品,无论是直观的(视觉的)还是有意的(理性的/数学的),都是基于构成“整体”的“部分”之间的相对和比例关系。当检查时,这些作品表现出一种内在的结构复杂性,与它们的视觉成分之间的数学相关性相当。核心思想在分析过程的逐项框架中呈现。案例表明,将艺术品分解为其基本组件将有助于产生基本的组合结果(被视为“模式”或蓝图),可用于进一步的设计应用程序和开发。然后,它着眼于如何将分析结果再投资于项目的方法,这些项目将进一步理解和应用所获得的概念、思维过程和方法。基于解构/重建的概念,一个案例是使用分析结果作为系统产生新颖艺术和设计练习和项目的某些可能性[新结果]。这种方法可以发展成一套基础良好、内容丰富的开放式艺术与设计教学方法,适用于指导艺术、设计和建筑学校入门级本科学生的需要;特别是在那些本科生在中学和高中几乎没有接受过创造性培训或艺术教育不足的国家。
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引用次数: 1
That Magical Power: High School Students’ Camping Service Experiences and Self-Concept Development 那股神奇的力量:高中生露营服务体验与自我概念发展
Pub Date : 2017-06-30 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I3.4803
W. Li, Mei-Ying Chien
In Taiwan, the recent education reforms and policies have drawn its focus on transforming ‘’spoon-feeding education’’ to “adaptive education” with the main purpose of cultivating our students to have multiple-competence development. Following such trend, there have been quite a lot of service camps organized for the youth to help them develop communication skills, social responsibilities, positive thinking and self-concept. This study was conducted by adopting a case-study approach with the use of semi-structured interviews with high-school students for data collection. The researcher, a junior college student also as a volunteer serving for a youth camp, has chosen her service summer camp as a research setting to consult the research participants. There were totally four high-school students participating in this research; two females (vocational high-school students) and two males (one general high-school student and one vocational high-school student). Based on the analysis of interview data, it was found: 1. High-school students’ camping service experiences will help them to have a sense of belonging and developing their competence; 2. High-school students’ negative experiences will have an influence on their self-concept; 3. High-school students’ camping service experiences will help them to construct self-concept positively.
在台湾,近年来的教育改革与政策,将重心从“填鸭式教育”转向“适应性教育”,以培养学生的多元能力发展为主要目的。在这种趋势下,有相当多的服务营为青少年组织,帮助他们发展沟通技巧,社会责任,积极的思维和自我概念。本研究采用个案研究方法,采用半结构化访谈法对高中生进行数据收集。研究者是一名专科生,也是一名青年夏令营志愿者,她选择了她的服务夏令营作为研究场所,以咨询研究参与者。本研究共有四名高中生参与;女2名(中职高中生),男2名(普通高中生1名,中职高中生1名)。通过对访谈数据的分析,发现:1。高中学生的露营服务体验有助于他们有归属感和发展他们的能力;2. 高中生消极经历会对自我概念产生影响;3.中学生露营服务体验对自我概念的建构有积极的促进作用。
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引用次数: 0
Good University Governance, Is It Necessary? 良好的大学治理,是必要的吗?
Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I3.4764
R. F. Sari
Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is one of an idea initiated to develop the quality of Higher Education in the future. Although GCG was originally applied to the implementation of corporate governance practices of public companies, but in the context of Economic Education, higher education can be regarded as one of the places for human resource investment. National Committee on Corporate Governance (KNKCG) in 2001 issued five basic principles of good corporate governance, including 1) Transparency; 2) Accountability; 3) Responsibility; 4) independency; and 5) Fairness. The most important principle that must be maintained in the application of good university governance is the awareness towards the goal of higher education   as an educational institution. Therefore, it can be ascertained whether  the university has implemented a good university governance by the extent to which universities are able to address the dynamics that occur in its implementation without betraying the noble values of education and adopting the mandate of the people, nations and countries that shelter them
良好的公司治理是为提高未来高等教育质量而提出的理念之一。虽然GCG最初是应用于上市公司公司治理实践的实施,但在经济教育的背景下,高等教育可以看作是人力资源投资的场所之一。2001年,国家法人治理委员会(KNKCG)提出了“良好法人治理的5大基本原则”,其中包括:1)透明性;2)问责;3)责任;4)独立性;5)公平。在实施良好的大学治理时,必须坚持的最重要的原则是对高等教育作为教育机构的目标的认识。因此,可以确定大学是否实施了良好的大学治理,通过大学能够在不背叛教育的崇高价值观和采纳庇护他们的人民,民族和国家的授权的情况下解决实施过程中发生的动态变化的程度
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引用次数: 6
Designing a Database of Research Papers Focused on Teaching Science to Students with Learning Disabilities 设计学习障碍学生科学教学研究论文数据库
Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I3.4673
G. Kaliampos, Alkistis Verevi, A. Panagopoulou, Panagiotis F. Papalexopoulos, D. Vavougios
The Department of Special Education at the University of Thessaly is in the process of setting up a scientific database called “Bibliography Observatory”.  This database will collect and process scientific publications focused on teaching science to students with learning disabilities, in order to promote Special Education research and improve the existing teaching strategies. In this study, we present the pipeline of collecting and processing the research papers of interest as well as any statistical data accumulated up to now.
色萨利大学特殊教育系正在建立一个名为“书目观测站”的科学数据库。该数据库将收集和处理有关学习障碍学生科学教学的科学出版物,以促进特殊教育的研究和改进现有的教学策略。在这项研究中,我们提出了收集和处理感兴趣的研究论文的管道,以及迄今为止积累的任何统计数据。
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引用次数: 4
Tablets, Very Young Primary School Students, and Basic Programming Concepts 平板电脑,非常小的小学生和基本的编程概念
Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I3.4747
Emmanuel Fokides
The study presents the results of a project in which tablets and a ready-made application were used for teaching basic programming concepts to young primary school students (ages 7-9). A total of 135 students participated in the study, attending primary schools in Athens, Greece, divided into three groups. The first was taught conventionally. The second was taught using a board game, while the third was taught using tablets and an application. Students' performance was assessed using evaluation sheets. Data analyses revealed that students in the tablets/application group outperformed students in the other two groups in three out of four tests. Students' views regarding the application were highly positive. The learning outcomes can be attributed to the combination of the application's game-like features and to the tablets' ease of use. On the basis of the results, educators can consider the use of tablets and mobile applications for teaching basic programming concepts to young primary school students.
这项研究展示了一个项目的结果,在这个项目中,平板电脑和一个现成的应用程序被用来向7-9岁的小学生教授基本的编程概念。共有135名学生参加了这项研究,他们在希腊雅典的小学上学,被分为三组。第一门课是传统的。第二组使用棋盘游戏进行教学,第三组使用平板电脑和应用程序进行教学。学生的表现是用评估表来评估的。数据分析显示,平板电脑/应用程序组的学生在四分之三的测试中表现优于其他两组学生。学生对申请的看法非常积极。学习效果可以归因于应用程序的游戏功能和平板电脑的易用性。在研究结果的基础上,教育工作者可以考虑使用平板电脑和移动应用程序向小学生教授基本的编程概念。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Integrated Sciences Teaching Materials on Pressure Topic to Improve Student’s Critical Thinking Skills in Junior 压力主题综合科学教材对提高初中生批判性思维能力的作用
Pub Date : 2017-04-25 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I2.4697
Any Fitriani Rahmania, I. Kaniawati
This study was aimed to identify student’s critical thinking skills through the use of integrated sciences teaching materials on pressure topic. This study was conducted at one of SMP in Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia for the 2015/2016 academic year. It used experimental method with nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. There were two classes involved, the experiment class where the students using the integrated sciences teaching materials, while the control class using conventional teaching materials provided at school. Data was respectively collected and analyzed by using student’s critical thinking skills test and data analysis tools SPSS version 21. The result shows that there is a significant difference in student’s critical thinking in student taught using integrated sciences teaching materials those taught with conventional teaching materials. It can be concluded that there is improvement in critical thinking skills of students in the experiment class compared to the control class. In addition, this study provided of positive impacts on student’s active learning and independent learning.
本研究旨在透过压力主题的综合科学教材,识别学生的批判性思维能力。本研究于2015/2016学年在印度尼西亚西爪哇省Cimahi的SMP之一进行。采用非等效前测后测对照组设计的实验方法。有两个班,实验班的学生使用综合科学教材,而控制班使用学校提供的传统教材。数据的收集和分析分别使用学生批判性思维能力测试和数据分析工具SPSS version 21。结果表明,使用综合科学教材教学的学生的批判性思维与使用常规教材教学的学生有显著差异。由此可见,实验班学生的批判性思维能力比对照组学生有所提高。此外,本研究对学生的主动学习和自主学习也产生了积极的影响。
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引用次数: 8
A Critical Analysis of Errors Made by Rural and Urban Students in ‘O’ Level Mathematics Paper 1 (4008/1) in Shurugwi and Gweru Districts, Zimbabwe 对津巴布韦Shurugwi和Gweru地区农村和城市学生O ' Level数学试卷1(4008/1)错误的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I2.4652
S. Chirume
This study critically investigated and analysed mathematical errors made by forty rural and urban Zimbabwe Ordinary Level students who wrote a test adopted from the ZIMSEC 2012 past examination paper (4008/1). Twenty students at a rural school in Shurugwi District and twenty students of similar characteristics (except for location or district) at an urban school in Gweru District were randomly sampled. Questions 1 and 7 (arithmetic and algebraic manipulations), 2 and 21 (psychomotor skills- measurement, shading, locus and geometric constructions) and 8 and 15 (word problems) were purposively sampled and students’ written and marked scripts were subjected to a critical analysis of errors. The errors were classified into eight categories proposed by Dufresne (2012) and these were error in knowledge, error in skill, error in concept, error in making connections, error in strategy effectiveness, error in convention, error in process and error in format. Mixed methods (QUAL-quan, content and interpretivist) analyses of errors made by the rural students and those made by the urban students were made. The study offers possible strategies that teachers in rural and urban areas can use to rectify students’ mathematical errors in the classroom situation and contributes to the body of knowledge on mathematical error analysis.
本研究对40名津巴布韦农村和城市普通水平学生的数学错误进行了批判性调查和分析,这些学生的考试采用了ZIMSEC 2012年过去的试卷(4008/1)。随机抽取舒鲁维地区一所农村学校的20名学生和圭鲁地区一所城市学校的20名具有相似特征(地点或地区除外)的学生。问题1和问题7(算术和代数运算)、问题2和问题21(精神运动技能——测量、阴影、轨迹和几何结构)以及问题8和问题15(文字问题)被有意取样,学生的书面和标记的脚本被进行了错误的批判性分析。Dufresne(2012)将错误分为八类,分别是知识错误、技能错误、概念错误、联系错误、策略有效性错误、惯例错误、流程错误和格式错误。采用质量法、内容法和解释法等混合方法对农村学生和城市学生的错误进行了分析。本研究为农村和城市教师在课堂上纠正学生数学错误提供了可能的策略,并有助于建立数学错误分析的知识体系。
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引用次数: 2
In-service EFL Teacher Development for Technology Integration in Communicative Language Teaching 交际语言教学中技术整合的在职英语教师发展
Pub Date : 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I2.4465
Thooptong Kwangsawad
In response to the challenges of ASEAN Economic Community 2015, Ministry of Education announced the latest policies to reform teaching and learning English at the basic education level adapting communicative language teaching (CLT) flexibly and appropriately to the Thai context, and using information computer technology (ICT) media as a tool to enhance teaching skills and knowledge of teachers. This article deals with the implementation and evaluation a professional development program for technology integration in CLT for 32 in-service EFL teachers from primary and secondary school levels with the foci on 1) evaluation of the in-service EFL teachers’ knowledge and skills in CLT and technology integration in CLT and, 2) the in-service EFL teachers’ experiences with participating in the program. The results show that the post- test scores of the in-service teachers’ knowledge in CLT and technology integration in CLT were significantly higher than the pre-test scores. However, their skills in CLT and technology integration in CLT were at the low level.  Almost all participants reported having positive experiences with the program.
为应对2015年东盟经济共同体的挑战,教育部宣布了改革基础教育英语教学的最新政策,使交际语言教学(CLT)灵活和适当地适应泰国的环境,并利用信息计算机技术(ICT)媒体作为提高教师教学技能和知识的工具。本文对32名中小学在职英语教师实施了一项外语教学技术整合专业发展计划并进行了评估,重点是1)评估在职英语教师在外语教学中的知识和技能以及在外语教学中的技术整合;2)在职英语教师参与该计划的经验。结果表明,在职教师的语言教学知识和技术整合的测试后得分显著高于测试前得分。然而,他们在CLT技能和CLT技术整合方面处于较低水平。几乎所有的参与者都对这个项目有积极的体验。
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引用次数: 3
The Social Coping Experiences of a Female Child with Arthrogryposis Multitplex Congenita Shared by her Parents 父母共同患有多发性先天性关节挛缩症的女童的社会应对经验
Pub Date : 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I2.4675
M. Abed
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, commonly referred to as AMC, is a disorder recognised by multiple contractures of the joints. The symptoms associated with the disorder span across various levels of severity. Regardless of the physical problems, however, intelligence remains undisturbed. The aim of this paper is centred on investigating the social coping experiences of a child living with this condition, adopting a qualitative approach to the research. A case study design was adopted for the research, with the theoretical framework applied known as Phenomenology. One sample was used for the data collection, notably a child diagnosed with Arthrogryposis, with her coping experiences shared by her parents. When examining the data, thematic analysis was applied.  This study has significance in the fact it seeks to develop an understanding of children living with this condition, as well as for the disabled child population as a whole. The key issues seen to arise from this study include the role of social relationships, the role of the parent in socialisation, and the perceptions of others concerning AMC.
多发性先天性关节挛缩症,通常被称为AMC,是一种由关节多次挛缩所识别的疾病。与这种障碍相关的症状跨越了不同程度的严重程度。然而,撇开身体上的问题不谈,智力是不受干扰的。本文的目的是集中在调查与这种情况下生活的孩子的社会应对经验,采用定性的方法来研究。本研究采用个案研究设计,运用现象学的理论框架。一个样本用于数据收集,特别是一个被诊断患有关节挛缩症的儿童,她的应对经历与她的父母分享。在审查数据时,采用了专题分析。这项研究具有重要意义,因为它试图了解患有这种疾病的儿童以及整个残疾儿童群体。从这项研究中出现的关键问题包括社会关系的作用,父母在社会化中的作用,以及他人对AMC的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Meaningful Learning Experiences in the Finnish Teacher Education 芬兰教师教育中的有意义学习体验
Pub Date : 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.24203/AJEEL.V5I2.4471
R. Valli, P. Valli, Sirkku Lähdesmäki
During the last few years the change of the school and how the school should change in the first place to meet the challenges of the future have been discussed a great deal. The talk has begun of the cross-disciplinary competences, referred to also as transversal (generic) competences in the curriculum, and of developing teaching towards the integrated modules called multidisciplinary learning modules in the reformed curriculum of the basic education. The multidisciplinary learning modules promote the reaching of the objectives set for the basic education and in particular, the development of the cross-disciplinary competences. This research was carried out in a Finnish class teachers' adult education programme during a study unit in January 2016. This study unit was a multidisciplinary learning experience, which was planned together and in which the contents of the seven different subjects taught in the comprehensive school were combined. The aim was to gain experiences of integrating the subjects, of planning and implementing learning modules, of meaningfully adapting information and communication technology as well as of collaborative learning. The research also surveys the knowledge of the concepts, which are related to the study unit. The results showed that the multidisciplinary learning module had offered meaningful experiences. The students had mastered well the study unit concepts. Their experiences in relation to the aims were mainly good, versatile and sufficient. Nearly every student intended to implement similar modules in their future work. The main objective of this study unit was to increase the students' understanding and knowledge about the multidisciplinary learning module through experiential learning and to provide them with a surface to reflect on the matters in their future studies.
在过去的几年里,学校的变化以及学校应该如何改变,以迎接未来的挑战,已经讨论了很多。在基础教育课程改革中,跨学科能力(又称横向(通用)能力)和多学科学习模块的整合教学已经开始被讨论。多学科学习模块促进了基础教育目标的实现,特别是跨学科能力的发展。本研究于2016年1月在芬兰班主任成人教育项目的一个学习单元中进行。这个学习单元是一个多学科的学习体验,是一起策划的,综合学校七个不同学科的教学内容结合在一起。其目的是获得综合学科、规划和执行学习模块、有意义地调整信息和通信技术以及协作学习方面的经验。研究还调查了与研究单元相关的概念知识。结果表明,多学科学习模块提供了有意义的体验。学生较好地掌握了学习单元的概念。他们在目标方面的经验主要是好的、多样的和充分的。几乎每个学生都打算在他们未来的工作中实现类似的模块。本学习单元的主要目的是通过体验式学习增加学生对多学科学习模块的理解和认识,并为他们提供一个在未来学习中反思问题的平台。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning
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