Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.637
Pirzada Muhammad Asad, Muhammad Bilal, Yaseen Khan
Background: Unsafe injection practices and injection drug use have been linked to multiple HIV outbreaks in Pakistan since 2003.HIV/AIDS has a wide range of clinical manifestations, and it affects a variety of organ systems. It is neuro-invasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent, and can directly induce nervous system diseases due to its preference for the nervous system.Objective: To determine the frequency of common neurological symptoms in patients who have tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 patients for 6 months in the Department of Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar (9/7/2019 to 8/1/2020). Routine examinations, CSF cultures, monofilament tests, detailed histories, and ICD-9 criteria inspection were performed on all patients to detect the existence of common neurological symptoms such as TBM, cryptococcal meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, headache, seizures, and dementia. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the data. The data was analyzed us SPSS version 20. Results: The current study showed that 66% of the patients were men and 34% were women with a mean age of 36±10.51 years. Mean duration of the disease was 1±7.33 years. TBM (45%), cryptococcal meningitis (15%), peripheral neuropathy (16%), headache (26%), seizures (28%), and dementia were the most common neurological symptoms (5%).Conclusion: TBM (45%), cryptococcal meningitis (15%), peripheral neuropathy (16%), headache (26%), seizures (28%), and dementia (5%) were the most prevalent neurological symptoms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus positive, according to our findings.Key Words: Neurological manifestations, HIV /AIDS infection.
背景:自2003年以来，不安全的注射做法和注射吸毒与巴基斯坦的多次艾滋病毒暴发有关。艾滋病毒/艾滋病具有广泛的临床表现，并影响多种器官系统。它具有神经侵袭性、嗜神经性和神经毒性，由于偏爱神经系统，可直接诱发神经系统疾病。目的:确定人类免疫缺陷病毒检测呈阳性的患者常见神经系统症状的频率。材料与方法:本描述性横断面研究对白沙瓦雷丁夫人医院医学系131例患者进行了为期6个月的研究(2019年7月9日至2020年1月8日)。对所有患者进行常规检查、脑脊液培养、单丝试验、详细病史和ICD-9标准检查，以发现常见神经系统症状，如TBM、隐球菌性脑膜炎、周围神经病变、头痛、癫痫发作和痴呆。使用预先设计的表格记录数据。数据采用SPSS version 20进行分析。结果:本组患者中男性占66%，女性占34%，平均年龄36±10.51岁。平均病程为1±7.33年。TBM(45%)、隐球菌性脑膜炎(15%)、周围神经病变(16%)、头痛(26%)、癫痫(28%)和痴呆是最常见的神经系统症状(5%)。结论:TBM(45%)、隐球菌性脑膜炎(15%)、周围神经病变(16%)、头痛(26%)、癫痫发作(28%)和痴呆(5%)是人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性患者最常见的神经系统症状。关键词:神经学表现;HIV /AIDS感染;
{"title":"Frequency of Common Neurological Manifestations among Patients Presenting with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positivity","authors":"Pirzada Muhammad Asad, Muhammad Bilal, Yaseen Khan","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.637","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Unsafe injection practices and injection drug use have been linked to multiple HIV outbreaks in Pakistan since 2003.HIV/AIDS has a wide range of clinical manifestations, and it affects a variety of organ systems. It is neuro-invasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent, and can directly induce nervous system diseases due to its preference for the nervous system.Objective: To determine the frequency of common neurological symptoms in patients who have tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 patients for 6 months in the Department of Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar (9/7/2019 to 8/1/2020). Routine examinations, CSF cultures, monofilament tests, detailed histories, and ICD-9 criteria inspection were performed on all patients to detect the existence of common neurological symptoms such as TBM, cryptococcal meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, headache, seizures, and dementia. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the data. The data was analyzed us SPSS version 20. Results: The current study showed that 66% of the patients were men and 34% were women with a mean age of 36±10.51 years. Mean duration of the disease was 1±7.33 years. TBM (45%), cryptococcal meningitis (15%), peripheral neuropathy (16%), headache (26%), seizures (28%), and dementia were the most common neurological symptoms (5%).Conclusion: TBM (45%), cryptococcal meningitis (15%), peripheral neuropathy (16%), headache (26%), seizures (28%), and dementia (5%) were the most prevalent neurological symptoms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus positive, according to our findings.Key Words: Neurological manifestations, HIV /AIDS infection.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123232504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.697
Dr. Ghazala Wahid, Ammara Haroon, Mehreen Samad, Naila Tamkeen
Background: Radiology reporting in today's era has a very important role in diagnosis and management of patient so it is very important to rule out the causes and ways to improve reporting time and its quality. Delays in performing radiology scans or interpreting them can prolong the time until a proper treatment decision can be made, leading to increased costs and potential compromises in patient care.Objective: To find out reasons for delay in radiological reporting and to find out how to reduce them and improve reporting standards.Materials and Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study and it involved data collected from all patients whose CT scan or MRI was performed for random problems in HMC. There scans were followed till they were reported and handed over to patients or patient's attendants. Questionnaires were given to five consultants of radiology department to know about causes of delay.Results: In this observational study we found that delay in reporting was multifactorial. Approximately 11,600 CT scans and MRI scans were performed in the period between 1st July to 31st December 2018. Approximately 2070 (17.8%) reports were delayed more than 72 hours while 82.1% scan were reported in time within 72 hours. In our study the most important cause of delayed reporting was incomplete history (34.8%), while other causes were inappropriate technique (21.5%), radiologist overburden (29.7%) while in 14% patients the cause of delayed reporting was lack of communication between radiologist and clinician.Key Words: Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Reporting.
{"title":"Causes of Delay in Radiological Reporting and ways to Reduce them","authors":"Dr. Ghazala Wahid, Ammara Haroon, Mehreen Samad, Naila Tamkeen","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.697","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiology reporting in today's era has a very important role in diagnosis and management of patient so it is very important to rule out the causes and ways to improve reporting time and its quality. Delays in performing radiology scans or interpreting them can prolong the time until a proper treatment decision can be made, leading to increased costs and potential compromises in patient care.Objective: To find out reasons for delay in radiological reporting and to find out how to reduce them and improve reporting standards.Materials and Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study and it involved data collected from all patients whose CT scan or MRI was performed for random problems in HMC. There scans were followed till they were reported and handed over to patients or patient's attendants. Questionnaires were given to five consultants of radiology department to know about causes of delay.Results: In this observational study we found that delay in reporting was multifactorial. Approximately 11,600 CT scans and MRI scans were performed in the period between 1st July to 31st December 2018. Approximately 2070 (17.8%) reports were delayed more than 72 hours while 82.1% scan were reported in time within 72 hours. In our study the most important cause of delayed reporting was incomplete history (34.8%), while other causes were inappropriate technique (21.5%), radiologist overburden (29.7%) while in 14% patients the cause of delayed reporting was lack of communication between radiologist and clinician.Key Words: Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Reporting.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130454217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.699
Jibran Umar Ayub, Ayesha Qaisar, Said Amin, Mehreen Zaman, Azhar Zahir Shah, F. Ahmed
Background: Gastro-Esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common problem in a gastrointestinal clinical setting. Still, the best treatment for it remains debatable as there are many new drugs that have evolved for its treatment in addition to dietary modification.Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazole (modified-release 60 mg) and esomeprazole (40 mg) for the resolution of symptoms of GERD.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial or intervention was conducted for comparing the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazolevs Esomeprazole for the symptomatic treatment of GERD.A total of 100 endoscopically diagnosed patients were selected and were randomly allocated to two groups each containing 50 patients. Group 'A' contained 50 patients who were given 60 mg Dexlansoprazole for 2 weeks and group 'B' also contained the same number of patients receiving the treatment with Esomeprazole 40 mg for the same duration.After informed consent, a validated tool FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) was used to collect the responses of patients. The Chi-square test was used to compare the responses of two groups considering a P-value of <0.05 as significant.Results: Among domains of frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD, only dysphagia was significantly better in Dexlansoprazole group, P-valueof< 0.05 while rest of the symptoms were statistically same with a p-value of > 0.05.Conclusion: This study concluded that the symptomatic relief of GERD after 2 weeks of therapy with Esomeprazole and Dexlansoprazole was the same except for dysphagia.Keywords: Dexlansoprazole, Esomeprazole,Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Dexlansoprazole vs Esomeprazole in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Jibran Umar Ayub, Ayesha Qaisar, Said Amin, Mehreen Zaman, Azhar Zahir Shah, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.699","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastro-Esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common problem in a gastrointestinal clinical setting. Still, the best treatment for it remains debatable as there are many new drugs that have evolved for its treatment in addition to dietary modification.Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazole (modified-release 60 mg) and esomeprazole (40 mg) for the resolution of symptoms of GERD.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial or intervention was conducted for comparing the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazolevs Esomeprazole for the symptomatic treatment of GERD.A total of 100 endoscopically diagnosed patients were selected and were randomly allocated to two groups each containing 50 patients. Group 'A' contained 50 patients who were given 60 mg Dexlansoprazole for 2 weeks and group 'B' also contained the same number of patients receiving the treatment with Esomeprazole 40 mg for the same duration.After informed consent, a validated tool FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) was used to collect the responses of patients. The Chi-square test was used to compare the responses of two groups considering a P-value of <0.05 as significant.Results: Among domains of frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD, only dysphagia was significantly better in Dexlansoprazole group, P-valueof< 0.05 while rest of the symptoms were statistically same with a p-value of > 0.05.Conclusion: This study concluded that the symptomatic relief of GERD after 2 weeks of therapy with Esomeprazole and Dexlansoprazole was the same except for dysphagia.Keywords: Dexlansoprazole, Esomeprazole,Gastroesophageal reflux disease.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127849293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Historically, the Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been considered to branch after it enters the larynx, but numerous studies have demonstrated that it often branches before. The wide variability of this extra laryngeal branching (ELB) has significant implications for the risk of iatrogenic injury. Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) provides information to prevent inadvertent intraoperative injury.Objectives: Our study aimed to assess extra laryngeal branching of recurrent laryngeal nerve to find out branching patterns of RLN and to study whether there is any correlation between right and left side branching of RLN.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis conducted on patients of Thyroid surgeries that is total and Near-total thyroidectomies. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 1st Jan 2014 till 31st Dec 2020, with total of 269 patients. We excluded hemi thyroidectomies and recurrent cases.Results: The prevalence of single branching RLN was found to be 29.3% with 79 out of 269 patients. The branching pattern was found not statistically significant with age and gender. Surgeons need to pay special attention to the branching pattern of RLN so as to preserve it during surgery.Conclusion: The anatomy of the RLN is highly variable, and ELB is likely to have been underreported in intraoperative studies. Because of its high likelihood, the possibility of ELB needs to be assessed in patients to prevent iatrogenic injury and long-term postoperative complications.Key Words: Total thyroidectomy, Recurrent laryngeal nerve.Extralaryngeal branching.
{"title":"Branching Patterns of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroidectomy Patients","authors":"Saira Nizam, Adnan Yar Muhammad, Waseem Khan, Khursheed Anwar, Fazal Rehman","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.3.670","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Historically, the Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been considered to branch after it enters the larynx, but numerous studies have demonstrated that it often branches before. The wide variability of this extra laryngeal branching (ELB) has significant implications for the risk of iatrogenic injury. Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) provides information to prevent inadvertent intraoperative injury.Objectives: Our study aimed to assess extra laryngeal branching of recurrent laryngeal nerve to find out branching patterns of RLN and to study whether there is any correlation between right and left side branching of RLN.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis conducted on patients of Thyroid surgeries that is total and Near-total thyroidectomies. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 1st Jan 2014 till 31st Dec 2020, with total of 269 patients. We excluded hemi thyroidectomies and recurrent cases.Results: The prevalence of single branching RLN was found to be 29.3% with 79 out of 269 patients. The branching pattern was found not statistically significant with age and gender. Surgeons need to pay special attention to the branching pattern of RLN so as to preserve it during surgery.Conclusion: The anatomy of the RLN is highly variable, and ELB is likely to have been underreported in intraoperative studies. Because of its high likelihood, the possibility of ELB needs to be assessed in patients to prevent iatrogenic injury and long-term postoperative complications.Key Words: Total thyroidectomy, Recurrent laryngeal nerve.Extralaryngeal branching.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123446131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.720
M. Ishaq
Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines play an important role to stop or slow down the spread of communicable/contagious diseases. The national guidelines provide safety not only to the patient but also the healthcare providers and environment. World health organization (WHO) provided complete guidelines for the infection prevention and control measures for all countries including every state and region within the country.
{"title":"Barriers to Healthcare Workers to Adhere to Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines","authors":"M. Ishaq","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.720","url":null,"abstract":"Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines play an important role to stop or slow down the spread of communicable/contagious diseases. The national guidelines provide safety not only to the patient but also the healthcare providers and environment. World health organization (WHO) provided complete guidelines for the infection prevention and control measures for all countries including every state and region within the country.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124116132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.663
Ubaidullah, Mansoor Alam, Tahir Muhammad, Muhammad Usman, Shafiq Ahmad, Zakirullah
Background: Nasal obstruction has many causes and can range from mild feeling unwell to a life-threatening condition. Deviated nasal septum is the most common cause of nasal obstruction, which mostly occur due to trauma. Septoplasty is a corrective surgical procedure to straighten the nasal septum.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of septoplasty in relieving nasal obstruction in patients presenting with deviated nasal septum.Materials and Methods: This prospective case series study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar (a tertiary healthcare center of Pakistan) from January 2019 to June 2019. Data regarding age, gender, duration of symptoms and effectiveness of septoplasty was gathered. Results: The mean age of our patients was 30. 62% patients were male and 38% patients were female. Mean duration was of symptoms was 2 years. Septoplasty was effective in 80% patients and was not effective in 20% patients. No significant relationship was identified with age, gender and duration of symptoms.Conclusion: Our study concludes that septoplasty was effective in 80% patients in relieving nasal obstruction in patients presenting with deviated nasal septum.Key Words: Septoplasty, Nasal obstruction, deviated nasal septum.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Septoplasty in Releiving Nasal Obstruction in Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum","authors":"Ubaidullah, Mansoor Alam, Tahir Muhammad, Muhammad Usman, Shafiq Ahmad, Zakirullah","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.663","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nasal obstruction has many causes and can range from mild feeling unwell to a life-threatening condition. Deviated nasal septum is the most common cause of nasal obstruction, which mostly occur due to trauma. Septoplasty is a corrective surgical procedure to straighten the nasal septum.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of septoplasty in relieving nasal obstruction in patients presenting with deviated nasal septum.Materials and Methods: This prospective case series study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar (a tertiary healthcare center of Pakistan) from January 2019 to June 2019. Data regarding age, gender, duration of symptoms and effectiveness of septoplasty was gathered. Results: The mean age of our patients was 30. 62% patients were male and 38% patients were female. Mean duration was of symptoms was 2 years. Septoplasty was effective in 80% patients and was not effective in 20% patients. No significant relationship was identified with age, gender and duration of symptoms.Conclusion: Our study concludes that septoplasty was effective in 80% patients in relieving nasal obstruction in patients presenting with deviated nasal septum.Key Words: Septoplasty, Nasal obstruction, deviated nasal septum.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127730265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.687
Muhammad Suliman, Muhammad Sohail, Maryam Shaheen, Ubaid Ur Rehman
Nursing is a healing art which goes all the way through the ages of enduring pain and has now emerged in integration and recursivity. All the theorists attempted to guide nursing practice in the light of theory and theory practice integration is not just a hard sell but a compassionate and empathetic caring and healing relationship. Nightingale stressed on clean environment which improves healing, Watson's Caritas stated that attainment of higher level of harmony potentiates healing, while Newman emphasized on the expanding consciousness of self-healing art. Among these integration approaches, the meta-theory of Complexity Integration Nursing Theory (CINT) provides a diverse and substantial platform for care. This is a review paper/commentary proposing a philosophy of nursing for nurses, extracted from one of the meta-theory of nursing (CINT) to guide and be incorporated in nursing practice. Keywords: Philosophy, nursing meta-theory, healing, CINT
{"title":"A Proposed Philosophy of Nursing in the light of Nursing Metatheory","authors":"Muhammad Suliman, Muhammad Sohail, Maryam Shaheen, Ubaid Ur Rehman","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.687","url":null,"abstract":"Nursing is a healing art which goes all the way through the ages of enduring pain and has now emerged in integration and recursivity. All the theorists attempted to guide nursing practice in the light of theory and theory practice integration is not just a hard sell but a compassionate and empathetic caring and healing relationship. Nightingale stressed on clean environment which improves healing, Watson's Caritas stated that attainment of higher level of harmony potentiates healing, while Newman emphasized on the expanding consciousness of self-healing art. Among these integration approaches, the meta-theory of Complexity Integration Nursing Theory (CINT) provides a diverse and substantial platform for care. This is a review paper/commentary proposing a philosophy of nursing for nurses, extracted from one of the meta-theory of nursing (CINT) to guide and be incorporated in nursing practice. Keywords: Philosophy, nursing meta-theory, healing, CINT","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121591077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.688
Muhammad Bilal, G. Shaheen, Attaullah Khan, T. Khan, M. Nazir, Mohammad Tayyab Ahmad, Mohammad Hashir Ahmad, Zahoor Ahmed
Background: Hepatitis C infection is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Six genotypes have been identified up till now. The most prevalent is genotype 3 in Pakistan. However, literature has shown variations among different regions in the prevalence of different genotypes. Objective: The Purpose of this study was to determine what is the prevalence of most common genotype of hepatitis C in the Peshawar district of KPK, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2020 at Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Those patients whose blood sample turned out positive for Anti-HCV antibodies then underwent to PCR for HCV RNA. By using ROTOR Gene TM technique Genotype was found out. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 18. Results: A total of 776 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, aged between 12 to 65 years, were included in this study, out of which 413 (53.22%) and 363 (46.78%) were males and females respectively. Regarding HCV genotyping; 388 (50.0%) were type 3a, 28 (3.60%) 3b, 117 (15.07%) type 2a, 22 (2.83%) types 2b, 18(2.31%) type 1a and14 (1.80%) 1b. 17 (2.19%) patients mixed types 2a and 3b, 16 (2.10%) were combined3a and 3b and 156(20.1%) were un-type able. Conclusion: The most common genotype in population residing in Peshawar district is genotype 3a and the second most common genotype is genotype 2a. Key Words: HCV genotype, HCV-RNA, PIMC, PCR, ELSA, ROTOR Gene
{"title":"Frequency of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients at Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar","authors":"Muhammad Bilal, G. Shaheen, Attaullah Khan, T. Khan, M. Nazir, Mohammad Tayyab Ahmad, Mohammad Hashir Ahmad, Zahoor Ahmed","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.688","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C infection is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Six genotypes have been identified up till now. The most prevalent is genotype 3 in Pakistan. However, literature has shown variations among different regions in the prevalence of different genotypes. \u0000Objective: The Purpose of this study was to determine what is the prevalence of most common genotype of hepatitis C in the Peshawar district of KPK, Pakistan. \u0000Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2020 at Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Those patients whose blood sample turned out positive for Anti-HCV antibodies then underwent to PCR for HCV RNA. By using ROTOR Gene TM technique Genotype was found out. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 18. \u0000Results: A total of 776 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, aged between 12 to 65 years, were included in this study, out of which 413 (53.22%) and 363 (46.78%) were males and females respectively. Regarding HCV genotyping; 388 (50.0%) were type 3a, 28 (3.60%) 3b, 117 (15.07%) type 2a, 22 (2.83%) types 2b, 18(2.31%) type 1a and14 (1.80%) 1b. 17 (2.19%) patients mixed types 2a and 3b, 16 (2.10%) were combined3a and 3b and 156(20.1%) were un-type able. \u0000Conclusion: The most common genotype in population residing in Peshawar district is genotype 3a and the second most common genotype is genotype 2a. \u0000Key Words: HCV genotype, HCV-RNA, PIMC, PCR, ELSA, ROTOR Gene \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133142856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.555
Atif Ihsan, Sajjad Ali, Sher Bahadur Khan, Sanjay Gandhi
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of various cardiovascular risk factors. Patients having Metabolic syndrome in association with ischemic heart disease tend to have more comorbidities and worse hospital course. Objective: To assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients who sustained acute myocardial infarction without prior history of acute coronary events. Marerial and Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study, conducted after ethical approval from institutional research board and ethical committee, at cardiology department of Qazi Hussain Ahmad medical complex Nowshera from 5th August 2020 st to 20th March 2021. Patients presenting with 1 ever episode of acute myocardial infarction were recruited into the study. 195 patients were recruited into the present study using WHO sample size calculator. Results: Among 195 patients with acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) had metabolic syndrome. Frequency of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age (57.8% vs 31.5% vs 10.5%; p=0.043). There was a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension (32.5% vs 67.5%; p=0.017), diabetes (35.9% vs 64.1%; p=0.027), elevated plasma triglycerides (30.7% vs 69.3%; p=0.047), low HDL cholesterol (36.8% vs 63.2%; p=0.003) and abdominal obesity (28.9% vs 71.1%; p=0.001) among the group of acute MI patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to those who had no metabolic syndrome. The difference in the frequency of MetS among male and females (59.6% vs 41.4%; p=0.56) was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Among patients who had sustained acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) patients were found to have Metabolic Syndrome. Key Words: Abdominal obesity, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease.
背景:代谢综合征是多种心血管危险因素的集合。伴有缺血性心脏病的代谢综合征患者往往有更多的合并症和更差的住院病程。目的:评估无急性冠状动脉事件史的急性心肌梗死患者代谢综合征的发生频率。材料和方法:这是一项横断面描述性研究，经机构研究委员会和伦理委员会的伦理批准后，于2020年8月5日至2021年3月20日在Qazi Hussain Ahmad医疗综合体Nowshera的心脏病科进行。有一次急性心肌梗死发作的患者被纳入研究。使用WHO样本量计算器，195名患者被纳入本研究。结果:195例急性心肌梗死患者中，58.5% (n=114)有代谢综合征。代谢综合征发生频率随年龄增加而增加(57.8% vs 31.5% vs 10.5%;p = 0.043)。高血压患病率显著增加(32.5% vs 67.5%;P =0.017)，糖尿病(35.9% vs 64.1%;P =0.027)，血浆甘油三酯升高(30.7% vs 69.3%;p=0.047)，低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(36.8% vs 63.2%;P =0.003)和腹部肥胖(28.9% vs 71.1%;p=0.001)，与无代谢综合征的急性心肌梗死患者相比。男性和女性met发生频率的差异(59.6% vs 41.4%;P =0.56)，差异无统计学意义。结论:在持续急性心肌梗死患者中，58.5% (n=114)的患者存在代谢综合征。关键词:腹部肥胖，心肌梗死，冠状动脉疾病。
{"title":"Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients who Sustained Acute Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Atif Ihsan, Sajjad Ali, Sher Bahadur Khan, Sanjay Gandhi","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.555","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of various cardiovascular risk factors. Patients having Metabolic syndrome in association with ischemic heart disease tend to have more comorbidities and worse hospital course. Objective: To assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients who sustained acute myocardial infarction without prior history of acute coronary events. \u0000Marerial and Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study, conducted after ethical approval from institutional research board and ethical committee, at cardiology department of Qazi Hussain Ahmad medical complex Nowshera from 5th August 2020 st to 20th March 2021. Patients presenting with 1 ever episode of acute myocardial infarction were recruited into the study. 195 patients were recruited into the present study using WHO sample size calculator. \u0000Results: Among 195 patients with acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) had metabolic syndrome. Frequency of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age (57.8% vs 31.5% vs 10.5%; p=0.043). There was a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension (32.5% vs 67.5%; p=0.017), diabetes (35.9% vs 64.1%; p=0.027), elevated plasma triglycerides (30.7% vs 69.3%; p=0.047), low HDL cholesterol (36.8% vs 63.2%; p=0.003) and abdominal obesity (28.9% vs 71.1%; p=0.001) among the group of acute MI patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to those who had no metabolic syndrome. The difference in the frequency of MetS among male and females (59.6% vs 41.4%; p=0.56) was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Among patients who had sustained acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) patients were found to have Metabolic Syndrome. Key Words: Abdominal obesity, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114265580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.571
Shahzad Ahmad, Khatra Wahid, Gulsanga Ayub, Parkha Jabbar Khan, Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan, Owais Ali
Background: Stroke is that the world's leading reason for death and major incapacity. Arterial sclerosis is answerable for over half of all ischemic strokes. Plaque morphology has recently been discovered to assist within the prediction of arterial sclerosis, Clinical behaviour and stroke risk.Objective: To guage the frequency and diagnostic exactitude of artery Doppler imaging pathology detection to arterial blood vessel pathology.Material and Methods: Study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar from1st August 2019 to 31st March 2020. A total of 120 patients were consecutively selected. The inclusion criteria were all the patients having ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports.Results: Age range in this study was from 30-80 years with mean age of 63.07±3.76 years. Mean duration of disease was 1 Years ±3.32 months. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasoundis 89.5%, 76.20%, 45.5%, 93.88% and 76.9% respectively.Conclusion: With the advancement in technology, the accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis has significantly improved over the decades. From measuring the narrowing carotid artery diameter to evaluating the increased velocity field near the obstruction/lesion site, the identification of additional parameters to characterize plaque vulnerability has become more important in the carotid artery. Via various imaging modalities, the use of computer-aided programmes has increased the sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis.Key Words: Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity, Specificity
{"title":"Validity of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound for Detection of Caroted Stenosis keeping Computed Tomography Sensitivity as Gold Standard","authors":"Shahzad Ahmad, Khatra Wahid, Gulsanga Ayub, Parkha Jabbar Khan, Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan, Owais Ali","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2022.12.2.571","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is that the world's leading reason for death and major incapacity. Arterial sclerosis is answerable for over half of all ischemic strokes. Plaque morphology has recently been discovered to assist within the prediction of arterial sclerosis, Clinical behaviour and stroke risk.Objective: To guage the frequency and diagnostic exactitude of artery Doppler imaging pathology detection to arterial blood vessel pathology.Material and Methods: Study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar from1st August 2019 to 31st March 2020. A total of 120 patients were consecutively selected. The inclusion criteria were all the patients having ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports.Results: Age range in this study was from 30-80 years with mean age of 63.07±3.76 years. Mean duration of disease was 1 Years ±3.32 months. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasoundis 89.5%, 76.20%, 45.5%, 93.88% and 76.9% respectively.Conclusion: With the advancement in technology, the accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis has significantly improved over the decades. From measuring the narrowing carotid artery diameter to evaluating the increased velocity field near the obstruction/lesion site, the identification of additional parameters to characterize plaque vulnerability has become more important in the carotid artery. Via various imaging modalities, the use of computer-aided programmes has increased the sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis.Key Words: Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity, Specificity","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121717553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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