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Population growth and urban development Al-Salt city: النمو السكاني والتنمية الحضرية في مدينة السلط 人口增长和城市发展Al-Salt城市:النموالسكانيوالتنميةالحضريةفيمدينةالسلط
Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.26389/ajsrp.b110120
Mohammad Wishah Abedel Kareem Wishah
The research aimed to study the phenomenon of population growth and its impact on urban development in Population growth and urban development Al-Salt city, through studying the relationship between them, and the research followed the historical and analytical approach. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a great relationship between population growth and urban growth in the various governorates and regions, as population growth leads to an increase in the size of urban centers. The results of the 2015 census showed that the total population in Al-Salt city was (99,890) people; of whom (52095) were males, i.e. (52.1%), and (47,795) were female (47.9%), and the gender ratio reached (108) Male to every hundred females; this percentage corresponds to the global proportion. Moreover, the results showed that the Jordanian and non- Jordanian community residing in Al-Salt city is a young community, as the number of people between the ages of (15- 64) years reached about (66214) people with (66.3%) of the population Al-Salt city city. As well as, Al-Salt city has expanded as a result of the increase in the population, its area increased from (3.2 km2 in 1952) to (35.99 km2 in 1994), and it reached to (80 km2 in 2015). Furthermore, there is only one Hospital at Al-Salt city, King Hussein Hospital, and serves more than (156260). Finally, the number of government schools in the city of Salt has reached 43 schools in 2015 distributed over the different neighbourhoods of the city.
本研究旨在通过研究人口增长与城市发展之间的关系,研究盐城人口增长现象及其对城市发展的影响,并遵循历史分析方法进行研究。这项研究取得了若干结果,其中最重要的是,在各省和各区域,人口增长与城市增长之间存在着很大的关系,因为人口增长导致城市中心规模的增加。2015年人口普查结果显示,盐城总人口为99890人;其中男性52095人,占52.1%,女性47795人,占47.9%,性别比达到108:100;这个百分比与全球比例相符。此外,结果表明,居住在al盐城的约旦人和非约旦人社区是一个年轻的社区,年龄在(15- 64)岁之间的人数约为(66214)人,占al盐城人口的(66.3%)。随着人口的增加,盐城的面积也在不断扩大,从1952年的(3.2 km2)增加到1994年的(35.99 km2),到2015年的(80 km2)。此外,盐城只有一家医院,即侯赛因国王医院,服务人数超过156260人。最后,2015年盐城的公立学校数量达到43所,分布在城市的不同街区。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership and Post-Conflict State Rebuilding: Iraq after 2003: Case Study: القيادة وإعادة بناء الدولة ما بعد الصراع: العراق بعد العام 2003: دراسة حالة 恐怖主义与恐怖主义的威胁:2003年的经验:领导能力和冲突后国家重建:2003年以后的伊拉克:案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.26389/ajsrp.e290120
Inass Abdulsada Ali, Sana Kadhim Qati, Batool Husa
The Iraqi political and social arena was characterized, subjectively and objectively, by the weakness of leadership building. This has led to a leadership crisis, reflected in the outcome of the quality of the process of rebuilding the state in Iraq. Thus, this building process lacked the simplest requirements and conditions of success. It also suffered from a major and obvious failure, the leadership crisis was one of its causes, as the situation in Iraq has raised conflict leaders, not building leaders, and this confirms the existence of a cultural crisis in the production of conscious, aware leadership and compatible with democratic action. Using the methodology of moving from general to private, based on descriptive and analytical approaches, the paper considered studying the themes of the research, leadership - state building - the role of leadership in state-building, separately and linking each theme at the end of it to the Iraqi context. The weakness of the leadership in Iraq is reflected in a series of sustainable crises that are in need of radical solutions, in accordance with long-term strategic plans, especially in the absence of building visions and predominance of self-interest, along with the impact of social reality on leadership practices, which had an impact on the state-building.
伊拉克政治和社会舞台在主观上和客观上的特点是领导建设薄弱。这导致了一场领导危机,反映在伊拉克国家重建进程质量的结果上。因此,这个建设过程缺乏成功的最简单的要求和条件。它还遭受了重大和明显的失败,领导危机是其原因之一,因为伊拉克的局势产生了冲突领导人,而不是建立领导人,这证实了在产生有意识的、有意识的领导和与民主行动相容的文化危机的存在。采用从一般到私人的方法,基于描述性和分析性的方法,论文考虑分别研究研究的主题,领导-国家建设-领导在国家建设中的作用,并在最后将每个主题与伊拉克背景联系起来。伊拉克领导层的弱点反映在一系列需要根据长期战略计划彻底解决的可持续危机中,特别是在缺乏建设愿景和以自身利益为主导的情况下,以及社会现实对领导实践的影响,这对国家建设产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Report on Appraisal of Public Finance Management of Ghana andMalawi 加纳与马拉维公共财政管理评估比较报告
Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.02.02
To assist with assessment and improvement in Public Finance management (PFM), the 2016 Public ExpenditureFinancial Accountability (PEFA) was used to measure 2018 PFM performance of all countries. This report comparesand assesses the 2018 PFM performance of Ghana and Malawi. A detailed assessment of performance in terms of theseven pillars of the PFM system was done which provided analysis and measurement of results in terms of the 31performance indicators (PIs) of PFM performance. Assessing all the seven (7) pillars with their indicators anddimensions together, it was realized that on an ordinal scale, Malawi’s PFM performance is higher than that of Ghana.Thus, Malawi is appraised with having a higher PFM performance than Ghana. It is therefore recommended thatfurther investigation is done to identify the loopholes and leakages in the PFM of Ghana and duly sealed for thecountry’s PFM to be more reliable.
为了协助评估和改进公共财政管理,2016年公共支出财务问责制(PEFA)用于衡量所有国家2018年公共财政管理的绩效。本报告比较和评估了加纳和马拉维2018年的减贫基金绩效。根据PFM系统的七个支柱进行了详细的绩效评估,并根据PFM性能的31个绩效指标(pi)对结果进行了分析和测量。综合评估所有七(7)个支柱的指标和维度,人们意识到,在序数尺度上,马拉维的PFM表现高于加纳。因此,马拉维被评价具有比加纳更高的PFM绩效。因此,建议进行进一步调查,以确定加纳PFM的漏洞和泄漏,并适当密封,使该国的PFM更加可靠。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership Management and Control of Local Government in Nigeria for GrassrootDevelopment 尼日利亚基层发展的地方政府领导管理和控制
Pub Date : 2020-02-21 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.10
Local government administration in Nigeria, as the third tier of government, has been bedevilled with so many challengesdespite series of reforms. These challenges were adduced to emanate for lack of proper administrative management and controlas leadership is believed to be the cornerstone of the system’s effective and responsible grass-root development. Thus, this paperwas informed to examine the various types of leadership styles operating in organizations as well as the local governments inthe country. This was done using sources of data such as journal articles, newspapers and textbooks related to local governmentadministration in Nigeria. It is, therefore a descriptive study that relied on secondary data sources. The paper revealed the formsof leadership styles and their challenges inhibiting efficient service delivery to the people at the grassroot level of governancein Nigeria. It concluded that the challenges are institutional and attitudinal in nature which could be addressed if there is thepolitical will by the leaders of the local governments. It recommended a democratized local government leadership system toallow both the leaders and the subordinate to ventilate their administrative opinions in making decisions which affect the ruralpopulace at the grassroot levels.
尼日利亚地方政府作为三级政府,尽管进行了一系列改革,但仍面临诸多挑战。这些挑战是由于缺乏适当的行政管理和控制而产生的,因为人们认为领导是联合国系统有效和负责任的基层发展的基石。因此,这篇论文被告知要检查各种类型的领导风格在组织中运作,以及在国家的地方政府。这项工作是利用与尼日利亚地方政府管理有关的期刊文章、报纸和教科书等数据来源完成的。因此,这是一项依赖二手数据来源的描述性研究。本文揭示了领导风格的形式及其在尼日利亚基层治理中阻碍向人民提供有效服务的挑战。报告的结论是,这些挑战本质上是制度性和态度性的,如果地方政府领导人有政治意愿,这些挑战是可以解决的。它建议建立民主的地方政府领导制度,使领导和下属在影响基层农村群众的决策中都能发表行政意见。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Role and Challenges of Ethical Values to Impart Good Governance: The Case of Dessie Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia 探讨道德价值观在传授善治中的作用和挑战:以埃塞俄比亚南沃罗的德西镇为例
Pub Date : 2020-02-13 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.09
Yimer Ali
The objectives of the study was to assess the role and challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance. Forthis study the data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of information was gatheredthrough questionnaire and interviews whereas secondary data gathered from different types of documentaries, published materialsand internet websites resources. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted by using tables and percentages. As the studyrevealed, the overall objective of good governance is to ensure good conduct with the concern for values, practices and behavior.These values are inculcated in an individual by his/her parents, teachers, religion, society and the environmental of work place.The essential duty of governance principles is to effectively and equitably implement ethical values of the society. Hence, itdemands highly competent, well administration, participatory and good deal of sound policy formulation and distinct citizenorientation. The promotion of ethical values in good governance implies legality of government action; rationality in policy anddecision making; evolving a sense of responsibility; creating excellence; facilitating spirit of individual and organizational goals;developing responsiveness; protecting the national interests; and bringing and elevating integrity. The study identified the roleand challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance in Dessie Town. It is recommended by the researcherthat the officials and religious institutions must give high consideration to ethical values and principles for realization of goodgovernance in the study area.
这项研究的目的是评估实现道德价值观在促进善治方面的作用和挑战。在这项研究中,数据从主要和次要来源收集。主要的信息来源是通过问卷调查和访谈来收集的,而次要的数据则是从不同类型的纪录片、出版材料和互联网网站资源中收集的。收集到的数据通过表格和百分比进行分析和解释。正如研究显示的那样,良好治理的总体目标是确保良好的行为,关注价值观、实践和行为。这些价值观是通过他/她的父母、老师、宗教、社会和工作环境灌输给个人的。治理原则的本质职责是有效、公平地实施社会伦理价值。因此,它需要高度的能力、良好的管理、参与性和大量健全的政策制定以及明确的公民导向。在善治中提倡伦理价值意味着政府行为的合法性;政策和决策的合理性;培养责任感;创造卓越;促进个人和组织目标的精神;发展响应能力;维护国家利益;带来并提升正直。该研究确定了在德西镇实现道德价值观在促进善治方面的作用和挑战。研究者建议官员和宗教机构必须高度重视伦理价值和原则,以实现研究地区的善治。
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引用次数: 1
Arab American Women Writers Defending Their Identities 阿拉伯裔美国女作家捍卫自己的身份
Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.08
This paper addresses the issue of assimilation and identity as seen through some work that is written by Arab American womenwriters. The paper provides a brief history of Arab American immigration to USA. It primarily, examines three Arab Americanwriters and highlights their impact on the American culture. The paper explores the three writers’ impact on the literature onshowing assimilation and identity conflict as Arab women born, raised or lived in America. This paper explores some of theirwork to examine how they tackle the issue of race, identity, and ethnicity in their work. The three Arab American writers thispaper studies are Diana Abu Jaber, Leila Ahmad, and Naomi Shihab Nye. Finally, this paper argues whether Arab Americanwomen writers manage to achieve the assimilation and whether they utilize the issue of their identity in what they have writtenas fictional and nonfictional work.
本文通过一些阿拉伯裔美国女性作家的作品来探讨同化和身份问题。本文简要介绍了阿拉伯裔美国人移民美国的历史。它主要考察了三位阿拉伯裔美国作家,并强调了他们对美国文化的影响。本文探讨了三位作家对在美国出生、成长或生活的阿拉伯女性的同化和身份冲突的文学影响。本文探讨了他们的一些工作,以研究他们如何在工作中处理种族、身份和民族问题。本文研究的三位阿拉伯裔美国作家是Diana Abu Jaber, Leila Ahmad和Naomi Shihab Nye。最后,本文讨论了阿拉伯裔美国女作家是否成功地实现了同化,以及她们是否在小说和非小说作品中利用了她们的身份问题。
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引用次数: 0
Domestic Violence – Can We Combat the Crime of Domestic Violence? 家庭暴力-我们能打击家庭暴力罪行吗?
Pub Date : 2020-02-05 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.07
Luuk L. Westerhof
Domestic violence is put together by patterns of behaviors used in a desperate attempt to gain and maintain power and controlover another human being within the context of a relationship, mostly a love and- or intimate relationship. From this perspectivedomestic violence does not discriminate, it can happen to anyone. Domestic violence is a huge global problem and affect peoplefrom all levels of society, socioeconomic, cultural, educational, emotional etc. Domestic violence is exercised both physically,sexually, materially, psychologically, latent and as counter abuse. Societal institutions like CPS (Child Protective Services) andprison represents to certain degree an unclearness due to the fact that they both exercise the implementation of sanctions, helpand therapy. CPS and prisons strip people from their autonomy, the right to self-determination, work and children (indirectly,of course), they cooperate with district attorneys, prosecutors, prison and secret services – creating ambiguous roles who aredifficult to handle. In this article I will attempt to describe what abuse is, its nature, how to recognize domestic violence and howwe can meet people that experience domestic abuse. How can we help people that have been subjected to domestic violence from acollaborative approach? There are many interpretations on the subject of domestic violence, and I will by no means postulate thatmy version is an exhaustive one, it’s just one way at looking at the subject hoping that it will contribute to a greater awareness on thetopic, and contribute to a more extensive development of skills enabling us to combat the crime of domestic violence, successfully.
家庭暴力是由一种行为模式组合而成的,这种行为模式是在一种关系的背景下,在爱情或亲密关系中,人们绝望地试图获得和维持权力,并控制另一个人。从这个角度来看,家庭暴力没有歧视,它可能发生在任何人身上。家庭暴力是一个巨大的全球性问题,影响着社会各个层面的人,包括社会经济、文化、教育、情感等方面。家庭暴力包括身体暴力、性暴力、物质暴力、心理暴力、潜在暴力和反虐待。像CPS(儿童保护服务)和监狱这样的社会机构在一定程度上代表了一种不确定性,因为它们都在实施制裁、帮助和治疗。CPS和监狱剥夺了人们的自治权、自决权、工作权和儿童权(当然是间接的),他们与地区检察官、检察官、监狱和秘密机构合作——创造了难以处理的模糊角色。在这篇文章中,我将尝试描述什么是虐待,它的性质,如何认识家庭暴力,以及我们如何与遭受家庭暴力的人见面。我们如何通过合作的方式帮助遭受家庭暴力的人?关于家庭暴力的问题有很多解释,我绝不认为我的解释是详尽的,这只是看待这个问题的一种方式,希望它能有助于提高对这个问题的认识,并有助于更广泛地发展技能,使我们能够成功地打击家庭暴力犯罪。
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引用次数: 0
Essence as a Fundamental Concept of Explaining and Understanding Reality 本质是解释和理解实在的基本概念
Pub Date : 2020-01-24 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.05
According to Aristotle, the “essence” or “substance” of a thing, concept, change or natural phenomenon, of an entity in general,expresses the identity, the fundamental quality of the entity, “the what”, that makes the entity what it fundamentally is. Thus,intrinsically embodied in Aristotle’s onto-theological “Metaphysics”, and connected with the Platonic world of ideas, and idealforms, the “essence” or “substance” of a thing was, thus, considered unalterable and eternal. The concept of essence wasnot particularly popular in progressive times due to its controversial nature, as it carried different meanings in the history ofmodern and post-modern philosophy and was loaded with this metaphysical legacy. Although not entirely rejected in the EarlyModernity, the total rejection of “essence” mainly occurs with the philosophical currents of the Enlightenment, Positivism andLogical Positivism, as well the philosophy of Pragmatism, in the modern and post-modern era. Indeed, modern and post-modernempiristic, positivistic, utilitarian, relativistic and pragmatic world-views, seem to totally reject metaphysics and essentialism, instudying reality and all issues interwoven with reality, in all fields. Essence, historically and epistemologically closely connectedwith Aristotle's causality theory should be interpreted and understood, along with its unalterable characteristic, in a modified,alterable way, so that it can also be used, by empiricists, positivists and progressive spirits, to explain and understand reality,while searching the first causes and fundamental features of things, concepts and any kind of phenomena. Based on literature,and giving some characteristic examples from the field of socioeconomic, environmental and natural science, this paper provesthe necessity of the concept of essence in explaining and understanding reality.
根据亚里士多德的观点,事物,概念,变化或自然现象的"本质"或"实质"一般来说,一个实体的"本质"或"实质"表达了这个实体的同一性,这个实体的基本品质,"是什么",是什么使这个实体成为它的本质。因此,事物的“本质”或“实体”,在亚里士多德的本体论的“形而上学”中得到了内在的体现,并与柏拉图的理念世界和理想形式联系在一起,因而被认为是不变的和永恒的。本质概念由于其争议性,在进步时代并不是特别流行,因为它在现代和后现代哲学史上具有不同的含义,并且承载着这种形而上学的遗产。对“本质”的全盘否定虽然在早期现代性中并没有被完全否定,但主要发生在近代和后现代的启蒙哲学思潮、实证主义和逻辑实证主义哲学思潮以及实用主义哲学思潮中。事实上,现代和后现代经验主义、实证主义、功利主义、相对主义和实用主义的世界观,在研究现实以及与现实交织在一起的所有问题时,在所有领域似乎都完全拒绝形而上学和本质主义。本质,在历史上和认识论上与亚里士多德的因果理论密切相关,应该以一种修正的、可改变的方式来解释和理解本质及其不可改变的特征,以便经验主义者、实证主义者和进步精神也可以用它来解释和理解现实,同时寻找事物、概念和任何一种现象的最初原因和基本特征。本文在文献资料的基础上,结合社会经济、环境和自然科学等领域的典型案例,论证了本质概念在解释和理解现实中的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Are Spiritual-Humans Special Enough to Engage in Transhumanism? 精神人类是否特别到足以从事超人类主义?
Pub Date : 2020-01-23 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.04
The transcended mind and brain in its transhumanist environment for spiritual-humans-Hope, in an age of technologicalenhancement. Today human technologies are largely limited to prescription drugs and surgery. However, research is underwayon new exotic technologies such as nanotechnology, information technology, cell regeneration, and implantable devices thatinteract directly with the brain. Any one of these fields may lead to a far more powerful way to expand human powers, augmenthuman capacities, and arguably at least, enhance human lives.
在一个技术进步的时代,精神人类的超人类主义环境中超越了思想和大脑。今天,人类的技术在很大程度上仅限于处方药和手术。然而,新的外来技术的研究正在进行中,如纳米技术、信息技术、细胞再生和直接与大脑互动的植入式设备。这些领域中的任何一个都可能导致一种更强大的方式来扩展人类的力量,增强人类的能力,至少可以说,改善人类的生活。
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引用次数: 0
The Analysis of Limited South Asian Corporate Governance Standards afterFinancial Crisis-Cases in India and Malaysia 金融危机后南亚有限公司治理标准分析——以印度和马来西亚为例
Pub Date : 2020-01-16 DOI: 10.33140/jhss.03.01.03
After the recent global crisis, corporate scandals and bankruptcy in US and Europe, there is some certain evidence on weakcorporate governance, risk management and audit system. The 2009 India Code of Corporate Governance also revealed thatduring the crisis time, there are certain weaknesses although corporate structure is fairly durable. Hence, this paper chooses adifferent analytical approach and among its aims is to give some systematic opinions.First, it classifies limited South Asian representative corporate governance (CG) standards into each group: India and Malaysialatest CG principles covered, so-called relative good CG group, while it uses ACCA and OECD and ICGN principles as reference.Second, it , through analysis, identifies differences and advantages between above set of standards which are and have been usedas reference principles for many relevant organizations.Third, it establishes a selected comparative set of standards for South Asian representative corporate governance system inaccordance to international standards.Last but not least, this paper covers some ideas and policy suggestions.
在最近的全球金融危机之后,美国和欧洲的公司丑闻和破产,证明了公司治理,风险管理和审计制度的薄弱。2009年印度公司治理准则也显示,在危机时期,尽管公司结构相当持久,但仍存在某些弱点。因此,本文选择了一种不同的分析方法,其目的之一是给出一些系统的意见。首先,它将有限的南亚代表性公司治理(CG)标准分为每一组:印度和马来西亚最新的CG原则所涵盖的,所谓的相对较好的CG组,而它使用ACCA和经合组织和ICGN原则作为参考。其次,通过分析,找出上述标准之间的差异和优势,这些标准是并已被许多相关组织用作参考原则。第三,根据国际标准,建立了一套精选的南亚代表性公司治理体系比较标准。最后,本文提出了一些思路和政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Mizoram University Journal of Humanities Social Sciences
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