Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-46
Srimathi T
When Pierre Robin sequence is associated with many congenital abnormalities, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. As Pierre robin sequence can cause significant upper respiratory tract obstruction and aspiration pneumonia it needs detailed evaluation and early correction. Here we report a two years-old girl child with patent ductus arteriosus associated with cleft palate and tongue tie (Pierre Robbin sequence) who was promptly treated. This type of presentation is rare and important. A girl child with a Pierre robin sequence, associated with PDA was under follow-up since birth. The baby was mildly tachypnoeic & was started on diuretics at one month of age. Early closure of PDA with a device was done at 11 months of age. At the age of two years, corrective surgery was done for cleft palate, and tongue tie (Pierre Robin sequence). Pierre Robin sequence may be associated with congenital heart disease, like ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect in 20 percent of patients. If not treated, the airway obstruction can produce cardiac or respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, etc. Early diagnosis and timely intervention helps to alleviate the difficulties. Antenatal screening in high-risk mothers and early identification of the congenital anomaly are the only methods to detect and treat such congenital anomalies.
{"title":"Pierre robin sequence with patent ductus arteriosus: A case report","authors":"Srimathi T","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-46","url":null,"abstract":"When Pierre Robin sequence is associated with many congenital abnormalities, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. As Pierre robin sequence can cause significant upper respiratory tract obstruction and aspiration pneumonia it needs detailed evaluation and early correction. Here we report a two years-old girl child with patent ductus arteriosus associated with cleft palate and tongue tie (Pierre Robbin sequence) who was promptly treated. This type of presentation is rare and important. A girl child with a Pierre robin sequence, associated with PDA was under follow-up since birth. The baby was mildly tachypnoeic & was started on diuretics at one month of age. Early closure of PDA with a device was done at 11 months of age. At the age of two years, corrective surgery was done for cleft palate, and tongue tie (Pierre Robin sequence). Pierre Robin sequence may be associated with congenital heart disease, like ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect in 20 percent of patients. If not treated, the airway obstruction can produce cardiac or respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, etc. Early diagnosis and timely intervention helps to alleviate the difficulties. Antenatal screening in high-risk mothers and early identification of the congenital anomaly are the only methods to detect and treat such congenital anomalies.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49036018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-45
S. C, V. A, Amarnath Sb, Mohammad K, K. S., Sudhakar P
Neoplasms of paranasal sinuses account for 0.2-0.8% of all cancers and for 2-3% of head and neck cancers. Primary involvement of sphenoidal sinus is very rare and has been reported to occur only in 1-2% of all paranasal sinus tumors. Unlike neoplasms of other paranasal sinuses, tumors of sphenoid sinus most commonly cause headache, visual disturbances and cranial neuropathies. The most common histological types reported include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma. We describe a case of 17-years-old male who presented with headache and difficulty in eye movements. Magnetic resonance contrast study showed an enhancing mass in sphenoid sinus infiltrating to cavernous sinus. Endoscopic intranasal biopsy was done. The histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. He underwent chemoradiation. While undergoing treatment his vision got deteriorated. Follow-up Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracranial and intraorbital extension of disease. The purpose of presenting this case report is that very few cases are reported in the world literature so far of sphenoid malignancy in this age group.
{"title":"Carcinoma of sphenoid sinus in young individual - Case report","authors":"S. C, V. A, Amarnath Sb, Mohammad K, K. S., Sudhakar P","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-45","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasms of paranasal sinuses account for 0.2-0.8% of all cancers and for 2-3% of head and neck cancers. Primary involvement of sphenoidal sinus is very rare and has been reported to occur only in 1-2% of all paranasal sinus tumors. Unlike neoplasms of other paranasal sinuses, tumors of sphenoid sinus most commonly cause headache, visual disturbances and cranial neuropathies. The most common histological types reported include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma. We describe a case of 17-years-old male who presented with headache and difficulty in eye movements. Magnetic resonance contrast study showed an enhancing mass in sphenoid sinus infiltrating to cavernous sinus. Endoscopic intranasal biopsy was done. The histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. He underwent chemoradiation. While undergoing treatment his vision got deteriorated. Follow-up Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracranial and intraorbital extension of disease. The purpose of presenting this case report is that very few cases are reported in the world literature so far of sphenoid malignancy in this age group.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-37
S. B, Rao Rv
Studies have been carried out world over, to evaluate the role of albumin in lung cancer. However, limited studies which have addressed association of albumin with patient factors such as type of lung cancer, gender, performance status, stage, hemoglobin levels, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the association of albumin with these factors. Amongst the 100 lung cancer cases, 69 were adenocarcinoma, 16 squamous cell, 13 small cell and 2 adenosquamous and, value of albumin below 3.4gm/dl was taken as hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia was seen in 84% of small cell, 65% of adenocarcinoma, performance score (PS) of 1 - 47%, PS2- 61%, PS3- 75%, 65% of females, 61% of males, 70% of cases with symptoms less than 3 months duration, 41% of more than 3 months duration, 76% of stage IV, 13% of stage III, 68% of the males with anemia, 35% males with normal hemoglobin, 86% of females with anemia, and 14% with normal Hb. Lower albumin values co-relate with advanced disease and is considered as an adverse prognostic factor. However, this association is not absolute, as a significant number of patients without adverse features also have hypoalbuminemia. There are probably multiple roles of albumin in a cancer patient along with multiple factors effecting albumin levels whether treating hypoalbuminemia with albumin improve overall survival also need to be elucidated by further studies.
{"title":"Albumin and its association with lung cancer: An Indian perspective","authors":"S. B, Rao Rv","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-37","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been carried out world over, to evaluate the role of albumin in lung cancer. However, limited studies which have addressed association of albumin with patient factors such as type of lung cancer, gender, performance status, stage, hemoglobin levels, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the association of albumin with these factors. Amongst the 100 lung cancer cases, 69 were adenocarcinoma, 16 squamous cell, 13 small cell and 2 adenosquamous and, value of albumin below 3.4gm/dl was taken as hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia was seen in 84% of small cell, 65% of adenocarcinoma, performance score (PS) of 1 - 47%, PS2- 61%, PS3- 75%, 65% of females, 61% of males, 70% of cases with symptoms less than 3 months duration, 41% of more than 3 months duration, 76% of stage IV, 13% of stage III, 68% of the males with anemia, 35% males with normal hemoglobin, 86% of females with anemia, and 14% with normal Hb. Lower albumin values co-relate with advanced disease and is considered as an adverse prognostic factor. However, this association is not absolute, as a significant number of patients without adverse features also have hypoalbuminemia. There are probably multiple roles of albumin in a cancer patient along with multiple factors effecting albumin levels whether treating hypoalbuminemia with albumin improve overall survival also need to be elucidated by further studies.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45619768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-35
Amarnath Sb, Anthwal P, Vulava S, P. B
A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of various types of benign mucosal lesions of the larynx causing hoarseness and to review the role of demographic and etiological risk factors in relation to the benign mucosal lesions of the larynx. Patients with hoarseness presenting to the department of Otorhinolaryngology at our tertiary-care institute, from the month of January 2017 to June 2022 were evaluated by indirect video laryngoscopy followed by direct laryngoscopy with biopsy. A total of 30 patients with clinical evidence of a benign vocal cord lesion, above the age of 15 years were selected. A clinical and epidemiologic profile was formulated from the data obtained from these patients. Vocal nodules were the commonest type of benign lesions of the vocal fold, followed by vocal fold polyps. Overall, there was a slight male predominance with the maximum incidence in the age group 41-50 years. The most common risk factors were voice abuse and smoking and the less common were GERD, alcohol intake, fume exposure, and allergy. Lifestyle modifications like vocal hygiene, cessation of smoking, alcohol, and spicy food played an important role in significantly reducing the incidence of these benign vocal fold lesions.
{"title":"Micro laryngeal surgery for benign lesions of the larynx: our experience","authors":"Amarnath Sb, Anthwal P, Vulava S, P. B","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-35","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of various types of benign mucosal lesions of the larynx causing hoarseness and to review the role of demographic and etiological risk factors in relation to the benign mucosal lesions of the larynx. Patients with hoarseness presenting to the department of Otorhinolaryngology at our tertiary-care institute, from the month of January 2017 to June 2022 were evaluated by indirect video laryngoscopy followed by direct laryngoscopy with biopsy. A total of 30 patients with clinical evidence of a benign vocal cord lesion, above the age of 15 years were selected. A clinical and epidemiologic profile was formulated from the data obtained from these patients. Vocal nodules were the commonest type of benign lesions of the vocal fold, followed by vocal fold polyps. Overall, there was a slight male predominance with the maximum incidence in the age group 41-50 years. The most common risk factors were voice abuse and smoking and the less common were GERD, alcohol intake, fume exposure, and allergy. Lifestyle modifications like vocal hygiene, cessation of smoking, alcohol, and spicy food played an important role in significantly reducing the incidence of these benign vocal fold lesions.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-40
Naseema N, Ravindran D, S. T.
Background: Chronic otitis media is a condition commonly presenting with tympanic membrane perforation and resulting in conductive hearing loss. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the site and size of tympanic membrane perforation with the degree of hearing impairment in patients with inactive chronic otitis media of mucosal type. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study of 174 patients with tympanic membrane perforation at government medical college, Alappuzha from November 2017 to March 2019. Patients were enrolled based on history and clinical examination findings. Images obtained by otoendoscopy were analyzed by measuring the percentage area of membrane perforation in relation to total area of the tympanic membrane using adobe acrobat area tool. Degree of hearing loss was calculated by pure tone audiometry test and calculating the average hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. Results: The age distribution of patients ranged from 14 to 72 years with a mean age of 41.78years. Male to female ratio was 1.59:1. The degree of hearing loss increased as the size of the perforation increased which was statistically significant (p <0.001). Posterior quadrant perforations resulted in more hearing impairment than anterior quadrant perforations. Conclusion: The size of the tympanic membrane perforation is closely related to the degree of hearing loss and posterior quadrant perforations have more degree of hearing impairment than anterior quadrant perforations which signifies improvement in hearing in patients with chronic otitis media by reconstructive surgeries, especially for perforations involving the posterior quadrant.
{"title":"Relationship between size and site of tympanic membrane perforations and pure tone audiometry results","authors":"Naseema N, Ravindran D, S. T.","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic otitis media is a condition commonly presenting with tympanic membrane perforation and resulting in conductive hearing loss. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the site and size of tympanic membrane perforation with the degree of hearing impairment in patients with inactive chronic otitis media of mucosal type. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study of 174 patients with tympanic membrane perforation at government medical college, Alappuzha from November 2017 to March 2019. Patients were enrolled based on history and clinical examination findings. Images obtained by otoendoscopy were analyzed by measuring the percentage area of membrane perforation in relation to total area of the tympanic membrane using adobe acrobat area tool. Degree of hearing loss was calculated by pure tone audiometry test and calculating the average hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. Results: The age distribution of patients ranged from 14 to 72 years with a mean age of 41.78years. Male to female ratio was 1.59:1. The degree of hearing loss increased as the size of the perforation increased which was statistically significant (p <0.001). Posterior quadrant perforations resulted in more hearing impairment than anterior quadrant perforations. Conclusion: The size of the tympanic membrane perforation is closely related to the degree of hearing loss and posterior quadrant perforations have more degree of hearing impairment than anterior quadrant perforations which signifies improvement in hearing in patients with chronic otitis media by reconstructive surgeries, especially for perforations involving the posterior quadrant.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47950040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-38
Beg Ma, M. M, Andrabi Ss, Mir Is, Gulzar Gm, Zargar Sa
{"title":"Comparison of polyethylene glycol 3350 electrolyte solution and lactulose in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy: A retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Beg Ma, M. M, Andrabi Ss, Mir Is, Gulzar Gm, Zargar Sa","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-34
Naseem H, J. E., Thasnim S, I. A.
Introduction: Various inflammatory markers and laboratory parameters were identified as the predictors of severity and mortality in COVID -19 infection. However, the progression of inflammatory markers and their gender difference in COVID-19 deaths has not been extensively studied. The study aim was to analyze the progression of inflammatory markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in COVID-19 deaths, and analyzed the correlation between NLR, PLR and inflammatory markers. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study based on records was done on 104 patients who died due to COVID-19 infection. In addition to baseline investigations, NLR (Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio), PLR (Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio), ferritin, D-dimer and CRP (C reactive protein) was collected for all patients on day one, day three and day five. Results: Out of 104 patients, 68 were males and 36 were females. Mean NLR was 5.7, 7.3 & 7.5 on day one, three and five respectively. Mean PLR was 145.9, 166.6 and 173.7 on day one, three and five respectively. Mean CRP was 37.6mg/l, 51mg/l & 57.2mg/l, mean ferritin was 780.9ng/ml, 852.5ng/ml &1033ng/ml and mean D-dimer was 2373ng/ml, 3149ng/ml & 3686ng/ml on day one, three and five respectively. There was a strong positive correlation of NLR with ferritin (0.598), CRP (0.663) and D-dimer (0.53) on day one and on day five, but only a weakly positive correlation observed on day three. There was a negative correlation between PLR and inflammatory markers. No significant difference in the inflammatory markers and their progression was noted between males and females. Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study of 104 COVID-19 deaths, there was progressive increase of inflammatory markers. Serial measurements of inflammatory markers help in early identifications of patients who may deteriorate. Progression of NLR has strong correlation with inflammatory markers and could be used as a surrogate marker to prioritise treatment in resource limited settings.
{"title":"Dynamics of inflammatory markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 deaths","authors":"Naseem H, J. E., Thasnim S, I. A.","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Various inflammatory markers and laboratory parameters were identified as the predictors of severity and mortality in COVID -19 infection. However, the progression of inflammatory markers and their gender difference in COVID-19 deaths has not been extensively studied. The study aim was to analyze the progression of inflammatory markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in COVID-19 deaths, and analyzed the correlation between NLR, PLR and inflammatory markers. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study based on records was done on 104 patients who died due to COVID-19 infection. In addition to baseline investigations, NLR (Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio), PLR (Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio), ferritin, D-dimer and CRP (C reactive protein) was collected for all patients on day one, day three and day five. Results: Out of 104 patients, 68 were males and 36 were females. Mean NLR was 5.7, 7.3 & 7.5 on day one, three and five respectively. Mean PLR was 145.9, 166.6 and 173.7 on day one, three and five respectively. Mean CRP was 37.6mg/l, 51mg/l & 57.2mg/l, mean ferritin was 780.9ng/ml, 852.5ng/ml &1033ng/ml and mean D-dimer was 2373ng/ml, 3149ng/ml & 3686ng/ml on day one, three and five respectively. There was a strong positive correlation of NLR with ferritin (0.598), CRP (0.663) and D-dimer (0.53) on day one and on day five, but only a weakly positive correlation observed on day three. There was a negative correlation between PLR and inflammatory markers. No significant difference in the inflammatory markers and their progression was noted between males and females. Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study of 104 COVID-19 deaths, there was progressive increase of inflammatory markers. Serial measurements of inflammatory markers help in early identifications of patients who may deteriorate. Progression of NLR has strong correlation with inflammatory markers and could be used as a surrogate marker to prioritise treatment in resource limited settings.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-42
Rakshitha Hb, S. M, P. J.
Background: The spread of COVID-19 infection paved way to many admissions into hospitals worldwide exhausting the healthcare systems. A simple test for immediate stratification of risk in patients with infection by COVID 19 virus is important. Aim in this study was to know the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in determination of the severity of infection in COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute, Mandya. Clearance from Institutional Ethical committee was taken. Data from 108 COVID-19 infected hospitalized patients between April 2021 and June 2021 were collected retrospectively from hospital records. Patients in the study were grouped into two groups as Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Ward (Non ICU) patients, based on admission into ICU. The patient’s demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, medications used and investigations done initially during admission were noted from the hospital files for both groups. Chi-square test/ Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical outcomes. Statistical significance was noted if P value < 0.05. Results: Of 108 patients, 25 patients (23.15%) had ICU admission. Patients aged >55years had more ICU admission (44%) than non-ICU admissions (22.89%). In patients <55years non-ICU admissions were more (77.11%) compared to ICU admissions (56%). Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, high CRP values were seen more in patients in ICU than in ward and is significant statistically (p <0.05). High NLR values were seen in patients in ICU than in ward. Chi-square test is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased NLR predicts the severity of infection in patients infected with COVID-19 virus, who will require admission into ICUs. It can be used as a biomarker which can aid in identifying severe COVID 19 infection.
{"title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in infection with COVID-19 virus - A retrospective study","authors":"Rakshitha Hb, S. M, P. J.","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-42","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The spread of COVID-19 infection paved way to many admissions into hospitals worldwide exhausting the healthcare systems. A simple test for immediate stratification of risk in patients with infection by COVID 19 virus is important. Aim in this study was to know the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in determination of the severity of infection in COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute, Mandya. Clearance from Institutional Ethical committee was taken. Data from 108 COVID-19 infected hospitalized patients between April 2021 and June 2021 were collected retrospectively from hospital records. Patients in the study were grouped into two groups as Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Ward (Non ICU) patients, based on admission into ICU. The patient’s demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, medications used and investigations done initially during admission were noted from the hospital files for both groups. Chi-square test/ Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical outcomes. Statistical significance was noted if P value < 0.05. Results: Of 108 patients, 25 patients (23.15%) had ICU admission. Patients aged >55years had more ICU admission (44%) than non-ICU admissions (22.89%). In patients <55years non-ICU admissions were more (77.11%) compared to ICU admissions (56%). Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, high CRP values were seen more in patients in ICU than in ward and is significant statistically (p <0.05). High NLR values were seen in patients in ICU than in ward. Chi-square test is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased NLR predicts the severity of infection in patients infected with COVID-19 virus, who will require admission into ICUs. It can be used as a biomarker which can aid in identifying severe COVID 19 infection.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45888899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-41
Bahadur Br, Kodey P, Katari N
Introduction: Immediate postpartum period is when women are receptive to family planning counselling. Pregnancy within a year of the last delivery increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is one method which is safe and effective method for spacing and also for limiting pregnancy. This study was done to evaluate PPIUCD insertion for its awareness, acceptance, and expulsion. Materials and methods: All pregnant women were counselled regarding PPIUCD, and those willing were included in the study. Intrauterine contraceptive device used in this study was Cu-T 380A. It was inserted after delivery of the placenta after vaginal delivery and after caesarean section using sponge-holding forceps. They were asked to follow up after 6 weeks and 6 months of insertion. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS V22 software, and results were drawn. Results: From 1602 deliveries, 456 (28.46%) women accepted PPIUCD, and 36.32% (n=582) were aware of this method. 60.08% (n=274) had PPIUCD insertion after vaginal delivery and 39.91% (n=182) after caesarean section. The main reason for refusal was fear of bleeding (n=280) (26.81%). The most common complication seen was lower abdominal pain (11.62%). No case was reported with uterine perforation. Conclusion: This method has shown to be a very safe, effective and economical method for contraception. In India, where there is very little access to contraception during interval period and women do not return to the hospital for a postnatal check-up and contraceptive advice, this PPIUCD method is most beneficial.
{"title":"Evaluation of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device in terms of awareness, acceptance and expulsion","authors":"Bahadur Br, Kodey P, Katari N","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Immediate postpartum period is when women are receptive to family planning counselling. Pregnancy within a year of the last delivery increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is one method which is safe and effective method for spacing and also for limiting pregnancy. This study was done to evaluate PPIUCD insertion for its awareness, acceptance, and expulsion. Materials and methods: All pregnant women were counselled regarding PPIUCD, and those willing were included in the study. Intrauterine contraceptive device used in this study was Cu-T 380A. It was inserted after delivery of the placenta after vaginal delivery and after caesarean section using sponge-holding forceps. They were asked to follow up after 6 weeks and 6 months of insertion. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS V22 software, and results were drawn. Results: From 1602 deliveries, 456 (28.46%) women accepted PPIUCD, and 36.32% (n=582) were aware of this method. 60.08% (n=274) had PPIUCD insertion after vaginal delivery and 39.91% (n=182) after caesarean section. The main reason for refusal was fear of bleeding (n=280) (26.81%). The most common complication seen was lower abdominal pain (11.62%). No case was reported with uterine perforation. Conclusion: This method has shown to be a very safe, effective and economical method for contraception. In India, where there is very little access to contraception during interval period and women do not return to the hospital for a postnatal check-up and contraceptive advice, this PPIUCD method is most beneficial.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44565992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-33
Singhal S, Bhaskar N, K. A, Gaur M, Goyal Ml
Background: Vaginal dryness is common during and after menopause due to declining oestrogen, vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), up to about a year after delivery during breast feeding and in many other conditions. This can be distressing to painful for women and may cause discomfort and dyspareunia. This study was performed to evaluate the use and practicability of secretions of male bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) to alleviate the discomfort, dyspareunia or pain at sexual activity, because of inadequate lubrication of vagina. Method: When a healthy male is sexually aroused, Cowper's glands produce a mucous-like fluid called pre-ejaculate. This fluid is a clear, colourless, viscous, and salty liquid, which is emitted from the urethra of the penis. A lubrication free wet condom on penis during foreplay can prevent loss of these secretions during an extended foreplay and lubrication around penis due to these secretions can effectively serve as physiological lubricant during coitus. Result: This technique and secretion of Cowper’s glands are a good lubrication for dryness of vagina during coitus. Sexual function assessment revealed a marked improvement in all domains of sexual function to both partners. A physiological secretion being natural to the sexual act and providing motive for extending foreplay; it is arguably the best lubricant for coitus in situations of dry vagina. Conclusion: Supposedly the secretions may also help in reducing dose of HRT for menopause, extended foreplay adds to psychosexual benefits and a boost to sexual hormonal milieu.
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