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Role of the Clergy of Vilnius St. John’s Church in the Life of the City’s Beggars in the 18th Century 维尔纽斯圣约翰教堂神职人员在18世纪城市乞丐生活中的作用
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.50.4
Rūta Miškinytė
This paper examines an aspect of the functioning of the organization of Vilnius’ beggars that has not yet been sufficiently covered in the historiography: the role of the clergy of St. John’s Church in the life of the city’s beggars. This text focuses on the relationship between the clergy and the beggars during the 18th century. By using the personal documents of bishops, registers of the masses held in the church, and sources written by the beggars themselves or related to the aforementioned organization, it is shown that the clergy of Vilnius’ parish church not only took care of the spiritual needs of the beggars, but also looked after the finances of the organization and actively participated in its internal life, with their influence on the beggars manifesting itself in their personal relations with beggars beyond the scope of the organization.
本文考察了维尔纽斯乞丐组织运作的一个方面,这一方面在史学中尚未得到充分的涵盖:圣约翰教堂的神职人员在城市乞丐生活中的作用。本文着重探讨18世纪神职人员与乞丐之间的关系。通过使用主教的个人文件、教堂中持有的群众登记册以及乞丐自己写的或与上述组织有关的资料,表明维尔纽斯教区教堂的神职人员不仅照顾乞丐的精神需求,而且照顾组织的财务,积极参与组织的内部生活,他们对乞丐的影响表现在他们与组织范围之外的乞丐的个人关系上。
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引用次数: 0
A Symphony of Movement. Road Traffic Rules and Traffic Accidents in the First Republic of Lithuania 乐章交响曲。立陶宛第一共和国的道路交通规则和交通事故
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.4
Adomas Žirlys
The article examines the laws and rules governing traffic on streets and roads published in the First Republic of Lithuania, as well as statistical data on traffic accidents. Centralised legal regulation of traffic did not begin until the late 1930s, but within a short period of time three successive laws were published. In the mid-1930s, such a law regulated not only the movement of motor vehicles, but also all non-motorised vehicles and pedestrians. At the same time, statistics on road accidents began to be collected. It is clear from these statistics that, despite strict traffic regulation and sluggish motorisation, the number of accidents has steadily increased.
本文审查了立陶宛第一共和国公布的有关街道和道路交通的法律和规则,以及关于交通事故的统计数据。直到20世纪30年代末,交通的集中法律监管才开始,但在很短的时间内,相继出台了三项法律。在20世纪30年代中期,这样的法律不仅规范了机动车辆的移动,还规范了所有非机动车辆和行人。与此同时,道路交通事故的统计数据开始被收集起来。从这些统计数据中可以清楚地看出,尽管交通管制严格,机动化缓慢,但事故的数量仍在稳步增加。
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引用次数: 0
Left Transforming into Right: The Adoption and Interpretation of the Ideas of the Fluxus Movement in Lithuania in the Second Half of the 20th Century 左转右:20世纪下半叶立陶宛激浪派运动思想的采纳与解读
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.6
Dovilė Zubavičiūtė
The article examines how the ideas of the left-wing Fluxus movement were accepted and interpreted in Lithuania in the second half of the 20th century. The matter is that alongside unusual ways of artistic expression, the practices called fluxisms transcended the boundaries of the art field. The analysis has shown that the artistic actions and their content at that time, and especially in the 1980s and 1990s, were based on the quotation, adaptation, and use of Fluxus ideas in Lithuania. Freedom, experimentation, and performativity were intertwined with the political revival movement, the mood of national resistance, and the (self-)ironic relationship with the Soviet era. The ideas of the left avant-garde movement were understood and used for national cultural and political purposes during Lithuania’s revival.
本文考察了20世纪下半叶立陶宛左翼激浪派思想是如何被接受和解释的。问题是,除了不同寻常的艺术表现方式外,被称为流动主义的实践超越了艺术领域的界限。分析表明,立陶宛当时特别是80、90年代的艺术活动及其内容,都是基于对激浪派思想的引用、改编和运用。自由、实验和表演与政治复兴运动、民族抵抗情绪以及与苏联时代(自我)讽刺的关系交织在一起。在立陶宛复兴期间,左翼先锋运动的思想被理解并用于国家文化和政治目的。
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引用次数: 0
Opus magnum by Polish Historian on Vilnius University in the Interwar Period 波兰历史学家关于两次世界大战期间维尔纽斯大学的巨著
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.8
A. Kasperavičius
  
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引用次数: 0
History and Structure 历史与结构
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.7
Michel de Certeau, Vytautas Volungevicius
  „Histoire et structure“ (in Histoire et psychanalyse entre science et fiction) de Michel de Certeau © University of Minnesota Press, 1986 amerikietiškam leidimui; © Editions Gallimard, Paris, 1987 pirmajam prancūziškajam leidimui ir kitiems anglų kalba pasirodžiusiems leidimams; 2002 antrajam pataisytam ir papildytam leidimui „Un chemin non tracé“ par Luce Giard ir 2016 pasirodžiusiam pataisytam ir papildytam leidimui.
Michel de Certeau的《历史与结构》(科学与小说中的历史与心理分析)© 明尼苏达大学出版社,1986年美国许可证;© Gallimard版本,巴黎,1987年,第一次法语授权和其他英语授权;Luce Giard于2002年对“Un-chemin non-tracé”进行了第二次修订和补充授权,并于2016年修订和补充了授权。
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引用次数: 0
Lithuanian Partisan Warfare in Museums during the Soviet Occupation and after the Restoration of Independence 苏联占领期间和独立后博物馆中的立陶宛游击战
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.5
Aistė Petrauskienė
The Lithuanian partisan war of 1944–1953 left many unanswered questions, which began to be examined more objectively in Lithuania after the restoration of independence. However, during the Soviet period, this topic also received a lot of attention, albeit from the Soviet propaganda side. The subject of the partisan war is defined rather narrowly in the museums of the Lithuanian SSR and independent Lithuania, but the context goes well beyond the issue of museum exhibitions and displays. Abundant archival documents provide a rather interesting picture and allow us to analyse not only the changes of the topic itself in museums in the Soviet system, during the Revival and in independent Lithuania, but also to show it as a struggle for memory. After the end of the partisan war, this topic was not eliminated from public life. Particular attention has been given to the reinterpretation of information. The shift from military to ideological propaganda was initially reflected in practical decisions. At a time when political life was undergoing the so-called ‘Khrushchev thaw’, propaganda gave particular attention to the interpretation of the legacy of the partisan war. The years 1957–1960 were a turning point in the formulation of further propaganda guidelines. During this period, the Museum of the Revolution of the Lithuanian SSR, in cooperation with the KGB structures, began to organise systematically expositions of the “crimes of the bourgeois nationalists” and exhibitions on the basis of the collected items. The introduction of a compulsory propagandistic idea of the “class struggle” during the Soviet era resulted in complex, largely emotion-based processes during the transition period. From the very beginning of the Sąjūdis, in the context of the partisan war. To refute the “class struggle” assessment established during the Soviet period, first of all, the construction of a narrative of the guerrilla war based on historical research was abandoned from the very beginning. The choice of a martyrological narrative, mainly based on empathy with the processes that took place in the past, has eventually shaped the narrative on victims in the museum exhibitions of independent Lithuania. As the generation of creators changed and young cultural workers took over the activities of the museums, and as experts in various fields were involved in the creation of the exhibitions, not only the forms of presenting the partisan war began to change, but also the content. It is centred not on fatalities, but on the determination to fight and defend the independence of the country.
1944年至1953年的立陶宛党派战争留下了许多悬而未决的问题,在立陶宛恢复独立后,这些问题开始在立陶宛得到更客观的审视。然而,在苏联时期,这个话题也受到了很多关注,尽管是来自苏联的宣传方面。立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国和独立的立陶宛的博物馆对党派战争的主题定义相当狭隘,但其背景远远超出了博物馆展览和展览的问题。丰富的档案文件提供了一幅相当有趣的画面,使我们不仅能够分析苏联体系、复兴时期和独立的立陶宛博物馆中这个主题本身的变化,而且能够将其展示为一场记忆的斗争。党派战争结束后,这个话题并没有从公众生活中消失。特别注意对信息的重新解释。从军事宣传向意识形态宣传的转变最初反映在实际决策中。当政治生活正在经历所谓的“赫鲁晓夫解冻”时,宣传特别关注对党派战争遗留问题的解释。1957年至1960年是制定进一步宣传方针的转折点。在此期间,立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国革命博物馆与克格勃机构合作,开始系统地组织“资产阶级民族主义者罪行”的展览,并在收集的物品的基础上举办展览。在苏联时代,“阶级斗争”的强制性宣传思想的引入导致了过渡时期复杂的、主要基于情感的过程。从Sãjúdis一开始,在党派战争的背景下。要反驳苏联时期建立的“阶级斗争”评估,首先,从一开始就放弃了基于历史研究的游击战争叙事的构建。殉道叙事的选择,主要基于对过去发生的过程的同情,最终塑造了独立立陶宛博物馆展览中关于受害者的叙事。随着一代创作者的改变,年轻的文化工作者接管了博物馆的活动,随着各个领域的专家参与到展览的创作中,不仅呈现党派战争的形式开始改变,内容也开始改变。它的核心不是死亡,而是战斗和捍卫国家独立的决心。
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引用次数: 0
The Activity of Tadas Daugirdas in Warsaw (1877–1891): From a Painter to an Archaeologist 塔达斯·道吉达斯在华沙的活动(1877–1891):从画家到考古学家
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.2
Eligijus Raila
Tadas Daugirdas actively participated in the National revival culture but later was forgotten. His work covered several areas of cultural and intellectual life including painting, archaeology, ethnology, museology, and publicist writing. Daugirdas contributed significantly to the creation of the national flag of Lithuania. The fourteen years, from 1877 to 1891, he spent in Warsaw had the great influence on his worldview. Living in Warsaw he maintained close relationship with such people as artist and art critic Stanisław Witkiewicz, doctor and ethnologist Władysław Matlakowski, archaeologists Adam Honory Kirkor, Dmitrij Samokvasov, and Gotfryd Ossowski; he also corresponded with Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis on the issues of Lithuanianism. The Warsaw period determined his future activities which he developed after his return to Lithuania. He came to Warsaw as a painter and returned to his parents’ manor in Lithuania as an archaeologist and a promoter of folk art.
多吉达斯积极参与民族复兴文化,但后来被遗忘。他的作品涵盖了文化和知识生活的几个领域,包括绘画、考古学、民族学、博物馆学和公关写作。Daugirdas对立陶宛国旗的创作做出了重大贡献。从1877年到1891年,他在华沙度过的14年对他的世界观产生了巨大的影响。在华沙生活时,他与艺术家和艺术评论家Stanisław Witkiewicz、医生和民族学家Władysław Matlakowski、考古学家Adam Honory Kirkor、Dmitrij Samokvasov和gotfrid Ossowski等人保持着密切的关系;他还就立陶宛问题与meislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis通信。华沙时期决定了他未来的活动,他在回到立陶宛后发展起来。他以画家的身份来到华沙,回到立陶宛父母的庄园,成为一名考古学家和民间艺术的推动者。
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引用次数: 0
Juozas Gabrys and Lithuania at the League of Nations: Political Activity 尤奥萨斯·加布里斯和立陶宛在国际联盟:政治活动
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.3
Monika Šipelytė
The political activity of Juozas Gabrys at the League of Nations in Geneva from 1927 to 1939 is the main subject of this article. He and his colleagues established Lithuanian Information Bureau here in the 1930s and worked as journalists. Gabrys also sought to gain a position as a Lithuanian diplomat and the best possibility for that was the post of an ambassador to the League of Nations in Geneva. He thought that his mission was to propagate Lithuanian interests in Western Europe, and the fact that he had started this activity before World War I, should have granted a good and prosperous life for himself as well. Unfortunately, good intentions not always were embodied in the fruitful results. As for the image of the Lithuanian activity in Geneva, not all of Gabrys’ actions succeeded in a positive way. Of course, at the surroundings of the League, Lithuania was seen and heard not only from Gabrys’ publications, but also from official Lithuanian information agencies and legislations. But maybe his irony and accusations worked as stimulator for other Lithuanian journalists and politicians? And maybe his true role at the scene of diplomacy was not to make the decisions, but to take into account every decision made and explain it to the society of Lithuania and Geneva.
本文主要研究1927年至1939年加布雷斯在日内瓦国际联盟的政治活动。20世纪30年代,他和他的同事在这里建立了立陶宛新闻局,并担任记者。加布里斯还试图获得立陶宛外交官的职位,最有可能的职位是驻日内瓦国际联盟大使。他认为他的使命是宣传立陶宛在西欧的利益,而且他在第一次世界大战之前就开始了这项活动,这也应该使他自己过上富足的生活。不幸的是,良好的意愿并不总是体现在丰硕的成果中。至于立陶宛在日内瓦活动的形象,并非盖布里的所有行动都取得了积极的成功。当然,在联盟的周围,立陶宛不仅可以从Gabrys的出版物中看到和听到,也可以从立陶宛官方信息机构和立法机构中看到和听到。但也许他的讽刺和指责对其他立陶宛记者和政治家起到了激励作用?也许他在外交舞台上的真正角色不是做决定,而是考虑每一个决定,并向立陶宛和日内瓦的社会解释。
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引用次数: 0
Printed Music as a Medium of International Representation for the Magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: A Case Study of Music Prints Dedicated to Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Aleksander Chodkiewicz 印刷音乐作为立陶宛大公国巨头的国际代表媒介:以音乐版画为例,献给Jan Karol Chodkiewicz和Aleksander Chodkiewicz
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.1
Aleksandra Pister
The article deals with the collections of printed music dedicated to the distinguished nobles, statesmen and military commanders of the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania, brothers Jan Karol and Aleksander Chodkiewicz. These collections were printed in Venice in the beginning of the 17th century and dedicated to the Lithuanian magnates by Italian composers Giovanni Valentini and Giulio Osculati. However, it was not in their home country where composers became acquainted with the above-mentioned noblemen who had studied and travelled extensively in Italy but in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In fact, both composers had served for certain periods of time as musicians in the Polish court chapel under Sigismund III Vasa. The said collections of motets are being examined here with an emphasis on publicity and international representation. The author notes that besides the reasonable expectations of both Italian composers to raise their public profiles, to publish and disseminate their work in Europe, these personal aspirations also resonated with the interests of other public figures. They both represent Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, as a generous patron and a leading social figure. The dedications were intended to glorify the Chodkiewicz and raise their profile within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and beyond. They account for the magnates’ victories in major military campaigns of the time, such as those achieved during the Polish–Swedish war of 1600–1611, as well as Chodkiewicz’s merits in defence of the state. Within the context of shifting confessional identities at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries (i.e. the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation movements) these notated sources should be considered as a reflection of the magnates’ confessional identity. The very genre of printed works – motets for Catholic church service – reflects Chodkiewicz’s firm self-determination as Roman Catholics.
这篇文章讨论了献给立陶宛大公国的杰出贵族、政治家和军事指挥官,扬·卡罗尔和亚历山大·乔德凯维奇兄弟的印刷音乐收藏。这些作品于17世纪初在威尼斯印刷,由意大利作曲家乔瓦尼·瓦伦蒂尼和朱利奥·奥库拉蒂献给立陶宛的权贵。然而,并非在他们的祖国,作曲家结识了上述在意大利广泛学习和旅行的贵族,而是在波兰立陶宛联邦。事实上,这两位作曲家都曾在西吉斯蒙德三世瓦萨统治下的波兰宫廷教堂担任过音乐家。在这里,我们将对这些口号进行审查,重点是宣传和国际代表性。作者指出,除了这两位意大利作曲家合理地期望提高他们的公众形象,在欧洲出版和传播他们的作品外,这些个人愿望也与其他公众人物的兴趣产生了共鸣。它们都代表了波兰国王和立陶宛大公西吉斯蒙德三世瓦萨,作为一个慷慨的赞助人和一个重要的社会人物。这些奉献是为了赞美乔凯维奇家族,并在波兰立陶宛联邦内外提升他们的形象。它们解释了当时权势者在重大军事战役中的胜利,比如在1600-1611年波兰-瑞典战争中取得的胜利,以及乔凯维奇在保卫国家方面的功绩。在16和17世纪之交(即宗教改革和反宗教改革运动)忏悔身份不断变化的背景下,这些标记的来源应该被认为是权势者忏悔身份的反映。印刷作品的类型——天主教堂礼拜的颂歌——反映了乔凯维奇作为罗马天主教徒的坚定自决。
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引用次数: 0
How to Commemorate the Darkness 如何纪念黑暗
Q4 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15388/lis.2022.49.9
Tomas Vaiseta
Rec.: Hektoras Vitkus, Vygantas Vareikis, Edvinas Ubis, Justas Stončius, Macikai: atminties vieta Europos pakraštyje, Klaipėda: Klaipėdos universiteto Baltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutas, 2021.
记录:Hector Vitkus、Vygantas Vareikis、Edwin Ubis、Justas Stončius、Macikai:欧洲海岸纪念地,克莱佩达:克莱佩达大学历史与考古研究所,波罗的海地区,2021年。
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引用次数: 0
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