{"title":"In memoriam dr. Algis Povilas Kasperavičius (1942–2022)","authors":"Algirdas Jakubčionis","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.8","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, the notion of a manor was basically unequivocal in the Lithuanian society – it was related to Polish influence (which means it is not ours, Lithuanian). This was the result of political and cultural conflicts between the two nations, a struggle for the power of expression of great narratives and historical memory. The manor with its history and heritage was depicted in negative or at least gloomy colors. Such notions dominated in the consciousness of Lithuanians almost during the whole 20th century. In the second half of the 1980s, the first seeds of alternative or novel notions of the manor emerged in Lithuania. In about 2000, the business discourse appropriated manor culture to create their own notion as developers of products and services for consumers. This paper presents the genesis of this notion, its peculiarities, expressions, and interactions with Lithuanian identity and historical memory.One of the conclusions of the research is that around 2010, a fundamental turning point occurred in the concept and notion of Lithuanian manors, as they came to be associated with native Lithuanian culture and identity – associated, yet not unconditionally accepted. The new role of the manor presents an interesting phenomenon. Manor culture is perceived as attractive because of its different, exotic, and unknown culture.
{"title":"Heritage Industry, or Lithuanian Notions of the Manor in the 21st Century","authors":"Salvijus Kulevičius","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.7","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the notion of a manor was basically unequivocal in the Lithuanian society – it was related to Polish influence (which means it is not ours, Lithuanian). This was the result of political and cultural conflicts between the two nations, a struggle for the power of expression of great narratives and historical memory. The manor with its history and heritage was depicted in negative or at least gloomy colors. Such notions dominated in the consciousness of Lithuanians almost during the whole 20th century. In the second half of the 1980s, the first seeds of alternative or novel notions of the manor emerged in Lithuania. In about 2000, the business discourse appropriated manor culture to create their own notion as developers of products and services for consumers. This paper presents the genesis of this notion, its peculiarities, expressions, and interactions with Lithuanian identity and historical memory.One of the conclusions of the research is that around 2010, a fundamental turning point occurred in the concept and notion of Lithuanian manors, as they came to be associated with native Lithuanian culture and identity – associated, yet not unconditionally accepted. The new role of the manor presents an interesting phenomenon. Manor culture is perceived as attractive because of its different, exotic, and unknown culture.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43462863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History as Re-enactment of Past Experience","authors":"R. Collingwood","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.9","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Housing modernization played a key role in interwar European urban planning, as it was used to build a new type of healthy and comfortable residential area. This question is also relevant in the case of the city of Vilnius, since from 1919 to 1939 the area of the city did not increase – its limits covered an area of 10 400 hectares, which was approved in 1919. This means that the modernization of housing and related urban planning in Vilnius had to take place in a different way than it had in the rapidly growing cities of East Central Europe, where the growth of a city’s area was stimulated by newly built residential suburbs. In this paper, residential architecture of Vilnius in 1919–1943 is studied based on the theory of housing-based urban planning formulated by Yael Alweill and Noa Zemer. Through an examination of how the Greater Vilnius Master Plan (1936–1939) was prepared, the research follows how the construction of modern housing affected urban planning and functional zoning.
{"title":"Housing Modernization and Urban Planning in Vilnius: 1919–1943","authors":"Marija Drėmaitė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.5","url":null,"abstract":"Housing modernization played a key role in interwar European urban planning, as it was used to build a new type of healthy and comfortable residential area. This question is also relevant in the case of the city of Vilnius, since from 1919 to 1939 the area of the city did not increase – its limits covered an area of 10 400 hectares, which was approved in 1919. This means that the modernization of housing and related urban planning in Vilnius had to take place in a different way than it had in the rapidly growing cities of East Central Europe, where the growth of a city’s area was stimulated by newly built residential suburbs. In this paper, residential architecture of Vilnius in 1919–1943 is studied based on the theory of housing-based urban planning formulated by Yael Alweill and Noa Zemer. Through an examination of how the Greater Vilnius Master Plan (1936–1939) was prepared, the research follows how the construction of modern housing affected urban planning and functional zoning.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the dynamics of the postal route system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries. The first postal route connected Vilnius and Krakow in 1562 – weekly postal services were rendered. In 1669, postal carriages started running from Moscow to Vilnius and then further on through Tilsit to Königsberg. The GDL postal route network underwent its largest expansion in the 18th century. An important postal line proceeded along the route of Warsaw – Grodno – Kaunas – Jelgava – Riga. Part of it coincided with the Warsaw – Vilnius route; at Ratnyčia, the postal carriage would turn northeast and continue via Merkinė and Varėna to Vilnius. From Vilnius, one postal route led to Königsberg via Kaunas, and another to Moscow; there are also data about a postal line to Polotsk. Another crossroads of the GDL’s postal routes was Grodno. The routes leading from Warsaw to Kaunas, Vilnius, and Riga intersected there. Separate lines to Lublin and Slonim were in operation; one of the postal routes led to the border of the Russian Empire. The network of the GDL’s postal routes also consisted of other roads. The location of some of them were subject to change due to the political situation, natural disasters, and seasonal practicability.
{"title":"The Structure of Postal Routes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th Centuries∗","authors":"Tomas Čelkis","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the dynamics of the postal route system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries. The first postal route connected Vilnius and Krakow in 1562 – weekly postal services were rendered. In 1669, postal carriages started running from Moscow to Vilnius and then further on through Tilsit to Königsberg. The GDL postal route network underwent its largest expansion in the 18th century. An important postal line proceeded along the route of Warsaw – Grodno – Kaunas – Jelgava – Riga. Part of it coincided with the Warsaw – Vilnius route; at Ratnyčia, the postal carriage would turn northeast and continue via Merkinė and Varėna to Vilnius. From Vilnius, one postal route led to Königsberg via Kaunas, and another to Moscow; there are also data about a postal line to Polotsk. Another crossroads of the GDL’s postal routes was Grodno. The routes leading from Warsaw to Kaunas, Vilnius, and Riga intersected there. Separate lines to Lublin and Slonim were in operation; one of the postal routes led to the border of the Russian Empire. The network of the GDL’s postal routes also consisted of other roads. The location of some of them were subject to change due to the political situation, natural disasters, and seasonal practicability.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apie Antano Petrilionio disertaciją „Belaisviai Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Vokiečių ordino karuose (XIV–XV amžiai)“ ir jos gynimą / On Antanas Petrilionis’ Thesis „Prisoners of War of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order (14th–15th Centuries)“
论Antanas Petrionis的“立陶宛大公国的战俘与条顿骑士团（14-15世纪）”
{"title":"From the Darkness of Prison into the Light of Freedom","authors":"Karolis Čižauskas","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.11","url":null,"abstract":"Apie Antano Petrilionio disertaciją „Belaisviai Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Vokiečių ordino karuose (XIV–XV amžiai)“ ir jos gynimą / On Antanas Petrilionis’ Thesis „Prisoners of War of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order (14th–15th Centuries)“","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66949685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines an aspect of the functioning of the organization of Vilnius’ beggars that has not yet been sufficiently covered in the historiography: the role of the clergy of St. John’s Church in the life of the city’s beggars. This text focuses on the relationship between the clergy and the beggars during the 18th century. By using the personal documents of bishops, registers of the masses held in the church, and sources written by the beggars themselves or related to the aforementioned organization, it is shown that the clergy of Vilnius’ parish church not only took care of the spiritual needs of the beggars, but also looked after the finances of the organization and actively participated in its internal life, with their influence on the beggars manifesting itself in their personal relations with beggars beyond the scope of the organization.
{"title":"Role of the Clergy of Vilnius St. John’s Church in the Life of the City’s Beggars in the 18th Century","authors":"Rūta Miškinytė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines an aspect of the functioning of the organization of Vilnius’ beggars that has not yet been sufficiently covered in the historiography: the role of the clergy of St. John’s Church in the life of the city’s beggars. This text focuses on the relationship between the clergy and the beggars during the 18th century. By using the personal documents of bishops, registers of the masses held in the church, and sources written by the beggars themselves or related to the aforementioned organization, it is shown that the clergy of Vilnius’ parish church not only took care of the spiritual needs of the beggars, but also looked after the finances of the organization and actively participated in its internal life, with their influence on the beggars manifesting itself in their personal relations with beggars beyond the scope of the organization.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the laws and rules governing traffic on streets and roads published in the First Republic of Lithuania, as well as statistical data on traffic accidents. Centralised legal regulation of traffic did not begin until the late 1930s, but within a short period of time three successive laws were published. In the mid-1930s, such a law regulated not only the movement of motor vehicles, but also all non-motorised vehicles and pedestrians. At the same time, statistics on road accidents began to be collected. It is clear from these statistics that, despite strict traffic regulation and sluggish motorisation, the number of accidents has steadily increased.
{"title":"A Symphony of Movement. Road Traffic Rules and Traffic Accidents in the First Republic of Lithuania","authors":"Adomas Žirlys","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.49.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.49.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the laws and rules governing traffic on streets and roads published in the First Republic of Lithuania, as well as statistical data on traffic accidents. Centralised legal regulation of traffic did not begin until the late 1930s, but within a short period of time three successive laws were published. In the mid-1930s, such a law regulated not only the movement of motor vehicles, but also all non-motorised vehicles and pedestrians. At the same time, statistics on road accidents began to be collected. It is clear from these statistics that, despite strict traffic regulation and sluggish motorisation, the number of accidents has steadily increased.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48734649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opus magnum by Polish Historian on Vilnius University in the Interwar Period","authors":"A. Kasperavičius","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.49.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.49.8","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines how the ideas of the left-wing Fluxus movement were accepted and interpreted in Lithuania in the second half of the 20th century. The matter is that alongside unusual ways of artistic expression, the practices called fluxisms transcended the boundaries of the art field. The analysis has shown that the artistic actions and their content at that time, and especially in the 1980s and 1990s, were based on the quotation, adaptation, and use of Fluxus ideas in Lithuania. Freedom, experimentation, and performativity were intertwined with the political revival movement, the mood of national resistance, and the (self-)ironic relationship with the Soviet era. The ideas of the left avant-garde movement were understood and used for national cultural and political purposes during Lithuania’s revival.
{"title":"Left Transforming into Right: The Adoption and Interpretation of the Ideas of the Fluxus Movement in Lithuania in the Second Half of the 20th Century","authors":"Dovilė Zubavičiūtė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.49.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.49.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines how the ideas of the left-wing Fluxus movement were accepted and interpreted in Lithuania in the second half of the 20th century. The matter is that alongside unusual ways of artistic expression, the practices called fluxisms transcended the boundaries of the art field. The analysis has shown that the artistic actions and their content at that time, and especially in the 1980s and 1990s, were based on the quotation, adaptation, and use of Fluxus ideas in Lithuania. Freedom, experimentation, and performativity were intertwined with the political revival movement, the mood of national resistance, and the (self-)ironic relationship with the Soviet era. The ideas of the left avant-garde movement were understood and used for national cultural and political purposes during Lithuania’s revival.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45544394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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