Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2023.16.1.8
Gregory KHEZRNEJAT
For most students beginning to study a second language, the image of the native speaker looms large. The native speaker is presented as a model of appropriate language use as well as the final arbiter of the validity of every utterance; to speak “like a native speaker” often becomes the explicit goal of study. But such monolithic images are more projections than reality. Even within communities of first-language speakers, there is an endless diversity of language use. if we accept that language is not a neutral tool to be mastered, but rather a dynamic medium shaped by and reflecting our personal experience of acquisition, then both the feasibility and desirability of speaking “like a native speaker” become questionable. In this essay, I consider what it means to be a first-language speaker and suggest that we may want to reevaluate our common hierarchies of language proficiency. As the use of second languages is becoming increasingly common, it is important to recognize the legitimacy of second-language speakers and their potential for enriching language communities. I discuss my how my own sense of appropriate language has evolved, and briefly touch on movement in the linguistics community to critically consider longstanding “native speaker” biases.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2023.16.1.59
Guanwei SU
None of Tomoji Abe’s works has attracted as much attention from Japanese and Chinese scholars as Beijing. To this point, these scholars and critics have developed two main perspectives on the text. As the scholars Ichiro Ando and Isao Mizukami point out, the first perspective is comprised of an interpretation of Beijing that is based on the author’s critical stance on the brutal war. The other angle, expressed by Wang Shengyuan and Xiao Dongyuan, is to critique the Orientalism evident in the novel. However, because Beijing was written in a time of turmoil and conflict, there are aspects of the text that do not fit into either one of these categories. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the two conventional interpretations and to identify a new perspective on Abe’s perception of China. Much like exchanging spectacle lenses, which implies the swapping of two different values, I initially try to get a little closer to the Beijing that Tomoji Abe, who was familiar with English and American literature and who also loved reading classical Chinese literature, saw in 1935. I then focus on the changes in the perspective of the protagonist, Daimon, in order to reevaluate Tomoji Abe’s perception of China and his new interpretation of it contained in Beijing.
安倍知司的作品中，没有哪部作品像《北京》那样受到中日学者的关注。到目前为止，这些学者和评论家对文本发展了两种主要观点。正如学者安藤一郎(Ichiro Ando)和水上志雄(Isao Mizukami)所指出的那样，第一种视角是由对“北京”的解释构成的。这是基于作者对残酷战争的批判立场。另一个角度是王生源和肖东源所表达的，对小说中明显的东方主义进行批判。然而，因为<i>Beijing</i>是在一个动荡和冲突的时代写的，文本的一些方面不适合这些类别之一。本文的目的是重新审视两种传统的解释，并确定安倍对中国的看法的新视角。就像交换眼镜镜片意味着交换两种不同的价值一样，我最初试图更接近北京< I > / I >熟悉英美文学、也喜欢阅读中国古典文学的安倍友司(Tomoji Abe)在1935年看到了这幅画。然后，我将重点放在主人公戴蒙视角的变化上，以便重新评估安倍智治对中国的看法以及他在《北京》中对中国的新解读。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2023.16.1.155
Kohei HATA
In this paper, I read Mā No Mita Sora (The Sky as Seen by Ma), written by Shun Medoruma. Medoruma has been regarded as a author of Okinawa literature. However, in many of Medoruma’s works, “Bullying” is expressed. It is important to consider the role of ‘bullying’ in his work. The main characters in this work are “I” and “Ma.” “I” thought Ma was something like him. This is because “Ma” appeared to be frightened by his aggressiveness in “bullying”. Father-on-mother violence was the norm in “I”’s family. “I” both hated my father and feared that one day he would become like him. In this way, this work raises the possibility of being able to stand in solidarity with others through the medium of one’s own familiar “difficulty of living”. However, was that “I” was not aware that I was in a completely different position from Ma. As a result, “I” could not be conscious of his aggressiveness or imagine the structural violence “Ma” was subjected to. Through the above reading, we evaluate this work as a work that expresses through “bullying” the possibility and impossibility of standing in solidarity with others in a different position from our own.
在这篇论文中，我阅读了< I >Mā No Mita Sora</ I >《马看到的天空》，作者:舜·梅多鲁玛。美多间一直被认为是冲绳文学的作者。然而，在梅多鲁玛的许多作品中，“霸凌”都得到了表达。重要的是要考虑到“欺凌”在他的工作中的作用。这部作品的主角是“我”和“妈”。“我”觉得妈妈和他差不多。这是因为“马”似乎被他在“霸凌”中的攻击性吓坏了。父亲对母亲的暴力是“我”家的常态。“我”既恨我的父亲，又害怕有一天他会变得像他一样。通过这种方式，这项工作提出了能够通过自己熟悉的“生活困难”媒介与他人团结一致的可能性。然而，“我”并没有意识到我和马处于完全不同的位置。因此，“我”无法意识到自己的攻击性，也无法想象“马”所遭受的结构性暴力。通过以上阅读，我们认为这部作品通过“欺凌”表达了与他人站在不同立场上的可能性和不可能性。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2023.16.1.117
Shiho ANDOH
This paper reappraises Tokutomi Roka’s Hototogisu, a work which was widely presented in a variety of media between the Meiji and Showa periods. Previous studies on this novel have paid attention to its melodramatic structure, which is based on the representation of the Zushi, and the depiction of Takeo reconciling with his late wife Namiko’s father as marking “the end” (owari). However, the Shinpa versions, which were considered to be the most representative of various stage adaptations of Hototogisu, used the hot spring site of Ikaho as the setting for the opening act of the play, as in the original novel. Both the Shinpa adaptations and the original novel entail the link between the Ikaho hot spring and Hototogisu, in this way centering the portrayal of marital bliss. This is also emphasized in collected essays Ikaho Miyage. To elucidate the function of this bliss in the literary works of later generations, this paper revisits the centrality of Ikaho in the original novel while also considering the instability and multiplicity of the 1890s Japanese society from which it emerged. This focus reveals how the image of “hot springs” is conceptualized and the kind of linguistic network that is constructed in Hototogisu.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.23
Hiroshi Araki
In 2017, the International Research Center for Japanese Studies, to which I belong, officially launched a project called “The Consortium for Global Japanese Studies”, of which I have been playing a small part. In this paper, I will introduce this project and discuss how the development of global and international Japanese studies as a public service will affect my personal research on classical Japanese literature. I will discuss and present the specific aspects of this project in the context of my recently published books and articles. I have come to the conclusion that, in addition to the direct impact of studies in this field, it is important to consider the possibility of indirect inspiration, or what might be called synchronicity, which could revitalize Japanese studies in a broader sense. I will discuss this issue while also introducing my own research.
{"title":"Some Perspectives of the Globes on the Classics：On the Synchronicity between Japanese Classics Literature Studies and Global Networking","authors":"Hiroshi Araki","doi":"10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the International Research Center for Japanese Studies, to which I belong, officially launched a project called “The Consortium for Global Japanese Studies”, of which I have been playing a small part. In this paper, I will introduce this project and discuss how the development of global and international Japanese studies as a public service will affect my personal research on classical Japanese literature. I will discuss and present the specific aspects of this project in the context of my recently published books and articles. I have come to the conclusion that, in addition to the direct impact of studies in this field, it is important to consider the possibility of indirect inspiration, or what might be called synchronicity, which could revitalize Japanese studies in a broader sense. I will discuss this issue while also introducing my own research.","PeriodicalId":33066,"journal":{"name":"Gwagyeong Ilboneo Munhak Yeongu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79320394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.245
Chunghao Chien
This book discusses the emergence of modernism in colonial Taiwan, with a focus on the work of Yokomitsu Riichi. Through a comprehensive discussion of how Taiwanese writers were influenced by Yokomitsu’s literary theories and techniques, it explores the diverse possibilities of Taiwanese literature during the period of Japanese rule. By comparing Yokomitsu’s work and that of Taiwanese modernist writers, it examines the reception by Taiwanese people of Japanese literature and its construction of subjectivity, and explores the relationship between modernism and colonial literature from a broader perspective. In particular, the author examines the use of abstraction in these texts in detail. At the same time, he discusses Chinese and Korean modernist writers in order to place the development of modernism in colonial Taiwan in a broad context.
{"title":"Yokomitsu Riichi and Taiwan：The Birth of Sensationism (Modernism) in East Asia","authors":"Chunghao Chien","doi":"10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.245","url":null,"abstract":"This book discusses the emergence of modernism in colonial Taiwan, with a focus on the work of Yokomitsu Riichi. Through a comprehensive discussion of how Taiwanese writers were influenced by Yokomitsu’s literary theories and techniques, it explores the diverse possibilities of Taiwanese literature during the period of Japanese rule. By comparing Yokomitsu’s work and that of Taiwanese modernist writers, it examines the reception by Taiwanese people of Japanese literature and its construction of subjectivity, and explores the relationship between modernism and colonial literature from a broader perspective. In particular, the author examines the use of abstraction in these texts in detail. At the same time, he discusses Chinese and Korean modernist writers in order to place the development of modernism in colonial Taiwan in a broad context.","PeriodicalId":33066,"journal":{"name":"Gwagyeong Ilboneo Munhak Yeongu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84919766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.12
Yoshitaka Hibi
In this essay, I provided a brief report and perspective on digital humanities research related to the study of modern Japanese literature. First, I reviewed the recent increase in the availability of digital full-text databases, including Aozora Bunko, the National Diet Library’s Next Digital Library, Maruzen eBook Library, and Google Books. Next, as an example of digital humanities-based literary studies using the Next Digital Library, I attempted to study the reception of Matsuo Bashō between 1868 and 1945. Specifically, I searched the Next Digital Library—which currently has about 280,000 modern books available for full-text search—for Bashō’s haiku and found over a thousand works by him, although the total number differs depending on the counting method. I researched the haikus individually for the full-text data in books published between 1868 and 1945, using the computer language Python to automate the search and retrieve the results. Consequently, the top 30 most frequently cited works were identified. For the top five, the number of mentions by year of publication was also investigated. Results between the human- and computer-based reception studies were compared, and the strengths and weaknesses in understanding the context were highlighted. As for future prospects, I discussed the importance of human-computer collaboration, the necessity for combining large-scale full-text data sets with other databases, and the possibilities for structuring text using TEI and other methods.
在这篇文章中，我对与日本现代文学研究相关的数字人文研究做了一个简要的报告和展望。首先，我回顾了最近数字全文数据库可用性的增加，包括青空文库、国家国会图书馆的下一个数字图书馆、Maruzen电子书图书馆和谷歌图书。接下来，作为使用Next数字图书馆进行以数字人文为基础的文学研究的一个例子，我试图研究1868年至1945年间松尾芭树的接受情况。具体来说，我搜索了Next数字图书馆(Next Digital library)——目前有大约28万本现代图书可供全文搜索——找到了他的一千多部作品，尽管总数因计数方法而异。我在1868年至1945年间出版的书籍中分别研究了俳句的全文数据，使用计算机语言Python自动搜索和检索结果。因此，确定了前30个最常被引用的作品。对于前五名，按出版年份划分的被提及次数也进行了调查。比较了基于人和基于计算机的接收研究的结果，并强调了在理解上下文方面的优势和劣势。至于未来的前景，我讨论了人机协作的重要性，将大规模全文数据集与其他数据库相结合的必要性，以及使用TEI和其他方法构建文本的可能性。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.251
Hiroshi Sakamoto
This study elucidates cultural controls within Japan, generation of culture for overseas audiences, and the association between the two by considering the dissemination of literature among readers. The findings can be broadly summarized in the following two points：First, we can view the transmission and propagandization of culture not only from the perspective of the sender, that is, the writer, but also the persons or organizations that teach, introduce, translate, and disseminate it. Second, it is possible to clarify the association between academic knowledge and cultural controls within Japan and external cultural manipulation.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.198
Tsukasa Izumi
This paper is comprised of the reproduction of a threemonth period of Torao Tago’s diary, which in total covers the six years from 1940 to 1945. Tago became famous after his play won second place in a creative writing contest sponsored by the magazine “KAIZO” in 1931. This period is covered in the diary, from April to June 1942. Tago had been writing novels all that time. His diary shows that while Japan was at war, it had little effect on the lives of the citizens of Tokyo.
{"title":"A Reproduction of Torao Tago’s Diary of April-June 1942, with Bibliographical Notes","authors":"Tsukasa Izumi","doi":"10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is comprised of the reproduction of a threemonth period of Torao Tago’s diary, which in total covers the six years from 1940 to 1945. Tago became famous after his play won second place in a creative writing contest sponsored by the magazine “KAIZO” in 1931. This period is covered in the diary, from April to June 1942. Tago had been writing novels all that time. His diary shows that while Japan was at war, it had little effect on the lives of the citizens of Tokyo.","PeriodicalId":33066,"journal":{"name":"Gwagyeong Ilboneo Munhak Yeongu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76585361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.22628/bcjjl.2022.15.1.107
N. Oishi
The overseas emigration of Japanese citizens has been on the rise in the last three decades, reaching at the level of 1.34 million in 2021 (MOFA 2022). While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in its downturn, the number of Japanese citizens who obtained permanent residence overseas continued to increase, hitting a record high of 537,662 in 2021 (MOFA 2022). This article examines the factors behind this growing overseas emigration of Japanese citizens, particularly looking at its flows to Australia, which is now the second most popular destination for Japanese permanent residents. Based on the narratives of 62 research participants, this article will present the basic ideal types of Japanese emigrants and examine the themes that appeared prominently in their emigration decision-making, including the acquisition of global experience, work-life balance, gender inequality, aversion of disaster/environmental and long-term economic risks, and political concerns. It will also discuss the ways in which Japanese emigration and the diversifying experiences of Japanese citizens have impacted Japanese literature so far and how the growing presence of ‘global nomads’ moving across multiple borders is likely to enrich the Japanese literature in the future by challenging the existing understanding of “Japaneseness” and the meaning of migration.
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