Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.133101
Imarhiagbe Frank Aiwansoba, Okoh B Ewere, Ugiagbe Rose Ashinedu, Okaka Enajite Ibiene
Persistent hiccups are hiccups that last for at least 48 h, and may occur following a legion of causes including strokes. They have been described following infarctive and hemorrhagic strokes. Hiccup is a respiratory reflex action that occurs following the sudden contraction of the diaphragmatic and intercostals muscles with closure of the glottis; and putatively believed to be a form of myoclonus (very brief repeated contractions of striated muscles) that occurs from irritation of the medullary mediated reflex arc that has supratentorial inputs. This underpins the association of hiccups with suprabulbar lesions like strokes, apparently following repeated excitatory inputs from the higher centers. Hiccups are ordinarily self-limiting, but persistent hiccups are advisedly treated with pharmacologic agents, of which baclofen, a GABA B agonist muscle relaxant has proven to be remarkably efficient. It is believed that the action of baclofen interrupts the hiccup reflex arc. Nonpharmacologic remedies like vagus nerve stimulation have also been found to be effective and may be complementary. This case series highlights the use of baclofen in persistent hiccups following supratentorial infarcts.
{"title":"Persistent hiccups after acute supratentorial stroke: Report of seven cases and review of literature","authors":"Imarhiagbe Frank Aiwansoba, Okoh B Ewere, Ugiagbe Rose Ashinedu, Okaka Enajite Ibiene","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.133101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.133101","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent hiccups are hiccups that last for at least 48 h, and may occur following a legion of causes including strokes. They have been described following infarctive and hemorrhagic strokes. Hiccup is a respiratory reflex action that occurs following the sudden contraction of the diaphragmatic and intercostals muscles with closure of the glottis; and putatively believed to be a form of myoclonus (very brief repeated contractions of striated muscles) that occurs from irritation of the medullary mediated reflex arc that has supratentorial inputs. This underpins the association of hiccups with suprabulbar lesions like strokes, apparently following repeated excitatory inputs from the higher centers. Hiccups are ordinarily self-limiting, but persistent hiccups are advisedly treated with pharmacologic agents, of which baclofen, a GABA B agonist muscle relaxant has proven to be remarkably efficient. It is believed that the action of baclofen interrupts the hiccup reflex arc. Nonpharmacologic remedies like vagus nerve stimulation have also been found to be effective and may be complementary. This case series highlights the use of baclofen in persistent hiccups following supratentorial infarcts.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128871645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108134
A. Atanda, M. S. Mohammad, L. Atallah
Nigeria is one of the 74 countries endemic for schistosomiasis, with the most common species being schistosoma hematobium and bladder infestation with hematuria as the most common mode of presentation. However, rarely, extra-vesical ectopic sites such as the skin may be affected as it is in this case report of an 18-year-old male. Cutaneous schistosomiasis usually presents as crops of papular rashes with normal skin color on the trunk with or without pruritus and coexisting hematuria. These rare cases pose diagnostic challenges because of their unusual presentation and require high index of clinical suspicion for their identification. However diagnosis can be confirmed by histology of representative skin biopsy.
{"title":"Cutaneous schistosomiasis: Case report and literature review","authors":"A. Atanda, M. S. Mohammad, L. Atallah","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108134","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is one of the 74 countries endemic for schistosomiasis, with the most common species being schistosoma hematobium and bladder infestation with hematuria as the most common mode of presentation. However, rarely, extra-vesical ectopic sites such as the skin may be affected as it is in this case report of an 18-year-old male. Cutaneous schistosomiasis usually presents as crops of papular rashes with normal skin color on the trunk with or without pruritus and coexisting hematuria. These rare cases pose diagnostic challenges because of their unusual presentation and require high index of clinical suspicion for their identification. However diagnosis can be confirmed by histology of representative skin biopsy.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133633368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108125
F. Imarhiagbe, J. Idemudia
Background : Serum uric acid (SUA) has long been recognized as a potent antioxidant in plasma and increasingly its prognostic value and therapeutic role in acute stroke has been proven in different population groups. Aim: To assess the role of admission SUA in acute stroke outcome in a Nigerian population. Setting: A tertiary neurologic care center in Nigeria. Design: Prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Total 240 acute stroke patients aged 30-91 years with first-ever stroke had their blood samples taken consecutively for SUA and blood sugar within 48 hours of onset of stroke symptoms. All were followed-up for outcome within 42 days from the date of admission. Outcome was either discharged to follow-up and still in care or in-hospital death. Stroke subtypes were defined by cranial computed tomography (CT) scan; stroke severity was assessed by the admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Statistics: Age, sex, SUA, blood sugar and GCS were compared between the stroke outcome groups. SUA and stroke outcome was tested on simple logistic regression after adjustment for age above 60 years and elevated blood sugar above 200 mg/dl. The contribution of SUA, blood sugar, age, stroke subtype and GCS to time of all cause in-hospital mortality was tested on Cox regression. Results: 1) Mean SUA, age and blood sugar were higher and mean GCS was lower in the deceased group (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001). 2) SUA predicted poorer outcome of acute stroke after adjustment for age above 60 years and blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl (P = 0.045, n = 96). 3) SUA, blood glucose and age predicted time to in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001, 0.047, <0.001). Conclusion: SUA predicts poorer outcome and time to all cause in-hospital mortality in acute stroke and may also become a reliable surrogate of acute stroke outcome in Africans as shown in other populations.
{"title":"Serum uric acid and acute stroke outcome in Nigerian Africans","authors":"F. Imarhiagbe, J. Idemudia","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108125","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Serum uric acid (SUA) has long been recognized as a potent antioxidant in plasma and increasingly its prognostic value and therapeutic role in acute stroke has been proven in different population groups. Aim: To assess the role of admission SUA in acute stroke outcome in a Nigerian population. Setting: A tertiary neurologic care center in Nigeria. Design: Prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Total 240 acute stroke patients aged 30-91 years with first-ever stroke had their blood samples taken consecutively for SUA and blood sugar within 48 hours of onset of stroke symptoms. All were followed-up for outcome within 42 days from the date of admission. Outcome was either discharged to follow-up and still in care or in-hospital death. Stroke subtypes were defined by cranial computed tomography (CT) scan; stroke severity was assessed by the admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Statistics: Age, sex, SUA, blood sugar and GCS were compared between the stroke outcome groups. SUA and stroke outcome was tested on simple logistic regression after adjustment for age above 60 years and elevated blood sugar above 200 mg/dl. The contribution of SUA, blood sugar, age, stroke subtype and GCS to time of all cause in-hospital mortality was tested on Cox regression. Results: 1) Mean SUA, age and blood sugar were higher and mean GCS was lower in the deceased group (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001). 2) SUA predicted poorer outcome of acute stroke after adjustment for age above 60 years and blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl (P = 0.045, n = 96). 3) SUA, blood glucose and age predicted time to in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001, 0.047, <0.001). Conclusion: SUA predicts poorer outcome and time to all cause in-hospital mortality in acute stroke and may also become a reliable surrogate of acute stroke outcome in Africans as shown in other populations.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114706954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108110
M. Sufiyan, S. Bashir, Ahmad A. Umar
Background: Worldwide, about a half of mortalities in children are directly or indirectly attributable to malnutrition. In Nigeria, malnutrition has also been reported to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such that 30-40% of deaths in the preschool age group are associated with malnutrition. Therefore, assessing the factors attributing to malnutrition is central to reducing and preventing these high mortalities. One attributable factor to malnutrition is the level of maternal literacy. Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of maternal literacy on the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in Babban-dodo, Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 300 children aged less than 5 years and their mothers/caregivers was conducted, using a multistage sampling technique. The study involved collecting information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and the anthropometric measurements (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference) of the eligible children. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 19.0 and Epi-Info version 6.0. Result: Out of the 300 children studied, 87 (29%) were found to have under weight, 21 (7%) were wasted, and 93 (31%) were stunted. The majority (65%) of the mothers/caregivers have no form of formal education. There was a significant statistical association between maternal literacy status and occurrence of malnutrition (specifically stunting) among the children studied. (X 2 = 26.2, df = 1, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal literacy has a significant relationship with the nutritional status of children. Therefore, there is the need to promote and encourage female/girl child education in the communities in order to empower them to know the right type of food and the right way to give it in the right quantity. This will help to prevent the occurrence of malnutrition among children, especially those under the age of 5 years.
背景:在世界范围内，大约一半的儿童死亡可直接或间接归因于营养不良。在尼日利亚，据报道，营养不良还与发病率和死亡率增加有关，因此，学龄前儿童中30%至40%的死亡与营养不良有关。因此，评估导致营养不良的因素对于减少和预防这些高死亡率至关重要。造成营养不良的一个因素是产妇的识字水平。目的:本研究旨在评估孕产妇识字率对尼日利亚西北部扎里亚Babban-dodo地区5岁以下儿童营养状况的影响。方法:采用多阶段抽样技术，对300名5岁以下儿童及其母亲/照顾者进行横断面描述性研究。该研究包括收集调查对象的社会人口学特征和符合条件的儿童的人体测量数据(体重、身高、中上臂围)。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件和Epi-Info version 6.0对数据进行分析。结果:在研究的300名儿童中，体重不足的有87名(29%)，消瘦的有21名(7%)，发育不良的有93名(31%)。大多数(65%)母亲/照料者没有接受过任何形式的正规教育。在被研究的儿童中，母亲的识字状况与营养不良(特别是发育迟缓)的发生率之间存在显著的统计关联。(x2 = 26.2, df = 1, P < 0.05)。结论:孕产妇文化水平与儿童营养状况有显著关系。因此，有必要促进和鼓励社区中的女性/女童教育，以使她们能够知道正确的食物种类和正确的方式提供适当数量的食物。这将有助于防止儿童，特别是5岁以下儿童出现营养不良。
{"title":"Effect of maternal literacy on nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in the Babban-Dodo community Zaria city, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"M. Sufiyan, S. Bashir, Ahmad A. Umar","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Worldwide, about a half of mortalities in children are directly or indirectly attributable to malnutrition. In Nigeria, malnutrition has also been reported to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such that 30-40% of deaths in the preschool age group are associated with malnutrition. Therefore, assessing the factors attributing to malnutrition is central to reducing and preventing these high mortalities. One attributable factor to malnutrition is the level of maternal literacy. Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of maternal literacy on the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in Babban-dodo, Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 300 children aged less than 5 years and their mothers/caregivers was conducted, using a multistage sampling technique. The study involved collecting information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and the anthropometric measurements (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference) of the eligible children. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 19.0 and Epi-Info version 6.0. Result: Out of the 300 children studied, 87 (29%) were found to have under weight, 21 (7%) were wasted, and 93 (31%) were stunted. The majority (65%) of the mothers/caregivers have no form of formal education. There was a significant statistical association between maternal literacy status and occurrence of malnutrition (specifically stunting) among the children studied. (X 2 = 26.2, df = 1, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal literacy has a significant relationship with the nutritional status of children. Therefore, there is the need to promote and encourage female/girl child education in the communities in order to empower them to know the right type of food and the right way to give it in the right quantity. This will help to prevent the occurrence of malnutrition among children, especially those under the age of 5 years.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130405530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108137
Rajdeep Saha, K. Rit, R. Dey
{"title":"Serratia marcescens in light of biofilm","authors":"Rajdeep Saha, K. Rit, R. Dey","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108130
O. F. Lukman, Mohammed A Datti, Okatubo Geoffrey, AbdulKadir M Yussuf, Rabiu Musbau, Owolabi D Shakira
Background: Medical coma is a common cause of admission in emergency unit, medical wards and intensive care unit. A better understanding of causes and outcome, especially in a resource poor setting, is key to planning and improving rational approach to the management of medical coma. The study was undertaken to evaluate common etiologies and outcome of non- traumatic coma among adult patients in a tertiary hospital in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, adults patients in coma admitted to medical emergency unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), over a period of 19 months, were consecutively recruited. Etiology of coma was determined on the basis of history, clinical examination, relevant laboratory and radiological investigations. Outcome, over one month was recorded. Functional outcome of the survivors was assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results: A total of 194 (140 males, 54 females) patients constituting 8.1% of all medical emergencies seen during the study period were recruited. GCS at presentation was 8 in eight (4.1%) patients, 7 in thirty (15.5%) patients, 6 in fifty eight (29.9%) patients, 5 in forty (20.6%) patients, 4 in 34 (17.5%) patients, and 3 in twenty four (12.4%) patients. Etiologies identified were infections (28.9%), toxic and metabolic causes (28.9%), and stroke (23.7%). Mortality was 49%. When compared with infective causes of coma as a whole, more deaths were recorded from strokes than infections (28/46 and 24/56 respectively), however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.070) with OR of 1.4, 95% CI (0.97-2.08). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.023) between patients with admission GCS of 3-5 and 6-8. Conclusion: Stroke, sepsis, diabetic emergencies and chronic kidney diseases were the most common etiologies of medical coma. Outcome of medical coma was comparable to what obtains in other places in the developing countries.
{"title":"Etiology and outcome of medical coma in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. F. Lukman, Mohammed A Datti, Okatubo Geoffrey, AbdulKadir M Yussuf, Rabiu Musbau, Owolabi D Shakira","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical coma is a common cause of admission in emergency unit, medical wards and intensive care unit. A better understanding of causes and outcome, especially in a resource poor setting, is key to planning and improving rational approach to the management of medical coma. The study was undertaken to evaluate common etiologies and outcome of non- traumatic coma among adult patients in a tertiary hospital in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, adults patients in coma admitted to medical emergency unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), over a period of 19 months, were consecutively recruited. Etiology of coma was determined on the basis of history, clinical examination, relevant laboratory and radiological investigations. Outcome, over one month was recorded. Functional outcome of the survivors was assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results: A total of 194 (140 males, 54 females) patients constituting 8.1% of all medical emergencies seen during the study period were recruited. GCS at presentation was 8 in eight (4.1%) patients, 7 in thirty (15.5%) patients, 6 in fifty eight (29.9%) patients, 5 in forty (20.6%) patients, 4 in 34 (17.5%) patients, and 3 in twenty four (12.4%) patients. Etiologies identified were infections (28.9%), toxic and metabolic causes (28.9%), and stroke (23.7%). Mortality was 49%. When compared with infective causes of coma as a whole, more deaths were recorded from strokes than infections (28/46 and 24/56 respectively), however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.070) with OR of 1.4, 95% CI (0.97-2.08). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.023) between patients with admission GCS of 3-5 and 6-8. Conclusion: Stroke, sepsis, diabetic emergencies and chronic kidney diseases were the most common etiologies of medical coma. Outcome of medical coma was comparable to what obtains in other places in the developing countries.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133903061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108128
A. Panti, Nwobodo Emmanuel Ikechukwu, Omokanye Lukman, A. Yakubu, Shehu Constance Egondu, Borodo Ahmed Tanko
Background: Ectopic pregnancy continues to be a life threatening gynaecological emergency. Objective: To determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in UDUTH Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases of ectopic pregnancy managed in the gynaecological unit of UDUTH from 1 st January 2002 to 31 st December 2011. Results: During the period, there was a total of 20,095 deliveries and 7,254 gynaecological admissions in the centre. Two hundred and ninety eight (298) patients had ectopic pregnancy accounting for 1.5% of all deliveries and 4.1% of all gynaecological admissions. Most of the affected patients were young nulliparous women. Abdominal pain, amenorrhoea, vaginal bleeding and cervical excitation tenderness were the most common clinical features amongst patients. The ampulla of the fallopian tube was the commonest site of implantation (59.7%) and majority of the cases (70.1%) were already ruptured at the time of presentation. The main mode of treatment was unilateral salpingectomy (76.3%) However, 3.8% of the patients benefited from medical treatment using methotrexate. The case fatality rate was 1.4%. Conclusion : The rate of ectopic pregnancy in the centre is relatively high. Majority of the patients presented late with the ruptured variety. Improvement in health seeking behaviour among our populace coupled with high index of suspicion and use of modern diagnostic techniques by the clinicians will assist in early diagnosis and treatment prior to tubal rupture which will ultimately lead to reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.
{"title":"Ectopic pregnancy at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto: A ten year review","authors":"A. Panti, Nwobodo Emmanuel Ikechukwu, Omokanye Lukman, A. Yakubu, Shehu Constance Egondu, Borodo Ahmed Tanko","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ectopic pregnancy continues to be a life threatening gynaecological emergency. Objective: To determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in UDUTH Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases of ectopic pregnancy managed in the gynaecological unit of UDUTH from 1 st January 2002 to 31 st December 2011. Results: During the period, there was a total of 20,095 deliveries and 7,254 gynaecological admissions in the centre. Two hundred and ninety eight (298) patients had ectopic pregnancy accounting for 1.5% of all deliveries and 4.1% of all gynaecological admissions. Most of the affected patients were young nulliparous women. Abdominal pain, amenorrhoea, vaginal bleeding and cervical excitation tenderness were the most common clinical features amongst patients. The ampulla of the fallopian tube was the commonest site of implantation (59.7%) and majority of the cases (70.1%) were already ruptured at the time of presentation. The main mode of treatment was unilateral salpingectomy (76.3%) However, 3.8% of the patients benefited from medical treatment using methotrexate. The case fatality rate was 1.4%. Conclusion : The rate of ectopic pregnancy in the centre is relatively high. Majority of the patients presented late with the ruptured variety. Improvement in health seeking behaviour among our populace coupled with high index of suspicion and use of modern diagnostic techniques by the clinicians will assist in early diagnosis and treatment prior to tubal rupture which will ultimately lead to reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127431404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108126
M. Sufiyan, S. Ahmad
Background: Globally, deaths and injuries from road crashes are a major and growing public health problem. More than 20 million people are severely injured or killed on the world′s road each year and the burden falls most heavily on low income countries. Commercial motorcycling is gaining acceptance by all, as the transport system possesses several features which are adapted to the contemporary Nigerian society. However, many of the commercial motorcycle riders lack proper knowledge on road safety measures as such together with the passengers they carry are exposed to all the hazards of motorcycling including accidents. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and compliance with safety protective devices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun-Wada Zaria local Government area of Kaduna state North-western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 250 commercial motorcyclists who were randomly selected using multistage sampling technique in Tudun-Wada ward of Zaria local Government Area of Kaduna state. A pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and Epi-info 6.0. Results: All the 250 respondents were males; with majority (72.4%) of them within the age range 20-29 years. Thirty percent of the respondents had no formal education and 28.8% of them are not registered with appropriate authorities. Majority of the respondents (75.6%) did not receive any formal training before commencement of the business. Also, 89.2% have poor knowledge on safety protective devices, while 95.2% have a poor attitude. In terms of compliance with safety protective devices, 86.4% of the respondents have poor compliance. None of the respondents had helmet worn during the survey period. Seventy six percent (76.4%) of the respondents have been involved in accident and 68.6% of which occurred 6 months preceding the study with lower limb most affected (accounting for 44.5%). Conclusion: Commercial motorcycling is essentially done by males who have not received any formal training for the job; hence, they lack adequate basic knowledge on safety protective devices and as such their attitude and compliance with safety protective device is poor. The predominant type of injury they sustained was that of the lower limb, and a significant proportion of them sustained multiple injuries. There is a statistically significant relationship between the educational status of the respondents and their attitude towards use of safety protective devices. Therefore, ensuring formal training, vigorous enlightenment campaigns and enforcement on the use of safety protective devices by the relevant key authorities is necessary in order to reduce the high prevalence of accidents and injuries among commercial motorcycle riders.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and compliance with safety protective devices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun-Wada Zaria, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"M. Sufiyan, S. Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108126","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, deaths and injuries from road crashes are a major and growing public health problem. More than 20 million people are severely injured or killed on the world′s road each year and the burden falls most heavily on low income countries. Commercial motorcycling is gaining acceptance by all, as the transport system possesses several features which are adapted to the contemporary Nigerian society. However, many of the commercial motorcycle riders lack proper knowledge on road safety measures as such together with the passengers they carry are exposed to all the hazards of motorcycling including accidents. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and compliance with safety protective devices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun-Wada Zaria local Government area of Kaduna state North-western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 250 commercial motorcyclists who were randomly selected using multistage sampling technique in Tudun-Wada ward of Zaria local Government Area of Kaduna state. A pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and Epi-info 6.0. Results: All the 250 respondents were males; with majority (72.4%) of them within the age range 20-29 years. Thirty percent of the respondents had no formal education and 28.8% of them are not registered with appropriate authorities. Majority of the respondents (75.6%) did not receive any formal training before commencement of the business. Also, 89.2% have poor knowledge on safety protective devices, while 95.2% have a poor attitude. In terms of compliance with safety protective devices, 86.4% of the respondents have poor compliance. None of the respondents had helmet worn during the survey period. Seventy six percent (76.4%) of the respondents have been involved in accident and 68.6% of which occurred 6 months preceding the study with lower limb most affected (accounting for 44.5%). Conclusion: Commercial motorcycling is essentially done by males who have not received any formal training for the job; hence, they lack adequate basic knowledge on safety protective devices and as such their attitude and compliance with safety protective device is poor. The predominant type of injury they sustained was that of the lower limb, and a significant proportion of them sustained multiple injuries. There is a statistically significant relationship between the educational status of the respondents and their attitude towards use of safety protective devices. Therefore, ensuring formal training, vigorous enlightenment campaigns and enforcement on the use of safety protective devices by the relevant key authorities is necessary in order to reduce the high prevalence of accidents and injuries among commercial motorcycle riders.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129417668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108118
M. Sufiyan, O. Ogunleye
Background: For years stone quarrying and crushing have been known as highly hazardous work, whereby workers are affected by many debilitating occupational health hazards and diseases. In Nigeria, the majority of quarry workers comprise people who are employed for manual labor, often under-educated and hence are not well grounded in the knowledge of the occupational safety measures required for the job. Aim: The aim was to determine the level of awareness and compliance with use of safety protective devices and the patterns of injury among quarry workers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 74 quarry workers who were randomly selected using the cluster-sampling technique in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area. A pretested semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and Epi-info 6.0. Results: All the 74 respondents interviewed were males, and majority (90.5%) of whom were between the ages of 15 and 44 years, with 25-34 years age group constituting 32.4%. More than one-third of them (39.2%) had Quranic education as their highest level of education, 29.7% and 27.0% of them had primary and secondary levels of education respectively. None of the respondents had tertiary education. On issues of work safety, 68.9% think their work is not safe. Majority of the respondents (97.3%) were aware of safety protective devices. A total of 89.2% use at least one safety protective device or the other at work. However, 71.6% of these use the devices always, showing a high level of compliance. Most of the respondents (81.1%) had experienced at least one workplace injury or the other in the past, most commonly was hand injury (80.0%), leg injury (30.0%), eye injury (11.7%), and facial injury (8.3%). The findings also showed a significant relationship between monthly income and use of safety protective devices at work (χ2 = 6.611, df = 2, P = 0.1) and between number of work-hours per day and stress at or after work (χ2 = 9.509, df = 2, P = 0.1). Conclusion: This study revealed that majority of the quarry workers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area knew that their job exposes them to health hazards. They have a high level of awareness on safety protective devices and use several of these devices, though with varying levels of compliance. Intensive health education campaigns and provision of adequately subsidized safety protective devices for the workers by the relevant authorities will go a long way in improving awareness and compliance with use of safety protective devices and reduction of hazards.
{"title":"Awareness and compliance with use of safety protective devices and patterns of injury among quarry workers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna state North-Western Nigeria","authors":"M. Sufiyan, O. Ogunleye","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For years stone quarrying and crushing have been known as highly hazardous work, whereby workers are affected by many debilitating occupational health hazards and diseases. In Nigeria, the majority of quarry workers comprise people who are employed for manual labor, often under-educated and hence are not well grounded in the knowledge of the occupational safety measures required for the job. Aim: The aim was to determine the level of awareness and compliance with use of safety protective devices and the patterns of injury among quarry workers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 74 quarry workers who were randomly selected using the cluster-sampling technique in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area. A pretested semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and Epi-info 6.0. Results: All the 74 respondents interviewed were males, and majority (90.5%) of whom were between the ages of 15 and 44 years, with 25-34 years age group constituting 32.4%. More than one-third of them (39.2%) had Quranic education as their highest level of education, 29.7% and 27.0% of them had primary and secondary levels of education respectively. None of the respondents had tertiary education. On issues of work safety, 68.9% think their work is not safe. Majority of the respondents (97.3%) were aware of safety protective devices. A total of 89.2% use at least one safety protective device or the other at work. However, 71.6% of these use the devices always, showing a high level of compliance. Most of the respondents (81.1%) had experienced at least one workplace injury or the other in the past, most commonly was hand injury (80.0%), leg injury (30.0%), eye injury (11.7%), and facial injury (8.3%). The findings also showed a significant relationship between monthly income and use of safety protective devices at work (χ2 = 6.611, df = 2, P = 0.1) and between number of work-hours per day and stress at or after work (χ2 = 9.509, df = 2, P = 0.1). Conclusion: This study revealed that majority of the quarry workers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area knew that their job exposes them to health hazards. They have a high level of awareness on safety protective devices and use several of these devices, though with varying levels of compliance. Intensive health education campaigns and provision of adequately subsidized safety protective devices for the workers by the relevant authorities will go a long way in improving awareness and compliance with use of safety protective devices and reduction of hazards.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108123
D. Irabor
Background: Colorectal cancer has for a long time occurred at lower rates in the native Africans than in the Caucasians. The reasons adduced include lack of pre-malignant conditions like polyps and ulcerative colitis and mostly to the high fiber, low animal protein diet that Africans consume. Nigeria has a low colorectal cancer incidence and within this milieu the incidence between the various ethnic tribes also varies with some particular tribes exhibiting negligible incidence rates. If moving from a location of low colorectal cancer incidence to one of high colorectal cancer incidence predisposes one to develop the disease, could not the converse apply and those with a predisposition to developing the disease experience some protection when they live or interact with those with negligible predisposition? Aim: This study is aimed at giving an impetus to research within the ethnic regions of Nigeria with the lowest colorectal cancer incidence in a bid to unravel the cancer preventive factors either in their diet or environment for the good of those from the Western world. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing the records of patients who had surgery for colorectal cancer at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2010 with particular attention to the ethnic groups to which they belong. Results: From 2002 to 2010, a total of 500 colorectal cancer cases were operated on at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, giving an annual rate of about 63 patients. Out of these patients, 73% were Yoruba (the dominant and indigenous ethnic group in Ibadan), 13.5% were Ibo, and 12.9% were from Bendel, while Hausa, cross-river and rivers made up the remaining 1.5%, 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Conclusion: There is no doubt that while Nigeria as a whole is regarded as a country with low colorectal cancer incidence, there are regions within the country where the incidence is almost negligible. I believe further research into these areas may improve our understanding of chemo-preventive factors, which can only augur well for the global measures in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Ethnic differences in colon and rectal cancer incidence in Nigeria: A case of dietary determinants?","authors":"D. Irabor","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.108123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.108123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer has for a long time occurred at lower rates in the native Africans than in the Caucasians. The reasons adduced include lack of pre-malignant conditions like polyps and ulcerative colitis and mostly to the high fiber, low animal protein diet that Africans consume. Nigeria has a low colorectal cancer incidence and within this milieu the incidence between the various ethnic tribes also varies with some particular tribes exhibiting negligible incidence rates. If moving from a location of low colorectal cancer incidence to one of high colorectal cancer incidence predisposes one to develop the disease, could not the converse apply and those with a predisposition to developing the disease experience some protection when they live or interact with those with negligible predisposition? Aim: This study is aimed at giving an impetus to research within the ethnic regions of Nigeria with the lowest colorectal cancer incidence in a bid to unravel the cancer preventive factors either in their diet or environment for the good of those from the Western world. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing the records of patients who had surgery for colorectal cancer at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2010 with particular attention to the ethnic groups to which they belong. Results: From 2002 to 2010, a total of 500 colorectal cancer cases were operated on at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, giving an annual rate of about 63 patients. Out of these patients, 73% were Yoruba (the dominant and indigenous ethnic group in Ibadan), 13.5% were Ibo, and 12.9% were from Bendel, while Hausa, cross-river and rivers made up the remaining 1.5%, 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Conclusion: There is no doubt that while Nigeria as a whole is regarded as a country with low colorectal cancer incidence, there are regions within the country where the incidence is almost negligible. I believe further research into these areas may improve our understanding of chemo-preventive factors, which can only augur well for the global measures in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128633454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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