Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.31585/jbba-vol.1-issue.2-december-2018
N. Naqvi
{"title":"Full Text PDF of JBBA Vol 1, Issue 2: December 2018","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-vol.1-issue.2-december-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-vol.1-issue.2-december-2018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75931476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(3)2018
K. Curran
Building a secure electronic voting system is a difficult task. The US Pentagon dropped their proposed online voting system which would have given overseas military personnel the opportunity to vote in the elections in 2005, citing the inability to ensure the legitimacy of votes as the reason. There is however a new cry in the wild to deploy a voting blockchain. The blockchain serves as a public ledger of transactions which cannot be reversed. The all-important consensus of transaction (i.e. legitimate votes) is achieved through 'miners' agreeing to validate new records being added. Whenever a new insertion is to be made e.g. votes, then a new transaction record is created by a voter adding details of their cast vote to the blockchain. Should it be deemed a valid transaction then the new vote is added to the end of the blockchain and remains there forever. What is neat about this solution is the fact that no centralized authority is needed to approve the votes but rather a majority consensus. Here everyone agrees on the final tally as they can count the votes themselves & because of the blockchain audit trail, anyone can verify that no votes were tampered with and no illegitimate votes were inserted. This paper discusses the application of blockchain to voting.
{"title":"E-Voting on the Blockchain","authors":"K. Curran","doi":"10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(3)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(3)2018","url":null,"abstract":"Building a secure electronic voting system is a difficult task. The US Pentagon dropped their proposed online voting system which would have given overseas military personnel the opportunity to vote in the elections in 2005, citing the inability to ensure the legitimacy of votes as the reason. There is however a new cry in the wild to deploy a voting blockchain. The blockchain serves as a public ledger of transactions which cannot be reversed. The all-important consensus of transaction (i.e. legitimate votes) is achieved through 'miners' agreeing to validate new records being added. Whenever a new insertion is to be made e.g. votes, then a new transaction record is created by a voter adding details of their cast vote to the blockchain. Should it be deemed a valid transaction then the new vote is added to the end of the blockchain and remains there forever. What is neat about this solution is the fact that no centralized authority is needed to approve the votes but rather a majority consensus. Here everyone agrees on the final tally as they can count the votes themselves & because of the blockchain audit trail, anyone can verify that no votes were tampered with and no illegitimate votes were inserted. This paper discusses the application of blockchain to voting.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75497987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.31585/jbba-1-2-(10)2018
N. Naqvi
{"title":"Editorial, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2018","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-1-2-(10)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-1-2-(10)2018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87855542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(6)2018
Peter Robinson
Ethereum Private Sidechains are permissioned Ethereum blockchains which allow authorised participants to interact privately using Smart Contracts. Permissioned blockchains are appropriate for use in scenarios in which the list of blockchain participants and the code and state of contracts on the blockchain must be kept secret. Ethereum Registration Authorities are a system of Smart Contracts which can be used to resolve bootstrap information based on domain names to allow Ethereum Private Sidechains to be established between parties which have not previously interacted. This paper presents the architecture, design, and gas usage of a reference implementation for the Ethereum Registration Authority system. It analyses the security properties of the system and shows that it is secure, decentralized, and censorship resistant. The reference implementation gas usage is analysed and shown to be independent of the length of domain name and number of entries in the Smart Contracts.
{"title":"Using Ethereum Registration Authorities to establish Trust for Ethereum Private Sidechains","authors":"Peter Robinson","doi":"10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(6)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(6)2018","url":null,"abstract":"Ethereum Private Sidechains are permissioned Ethereum blockchains which allow authorised participants to interact privately using Smart Contracts. Permissioned blockchains are appropriate for use in scenarios in which the list of blockchain participants and the code and state of contracts on the blockchain must be kept secret. Ethereum Registration Authorities are a system of Smart Contracts which can be used to resolve bootstrap information based on domain names to allow Ethereum Private Sidechains to be established between parties which have not previously interacted. \u0000This paper presents the architecture, design, and gas usage of a reference implementation for the Ethereum Registration Authority system. It analyses the security properties of the system and shows that it is secure, decentralized, and censorship resistant. The reference implementation gas usage is analysed and shown to be independent of the length of domain name and number of entries in the Smart Contracts.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"1995 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.31585/jbba-1-2-(11)2018
N. Naqvi
In this exclusive interview to the Journal of the British Blockchain Association, Andreas M. Antonopoulos discusses blockchain research, bitcoin, future of decentralisation, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, censorship resistance, and open access publishing.
在接受《英国区块链协会杂志》独家采访时，Andreas M. Antonopoulos讨论了区块链研究、比特币、去中心化的未来、未来的挑战和机遇、审查阻力和开放获取出版。
{"title":"Interview with Andreas M. Antonopoulos","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-1-2-(11)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-1-2-(11)2018","url":null,"abstract":"In this exclusive interview to the Journal of the British Blockchain Association, Andreas M. Antonopoulos discusses blockchain research, bitcoin, future of decentralisation, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, censorship resistance, and open access publishing.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.31585/jbba-1-2-(13)2018
N. Naqvi
Despite incredible advancements over the last decade in converting paper healthcare records into digital, a vast majority of consumers lack timely access to their electronic medical records. Many people cannot manage and utilise their healthcare records any better than they could a decade ago or even three decades ago. While it can be easy for some to point the finger at the bureaucracy and red tape of healthcare institutions, the truth is that many of these institutions would like to share data with their patients but don’t have a secure and easy way to do this. This has been a challenging dilemma because many medical providers use different electronic health record (EHR) systems that do not talk to each other.. This becomes a significant problem as patients are often caught in the middle of the healthcare industry’s interoperability and without solutions that can provide secure, universal access to their healthcare data. In this interview, Chrissa McFarlane talks about how a Blockchain based healthcare solutions can empower patients, clinicians and healthcare organizations to readily harness meaningful data to make more effective and efficient treatment, and financial decisions, enabling real improvement opportunities as well as the safe access, store and transfer of information, thus improving care coordination while ensuring data security.
{"title":"Interview with Chrissa McFarlane","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-1-2-(13)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-1-2-(13)2018","url":null,"abstract":"Despite incredible advancements over the last decade in converting paper healthcare records into digital, a vast majority of consumers lack timely access to their electronic medical records. Many people cannot manage and utilise their healthcare records any better than they could a decade ago or even three decades ago. While it can be easy for some to point the finger at the bureaucracy and red tape of healthcare institutions, the truth is that many of these institutions would like to share data with their patients but don’t have a secure and easy way to do this. This has been a challenging dilemma because many medical providers use different electronic health record (EHR) systems that do not talk to each other.. This becomes a significant problem as patients are often caught in the middle of the healthcare industry’s interoperability and without solutions that can provide secure, universal access to their healthcare data. \u0000\u0000In this interview, Chrissa McFarlane talks about how a Blockchain based healthcare solutions can empower patients, clinicians and healthcare organizations to readily harness meaningful data to make more effective and efficient treatment, and financial decisions, enabling real improvement opportunities as well as the safe access, store and transfer of information, thus improving care coordination while ensuring data security.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82619382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-03DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(9)2018
E. Vermeulen, M. Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal
We live in a world that has historically been dominated by centralized, hierarchical organizations. Such organizations are characterized by (i) a centralized source of authority; (ii) a formal hierarchy with clearly defined “roles”; and, (iii) standardized operational systems and procedures dictated by that centralized authority/hierarchy. This type of organization has exerted an enormous influence on modern political, economic and social life, particularly in a business context. Regulatory models have been designed to support and sustain businesses organized in this way. Today, however, new digital technologies are disrupting this “old world” and introducing a shift in the practices and mindset of our society. New technologies are driving the emergence of “flatter”, more decentralized forms of organization. In this paper, we offer an analysis of how blockchain and related distributed ledger technologies are disrupting corporate organizations as an illustration of this broader “digital transformation.” The paper briefly introduces the digital transformation and main argument (Section 1); then considers how the digital transformation has led to the emergence of “platform” companies (Section 2). Since blockchain technology can be viewed as a next step in the “digital development” of a corporate organization, the paper then discusses the main features of blockchain technologies and smart contracts (Sections 3 & 4) and examines the often-made claim that these technologies are all just hype / a fad (Section 5). Section 6 explores why these technologies are so potentially disruptive in a business context and then introduces several examples of such blockchain-based business organizations, as well as possible future developments (Sections 7 and 8). Section 9 concludes.
{"title":"Why Blockchain will Disrupt Corporate Organizations: What can be Learned from the “Digital Transformation”","authors":"E. Vermeulen, M. Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal","doi":"10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(9)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(9)2018","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a world that has historically been dominated by centralized, hierarchical organizations. Such organizations are characterized by (i) a centralized source of authority; (ii) a formal hierarchy with clearly defined “roles”; and, (iii) standardized operational systems and procedures dictated by that centralized authority/hierarchy. This type of organization has exerted an enormous influence on modern political, economic and social life, particularly in a business context. Regulatory models have been designed to support and sustain businesses organized in this way. Today, however, new digital technologies are disrupting this “old world” and introducing a shift in the practices and mindset of our society. New technologies are driving the emergence of “flatter”, more decentralized forms of organization. \u0000\u0000In this paper, we offer an analysis of how blockchain and related distributed ledger technologies are disrupting corporate organizations as an illustration of this broader “digital transformation.” The paper briefly introduces the digital transformation and main argument (Section 1); then considers how the digital transformation has led to the emergence of “platform” companies (Section 2). Since blockchain technology can be viewed as a next step in the “digital development” of a corporate organization, the paper then discusses the main features of blockchain technologies and smart contracts (Sections 3 & 4) and examines the often-made claim that these technologies are all just hype / a fad (Section 5). Section 6 explores why these technologies are so potentially disruptive in a business context and then introduces several examples of such blockchain-based business organizations, as well as possible future developments (Sections 7 and 8). Section 9 concludes.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89915962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.31585/jbba-1-2-(12)2018
N. Naqvi, M. Hussain
The traditional Medical Education ecosystems are largely centralised and confined to the boundaries of academic institutions. Rather than promoting efficiency and global forward thinking, a number of medical institutions have become inwardly focused, confining themselves to their own institutional rules and frameworks. In the past two years, the utility of blockchain in the higher education setting has been extensively studied. A blockchain is essentially a distributed, immutable, trustworthy, decentralised database that keeps an irreversible, time-stamped record of transfer of value between users for every operation that has ever been carried out on its network. This has traditionally been used in cryptocurrency transactions, however, with the rise of blockchain based Decentralised Applications (DApps), the potential benefits of this ground-breaking technology in higher education are now being explored. Although still in the early developmental stages, blockchain holds promising potential for use in medical education. Some of these are budding hypothesis while in other areas, we have witnessed real, tangible progress. This article analyses the potential use cases for blockchain deployment in medical education ecosystems, to improve the efficiency, security, functionality and effectiveness of existing infrastructures. We conclude the essay by proposing how blockchain can eliminate the growing problem of fraudulent academic accreditations
{"title":"Medical Education on the Blockchain","authors":"N. Naqvi, M. Hussain","doi":"10.31585/jbba-1-2-(12)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-1-2-(12)2018","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional Medical Education ecosystems are largely centralised and confined to the boundaries of academic institutions. Rather than promoting efficiency and global forward thinking, a number of medical institutions have become inwardly focused, confining themselves to their own institutional rules and frameworks. In the past two years, the utility of blockchain in the higher education setting has been extensively studied. A blockchain is essentially a distributed, immutable, trustworthy, decentralised database that keeps an irreversible, time-stamped record of transfer of value between users for every operation that has ever been carried out on its network. This has traditionally been used in cryptocurrency transactions, however, with the rise of blockchain based Decentralised Applications (DApps), the potential benefits of this ground-breaking technology in higher education are now being explored. Although still in the early developmental stages, blockchain holds promising potential for use in medical education. Some of these are budding hypothesis while in other areas, we have witnessed real, tangible progress. \u0000\u0000This article analyses the potential use cases for blockchain deployment in medical education ecosystems, to improve the efficiency, security, functionality and effectiveness of existing infrastructures. We conclude the essay by proposing how blockchain can eliminate the growing problem of fraudulent academic accreditations","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74884474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(7)2018
S. Kampakis
Blockchain technology has facilitated the creation of artificial economies based on tokens and cryptocurrencies. These artificial economies can be different from the real economies in many aspects. They are more narrowly focused around the provisioning of only a few (sometimes only one) good or services. There is lots of flexibility around how the token economy is structured, since blockchain technology allows the development of smart contracts to control the issuance or burning of tokens under any arbitrary conditions. Also, there are other types of exogenous risks, such as new kinds of regulations, and speculative or hacking attacks on exchanges. This means, that many of the tools, theories and methods that apply in economics do not apply in the case of token economies. The tokenomist needs to sometimes come up with new models and tools for each individual case. Since tokenomics is a new field, the open discussion around tools and methods is extremely important, and can speed up the development of methods that will turn into standards. This article outlines three different case studies around tokenomics and discusses how the problems in each case were approached.
{"title":"Three Case Studies in Tokenomics","authors":"S. Kampakis","doi":"10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(7)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(7)2018","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology has facilitated the creation of artificial economies based on tokens and cryptocurrencies. These artificial economies can be different from the real economies in many aspects. They are more narrowly focused around the provisioning of only a few (sometimes only one) good or services. There is lots of flexibility around how the token economy is structured, since blockchain technology allows the development of smart contracts to control the issuance or burning of tokens under any arbitrary conditions. Also, there are other types of exogenous risks, such as new kinds of regulations, and speculative or hacking attacks on exchanges. This means, that many of the tools, theories and methods that apply in economics do not apply in the case of token economies. The tokenomist needs to sometimes come up with new models and tools for each individual case. Since tokenomics is a new field, the open discussion around tools and methods is extremely important, and can speed up the development of methods that will turn into standards. This article outlines three different case studies around tokenomics and discusses how the problems in each case were approached.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91187227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(2)2018
J. Pazos
A framework to value utility tokens would allow for more transparent Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) and help in the development of digital assets. In this paper, we derive a formula to value utility tokens and the network that supports it. As expected, the value of a network doesn't depend on the number of tokens issued as that variable doesn't appear in the formula. The value of the network is directly proportional to the price of the resource being provided and the size of the serviceable obtainable market for that resource. Also, it is inversely proportional to the velocity of the token. In section 4 we derived a formula for a crypto conversion factor that relates the price of the token to the price of the resource provided, the factor is not linear and has Seven variables. We believe that by making these formulas available to the Blockchain/DLT community, we can help network developers to understand how key variables impact the value of the network, they are trying to build.
{"title":"Valuation of Utility Tokens based on the Quantity Theory of Money","authors":"J. Pazos","doi":"10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(2)2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/JBBA-1-2-(2)2018","url":null,"abstract":"A framework to value utility tokens would allow for more transparent\u0000Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) and help in the development of digital assets.\u0000In this paper, we derive a formula to value utility tokens and the network\u0000that supports it. As expected, the value of a network doesn't depend on the\u0000number of tokens issued as that variable doesn't appear in the formula. The\u0000value of the network is directly proportional to the price of the resource being\u0000provided and the size of the serviceable obtainable market for that resource.\u0000Also, it is inversely proportional to the velocity of the token. In section 4 we\u0000derived a formula for a crypto conversion factor that relates the price of the\u0000token to the price of the resource provided, the factor is not linear and has\u0000Seven variables. We believe that by making these formulas available to the\u0000Blockchain/DLT community, we can help network developers to understand\u0000how key variables impact the value of the network, they are trying to build.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82746480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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