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Creation of a Self-Sustaining Token Economy 创建一个自我维持的代币经济
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(4)2022
O. Letychevskyi
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引用次数: 1
Blockchain Adoption Factors, Enablers, and Barriers in Fisheries Supply Chain: Preliminary Findings from a Systematic Literature Review 渔业供应链中的区块链采用因素、推动因素和障碍:系统文献综述的初步发现
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(3)2022
Colin Callinan
Technological adoption has become a key goal of digital transformation within firms, affecting many facets of an organisation, such as attaining competitive advantage, increased revenue, reduction of operational costs, and improving operational efficiency. Blockchain as a decentralised peer-to-peer technology appears uniquely suited to being deployed within complex food supply chains such as the fisheries industry, which is the focus of this study. In this context, blockchain technology can be used for a variety of purposes, such as providence authentication, handling and storage, transparency, counterfeit prevention, food forensics, and enhanced supply chain resilience. The purpose of this study is to synthesise existing research on the interrelationship between blockchain technology and the factors that determine adoption, as well as identifying the enablers and barriers. This preliminary work identified key themes emerging from the blockchain literature, suggesting that adoption factors are wide ranging, encompassing aspects including organisational readiness, security, complexity, partnerships, competition, governmental influence, and transparency. The thematic analysis of enablers and barriers to blockchain adoption identified the broad theme of resources as the key enabler and integration as the key barrier. These preliminary findings add to the growing body of research, including increased understanding of the current state of academic research in the areas of blockchain adoption factors, blockchain adoption in supply chains, blockchain adoption in the fisheries industry, and the enablers and barriers to adoption. This study is the initial step in a large-scale study with the next phase comprising case studies of specific fishery supply chain stakeholders. – Supply Chain – Fisheries.
技术采用已成为企业数字化转型的关键目标,影响着组织的许多方面,如获得竞争优势、增加收入、降低运营成本和提高运营效率。区块链作为一种分散的点对点技术,似乎特别适合部署在复杂的食品供应链中,如渔业,这是本研究的重点。在这种情况下,区块链技术可以用于各种目的,例如providence认证、处理和存储、透明度、防伪、食品取证和增强供应链弹性。本研究的目的是综合现有的关于区块链技术与决定采用的因素之间相互关系的研究,并确定推动因素和障碍。这项初步工作确定了区块链文献中出现的关键主题,表明采用因素范围广泛,包括组织准备程度、安全性、复杂性、伙伴关系、竞争、政府影响和透明度等方面。对区块链采用的推动因素和障碍的专题分析确定了资源作为关键推动因素和集成作为关键障碍的广泛主题。这些初步发现增加了越来越多的研究,包括加深对区块链采用因素、区块链在供应链中的采用、区块链在渔业中的采用以及采用的推动因素和障碍等领域的学术研究现状的了解。这项研究是大规模研究的第一步,下一阶段包括对特定渔业供应链利益相关者的案例研究。-供应链-渔业。
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引用次数: 12
Non-fungible Tokens as an Alternative Investment – Evidence from CryptoPunks 不可替代的代币作为一种替代投资——来自加密朋克的证据
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(2)2022
S. Kampakis
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引用次数: 24
Can Blockchain Take Smartphones Out of Contact Tracing? 区块链能让智能手机摆脱接触追踪吗?
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(1)2022
Oritsebawo Paul Ikpobe
The global public health crisis caused by the emergence and spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been devastating, prompting the need for immediate countermeasures to curb its spread, especially in the absence of any approved treatment shortly after its onset This crisis has highlighted the gap in current contact tracing systems, which require massive public participation to be effective but lack a high degree of public acceptance. This low acceptance is mainly due to concerns regarding personal data privacy and guaranteed data protection, hindering the success of existing systems. We evaluate the use of blockchain to improve contact tracing and provide a solution to effectively track the spread of an epidemic, using COVID-19 as a relevant use case. The key requirements of the proposed system include protecting user data, maintaining full transparency using a decentralised system, and eliminating the need for global positioning system or personal data for contact tracing A proof-of-concept system uses a private blockchain to secure and manage data collected at various locations using a mobile application or stored-value contactless smart cards. Contact tracing is performed via smart contracts over the blockchain using the collected data. We confirm the improvements provided by the proposed system for contact tracing.
由冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的出现和传播引起的全球公共卫生危机是毁灭性的,需要立即采取对策遏制其传播,特别是在疫情发生后不久就没有任何获批准的治疗方法的情况下。这场危机凸显了目前接触者追踪系统的差距,这些系统需要大量公众参与才能发挥作用,但缺乏公众的高度接受。这种低接受度主要是由于对个人资料私隐和保障资料的担忧,阻碍了现有系统的成功。我们以COVID-19为相关用例,评估区块链在改善接触者追踪方面的应用,并提供有效追踪疫情传播的解决方案。拟议系统的关键要求包括保护用户数据,使用分散的系统保持完全的透明度,以及消除对全球定位系统或个人数据进行接触追踪的需求。概念验证系统使用私有区块链来保护和管理使用移动应用程序或存储价值非接触式智能卡在不同地点收集的数据。联系人跟踪是通过使用收集到的数据通过区块链上的智能合约执行的。我们确认拟议的接触者追踪系统所提供的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Consortium Capabilities for Enterprise Blockchain Success 企业区块链成功的联盟能力
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(4)2021
Matthew Kaufman, Stanton Heister, Kristi Yuthas
Enterprise blockchain projects have great promise. They can cut costs and promote efficiency through disintermediation, increase transparency for tracking intercompany transactions, expand knowledge through consortia databases, and improve workflows through shared business processes. Despite its potential, blockchain technology has failed to produce promised benefits for enter-prise networks. While the underlying technology has advanced rapidly, managerial capabilities needed to form and manage blockchain consortia have lagged and as a result, few consortia have succeeded. This paper reviews the extant literature on blockchain consortia and provides a frame-work that identifies 1) foundational conditions that precede effective consortium formation, 2) capabilities required for effective consortium functioning and evolution, and 3) partner and ecosystem-level outcomes associated with successful blockchain projects.
企业区块链项目前景广阔。它们可以通过去中介化降低成本并提高效率,增加跟踪公司间交易的透明度,通过联盟数据库扩展知识,并通过共享业务流程改进工作流程。尽管区块链技术具有潜力,但它未能为企业网络带来承诺的好处。虽然底层技术发展迅速,但组建和管理区块链联盟所需的管理能力却落后了,因此,很少有联盟成功。本文回顾了关于区块链联盟的现有文献,并提供了一个框架,该框架确定了1)有效联盟形成之前的基本条件,2)有效联盟运作和进化所需的能力,以及3)与成功的区块链项目相关的合作伙伴和生态系统级结果。
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引用次数: 6
Blockchain-hosted Data Access Agreements for Remote Condition Monitoring in Rail 区块链托管的铁路远程状态监测数据访问协议
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(3)2021
Rahma A. Alzahrani, Simon J. Herko, J. Easton
Advances in sensor technologies, remote authentication, and high bandwidth data networks mean that Remote Condition Monitoring (RCM) systems are now an essential 'Internet of Things' (IoT) resource for the efficient operation of railway infrastructure. However, the full potential of the big data generated by these systems has yet to be realized. RCM data within the industry is typically collected and used in silos, with limited possibility of exploitation across system boundaries. In 2013, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), on behalf of the GB Rail industry, established a cross-industry research program, T1010, which aimed to build stronger cooperation between stakeholders and enable sharing of RCM data. Building on the outputs of T1010, this work explores the use of blockchains and smart contracts in the automation, in an auditable and tamper-proof way, of commercial agreements for RCM data transfers in rail. By removing the limitations of paper-based agreements, we aim to enable innovation in shared business processes and stimulate the market for RCM data in rail. Leveraging existing smart contract-based schemes for trading and sharing IoT data over blockchain networks, we identify suitable methods for the enforcement of agreements, and ensure fair cost attribution between stakeholders, without a Trusted Third Party. The outline of a blockchain-based RCM data audit framework is presented, appropriate data access agreements and accounting models are specified in detail, and three permissioned blockchain platforms (Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, and Iroha) have been analysed for their suitability for implementation. Finally, the paper outlines planned future work around validation of the tools based on two industrial use cases: monitoring systems for unattended overhead line equipment and axle bearings.
传感器技术、远程认证和高带宽数据网络的进步意味着远程状态监测(RCM)系统现在是铁路基础设施高效运行的重要“物联网”(IoT)资源。然而,这些系统产生的大数据的全部潜力尚未实现。行业内的RCM数据通常在筒仓中收集和使用,跨系统边界开发的可能性有限。2013年,铁路安全与标准委员会(RSSB)代表英国铁路行业建立了一个跨行业研究项目T1010,旨在加强利益相关者之间的合作,实现RCM数据的共享。在T1010输出的基础上,本工作探索了区块链和智能合约在自动化中的使用,以可审计和防篡改的方式,用于铁路RCM数据传输的商业协议。通过消除纸质协议的限制,我们的目标是在共享业务流程中实现创新,并刺激铁路RCM数据市场。利用现有的基于智能合约的方案,在区块链网络上交易和共享物联网数据,我们确定了执行协议的合适方法,并确保在没有可信第三方的情况下,利益相关者之间公平的成本归属。提出了基于区块链的RCM数据审计框架的大纲,详细指定了适当的数据访问协议和会计模型,并分析了三个许可的区块链平台(Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth和Iroha)的实施适用性。最后,本文概述了基于两种工业用例的工具验证计划的未来工作:无人值勤架空线路设备和轴轴承的监控系统。
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引用次数: 3
Principles of Natural Resource Economics for Bitcoin 比特币的自然资源经济学原理
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(2)2021
P. Goorha
To assess claims such as Bitcoin is ‘digital gold’ it makes sense to examine whether Bitcoin exhibits features common to other exhaustible natural resources that are the concern of natural resource economists. We therefore present some foundational ideas in the economics of exhaustible resources and examine their relevance to Bitcoin. There are several useful similarities but also some key differences, chiefly with respect to how miners manage inventories, or their ‘inventory policy’. Therefore, to highlight this aspect, we use a simple model for any physical natural resource and introduce sensitivity to a capital-to-energy ratio. The resulting policy for Bitcoin miner over a halving cycle is not unlike a traditional miner in that optimal inventories are determined by optimal capital investments over the entire duration of the cycle.
为了评估比特币是“数字黄金”之类的说法,有必要研究一下比特币是否具有其他可耗尽自然资源的共同特征,而这些特征正是自然资源经济学家所关注的。因此,我们提出了可耗尽资源经济学中的一些基本思想,并研究了它们与比特币的相关性。它们有一些有用的相似之处,但也有一些关键的差异,主要是在矿商如何管理库存或他们的“库存政策”方面。因此,为了强调这一点,我们对任何物理自然资源使用一个简单的模型,并引入对资本-能量比的敏感性。比特币矿商在减半周期内的政策与传统矿商没有什么不同,因为最优库存是由整个周期内的最优资本投资决定的。
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引用次数: 0
Blockchain Network as a Platform: Conceptualising its Adapted Layered Architecture Design 区块链作为平台的网络:其自适应分层架构设计的概念化
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-4-2-(1)2021
Runyu Shi
Digital platform as an organising logic has prominently reshaped the innovation activities in many sectors. Previous studies have extensively investigated the digital platforms from two views: economic view (i.e., as a sided marketplace) and engineering view (i.e., as an innovation infrastructure). Blockchain---a digital artefact that connects the distributed ledgers, resembles great overlaps and specifics to digital platforms. Building on this aspect, I first demarcate the Blockchain Product as a Platform (BPaaP) informed by the economic view and the Blockchain Network as a Platform (BNaaP) inspired by the engineering view. Given the scant of research around BNaaP, this research aims to depict the BNaaP’s architectural design by drawing on the layered design of digital technologies. Using PingAn Group as a case, this research applies the thematic analysis method in analysing online open data. As the main contribution, this research proposes the Adapted Layered Architecture of BNaaP that consists of 1) three design layers(foundation layer, interaction layer, and application layer); 2) adapted business scenarios; 3) environmental factors. The suggested architectural design implies the BNaaP’s internal synergistic collaboration among layers and the external adaptability to different business contexts. Overall, this research provides a novel angle to understand the Blockchain phenomenon and brings insightful implications to Blockchain practitioners.
数字平台作为一种组织逻辑,显著地重塑了许多领域的创新活动。以往的研究从两个角度对数字平台进行了广泛的调查:经济角度(即作为一个侧面市场)和工程角度(即作为一个创新基础设施)。区块链——一个连接分布式账本的数字人工制品,类似于数字平台的巨大重叠和细节。在此基础上,我首先划分了区块链产品作为平台(BPaaP)的经济观点和区块链网络作为平台(BNaaP)的工程观点。鉴于围绕BNaaP的研究很少,本研究旨在通过借鉴数字技术的分层设计来描绘BNaaP的架构设计。本研究以平安集团为案例,运用主题分析法对在线开放数据进行分析。作为主要贡献,本研究提出了BNaaP的自适应分层架构,该架构包括:1)三个设计层(基础层、交互层和应用层);2)适应的业务场景;3)环境因素。建议的体系结构设计意味着BNaaP在各层之间的内部协同协作以及对不同业务上下文的外部适应性。总的来说,本研究为理解区块链现象提供了一个新的角度,并对区块链的实践者带来了深刻的启示。
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引用次数: 3
Investment Compliance in Hedge Funds using Zero Knowledge Proofs 使用零知识证明的对冲基金投资合规
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-4-1-(9)2021
K. Kalra
Financial Regulation is a form of compliance system that subjects financial institutions to certain requirements and restrictions. Investment Compliance is an example that involves investment restrictions and monitoring on behalf of investors. Hedge Funds differ from other traditional funds such as mutual funds because of their ability to employ complex investment and hedging techniques. These are private entities with few public disclosure requirements. This is useful in a way as the strategies used are confidential which allows financial agents to participate in the financial markets without any fear of information leakage, thereby promoting liquidity. However, this is often implied as the lack of transparency. Hedge Funds are expected to produce higher returns, but sometimes investors seek a risk guarantee in addition to higher returns. However, too much transparency rules out the incentives financial entities have by participating in the first place. On the other hand, too much secrecy may give rise to malicious entities that can break the rules due to a lack of compliance. We aim to solve this problem of protecting investors while ensuring the privacy of financial bodies using zero knowledge proofs. Proofs can be visualised as a way of providing enough information to investors while the zero-knowledge property of proofs maintains the privacy of the fund manager’s strategies. We propose a protocol to address this scenario using Zokrates, a framework for verifiable computation using Zk-SNARKs on Ethereum, to encode the constraints and export the verifier. Based on our implementation and analysis, it can be concluded that zero knowledge proofs provide us with a variety of ways to develop compliance
金融监管是一种使金融机构受到一定要求和限制的合规制度。投资合规是一个涉及代表投资者进行投资限制和监督的例子。对冲基金不同于共同基金等其他传统基金,因为它们有能力采用复杂的投资和对冲技术。这些都是私人实体,几乎没有公开披露的要求。这在某种程度上是有用的,因为所使用的策略是保密的,这使得金融代理人可以参与金融市场,而不必担心信息泄露,从而促进流动性。然而,这通常被暗示为缺乏透明度。人们期望对冲基金产生更高的回报,但有时投资者在追求更高回报的同时,也会寻求风险保证。然而,过多的透明度排除了金融实体首先参与的激励。另一方面,过多的保密可能会导致恶意实体因缺乏合规性而破坏规则。我们的目标是解决这个问题,保护投资者,同时确保金融机构的隐私使用零知识证明。证明可以可视化为投资者提供足够信息的一种方式,而证明的零知识属性保持了基金经理策略的隐私性。我们提出了一个协议来解决这个问题,使用Zokrates,一个在以太坊上使用Zk-SNARKs进行可验证计算的框架,来编码约束并导出验证器。根据我们的实现和分析,可以得出结论,零知识证明为我们提供了多种开发遵从性的方法
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引用次数: 0
Strategic Value Creation through Enterprise Blockchain 通过企业bbb创造战略价值
Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.31585/JBBA-4-1-(7)2021
Kristi Yuthas, Y. Sarason, Asad Aziz
Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies have enormous potential for creating business value but have not yet been widely adopted. Enterprise blockchain systems are recognized as solutions to existing operational problems or ‘pain points’ but their potential for delivering value through strategic opportunities is not well understood. Drawing from literature on strategic alliances and the resource-based view of the firm, we identify avenues through which blockchain systems can contribute to a firm’s strategic capabilities and, as a result, to its sustained competitive advantage. We provide a framework for understanding how participation in blockchain solutions can enable companies to build upon existing strategic capabilities, strengthen collaborative capabilities and develop blockchain-specific capabilities. The framework can be useful to firms and service providers for incorporating strategic outcomes into the evaluation of blockchain investment opportunities.
区块链和其他分布式账本技术在创造商业价值方面具有巨大潜力,但尚未被广泛采用。企业区块链系统被认为是现有运营问题或“痛点”的解决方案,但它们通过战略机会交付价值的潜力尚未得到很好的理解。根据有关战略联盟的文献和企业的资源基础观点,我们确定了区块链系统有助于企业战略能力的途径,从而有助于企业的持续竞争优势。我们提供了一个框架,用于理解参与区块链解决方案如何使公司能够建立在现有战略能力的基础上,加强协作能力并开发区块链特定能力。该框架有助于企业和服务提供商将战略成果纳入b区块链投资机会的评估。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
The Journal of The British Blockchain Association
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