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A Distributed Ledger Technology Roadmap for Albania: Some Preliminary Reflections 阿尔巴尼亚分布式账本技术路线图:一些初步思考
Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(4)2022
M. Pilkington, Erdita Kumaraku, Kejsi Bushi, Katia Haveri
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引用次数: 0
How Many Public Corporations Recognise “Token Economy” Technologies as Materially Significant? Evidence from 10-K Reports 有多少上市公司认为“代币经济”技术具有重大意义?10-K报告中的证据
Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(2)2022
Mary C Lacity, Le Kuai, Jeffrey Mullins
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引用次数: 1
Auditing Tokenomics: A Case Study and Lessons from Auditing a Stablecoin Project 审计代币经济学:审计稳定币项目的案例研究和经验教训
Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(1)2022
S. Kampakis
Tokenomics is a vital part of any blockchain project. It is the study of how crypto tokens are used within the blockchain ecosystem, their role in the project, and how they are designed to incentivise certain behaviours. There are many ways that crypto tokens can be designed for use within an ecosystem. For example, they can be designed to have a fixed supply so that there is no inflation or deflation in the system. Founding teams can also create tokens that provide voting or governance rights to holders, thereby incentivising them to hold onto their tokens rather than sell them on exchanges. They can also be used simply to pay fees. The range of options that founding teams have when designing token economies often leaves them with more questions than answers. Even deciding whether the token economy design is robust can be a challenge. Furthermore, a blockchain project not only has to convince its founders but its prospective investors. As a result, innovative crypto-projects often create for themselves interesting narratives, but they are not always viable. For that reason, a recent trend in the industry is “the tokenomics audit.” The goal of a tokenomics audit is similar to an audit in any other industry (e.g., accounting). The auditor has to assess the viability of a project, while also suggesting potential improvements. The end goal is to provide an independent view on whether a token economy is viable or not. This paper discusses general principles that can be followed when running a tokenomics audit. The paper uses as a case study a recent tokenomics audit, conducted for the BankX stablecoin (https://bankx.io/), by the author of this paper. The paper first discusses in general the different methods and mechanisms that a tokenomics auditor can employ to audit a project. The paper then proceeds to demonstrate how these methods were used in the audit of the BankX project. Tokenomic auditing is still a new area, and there is no set of established methods to conduct an audit. By reviewing this case study, this paper helps provide some lessons to the community, upon which future research can improve. Disclaimer: Nothing in this paper can be interpreted as constituting financial advice. This paper was written for academic purposes only.
符号经济学是任何区块链项目的重要组成部分。它研究了加密代币如何在区块链生态系统中使用,它们在项目中的作用,以及它们如何被设计来激励某些行为。有很多方法可以设计加密代币,以便在生态系统中使用。例如,它们可以被设计成有固定的供给,这样系统中就不会出现通货膨胀或通货紧缩。创始团队还可以创建代币,为持有者提供投票权或治理权,从而激励他们持有代币,而不是在交易所出售。它们也可以简单地用来支付费用。创始团队在设计代币经济时所拥有的选择范围往往会给他们留下更多的问题而不是答案。甚至决定代币经济设计是否稳健也可能是一个挑战。此外,b区块链项目不仅要说服创始人,还要说服潜在投资者。因此,创新的加密项目通常会为自己创造有趣的故事,但它们并不总是可行的。因此,该行业最近的一个趋势是“代币经济学审计”。令牌经济学审计的目标与任何其他行业(例如会计)的审计相似。审计员必须评估项目的可行性,同时提出可能的改进建议。最终目标是就代币经济是否可行提供一个独立的观点。本文讨论了在运行令牌经济学审计时可以遵循的一般原则。本文以本文作者最近对BankX稳定币(https://bankx.io/)进行的代币经济学审计为例进行了研究。本文首先从总体上讨论了标记经济学审计员可以用来审计项目的不同方法和机制。然后,本文继续演示如何在BankX项目的审计中使用这些方法。符号学审计仍然是一个新领域,没有一套既定的方法来进行审计。通过对这一案例的回顾,可以为今后的研究提供一些借鉴。免责声明:本文中的任何内容都不能被解释为构成财务建议。这篇论文仅为学术目的而写。
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引用次数: 1
Creation of a Self-Sustaining Token Economy 创建一个自我维持的代币经济
Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(4)2022
O. Letychevskyi
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引用次数: 1
Blockchain Adoption Factors, Enablers, and Barriers in Fisheries Supply Chain: Preliminary Findings from a Systematic Literature Review 渔业供应链中的区块链采用因素、推动因素和障碍:系统文献综述的初步发现
Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(3)2022
Colin Callinan
Technological adoption has become a key goal of digital transformation within firms, affecting many facets of an organisation, such as attaining competitive advantage, increased revenue, reduction of operational costs, and improving operational efficiency. Blockchain as a decentralised peer-to-peer technology appears uniquely suited to being deployed within complex food supply chains such as the fisheries industry, which is the focus of this study. In this context, blockchain technology can be used for a variety of purposes, such as providence authentication, handling and storage, transparency, counterfeit prevention, food forensics, and enhanced supply chain resilience. The purpose of this study is to synthesise existing research on the interrelationship between blockchain technology and the factors that determine adoption, as well as identifying the enablers and barriers. This preliminary work identified key themes emerging from the blockchain literature, suggesting that adoption factors are wide ranging, encompassing aspects including organisational readiness, security, complexity, partnerships, competition, governmental influence, and transparency. The thematic analysis of enablers and barriers to blockchain adoption identified the broad theme of resources as the key enabler and integration as the key barrier. These preliminary findings add to the growing body of research, including increased understanding of the current state of academic research in the areas of blockchain adoption factors, blockchain adoption in supply chains, blockchain adoption in the fisheries industry, and the enablers and barriers to adoption. This study is the initial step in a large-scale study with the next phase comprising case studies of specific fishery supply chain stakeholders. – Supply Chain – Fisheries.
技术采用已成为企业数字化转型的关键目标,影响着组织的许多方面,如获得竞争优势、增加收入、降低运营成本和提高运营效率。区块链作为一种分散的点对点技术,似乎特别适合部署在复杂的食品供应链中,如渔业,这是本研究的重点。在这种情况下,区块链技术可以用于各种目的,例如providence认证、处理和存储、透明度、防伪、食品取证和增强供应链弹性。本研究的目的是综合现有的关于区块链技术与决定采用的因素之间相互关系的研究,并确定推动因素和障碍。这项初步工作确定了区块链文献中出现的关键主题,表明采用因素范围广泛,包括组织准备程度、安全性、复杂性、伙伴关系、竞争、政府影响和透明度等方面。对区块链采用的推动因素和障碍的专题分析确定了资源作为关键推动因素和集成作为关键障碍的广泛主题。这些初步发现增加了越来越多的研究,包括加深对区块链采用因素、区块链在供应链中的采用、区块链在渔业中的采用以及采用的推动因素和障碍等领域的学术研究现状的了解。这项研究是大规模研究的第一步,下一阶段包括对特定渔业供应链利益相关者的案例研究。-供应链-渔业。
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引用次数: 12
Non-fungible Tokens as an Alternative Investment – Evidence from CryptoPunks 不可替代的代币作为一种替代投资——来自加密朋克的证据
Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(2)2022
S. Kampakis
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引用次数: 24
Can Blockchain Take Smartphones Out of Contact Tracing? 区块链能让智能手机摆脱接触追踪吗?
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-1-(1)2022
Oritsebawo Paul Ikpobe
The global public health crisis caused by the emergence and spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been devastating, prompting the need for immediate countermeasures to curb its spread, especially in the absence of any approved treatment shortly after its onset This crisis has highlighted the gap in current contact tracing systems, which require massive public participation to be effective but lack a high degree of public acceptance. This low acceptance is mainly due to concerns regarding personal data privacy and guaranteed data protection, hindering the success of existing systems. We evaluate the use of blockchain to improve contact tracing and provide a solution to effectively track the spread of an epidemic, using COVID-19 as a relevant use case. The key requirements of the proposed system include protecting user data, maintaining full transparency using a decentralised system, and eliminating the need for global positioning system or personal data for contact tracing A proof-of-concept system uses a private blockchain to secure and manage data collected at various locations using a mobile application or stored-value contactless smart cards. Contact tracing is performed via smart contracts over the blockchain using the collected data. We confirm the improvements provided by the proposed system for contact tracing.
由冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的出现和传播引起的全球公共卫生危机是毁灭性的,需要立即采取对策遏制其传播,特别是在疫情发生后不久就没有任何获批准的治疗方法的情况下。这场危机凸显了目前接触者追踪系统的差距,这些系统需要大量公众参与才能发挥作用,但缺乏公众的高度接受。这种低接受度主要是由于对个人资料私隐和保障资料的担忧,阻碍了现有系统的成功。我们以COVID-19为相关用例,评估区块链在改善接触者追踪方面的应用,并提供有效追踪疫情传播的解决方案。拟议系统的关键要求包括保护用户数据,使用分散的系统保持完全的透明度,以及消除对全球定位系统或个人数据进行接触追踪的需求。概念验证系统使用私有区块链来保护和管理使用移动应用程序或存储价值非接触式智能卡在不同地点收集的数据。联系人跟踪是通过使用收集到的数据通过区块链上的智能合约执行的。我们确认拟议的接触者追踪系统所提供的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Consortium Capabilities for Enterprise Blockchain Success 企业区块链成功的联盟能力
Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(4)2021
Matthew Kaufman, Stanton Heister, Kristi Yuthas
Enterprise blockchain projects have great promise. They can cut costs and promote efficiency through disintermediation, increase transparency for tracking intercompany transactions, expand knowledge through consortia databases, and improve workflows through shared business processes. Despite its potential, blockchain technology has failed to produce promised benefits for enter-prise networks. While the underlying technology has advanced rapidly, managerial capabilities needed to form and manage blockchain consortia have lagged and as a result, few consortia have succeeded. This paper reviews the extant literature on blockchain consortia and provides a frame-work that identifies 1) foundational conditions that precede effective consortium formation, 2) capabilities required for effective consortium functioning and evolution, and 3) partner and ecosystem-level outcomes associated with successful blockchain projects.
企业区块链项目前景广阔。它们可以通过去中介化降低成本并提高效率,增加跟踪公司间交易的透明度,通过联盟数据库扩展知识,并通过共享业务流程改进工作流程。尽管区块链技术具有潜力,但它未能为企业网络带来承诺的好处。虽然底层技术发展迅速,但组建和管理区块链联盟所需的管理能力却落后了,因此,很少有联盟成功。本文回顾了关于区块链联盟的现有文献,并提供了一个框架,该框架确定了1)有效联盟形成之前的基本条件,2)有效联盟运作和进化所需的能力,以及3)与成功的区块链项目相关的合作伙伴和生态系统级结果。
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引用次数: 6
Blockchain-hosted Data Access Agreements for Remote Condition Monitoring in Rail 区块链托管的铁路远程状态监测数据访问协议
Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(3)2021
Rahma A. Alzahrani, Simon J. Herko, J. Easton
Advances in sensor technologies, remote authentication, and high bandwidth data networks mean that Remote Condition Monitoring (RCM) systems are now an essential 'Internet of Things' (IoT) resource for the efficient operation of railway infrastructure. However, the full potential of the big data generated by these systems has yet to be realized. RCM data within the industry is typically collected and used in silos, with limited possibility of exploitation across system boundaries. In 2013, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), on behalf of the GB Rail industry, established a cross-industry research program, T1010, which aimed to build stronger cooperation between stakeholders and enable sharing of RCM data. Building on the outputs of T1010, this work explores the use of blockchains and smart contracts in the automation, in an auditable and tamper-proof way, of commercial agreements for RCM data transfers in rail. By removing the limitations of paper-based agreements, we aim to enable innovation in shared business processes and stimulate the market for RCM data in rail. Leveraging existing smart contract-based schemes for trading and sharing IoT data over blockchain networks, we identify suitable methods for the enforcement of agreements, and ensure fair cost attribution between stakeholders, without a Trusted Third Party. The outline of a blockchain-based RCM data audit framework is presented, appropriate data access agreements and accounting models are specified in detail, and three permissioned blockchain platforms (Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, and Iroha) have been analysed for their suitability for implementation. Finally, the paper outlines planned future work around validation of the tools based on two industrial use cases: monitoring systems for unattended overhead line equipment and axle bearings.
传感器技术、远程认证和高带宽数据网络的进步意味着远程状态监测(RCM)系统现在是铁路基础设施高效运行的重要“物联网”(IoT)资源。然而,这些系统产生的大数据的全部潜力尚未实现。行业内的RCM数据通常在筒仓中收集和使用,跨系统边界开发的可能性有限。2013年,铁路安全与标准委员会(RSSB)代表英国铁路行业建立了一个跨行业研究项目T1010,旨在加强利益相关者之间的合作,实现RCM数据的共享。在T1010输出的基础上,本工作探索了区块链和智能合约在自动化中的使用,以可审计和防篡改的方式,用于铁路RCM数据传输的商业协议。通过消除纸质协议的限制,我们的目标是在共享业务流程中实现创新,并刺激铁路RCM数据市场。利用现有的基于智能合约的方案,在区块链网络上交易和共享物联网数据,我们确定了执行协议的合适方法,并确保在没有可信第三方的情况下,利益相关者之间公平的成本归属。提出了基于区块链的RCM数据审计框架的大纲,详细指定了适当的数据访问协议和会计模型,并分析了三个许可的区块链平台(Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth和Iroha)的实施适用性。最后,本文概述了基于两种工业用例的工具验证计划的未来工作:无人值勤架空线路设备和轴轴承的监控系统。
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引用次数: 3
Principles of Natural Resource Economics for Bitcoin 比特币的自然资源经济学原理
Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.31585/jbba-4-2-(2)2021
P. Goorha
To assess claims such as Bitcoin is ‘digital gold’ it makes sense to examine whether Bitcoin exhibits features common to other exhaustible natural resources that are the concern of natural resource economists. We therefore present some foundational ideas in the economics of exhaustible resources and examine their relevance to Bitcoin. There are several useful similarities but also some key differences, chiefly with respect to how miners manage inventories, or their ‘inventory policy’. Therefore, to highlight this aspect, we use a simple model for any physical natural resource and introduce sensitivity to a capital-to-energy ratio. The resulting policy for Bitcoin miner over a halving cycle is not unlike a traditional miner in that optimal inventories are determined by optimal capital investments over the entire duration of the cycle.
为了评估比特币是“数字黄金”之类的说法,有必要研究一下比特币是否具有其他可耗尽自然资源的共同特征,而这些特征正是自然资源经济学家所关注的。因此,我们提出了可耗尽资源经济学中的一些基本思想,并研究了它们与比特币的相关性。它们有一些有用的相似之处,但也有一些关键的差异,主要是在矿商如何管理库存或他们的“库存政策”方面。因此,为了强调这一点,我们对任何物理自然资源使用一个简单的模型,并引入对资本-能量比的敏感性。比特币矿商在减半周期内的政策与传统矿商没有什么不同,因为最优库存是由整个周期内的最优资本投资决定的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Journal of The British Blockchain Association
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