Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31585/jbba-6-1-(6)2023
N. Naqvi
{"title":"Metaverse for Public Good: Embracing the Societal Impact of Metaverse Economies","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-6-1-(6)2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-6-1-(6)2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80523222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31585/jbba-7-1-(1)2024
Edzai Kademeteme, Stella Bvuma
Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies, such as blockchain, have the potential to improve public and private sector procurement processes. However, governments, including the South African (SA) government, have failed to recognize the significance of blockchain technology for several reasons, including corruption. The PRISMA methodology was used in this study to conduct a systematic literature review of the use of blockchain technology to improve the integrity and transparency of procurement processes between small-, medium- and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) and the SA government. The Scopus database was used to search for literature, and the final analysis included 12 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The 12 articles were analyzed using thematic analysis and the results demonstrated that 10 of the articles applied to this study as they discussed the use of blockchain in relation to integrity and transparency. The remaining two articles did not emphasize the use of blockchain technology in enhancing the integrity and transparency of the procurement processes. The common factors in the 10 articles that were found to impact integrity and transparency were as follows: handling of contracts, risks involved, security of the data, approaches used, management of the procurement process, transaction processing, the chain of events in the procurement process, access to critical data, the application process for securing contracts, quality of products, costs, and types of contracts. We believe that once blockchain technology has been implemented, SMMEs and the public will trust and be confident in the procurement processes as corruption would have been eliminated and tenders would be awarded fairly.
{"title":"Using Blockchain Technology to Improve the Integrity and Transparency of Procurement Processes between SMMEs and Government: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Edzai Kademeteme, Stella Bvuma","doi":"10.31585/jbba-7-1-(1)2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-1-(1)2024","url":null,"abstract":"Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies, such as blockchain, have the potential to improve public and private sector procurement processes. However, governments, including the South African (SA) government, have failed to recognize the significance of blockchain technology for several reasons, including corruption. The PRISMA methodology was used in this study to conduct a systematic literature review of the use of blockchain technology to improve the integrity and transparency of procurement processes between small-, medium- and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) and the SA government. The Scopus database was used to search for literature, and the final analysis included 12 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The 12 articles were analyzed using thematic analysis and the results demonstrated that 10 of the articles applied to this study as they discussed the use of blockchain in relation to integrity and transparency. The remaining two articles did not emphasize the use of blockchain technology in enhancing the integrity and transparency of the procurement processes. The common factors in the 10 articles that were found to impact integrity and transparency were as follows: handling of contracts, risks involved, security of the data, approaches used, management of the procurement process, transaction processing, the chain of events in the procurement process, access to critical data, the application process for securing contracts, quality of products, costs, and types of contracts. We believe that once blockchain technology has been implemented, SMMEs and the public will trust and be confident in the procurement processes as corruption would have been eliminated and tenders would be awarded fairly.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.31585/jbba-6-1-(3)2023
Shaima AL Amri, Leonardo Aniello, V. Sassone
{"title":"A Review of Upgradeable Smart Contract Patterns based on OpenZeppelin Technique","authors":"Shaima AL Amri, Leonardo Aniello, V. Sassone","doi":"10.31585/jbba-6-1-(3)2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-6-1-(3)2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77124668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.31585/jbba-6-1-(2)2023
S. Kampakis
{"title":"Tokenomics Beyond 2023: Why Now More than Ever Before","authors":"S. Kampakis","doi":"10.31585/jbba-6-1-(2)2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-6-1-(2)2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.31585/jbba-6-1-(1)2023
Lu Gan, Bakhtiyor Yokubov
{"title":"A Performance Comparison of Post-Quantum Algorithms in Blockchain","authors":"Lu Gan, Bakhtiyor Yokubov","doi":"10.31585/jbba-6-1-(1)2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-6-1-(1)2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81549298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(6)2022
Kristi Yuthas, M. Appleyard
Despite its many potential economic and organisational benefits, enterprise blockchain (distributed ledger) technology has still not been widely adopted. From the viewpoint of the participants, the deployment of a blockchain that links collaborating enterprises requires value creation that will exceed investment, including investment in operational and strategic change. The theory behind and practice of cross-enterprise open innovation can inform blockchain adoption. Blockchain implementation requires and creates interdependencies across collaborators, both among enterprise consortium partners and with stakeholders in the broader ecosystem. Distinguished from arm’s-length forms of collaboration, interdependencies occur when organisations intentionally collaborate to become reliant upon one another. In this paper, we develop a framework of blockchain interdependencies and explore key factors that promote or inhibit interdependence. We propose a blockchain collaboration continuum with three levels: cooperation, interdependence, and mutualism. We then explore factors that influence the level of interdependence: two types of consortium-level interdependencies – socio-technical and economic, and two types of ecosystem-level interdependencies – standards and legal/regulatory. We illustrate these interdependencies and their payoffs through the example of supply chains in maritime trade. This work can be used as a starting point for diagnosing critical factors influencing adoption and for illuminating points of leverage that may sway hesitant organisations to participate in blockchain consortia.
{"title":"The Role of Interdependencies in Blockchain Adoption: The Case of Maritime Trade","authors":"Kristi Yuthas, M. Appleyard","doi":"10.31585/jbba-5-2-(6)2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-5-2-(6)2022","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its many potential economic and organisational benefits, enterprise blockchain (distributed ledger) technology has still not been widely adopted. From the viewpoint of the participants, the deployment of a blockchain that links collaborating enterprises requires value creation that will exceed investment, including investment in operational and strategic change. The theory behind and practice of cross-enterprise open innovation can inform blockchain adoption. Blockchain implementation requires and creates interdependencies across collaborators, both among enterprise consortium partners and with stakeholders in the broader ecosystem. Distinguished from arm’s-length forms of collaboration, interdependencies occur when organisations intentionally collaborate to become reliant upon one another. In this paper, we develop a framework of blockchain interdependencies and explore key factors that promote or inhibit interdependence. We propose a blockchain collaboration continuum with three levels: cooperation, interdependence, and mutualism. We then explore factors that influence the level of interdependence: two types of consortium-level interdependencies – socio-technical and economic, and two types of ecosystem-level interdependencies – standards and legal/regulatory. We illustrate these interdependencies and their payoffs through the example of supply chains in maritime trade. This work can be used as a starting point for diagnosing critical factors influencing adoption and for illuminating points of leverage that may sway hesitant organisations to participate in blockchain consortia.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81628045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(5)2022
N. Naqvi
{"title":"Open Access Blockchain and Cryptoasset Research: Why it matters now more than ever before","authors":"N. Naqvi","doi":"10.31585/jbba-5-2-(5)2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-5-2-(5)2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(4)2022
M. Pilkington, Erdita Kumaraku, Kejsi Bushi, Katia Haveri
{"title":"A Distributed Ledger Technology Roadmap for Albania: Some Preliminary Reflections","authors":"M. Pilkington, Erdita Kumaraku, Kejsi Bushi, Katia Haveri","doi":"10.31585/jbba-5-2-(4)2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-5-2-(4)2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75099361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(2)2022
Mary C Lacity, Le Kuai, Jeffrey Mullins
{"title":"How Many Public Corporations Recognise “Token Economy” Technologies as Materially Significant? Evidence from 10-K Reports","authors":"Mary C Lacity, Le Kuai, Jeffrey Mullins","doi":"10.31585/jbba-5-2-(2)2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-5-2-(2)2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88611501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.31585/jbba-5-2-(1)2022
S. Kampakis
Tokenomics is a vital part of any blockchain project. It is the study of how crypto tokens are used within the blockchain ecosystem, their role in the project, and how they are designed to incentivise certain behaviours. There are many ways that crypto tokens can be designed for use within an ecosystem. For example, they can be designed to have a fixed supply so that there is no inflation or deflation in the system. Founding teams can also create tokens that provide voting or governance rights to holders, thereby incentivising them to hold onto their tokens rather than sell them on exchanges. They can also be used simply to pay fees. The range of options that founding teams have when designing token economies often leaves them with more questions than answers. Even deciding whether the token economy design is robust can be a challenge. Furthermore, a blockchain project not only has to convince its founders but its prospective investors. As a result, innovative crypto-projects often create for themselves interesting narratives, but they are not always viable. For that reason, a recent trend in the industry is “the tokenomics audit.” The goal of a tokenomics audit is similar to an audit in any other industry (e.g., accounting). The auditor has to assess the viability of a project, while also suggesting potential improvements. The end goal is to provide an independent view on whether a token economy is viable or not. This paper discusses general principles that can be followed when running a tokenomics audit. The paper uses as a case study a recent tokenomics audit, conducted for the BankX stablecoin (https://bankx.io/), by the author of this paper. The paper first discusses in general the different methods and mechanisms that a tokenomics auditor can employ to audit a project. The paper then proceeds to demonstrate how these methods were used in the audit of the BankX project. Tokenomic auditing is still a new area, and there is no set of established methods to conduct an audit. By reviewing this case study, this paper helps provide some lessons to the community, upon which future research can improve. Disclaimer: Nothing in this paper can be interpreted as constituting financial advice. This paper was written for academic purposes only.
{"title":"Auditing Tokenomics: A Case Study and Lessons from Auditing a Stablecoin Project","authors":"S. Kampakis","doi":"10.31585/jbba-5-2-(1)2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-5-2-(1)2022","url":null,"abstract":"Tokenomics is a vital part of any blockchain project. It is the study of how crypto tokens are used within the blockchain ecosystem, their role in the project, and how they are designed to incentivise certain behaviours. There are many ways that crypto tokens can be designed for use within an ecosystem. For example, they can be designed to have a fixed supply so that there is no inflation or deflation in the system. Founding teams can also create tokens that provide voting or governance rights to holders, thereby incentivising them to hold onto their tokens rather than sell them on exchanges. They can also be used simply to pay fees. The range of options that founding teams have when designing token economies often leaves them with more questions than answers. Even deciding whether the token economy design is robust can be a challenge. Furthermore, a blockchain project not only has to convince its founders but its prospective investors. As a result, innovative crypto-projects often create for themselves interesting narratives, but they are not always viable. For that reason, a recent trend in the industry is “the tokenomics audit.” The goal of a tokenomics audit is similar to an audit in any other industry (e.g., accounting). The auditor has to assess the viability of a project, while also suggesting potential improvements. The end goal is to provide an independent view on whether a token economy is viable or not. This paper discusses general principles that can be followed when running a tokenomics audit. The paper uses as a case study a recent tokenomics audit, conducted for the BankX stablecoin (https://bankx.io/), by the author of this paper. The paper first discusses in general the different methods and mechanisms that a tokenomics auditor can employ to audit a project. The paper then proceeds to demonstrate how these methods were used in the audit of the BankX project. Tokenomic auditing is still a new area, and there is no set of established methods to conduct an audit. By reviewing this case study, this paper helps provide some lessons to the community, upon which future research can improve. Disclaimer: Nothing in this paper can be interpreted as constituting financial advice. This paper was written for academic purposes only.","PeriodicalId":33145,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74375209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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