Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108779
Yan Pan, Mingyan Tan, Deqing Xue, Fuxue Yan, Guojun zhang
A new Ti-20Nb-10Zr alloy with e/a of 4.2 was designed for biomaterials. The superelasticity (SE), elastic modulus and microstructure of this alloy with different cold rolling ratios (CRRs) and 1173 K/30min solution treatment (ST), CRR89.5 %-ST and CRR91 %-ST and CRR94.5 %-ST, were investigated by conventional and cyclic tensile tests and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This alloy consisted of β phase only at room temperature after solution treatment at 1173 K for 30 min. The fracture strain of this alloy was greater than 40 %. EBSD observation showed that the recrystallization texture changed significantly with the increase of CRR from 89.5 % to 94.5 %. It was initially a weak {112}< 241 > texture, and then transformed into a strong {111}<112> texture and a weak {223}<341> texture, and finally formed a super strong {111}<110> texture. The formation of recrystallization texture depends on the mechanism of oriented nucleation or oriented growth. The CRR94.5 %-ST is equipped with high SE of 3 % and low elastic modulus of 50.5 GPa at the same time. The {111}<110> texture is not only beneficial to improve SE but also favorable to decrease elastic modulus. Thus, these results indicate that tailoring {111}<110> texture could be considered as promising technique for developing biomedical β titanium alloys with high superelasticity and low elastic modulus.
{"title":"Influence of texture on the superelasticity and elastic modulus of Ti-20Nb-10Zr alloy","authors":"Yan Pan, Mingyan Tan, Deqing Xue, Fuxue Yan, Guojun zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new Ti-20Nb-10Zr alloy with e/a of 4.2 was designed for biomaterials. The superelasticity (SE), elastic modulus and microstructure of this alloy with different cold rolling ratios (CRRs) and 1173 K/30min solution treatment (ST), CRR89.5 %-ST and CRR91 %-ST and CRR94.5 %-ST, were investigated by conventional and cyclic tensile tests and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This alloy consisted of β phase only at room temperature after solution treatment at 1173 K for 30 min. The fracture strain of this alloy was greater than 40 %. EBSD observation showed that the recrystallization texture changed significantly with the increase of CRR from 89.5 % to 94.5 %. It was initially a weak {112}< 241 > texture, and then transformed into a strong {111}<112> texture and a weak {223}<341> texture, and finally formed a super strong {111}<110> texture. The formation of recrystallization texture depends on the mechanism of oriented nucleation or oriented growth. The CRR94.5 %-ST is equipped with high SE of 3 % and low elastic modulus of 50.5 GPa at the same time. The {111}<110> texture is not only beneficial to improve SE but also favorable to decrease elastic modulus. Thus, these results indicate that tailoring {111}<110> texture could be considered as promising technique for developing biomedical β titanium alloys with high superelasticity and low elastic modulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108755
Martin Friák , Petr Čípek , Pavla Roupcová , Oldřich Schneeweiss , Jana Pavlů , Dominika Fink , Šárka Msallamová , David Holec , Alena Michalcová
We have performed a combined theoretical and experimental study of FeSn intermetallics. We were motivated by a scarcity of published data as well as previous theoretical calculations of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state of FeSn, when this compound was found mechanically unstable due to imaginary-frequency phonons. Addressing both mechanical and thermodynamic stability within density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, we focused on the AFM state as well as the ferromagnetic (FM) state of FeSn, which were both considered in earlier experiments. In contrast to the previous calculations, we found the AFM FeSn state mechanically stable (no imaginary-frequency phonons). The same is true for the FM state, which possesses a slightly higher energy than the AFM state. The mechanical stability allowed for assessing the thermodynamic properties within both harmonic approximations as well as computationally much more demanding quasi-harmonic approximation. Interestingly, while the static-lattice formation energy of AFM FeSn is negative and, therefore, the compound is predicted stable with respect to the decomposition into elemental end-members, phonon-related contributions have a destabilizing impact at low temperatures. Our calculations were complemented by the experimental characterization of Fe-Sn samples, and the experimental FeSn lattice parameters were found neatly matching the theoretical values.
{"title":"Impact of thermal vibrations on the stability of the FeSn2 intermetallics","authors":"Martin Friák , Petr Čípek , Pavla Roupcová , Oldřich Schneeweiss , Jana Pavlů , Dominika Fink , Šárka Msallamová , David Holec , Alena Michalcová","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have performed a combined theoretical and experimental study of FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> intermetallics. We were motivated by a scarcity of published data as well as previous theoretical calculations of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state of FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, when this compound was found mechanically unstable due to imaginary-frequency phonons. Addressing both mechanical and thermodynamic stability within density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, we focused on the AFM state as well as the ferromagnetic (FM) state of FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, which were both considered in earlier experiments. In contrast to the previous calculations, we found the AFM FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> state mechanically stable (no imaginary-frequency phonons). The same is true for the FM state, which possesses a slightly higher energy than the AFM state. The mechanical stability allowed for assessing the thermodynamic properties within both harmonic approximations as well as computationally much more demanding quasi-harmonic approximation. Interestingly, while the static-lattice formation energy of AFM FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is negative and, therefore, the compound is predicted stable with respect to the decomposition into elemental end-members, phonon-related contributions have a destabilizing impact at low temperatures. Our calculations were complemented by the experimental characterization of Fe-Sn samples, and the experimental FeSn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> lattice parameters were found neatly matching the theoretical values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108776
I.M. Das , H. Kumar , M. Nagini , S.K. Malladi , S. Makineni , K.V. Rajulapati , A. Mandal , S. Gollapudi
The work reports the synthesis and microstructural and mechanical characterization of an aluminium composite with carbon-containing medium entropy alloy (C-MEA), MoNbWTa0.5C0.5 as reinforcement. High energy ball milling of the C-MEA composition resulted in a pre-dominantly BCC phase. The Al-(C-MEA) composite was subsequently fabricated via a melting (at 800 °C) and solidification route and the FE-SEM and XRD characterization of the resultant composite revealed intermetallics of Al5(W, Mo), Al3(Ta, Nb) along with MoNbWTaC single-phase particles dispersed within the matrix of aluminium. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the C-MEA particles was observed to be 13 GPa and 190 GPa respectively. The microhardness of the bulk Al-(C-MEA) composite was found to be 686 MPa which is 89 % higher than aluminium at 353 MPa. Owing to the presence of hard and stiff C-MEAs and intermetallic particles, the yield strength of the composite was observed to be 102 % higher than aluminium. The Miedema's semi-empirical model was invoked to discuss the phase stability of the MEA particles and rationalize the formation of the Al5(W, Mo), Al3(Ta, Nb) intermetallics within the aluminium matrix.
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of an aluminium composite with carbon-containing medium entropy alloy MoNbWTa0.5C0.5 reinforcement","authors":"I.M. Das , H. Kumar , M. Nagini , S.K. Malladi , S. Makineni , K.V. Rajulapati , A. Mandal , S. Gollapudi","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work reports the synthesis and microstructural and mechanical characterization of an aluminium composite with carbon-containing medium entropy alloy (C-MEA), MoNbWTa<sub>0.5</sub>C<sub>0.5</sub> as reinforcement. High energy ball milling of the C-MEA composition resulted in a pre-dominantly <em>BCC</em> phase. The Al-(C-MEA) composite was subsequently fabricated via a melting (at 800 °C) and solidification route and the FE-SEM and XRD characterization of the resultant composite revealed intermetallics of Al<sub>5</sub>(W, Mo), Al<sub>3</sub>(Ta, Nb) along with MoNbWTaC single-phase particles dispersed within the matrix of aluminium. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the C-MEA particles was observed to be 13 GPa and 190 GPa respectively. The microhardness of the bulk Al-(C-MEA) composite was found to be 686 MPa which is 89 % higher than aluminium at 353 MPa. Owing to the presence of hard and stiff C-MEAs and intermetallic particles, the yield strength of the composite was observed to be 102 % higher than aluminium. The Miedema's semi-empirical model was invoked to discuss the phase stability of the MEA particles and rationalize the formation of the Al<sub>5</sub>(W, Mo), Al<sub>3</sub>(Ta, Nb) intermetallics within the aluminium matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108756
Yinjie Shen , Juan Guo , Yunqing Tang , Ping Yang
We try to excavate excellent thermal transport properties with the Gr/HEA-FexNiCrCoCu interface by manipulating Fe atom concentration percentages. The results show that the interfacial thermal conductivity (ITC) increases by 27.9 % when the loading temperature is from 300 K to 700 K, primarily due to the enhanced out-of-plane phonon coupling in the low-frequency region. In contrast, the Fe atom concentration exhibits a linear decrease with ITC, which can be attributed to the reduced phonon participation rate, the enhanced localization feature at the HEA edge, and the lattice distortion effect. This study better explains the thermal transport mechanism at the Gr-based HEA-FexNiCrCoCu heterogeneous interface and finds a highly efficient heat conduction interface for thermal rectifier devices in next-generation microelectronic devices.
{"title":"Gr/HEA-FexNiCrCoCu interface getting excellent thermal transport","authors":"Yinjie Shen , Juan Guo , Yunqing Tang , Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We try to excavate excellent thermal transport properties with the Gr/HEA-Fe<sub><em>x</em></sub>NiCrCoCu interface by manipulating Fe atom concentration percentages. The results show that the interfacial thermal conductivity (ITC) increases by 27.9 % when the loading temperature is from 300 K to 700 K, primarily due to the enhanced out-of-plane phonon coupling in the low-frequency region. In contrast, the Fe atom concentration exhibits a linear decrease with ITC, which can be attributed to the reduced phonon participation rate, the enhanced localization feature at the HEA edge, and the lattice distortion effect. This study better explains the thermal transport mechanism at the Gr-based HEA-Fe<sub><em>x</em></sub>NiCrCoCu heterogeneous interface and finds a highly efficient heat conduction interface for thermal rectifier devices in next-generation microelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108765
Minze Ma , Wei Wei , He Zhang , Ze Yao , Yang Sun , Minghua Chen , Fufa Wu
High entropy alloys have demonstrated significant use potential in the field of petrochemical and nuclear energy equipment. However, the investigation on the heterogeneous joining of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 and stainless steel is still lacking, and a sound match between strength and ductility is highly pursued. This study aims to perform the welding examination of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 HEA and commercial 304 stainless steel using the gas tungsten arc approach. A free-imperfection welded joint was obtained, with obvious columnar grains in the FZ. The thermodynamic calculation results, using the obtained results from energy dispersive spectroscopy, revealed that a redundant σ phase emerges in the fusion zone, while the XRD pattern exhibits a phase composition of FCC + BCC in the FZ. This difference is attributed to the rapid cooling rate during the welding process. The average grain size of the FZ near 304 stainless steel and AlCoCrFeNi2.1 HEA is 38.18 μm and 9.90 μm, suggesting a difference in the thermal conductivity of two base metals. The FZ/AlCoCrFeNi2.1 side exhibits obvious brass, cube, S, and α-fiber, with the texture strength being strongest in Brass and Cube, whereas the FZ/304 side displays a much smaller texture strength. The tensile strength of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1/304 welded joints is ∼1022 MPa and ∼27 %, respectively, demonstrating that a great match between strength and ductility is realized. The micro-hardness test results suggested a valley hardness happens in the FZ, within the range of 150∼180 HV0.2, which is consistent with the final fracture zone, indicating a stress concentration occurs in the FZ.
{"title":"On the investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1/304 heterogeneous gas tungsten arc welded joint","authors":"Minze Ma , Wei Wei , He Zhang , Ze Yao , Yang Sun , Minghua Chen , Fufa Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloys have demonstrated significant use potential in the field of petrochemical and nuclear energy equipment. However, the investigation on the heterogeneous joining of the AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> and stainless steel is still lacking, and a sound match between strength and ductility is highly pursued. This study aims to perform the welding examination of the AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> HEA and commercial 304 stainless steel using the gas tungsten arc approach. A free-imperfection welded joint was obtained, with obvious columnar grains in the FZ. The thermodynamic calculation results, using the obtained results from energy dispersive spectroscopy, revealed that a redundant <em>σ</em> phase emerges in the fusion zone, while the XRD pattern exhibits a phase composition of FCC + BCC in the FZ. This difference is attributed to the rapid cooling rate during the welding process. The average grain size of the FZ near 304 stainless steel and AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> HEA is 38.18 μm and 9.90 μm, suggesting a difference in the thermal conductivity of two base metals. The FZ/AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> side exhibits obvious brass, cube, S, and α-fiber, with the texture strength being strongest in Brass and Cube, whereas the FZ/304 side displays a much smaller texture strength. The tensile strength of the AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub>/304 welded joints is ∼1022 MPa and ∼27 %, respectively, demonstrating that a great match between strength and ductility is realized. The micro-hardness test results suggested a valley hardness happens in the FZ, within the range of 150∼180 HV<sub>0.2</sub>, which is consistent with the final fracture zone, indicating a stress concentration occurs in the FZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108759
Guoxin Cao , Jianxin Dong , Yongsheng He , He Jiang , Fang Hao , Zhihua Nie , Tengfei Ma , Baoquan Fu
In this study, a novel Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo medium heavy alloy (X = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, wt%) was designed, and the impact of Co element on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The results indicated that the addition of Co effectively inhibited the formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, which decreased with the addition of Co and reached a minimum in the Ni-42W-10Co-1Mo alloy. The yield strength of the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo medium heavy alloy decreased with increasing Co content at both room temperature and high temperatures (750 °C). Specifically, the room-temperature yield strength of Ni-42W-1Mo alloy decreased from 516 MPa to 368 MPa after addition of 20 wt% Co, as well as the microhardness decreased from 271 HV to 233 HV. It was attributed to Co weakened precipitated strengthening effect and induced softening effect. Moreover, the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed in the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo alloys during high temperature compression, which was attributed to the continuous dissolution and precipitation of the TCP phase repeatedly, leading to dislocation pinning and unpinning. Moreover, the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo alloys showcased exceptional ductility, withstood up to 60 % strain without fracturing due to the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix.
{"title":"Effect of Co element on microstructure and softening behavior of NiW medium heavy alloy","authors":"Guoxin Cao , Jianxin Dong , Yongsheng He , He Jiang , Fang Hao , Zhihua Nie , Tengfei Ma , Baoquan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo medium heavy alloy (X = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, wt%) was designed, and the impact of Co element on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The results indicated that the addition of Co effectively inhibited the formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, which decreased with the addition of Co and reached a minimum in the Ni-42W-10Co-1Mo alloy. The yield strength of the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo medium heavy alloy decreased with increasing Co content at both room temperature and high temperatures (750 °C). Specifically, the room-temperature yield strength of Ni-42W-1Mo alloy decreased from 516 MPa to 368 MPa after addition of 20 wt% Co, as well as the microhardness decreased from 271 HV to 233 HV. It was attributed to Co weakened precipitated strengthening effect and induced softening effect. Moreover, the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed in the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo alloys during high temperature compression, which was attributed to the continuous dissolution and precipitation of the TCP phase repeatedly, leading to dislocation pinning and unpinning. Moreover, the Ni-42W-XCo-1Mo alloys showcased exceptional ductility, withstood up to 60 % strain without fracturing due to the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108764
Yanjie Ren , Ziteng Wang , Lang Gan , Wei Chen , Wei Qiu , Yuhang Zhao
Developing medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) with consistent and predictable microstructures and compositions is crucial for their application in specific high-temperature and corrosive environments. In this work, a series of CoCrNi MEAs is prepared by adjusting the laser power (175–250 W) of selective laser melting (SLM). All SLM-fabricated samples exhibit greater oxidation resistance than that of the rolled alloy, attributed to their higher grain boundary densities. The oxide scales formed on SLM-fabricated samples comprise a continuous Cr2O3 layer, whereas those on the rolled sample feature an inner Cr2O3 layer with an outer (Co, Ni)Cr2O4 spinel structure. Among the samples, sample III, produced at a laser power of 225 W, exhibits an increased proportion of high-angle grain boundary (HAGB), which can facilitate Cr outward diffusion, and a reduced proportion of low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) and <100> preferred orientation, which can hinder oxygen inward diffusion. These unique characteristics of sample III facilitate the formation of a protective oxide films, thereby reducing mass gain and resulting in enhanced high-temperature corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Tailored laser power in selective laser melting for enhanced high-temperature oxidation resistance of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloys","authors":"Yanjie Ren , Ziteng Wang , Lang Gan , Wei Chen , Wei Qiu , Yuhang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) with consistent and predictable microstructures and compositions is crucial for their application in specific high-temperature and corrosive environments. In this work, a series of CoCrNi MEAs is prepared by adjusting the laser power (175–250 W) of selective laser melting (SLM). All SLM-fabricated samples exhibit greater oxidation resistance than that of the rolled alloy, attributed to their higher grain boundary densities. The oxide scales formed on SLM-fabricated samples comprise a continuous Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer, whereas those on the rolled sample feature an inner Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer with an outer (Co, Ni)Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel structure. Among the samples, sample III, produced at a laser power of 225 W, exhibits an increased proportion of high-angle grain boundary (HAGB), which can facilitate Cr outward diffusion, and a reduced proportion of low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) and <100> preferred orientation, which can hinder oxygen inward diffusion. These unique characteristics of sample III facilitate the formation of a protective oxide films, thereby reducing mass gain and resulting in enhanced high-temperature corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108762
Y.Y. Sun , Y.H. Gao , Y.B. Wang , Y. Huang , M.C. Jian , F.C. Wang , Y. Li , L. Fu , X. Jin , H.B.C. Yin , J. Xu , S.D. Feng , J.Q. Wang , J.T. Huo , M. Gao
Copper alloys are widely used in the electrical and electronic devices due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the trade-off relationship between strength and conductivity limits their application in the electrical contacts and circuit leads. In this study, an experimental strategy based on melt extraction and appropriate post-heat treatment was proposed to design one kind of B2-phase ordered Cu-Pd-Ag-Ru microfiber. It was found that this microfiber displays the excellent comprehensive performance of the strength and the conductivity. In comparison with the cast alloy, the strength for the designed microfiber is increased by 2.75 times and there appears the 70 % enhancement for the electrical conductivity. The strengthening mechanisms can be attributed to the phase transition from FCC to B2 phase, grain refinement, and the formation of Ru and Ag precipitates. Furthermore, the significant improvement in electrical conductivity is primarily due to the introduction of the B2 ordered phase and the elongation of longitudinal grains. The current study not only provides one kind of excellent copper alloys for the electrical contacts and circuit leads, but also offers a new strategy for surmounting the strength-conductivity trade-off in metals.
{"title":"Designing B2-phase ordered Cu-Pd-Ag-Ru microfiber with strength-conductivity combination via melt-extraction and isothermal annealing","authors":"Y.Y. Sun , Y.H. Gao , Y.B. Wang , Y. Huang , M.C. Jian , F.C. Wang , Y. Li , L. Fu , X. Jin , H.B.C. Yin , J. Xu , S.D. Feng , J.Q. Wang , J.T. Huo , M. Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper alloys are widely used in the electrical and electronic devices due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the trade-off relationship between strength and conductivity limits their application in the electrical contacts and circuit leads. In this study, an experimental strategy based on melt extraction and appropriate post-heat treatment was proposed to design one kind of B2-phase ordered Cu-Pd-Ag-Ru microfiber. It was found that this microfiber displays the excellent comprehensive performance of the strength and the conductivity. In comparison with the cast alloy, the strength for the designed microfiber is increased by 2.75 times and there appears the 70 % enhancement for the electrical conductivity. The strengthening mechanisms can be attributed to the phase transition from FCC to B2 phase, grain refinement, and the formation of Ru and Ag precipitates. Furthermore, the significant improvement in electrical conductivity is primarily due to the introduction of the B2 ordered phase and the elongation of longitudinal grains. The current study not only provides one kind of excellent copper alloys for the electrical contacts and circuit leads, but also offers a new strategy for surmounting the strength-conductivity trade-off in metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108763
T. Larimian , V. Chaudhary , R.K. Gupta , R.V. Ramanujan , T. Borkar
In this research work, the effect of different mechanical alloying processing parameters such as ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR), size of the milling balls, rotation speed, and milling duration on the amorphization of an elemental blend of iron (Fe), silicon (Si), and boron (B) have been studied. FeSiB powder alloys were obtained by mechanically alloying of elemental powders for 10, 20, and 30 h with a rotation speed of 700 rpm, stearic acid as process control agent (PCA), and the ball-to-powder ratio of 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1. The resultant powders were then consolidated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effect of SPS processing parameters on mechanical and magnetic properties was studied. For samples milled under the same conditions, the saturation magnetization of the samples sintered at higher temperatures was proven to be higher. Moreover, the effect of heat treating the amorphous powder alloy before SPS processing was studied. The results showed an increase in the saturation magnetization of the heat-treated samples but also an increase in coercivity. Finally, the energy maps were drawn for mechanically alloyed FeSiB-based samples milled under different conditions to find the window for the total energy and minimum energy of a single ball that would give us an amorphous structure useful for magnetic properties.
{"title":"Amorphization and energy maps of mechanically alloyed FeSiB-based alloys","authors":"T. Larimian , V. Chaudhary , R.K. Gupta , R.V. Ramanujan , T. Borkar","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research work, the effect of different mechanical alloying processing parameters such as ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR), size of the milling balls, rotation speed, and milling duration on the amorphization of an elemental blend of iron (Fe), silicon (Si), and boron (B) have been studied. FeSiB powder alloys were obtained by mechanically alloying of elemental powders for 10, 20, and 30 h with a rotation speed of 700 rpm, stearic acid as process control agent (PCA), and the ball-to-powder ratio of 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1. The resultant powders were then consolidated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effect of SPS processing parameters on mechanical and magnetic properties was studied. For samples milled under the same conditions, the saturation magnetization of the samples sintered at higher temperatures was proven to be higher. Moreover, the effect of heat treating the amorphous powder alloy before SPS processing was studied. The results showed an increase in the saturation magnetization of the heat-treated samples but also an increase in coercivity. Finally, the energy maps were drawn for mechanically alloyed FeSiB-based samples milled under different conditions to find the window for the total energy and minimum energy of a single ball that would give us an amorphous structure useful for magnetic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108761
Hongbo Yang , Shuan Li , Shuang Wang , Daogao Wu , Dongyang Tang , Xiaowei Zhang , Xin Liu , Jiamin Zhong , Minglei Xu
In this work, the high pure AlNdTi alloys ( 99.99 wt%) were rolled to a total of 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % thickness reduction with a reduction of 2 mm during each pass by a two-high mill rolling machine with the roll diameter of 500 mm. Moreover, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to study their microstructure, phase distribution, misorientation, texture and microhardness properties. As a result, with the cold-rolled deformation increasing, the grain size of AlNdTi alloy reaches its minimum value of 18 μm at 80 % deformation. Meanwhile, the development of phase distribution shows that the reticular distribution state of -Al11Nd3 remains unchanged, but some microcracks appear on its surface after large rolling deformation. In addition, the misorientation results show that proportion of recrystallized grains in 80 % rolled AlNdTi alloy is as high as 43.2 %, while the proportion of deformed zone is only 12.5 %. Moreover, the percentage of high-angles of 80 % rolled sample is 34.2 % and the average misorientation angle is 16.8 . Besides, the subgrains with the diameter of 1∼2 m and recrystallized grains with the diameter of 3∼5 μm observed by TEM provide direct evidence that dynamic recrystallization occurred in high-purity AlNdTi alloys during rolling deformed process. And the grain refinement mechanism was analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the texture development of AlNdTi alloy with various rolling deformation was analyzed in detail. Besides, 80 % rolled AlNdTi alloy has the largest hardness of 45 HV, while the microhardness of as-cast AlNdTi alloy is only 23 HV. In a word, these results can provide a new perspective on the control of microstructure, phase distribution, texture evolution, etc. of cold-rolled AlNdTi alloy target in liquid crystal display industry. Moreover, it is beneficial for clarify the generation of dynamic recrystallization on the plastic deformation behavior of this alloy target.
{"title":"The microstructure, texture and grain refinement mechanism of cold-rolled AlNdTi alloy target: Large deformation promotes dynamic recrystallization","authors":"Hongbo Yang , Shuan Li , Shuang Wang , Daogao Wu , Dongyang Tang , Xiaowei Zhang , Xin Liu , Jiamin Zhong , Minglei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the high pure AlNdTi alloys (<span><math><mrow><mo>></mo></mrow></math></span> 99.99 wt%) were rolled to a total of 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % thickness reduction with a reduction of 2 mm during each pass by a two-high mill rolling machine with the roll diameter of 500 mm. Moreover, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to study their microstructure, phase distribution, misorientation, texture and microhardness properties. As a result, with the cold-rolled deformation increasing, the grain size of AlNdTi alloy reaches its minimum value of 18 μm at 80 % deformation. Meanwhile, the development of phase distribution shows that the reticular distribution state of <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span>-Al<sub>11</sub>Nd<sub>3</sub> remains unchanged, but some microcracks appear on its surface after large rolling deformation. In addition, the misorientation results show that proportion of recrystallized grains in 80 % rolled AlNdTi alloy is as high as 43.2 %, while the proportion of deformed zone is only 12.5 %. Moreover, the percentage of high-angles of 80 % rolled sample is 34.2 % and the average misorientation angle is 16.8 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>. Besides, the subgrains with the diameter of 1∼2 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> m and recrystallized grains with the diameter of 3∼5 μm observed by TEM provide direct evidence that dynamic recrystallization occurred in high-purity AlNdTi alloys during rolling deformed process. And the grain refinement mechanism was analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the texture development of AlNdTi alloy with various rolling deformation was analyzed in detail. Besides, 80 % rolled AlNdTi alloy has the largest hardness of 45 HV, while the microhardness of as-cast AlNdTi alloy is only 23 HV. In a word, these results can provide a new perspective on the control of microstructure, phase distribution, texture evolution, etc. of cold-rolled AlNdTi alloy target in liquid crystal display industry. Moreover, it is beneficial for clarify the generation of dynamic recrystallization on the plastic deformation behavior of this alloy target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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