Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110675
Zhixiong Yang, Yaguo Lyu, Zhengang Liu, Le Jiang
Jet impingement cooling technology is mainly applied in advanced and efficient thermal management systems. This paper employs a CFD method, based on the Volume of Fluid method and SST k-ω turbulence model, to investigate the oil film flow and heat transfer characteristics on the surface of a rotating disk under the impact of an eccentric oil jet. This study investigates the effects of parameters including the rotational Reynolds number (Reω = 169,400–508,200), jet Reynolds number (Rej = 3300–5500), nozzle eccentricity ratio (ε = 0–0.6), and jet temperature (Tj = 333.15 K – 373.15 K) on heat transfer performance and oil film flow behavior. The results show that, under all operating conditions, the maximum local Nusselt number of the coupled wall occurs near the jet impingement core region. With an increase in the rotational Reynolds number, jet Reynolds number, and jet temperature, the Nusselt number on the coupled wall also rises. Furthermore, a moderate increase in the nozzle eccentricity ratio contributes to improving the convective heat transfer intensity on the coupled wall. The average Nusselt number of the coupled wall reaches its maximum value when the nozzle eccentricity ratio is 0.3 or 0.4. A dimensionless correlation between the average Nusselt number of the coupled wall and the rotational Reynolds number, jet Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and nozzle eccentricity ratio was developed, with the maximum relative prediction error not exceeding 6%.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in jet eccentrically impinging on a rotating disk","authors":"Zhixiong Yang, Yaguo Lyu, Zhengang Liu, Le Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet impingement cooling technology is mainly applied in advanced and efficient thermal management systems. This paper employs a CFD method, based on the Volume of Fluid method and SST <em>k-ω</em> turbulence model, to investigate the oil film flow and heat transfer characteristics on the surface of a rotating disk under the impact of an eccentric oil jet. This study investigates the effects of parameters including the rotational Reynolds number (<em>Re</em><sub><em>ω</em></sub> = 169,400–508,200), jet Reynolds number (<em>Re</em><sub><em>j</em></sub> = 3300–5500), nozzle eccentricity ratio (<em>ε</em> = 0–0.6), and jet temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>j</em></sub> = 333.15 K – 373.15 K) on heat transfer performance and oil film flow behavior. The results show that, under all operating conditions, the maximum local Nusselt number of the coupled wall occurs near the jet impingement core region. With an increase in the rotational Reynolds number, jet Reynolds number, and jet temperature, the Nusselt number on the coupled wall also rises. Furthermore, a moderate increase in the nozzle eccentricity ratio contributes to improving the convective heat transfer intensity on the coupled wall. The average Nusselt number of the coupled wall reaches its maximum value when the nozzle eccentricity ratio is 0.3 or 0.4. A dimensionless correlation between the average Nusselt number of the coupled wall and the rotational Reynolds number, jet Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and nozzle eccentricity ratio was developed, with the maximum relative prediction error not exceeding 6%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110604
Nomana Abid , Jafar Hasnain , Muhammad Ramzan , Aymen Bourezgui , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia , Laila A. AL-Essa
Minimizing entropy generation is essential for effective thermal optimization in systems such as heat exchangers, reactors, and biomedical equipment, as it reduces irreversibility and enhances overall performance. This study aims to investigate entropy generation during heat and mass transfer of an immiscible copper nanofluid, modeled as a Newtonian fluid, and a Casson fluid, modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid, flowing through a curved corrugated channel. The convective boundary conditions are considered for heat flow analysis. The research considers the combined impacts of wall corrugation and curvature on hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the flow, highlighting irreversibility due to heat transfer and viscous dissipation. The velocity slip and heat source are also considered. To describe the complicated interaction between fluid layers, the governing equations for momentum and energy are developed using appropriate constitutive models and solved analytically. The perturbation series method is used for analytical solution under a small corrugation approximation. The results show that corrugation improves mixing and increases entropy generation in the presence of convective barriers. The velocity slip and copper nanoparticles concentration drastically modify irreversibility distribution and shear stress at the walls. These results provide insight into the optimal design of channels in thermal systems with many fluid configurations, which is significant for cost-effective heat exchangers and applications in biological sciences. Moreover, the flow velocity is higher when copper nanoparticles are spherical compared to other shapes, such as cylindrical, blade, platelet, and brick geometries. This observation indicates that spherical nanoparticle morphology promotes the highest flow rate among the considered shapes, highlighting the significant role of particle geometry in optimizing thermal fluid system performance.
{"title":"Entropy generation in immiscible fluid flow: Coupled insights of corrugated and convective curved walls","authors":"Nomana Abid , Jafar Hasnain , Muhammad Ramzan , Aymen Bourezgui , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia , Laila A. AL-Essa","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimizing entropy generation is essential for effective thermal optimization in systems such as heat exchangers, reactors, and biomedical equipment, as it reduces irreversibility and enhances overall performance. This study aims to investigate entropy generation during heat and mass transfer of an immiscible copper nanofluid, modeled as a Newtonian fluid, and a Casson fluid, modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid, flowing through a curved corrugated channel. The convective boundary conditions are considered for heat flow analysis. The research considers the combined impacts of wall corrugation and curvature on hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the flow, highlighting irreversibility due to heat transfer and viscous dissipation. The velocity slip and heat source are also considered. To describe the complicated interaction between fluid layers, the governing equations for momentum and energy are developed using appropriate constitutive models and solved analytically. The perturbation series method is used for analytical solution under a small corrugation approximation. The results show that corrugation improves mixing and increases entropy generation in the presence of convective barriers. The velocity slip and copper nanoparticles concentration drastically modify irreversibility distribution and shear stress at the walls. These results provide insight into the optimal design of channels in thermal systems with many fluid configurations, which is significant for cost-effective heat exchangers and applications in biological sciences. Moreover, the flow velocity is higher when copper nanoparticles are spherical compared to other shapes, such as cylindrical, blade, platelet, and brick geometries. This observation indicates that spherical nanoparticle morphology promotes the highest flow rate among the considered shapes, highlighting the significant role of particle geometry in optimizing thermal fluid system performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110604"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing boiling correlations provide theoretical footings, but their applicability remains limited by specific parameter spaces due to inherent nonlinear interactions between two-phase flow, mass and heat transfer behaviors. While data-driven machine learning shows promising prediction accuracy, its extrapolation capability heavily relies on the dataset quantity and lacks the mechanistic interpretability. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a physics-informed machine learning model by combining a physics-based correlation with machine learning approach. The hybrid framework achieves superior prediction accuracy. Specifically, the theoretical correlation lays the groundwork for domain knowledge, while the machine learning captures the explicit information from knowledge-predicted targets. A detailed study is performed using consolidated dataset (907 datapoints from 24 literature resources) with respect to dielectric fluids. Based on this, a new boiling heat transfer correlation for dielectric fluids is proposed, which outperforms the original correlations and provides improved prior knowledge. The fully data-driven models are also comprehensively evaluated, showing remarkable data quality dependence. Results suggest that the modified correlation combined with CatBoost regressor realizes the desired predictive performance in comparison to standalone models. Additionally, the physics-informed machine learning model exhibits robust generalization across different dataset quantities because modified correlation can offer baseline knowledge to reduce the prediction variance.
{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning framework for boiling heat transfer prediction of dielectric fluids","authors":"Xiang-Wei Lin, Xiao-Fei Zhou, Bin Chen, Dengwei Jing, Youjun Lu, Zhi-Fu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing boiling correlations provide theoretical footings, but their applicability remains limited by specific parameter spaces due to inherent nonlinear interactions between two-phase flow, mass and heat transfer behaviors. While data-driven machine learning shows promising prediction accuracy, its extrapolation capability heavily relies on the dataset quantity and lacks the mechanistic interpretability. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a physics-informed machine learning model by combining a physics-based correlation with machine learning approach. The hybrid framework achieves superior prediction accuracy. Specifically, the theoretical correlation lays the groundwork for domain knowledge, while the machine learning captures the explicit information from knowledge-predicted targets. A detailed study is performed using consolidated dataset (907 datapoints from 24 literature resources) with respect to dielectric fluids. Based on this, a new boiling heat transfer correlation for dielectric fluids is proposed, which outperforms the original correlations and provides improved prior knowledge. The fully data-driven models are also comprehensively evaluated, showing remarkable data quality dependence. Results suggest that the modified correlation combined with CatBoost regressor realizes the desired predictive performance in comparison to standalone models. Additionally, the physics-informed machine learning model exhibits robust generalization across different dataset quantities because modified correlation can offer baseline knowledge to reduce the prediction variance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110696
Lei Peng , Qionglin Li , Kai Cui , Xiaotong Qin , Yulan Qing , Zuoyu Guo , Weijun Qin
To address the challenges in thermo-mechanical problems, specifically the difficulty of accurately obtaining temperature and stress field distributions and the high cost of thermodynamic parameter inversion, this study proposes a physics-constrained deep learning approach. A forward-solving framework was developed by embedding the heat conduction and thermo-elasticity equations, and its effectiveness was validated through a frost heave case study. The predicted temperature and stress fields showed strong agreement with results from the finite element method. However, due to the relatively long training time required by this method, it is generally not recommended as a standalone tool for forward solving. In addition, an inverse solution framework that integrates data-driven and physics-informed mechanisms is proposed, using finite element simulation results as observational data to accurately invert the material's mechanical parameters. Further studies show that a reasonable selection of the number of observation points can balance computational accuracy and cost. Moreover, noise analysis confirms that the inversion model maintains strong robustness, while the physical constraints based on volumetric strain and thermo-mechanical coupling equations enable the framework to accurately identify the material's elastic modulus under varying temperature conditions. This study provides a novel solution for thermo-mechanical coupling problems that integrates both physical mechanisms and data-driven characteristics.
{"title":"Physics-constrained deep learning approach for solving forward and inverse thermo-mechanical coupling problems","authors":"Lei Peng , Qionglin Li , Kai Cui , Xiaotong Qin , Yulan Qing , Zuoyu Guo , Weijun Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges in thermo-mechanical problems, specifically the difficulty of accurately obtaining temperature and stress field distributions and the high cost of thermodynamic parameter inversion, this study proposes a physics-constrained deep learning approach. A forward-solving framework was developed by embedding the heat conduction and thermo-elasticity equations, and its effectiveness was validated through a frost heave case study. The predicted temperature and stress fields showed strong agreement with results from the finite element method. However, due to the relatively long training time required by this method, it is generally not recommended as a standalone tool for forward solving. In addition, an inverse solution framework that integrates data-driven and physics-informed mechanisms is proposed, using finite element simulation results as observational data to accurately invert the material's mechanical parameters. Further studies show that a reasonable selection of the number of observation points can balance computational accuracy and cost. Moreover, noise analysis confirms that the inversion model maintains strong robustness, while the physical constraints based on volumetric strain and thermo-mechanical coupling equations enable the framework to accurately identify the material's elastic modulus under varying temperature conditions. This study provides a novel solution for thermo-mechanical coupling problems that integrates both physical mechanisms and data-driven characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110689
Zhanxiao Liu , Haibo Yang , Wenhe Liao , Chang Xu
The increasing demand for reproducing realistic radiative environments in ground-based thermal testing calls for compact and scalable qualification methods. This study proposes a reduced-scale radiative-fixture design and verification framework to achieve radiative-boundary equivalence under complex radiative conditions. The approach alleviates key limitations of conventional thermal-vacuum tests imposed by chamber size and heating capacity, which often preclude realistic validation of coupled platform–payload configurations. A fenced reduced-scale fixture is developed and assessed for scalability and adaptability. To avoid exceeding chamber limits caused by elongated aspect ratios, a vertical panel arrangement strategy is introduced. Based on this strategy, a hexagonal fenced fixture is designed, occupying only 20.63% of the full-scale model volume while preserving thermal-flux equivalence. Numerical simulations and ground thermal-balance tests on a hexagonal-prism configuration show a maximum temperature deviation of 4.1 °C under extreme hot and cold cases. To reconstruct non-uniform heat-flux distributions induced by local shading, an unequal-height fenced fixture is further developed and validated through comparative simulations, achieving accurate boundary reconstruction in shaded scenarios. The fixture envelope is reduced to 3.6% of the full-scale model, while deviations of three critical units remain within ±3 °C. Overall, the proposed method enables accurate reproduction of complex radiative heat-transfer environments in compact facilities, improving chamber utilization and providing a practical pathway for batch and parallel qualification of modular micro/nano-satellites, with potential reductions in cryogenic consumption and test duration.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of a scaled radiative fixture for equivalent thermal testing in complex radiative environments","authors":"Zhanxiao Liu , Haibo Yang , Wenhe Liao , Chang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for reproducing realistic radiative environments in ground-based thermal testing calls for compact and scalable qualification methods. This study proposes a reduced-scale radiative-fixture design and verification framework to achieve radiative-boundary equivalence under complex radiative conditions. The approach alleviates key limitations of conventional thermal-vacuum tests imposed by chamber size and heating capacity, which often preclude realistic validation of coupled platform–payload configurations. A fenced reduced-scale fixture is developed and assessed for scalability and adaptability. To avoid exceeding chamber limits caused by elongated aspect ratios, a vertical panel arrangement strategy is introduced. Based on this strategy, a hexagonal fenced fixture is designed, occupying only 20.63% of the full-scale model volume while preserving thermal-flux equivalence. Numerical simulations and ground thermal-balance tests on a hexagonal-prism configuration show a maximum temperature deviation of 4.1 °C under extreme hot and cold cases. To reconstruct non-uniform heat-flux distributions induced by local shading, an unequal-height fenced fixture is further developed and validated through comparative simulations, achieving accurate boundary reconstruction in shaded scenarios. The fixture envelope is reduced to 3.6% of the full-scale model, while deviations of three critical units remain within ±3 °C. Overall, the proposed method enables accurate reproduction of complex radiative heat-transfer environments in compact facilities, improving chamber utilization and providing a practical pathway for batch and parallel qualification of modular micro/nano-satellites, with potential reductions in cryogenic consumption and test duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This numerical investigation optimizes coupled heat and mass transfer in advanced thermal management systems. Thermosolutal mixed convection of a magnetized micropolar suspension containing nano-encapsulated phase change materials, NEPCMs, is analyzed in a vented cavity with an adiabatic cylindrical obstacle. The work uniquely integrates double-diffusive convection, specifically Soret and Dufour effects, thermal radiation via the Rosseland approximation, and magnetohydrodynamics within a single framework. The governing equations are solved using the finite element method to quantify the individual and combined impacts of key dimensionless parameters on transport characteristics. A systematic numerical simulation strategy is adopted by varying the cylinder radius from the absence of an obstacle () to larger configurations (–0.3), Richardson number (–10), Reynolds number (–200), nanoparticle volume fraction (–0.05), micropolar parameter (–2.0) and buoyancy ratio (–20), enabling a comprehensive assessment of both geometric and flow-induced effects on thermal and solutal performance. The results indicate that thermal radiation is the dominant heat transfer mechanism, producing an enhancement of approximately 56.5% in the average Nusselt number, while causing only a marginal change in mass transfer. Micropolar effects significantly improve overall transport, increasing the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers by about 12.7% and 20.6%, respectively. In contrast, the Dufour effect reduces heat transfer by nearly 19%, whereas the Soret effect weakens mass transfer by approximately 21% within the investigated parameter ranges. These findings demonstrate that heat and mass transfer in magnetized NEPCM-based micropolar systems can be effectively tailored through a careful balance of radiation, microrotation, and cross-diffusive mechanisms, providing quantitatively reliable design guidelines for compact heat exchangers and modular thermal energy storage applications.
{"title":"Energy storage and thermal management using a micropolar nano-encapsulated phase-change material in a vented cavity","authors":"Shafqat Hussain , Anirban Chattopadhyay , Musaad Aldhabani , Krishno D. Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This numerical investigation optimizes coupled heat and mass transfer in advanced thermal management systems. Thermosolutal mixed convection of a magnetized micropolar suspension containing nano-encapsulated phase change materials, NEPCMs, is analyzed in a vented cavity with an adiabatic cylindrical obstacle. The work uniquely integrates double-diffusive convection, specifically Soret and Dufour effects, thermal radiation via the Rosseland approximation, and magnetohydrodynamics within a single framework. The governing equations are solved using the finite element method to quantify the individual and combined impacts of key dimensionless parameters on transport characteristics. A systematic numerical simulation strategy is adopted by varying the cylinder radius from the absence of an obstacle (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>) to larger configurations (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span>–0.3), Richardson number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>–10), Reynolds number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>–200), nanoparticle volume fraction (<span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn></mrow></math></span>–0.05), micropolar parameter (<span><math><mrow><mi>Γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>–2.0) and buoyancy ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>–20), enabling a comprehensive assessment of both geometric and flow-induced effects on thermal and solutal performance. The results indicate that thermal radiation is the dominant heat transfer mechanism, producing an enhancement of approximately 56.5% in the average Nusselt number, while causing only a marginal change in mass transfer. Micropolar effects significantly improve overall transport, increasing the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers by about 12.7% and 20.6%, respectively. In contrast, the Dufour effect reduces heat transfer by nearly 19%, whereas the Soret effect weakens mass transfer by approximately 21% within the investigated parameter ranges. These findings demonstrate that heat and mass transfer in magnetized NEPCM-based micropolar systems can be effectively tailored through a careful balance of radiation, microrotation, and cross-diffusive mechanisms, providing quantitatively reliable design guidelines for compact heat exchangers and modular thermal energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study experimentally investigates the thermal management and performance improvement of photovoltaic (PV) panels using a bio-based phase change material (PCM) composite reinforced with recycled aluminum shavings. The composite PCM, consisting of beeswax and coconut oil, was formulated to reduce the melting point of beeswax, and recycled aluminum shavings were added to enhance thermal conductivity. Additionally, a cold water circulation system with a volumetric flow rate of 50 mL/s was applied to delay the PCM's melting. The effects of coconut oil volume fraction, aluminum shavings mass fraction, and water cooling on panel surface temperature (Ts,panel), electrical performance, temperature uniformity index (UI), and both thermal and electrical efficiencies (ηth and ηe) were examined. Without cooling, Ts,panel reached 96.7 °C, while ηe and UI were 8.9% and 7.2, respectively, indicating poor thermal regulation. In contrast, the optimized configuration—comprising 40 wt% bio-based PCM (70 vol% beeswax and 30 vol% coconut oil) and 60 wt% aluminum shavings, coupled with water cooling—reduced Ts,panel to 50.1 °C and nearly doubled the electrical efficiency to 17.9%. ηth and UI were also enhanced to 59.2% and 4.2, respectively. The obtained results confirm that the proposed hybrid cooling strategy markedly enhances the electrical efficiency and ensures a consistent temperature distribution across the PV module.
{"title":"Thermal management and electrical performance enhancement of photovoltaic panels using bio-based PCM reinforced with recycled aluminum shavings","authors":"Zahra Shahcheraghi Shahrezaei , Mahdieh Abolhasani , Neda Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the thermal management and performance improvement of photovoltaic (PV) panels using a bio-based phase change material (PCM) composite reinforced with recycled aluminum shavings. The composite PCM, consisting of beeswax and coconut oil, was formulated to reduce the melting point of beeswax, and recycled aluminum shavings were added to enhance thermal conductivity. Additionally, a cold water circulation system with a volumetric flow rate of 50 mL/s was applied to delay the PCM's melting. The effects of coconut oil volume fraction, aluminum shavings mass fraction, and water cooling on panel surface temperature (T<sub>s,panel</sub>), electrical performance, temperature uniformity index (UI), and both thermal and electrical efficiencies (η<sub>th</sub> and η<sub>e</sub>) were examined. Without cooling, T<sub>s,panel</sub> reached 96.7 °C, while η<sub>e</sub> and UI were 8.9% and 7.2, respectively, indicating poor thermal regulation. In contrast, the optimized configuration—comprising 40 wt% bio-based PCM (70 vol% beeswax and 30 vol% coconut oil) and 60 wt% aluminum shavings, coupled with water cooling—reduced T<sub>s,panel</sub> to 50.1 °C and nearly doubled the electrical efficiency to 17.9%. η<sub>th</sub> and UI were also enhanced to 59.2% and 4.2, respectively. The obtained results confirm that the proposed hybrid cooling strategy markedly enhances the electrical efficiency and ensures a consistent temperature distribution across the PV module.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110511"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110643
Hubba Umer , Meraj Mustafa , Ammar Mushtaq , Sadia Hina
The Bingham–Papanastasiou framework effectively captures the viscoplastic behavior observed in numerous engineering and biological fluids, including blood under pathological states, mucus within the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and synovial fluid in articulating joints. In this study, we model the physiological transport of a viscoplastic fluid governed by the Bingham–Papanastasiou rheology through a wavy, curved channel influenced by electrokinetic forces. Source of flow is the propagation of sinusoidal waves along the curved conduit's walls. Since physiological systems inherently involve wall elasticity, the model incorporates essential mechanical properties such as wall tension, surface mass per unit area and damping effects to realistically represent the dynamic behavior of the conduit. By employing the lubrication approximation in conjunction with the exact solution of the Poisson equation, a numerical framework is established. In addition, a neural network model based on the Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm is proposed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient. The efficiency and reliability of the BR-based approach are further assessed through multiple test cases and comprehensive validation metrics. This work uniquely presents surface plots of wall shear and heat transfer coefficient depicting parameter variation at varying cross-sections of the channel. The inclusion of yield stress and the stress growth parameter both decline the axial motion and shear-stress experienced by the upper wall. The study also highlights how electro-kinetic force can be used to counteract the axial motion triggered by peristaltic wave as well as heat transfer rate. Increasing the peristaltic wave amplitude accelerates the axial flow and enhances volumetric flow rate. In agreement with earlier studies, the presence of channel curvature breaks the mirror symmetry of both the axial velocity profile and bolus shape with respect to the central line. Numerical results further demonstrate that a decrease in wall tension or an increase in the wall mass enhances the heat transmission rate.
{"title":"Thermal efficiency of electro-physiological viscoplastic transport in curved wavy elastic channels: A Bayesian neural networking approach","authors":"Hubba Umer , Meraj Mustafa , Ammar Mushtaq , Sadia Hina","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bingham–Papanastasiou framework effectively captures the viscoplastic behavior observed in numerous engineering and biological fluids, including blood under pathological states, mucus within the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and synovial fluid in articulating joints. In this study, we model the physiological transport of a viscoplastic fluid governed by the Bingham–Papanastasiou rheology through a wavy, curved channel influenced by electrokinetic forces. Source of flow is the propagation of sinusoidal waves along the curved conduit's walls. Since physiological systems inherently involve wall elasticity, the model incorporates essential mechanical properties such as wall tension, surface mass per unit area and damping effects to realistically represent the dynamic behavior of the conduit. By employing the lubrication approximation in conjunction with the exact solution of the Poisson equation, a numerical framework is established. In addition, a neural network model based on the Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm is proposed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient. The efficiency and reliability of the BR-based approach are further assessed through multiple test cases and comprehensive validation metrics. This work uniquely presents surface plots of wall shear and heat transfer coefficient depicting parameter variation at varying cross-sections of the channel. The inclusion of yield stress and the stress growth parameter both decline the axial motion and shear-stress experienced by the upper wall. The study also highlights how electro-kinetic force can be used to counteract the axial motion triggered by peristaltic wave as well as heat transfer rate. Increasing the peristaltic wave amplitude accelerates the axial flow and enhances volumetric flow rate. In agreement with earlier studies, the presence of channel curvature breaks the mirror symmetry of both the axial velocity profile and bolus shape with respect to the central line. Numerical results further demonstrate that a decrease in wall tension or an increase in the wall mass enhances the heat transmission rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110687
Chenxu Duan , Ali Basem , Mohannad Naeem Houshi , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Mohammed Al-Bahrani , Farag M.A. Altalbawy , Muyassar Norberdiyeva , Aseel Smerat , Mokhtar Hamedinia
Energy storage systems justify investment in renewable energy by enabling the use of these sources throughout the day and night. Improving the performance of these systems not only reduces investment costs but also allows greater penetration of renewable energy. In this study, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation tools, platinum (Pt) nanochannels containing paraffin are simulated, and the effect of various parameters on their performance is evaluated. The impact of the nanochannel cross-section in four triangular, square, hexagonal, and circular modes, as well as the channel length, was investigated as geometric wall factors. Moreover, the effect of adding argon (Ar) atoms to paraffin on its thermophysical characteristics is studied. Parameters characterizing system performance, including mean-squared displacement (MSD), interaction energy, thermal conductivity, heat flux, and phase-change time, were obtained under all conditions. Studies show that, in general, the presence of corners weakens the thermal performance of the systems. The main geometry provided a heat flux of 2.42 W/m2 and a thermal conductivity of 8.19 W/m · K. The circular nanochannel exhibits better thermal performance than the other studied geometries (about 10.98%). The nanochannel with a circular section can reduce the heat storage time by 18.52%. Increasing the nanochannel length has reduced the phase change time by 1.5%. Adding Ar atoms to paraffin increases the thermal conductivity from 8.39 to 8.76 W/m · K (4.4% improvement). The phase change time is also reduced from 3.31 ns to 3.24 ns, which enhances performance by 16.2%.
{"title":"Using molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the effects of different nanochannels in thermal energy storage (TES) systems","authors":"Chenxu Duan , Ali Basem , Mohannad Naeem Houshi , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Mohammed Al-Bahrani , Farag M.A. Altalbawy , Muyassar Norberdiyeva , Aseel Smerat , Mokhtar Hamedinia","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage systems justify investment in renewable energy by enabling the use of these sources throughout the day and night. Improving the performance of these systems not only reduces investment costs but also allows greater penetration of renewable energy. In this study, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation tools, platinum (Pt) nanochannels containing paraffin are simulated, and the effect of various parameters on their performance is evaluated. The impact of the nanochannel cross-section in four triangular, square, hexagonal, and circular modes, as well as the channel length, was investigated as geometric wall factors. Moreover, the effect of adding argon (Ar) atoms to paraffin on its thermophysical characteristics is studied. Parameters characterizing system performance, including mean-squared displacement (MSD), interaction energy, thermal conductivity, heat flux, and phase-change time, were obtained under all conditions. Studies show that, in general, the presence of corners weakens the thermal performance of the systems. The main geometry provided a heat flux of 2.42 W/m<sup>2</sup> and a thermal conductivity of 8.19 W/m · K. The circular nanochannel exhibits better thermal performance than the other studied geometries (about 10.98%). The nanochannel with a circular section can reduce the heat storage time by 18.52%. Increasing the nanochannel length has reduced the phase change time by 1.5%. Adding Ar atoms to paraffin increases the thermal conductivity from 8.39 to 8.76 W/m · K (4.4% improvement). The phase change time is also reduced from 3.31 ns to 3.24 ns, which enhances performance by 16.2%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the influence of viscous, thermal and magnetic anisotropic diffusions near the onset of vertically rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection subjected to a uniform horizontal magnetic field. The considered six diffusion combinations are: isotropic i, only thermal anisotropy h, only magnetic anisotropy m, viscous-thermal anisotropy p, magnetic-thermal anisotropy q, and fully anisotropic viscosity-magnetic-thermal diffusivities f. The inclination of convective rolls to the magnetic field are examined across stationary cross (SC), stationary oblique (SO), and parallel (P) modes. Linear stability analysis is carried out using a normal-mode approach. The stratification anisotropy parameter plays a vital role in mode selection: in the stratified-atmospheric regime (Sa, anisotropy parameter ), convection is enhanced and parallel rolls dominate, while in the stratified-oceanic regime (So, anisotropy parameter ), cross rolls are preferred. The anisotropic modifications of rotational and magnetic influences vary significantly: in Sa, the h and q-cases weaken Coriolis effects most, whereas in So, the p and f-cases reduce rotation most strongly; magnetic effects are strengthened particularly under the q and f-anisotropies. Using weakly nonlinear multiple-scale analysis, an anisotropic Landau-Ginzburg amplitude equation is derived. Secondary stability analysis reveals Eckhaus instability (EI) boundaries, which are broadened by h and q-anisotropies in Sa, and by i and m- anisotropies in So. The Nusselt number exhibits strong dependence on anisotropy parameter, rotation, magnetic field strength. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of anisotropy in determining convection thresholds, roll orientation, heat transport, and pattern stability in geophysical and astrophysical settings.
{"title":"Effect of anisotropic diffusivity on the stability of rotating convection with horizontally applied magnetic field","authors":"Krishnendu Nayak , Hari Ponnamma Rani , Yadagiri Rameshwar , Jaya Krishna Devanuri","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the influence of viscous, thermal and magnetic anisotropic diffusions near the onset of vertically rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection subjected to a uniform horizontal magnetic field. The considered six diffusion combinations are: isotropic <em>i</em>, only thermal anisotropy <em>h</em>, only magnetic anisotropy <em>m</em>, viscous-thermal anisotropy <em>p</em>, magnetic-thermal anisotropy <em>q</em>, and fully anisotropic viscosity-magnetic-thermal diffusivities <em>f</em>. The inclination of convective rolls to the magnetic field are examined across stationary cross (SC), stationary oblique (SO), and parallel (P) modes. Linear stability analysis is carried out using a normal-mode approach. The stratification anisotropy parameter plays a vital role in mode selection: in the stratified-atmospheric regime (<em>Sa</em>, anisotropy parameter <span><math><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>), convection is enhanced and parallel rolls dominate, while in the stratified-oceanic regime (<em>So</em>, anisotropy parameter <span><math><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>), cross rolls are preferred. The anisotropic modifications of rotational and magnetic influences vary significantly: in <em>Sa</em>, the <em>h</em> and <em>q</em>-cases weaken Coriolis effects most, whereas in <em>So</em>, the <em>p</em> and <em>f</em>-cases reduce rotation most strongly; magnetic effects are strengthened particularly under the <em>q</em> and <em>f</em>-anisotropies. Using weakly nonlinear multiple-scale analysis, an anisotropic Landau-Ginzburg amplitude equation is derived. Secondary stability analysis reveals Eckhaus instability (EI) boundaries, which are broadened by <em>h</em> and <em>q</em>-anisotropies in <em>Sa</em>, and by <em>i</em> and <em>m</em>- anisotropies in <em>So</em>. The Nusselt number exhibits strong dependence on anisotropy parameter, rotation, magnetic field strength. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of anisotropy in determining convection thresholds, roll orientation, heat transport, and pattern stability in geophysical and astrophysical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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