Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108960
Fulong Wei , Xiaobing Luo , Shaobo Qu , Li Liu , Xingyu Yan , Yupeng Zhou , Xin Zhao , Jinlong Ma , Zebing Zhou
Temperature fluctuation is a major disturbance for the space-based gravitational wave detectors, especially for the strain sensitivity of the TianQin inertial sensor. Comprehensive low-frequency thermal stability of the inertial sensor are essential inputs to the thermal design and the thermal diagnostics. However, the relative contributions of the different heat transfer effects within the vacuum chamber, as well as the effect of rarefied gas, remain undefined. In this work, the various heat transfer processes are decoupled and analyzed, particularly the rarefied gas heat transfer based on the frequency domain thermal framework. The results indicate that the thermal radiation accounts for only 4.55 % of the total heat transfer within the inertial sensor, and the rarefied gas heat transfer contributes even less. In order to meet the error budget, the temperature fluctuations along the x-axis direction of the vacuum chamber in the inertial sensor should be limited to 1 mK/Hz1/2. Moreover, the thermocouples on the vacuum chamber should be arranged in pairs.
{"title":"Low frequency thermal stability of the TianQin inertial sensor","authors":"Fulong Wei , Xiaobing Luo , Shaobo Qu , Li Liu , Xingyu Yan , Yupeng Zhou , Xin Zhao , Jinlong Ma , Zebing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature fluctuation is a major disturbance for the space-based gravitational wave detectors, especially for the strain sensitivity of the TianQin inertial sensor. Comprehensive low-frequency thermal stability of the inertial sensor are essential inputs to the thermal design and the thermal diagnostics. However, the relative contributions of the different heat transfer effects within the vacuum chamber, as well as the effect of rarefied gas, remain undefined. In this work, the various heat transfer processes are decoupled and analyzed, particularly the rarefied gas heat transfer based on the frequency domain thermal framework. The results indicate that the thermal radiation accounts for only 4.55 % of the total heat transfer within the inertial sensor, and the rarefied gas heat transfer contributes even less. In order to meet the error budget, the temperature fluctuations along the x-axis direction of the vacuum chamber in the inertial sensor should be limited to 1 mK/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>. Moreover, the thermocouples on the vacuum chamber should be arranged in pairs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108960"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108893
Weili Li , Tianhuai Qiao , Wenmao Liu
To address the issues of overheating and thermal imbalance in the existing dual radial ventilation duct for synchronous condenser (SC) rotor, the alternating contraction ventiducts (ACVDs) and the corresponding global fluid network model (GFNM) are proposed in this article. The key is to introduce alternating connection of single-branch and double-branch ventiducts, which increases the heat transfer area and reduces the total thermal resistance, thereby lowering the temperature of rotor winding. Firstly, a two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic field-circuit-grid coupling model of the SC is established, and the excitation currents as well as eddy current losses on the surface of the rotor teeth are iteratively obtained as the boundary of thermal calculation. Secondly, the influences of different ACVDs on the flow rate and node pressure in the key zones of the entire ventilation system are studied via GFNM . Also, the correlation between the internal flow distribution inside the rotor and ACVDs has also been explored. The GFNM is verified by comparing the results with the numerical calculations of three-dimensional (3-D) fluid-heat transfer. Further, the effects of different ACVDs on the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and winding temperature are clarified through the coupling of the numerical model with the GFNM. Some key fluid-thermal features of the selected scheme are provided, and the design considerations for the ACVDs are summarized on this basis. The prototype and test results further validate the correctness of the proposed ACVDs and GFNM. It is shown that due to the effective suppression of hot spot temperature, the unequal design of and as well as the larger are worth being chosen at the expense of the heat transfer coefficient.
{"title":"Fluid and heat transfer enhancement of synchronous condenser rotor with alternating contraction ventiducts based on global fluid network model","authors":"Weili Li , Tianhuai Qiao , Wenmao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of overheating and thermal imbalance in the existing dual radial ventilation duct for synchronous condenser (SC) rotor, the alternating contraction ventiducts (ACVDs) and the corresponding global fluid network model (GFNM) are proposed in this article. The key is to introduce alternating connection of single-branch and double-branch ventiducts, which increases the heat transfer area and reduces the total thermal resistance, thereby lowering the temperature of rotor winding. Firstly, a two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic field-circuit-grid coupling model of the SC is established, and the excitation currents as well as eddy current losses on the surface of the rotor teeth are iteratively obtained as the boundary of thermal calculation. Secondly, the influences of different ACVDs on the flow rate and node pressure in the key zones of the entire ventilation system are studied via GFNM . Also, the correlation between the internal flow distribution inside the rotor and ACVDs has also been explored. The GFNM is verified by comparing the results with the numerical calculations of three-dimensional (3-D) fluid-heat transfer. Further, the effects of different ACVDs on the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and winding temperature are clarified through the coupling of the numerical model with the GFNM. Some key fluid-thermal features of the selected scheme are provided, and the design considerations for the ACVDs are summarized on this basis. The prototype and test results further validate the correctness of the proposed ACVDs and GFNM. It is shown that due to the effective suppression of hot spot temperature, the unequal design of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> as well as the larger <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> are worth being chosen at the expense of the heat transfer coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108893"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108938
Sukkyung Kang, Jungho Lee
In recent years, space and cost constraints, in addition to the necessity to recover trace amounts of waste heat, have led to the miniaturization of heat pipe heat exchangers for waste heat recovery, resulting in the utilization of small-diameter two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). A TPCT with a small dimension has a different nature of internal two-phase flow and heat transfer than a larger one, known as the “Confinement effect.” Despite the recent utilization of compact TPCT, the working mechanism of small-diameter TPCT is not clearly understood. In the present work, the confinement effect of TPCT, particularly two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics, was experimentally explored for various inner diameters (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm) and working fluids (water, acetone, ethanol, and the HFE-7000), using the thermosyphon devices that can simultaneously measure flow patterns and thermal performance. For the thermal performance by confinement, the higher the figure of merit (FOM) and the larger the inner diameter, the better the thermal performance. Finally, we presented the criteria for the stable operation of TPCT; the results showed that it could work stably with minimal influence of confinement at both confinement number (Co) and Froude number (Fr) below 0.3.
{"title":"Confinement effect in two-phase closed thermosyphon","authors":"Sukkyung Kang, Jungho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, space and cost constraints, in addition to the necessity to recover trace amounts of waste heat, have led to the miniaturization of heat pipe heat exchangers for waste heat recovery, resulting in the utilization of small-diameter two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). A TPCT with a small dimension has a different nature of internal two-phase flow and heat transfer than a larger one, known as the “Confinement effect.” Despite the recent utilization of compact TPCT, the working mechanism of small-diameter TPCT is not clearly understood. In the present work, the confinement effect of TPCT, particularly two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics, was experimentally explored for various inner diameters (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm) and working fluids (water, acetone, ethanol, and the HFE-7000), using the thermosyphon devices that can simultaneously measure flow patterns and thermal performance. For the thermal performance by confinement, the higher the figure of merit (FOM) and the larger the inner diameter, the better the thermal performance. Finally, we presented the criteria for the stable operation of TPCT; the results showed that it could work stably with minimal influence of confinement at both confinement number (<em>Co</em>) and Froude number (<em>Fr</em>) below 0.3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles was evaluated in terms of average bubble size, size of bubble distribution, and coefficient of volumetric oxygen mass transfer. The distribution of bubble size and the average bubble size were acquired through an image processing technique applied to microbubble images captured with a high-speed video camera. The volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient was determined using a dynamic physical absorption model. This study presents a performance comparison of the venturi-type MBG with and without twisted fin baffles. This study presents a performance comparison of the venturi-type MBG with and without twisted fin baffles. The findings indicate that the venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles generates a smaller average bubble diameter and obtains a more uniform bubble size distribution than the configuration without baffles. The venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles demonstrates a higher volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient than the configuration without baffles. It was concluded that the venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles is more effective in microbubble formation. Subsequently, empirical correlations for average bubble size, distribution of bubble size, and coefficient of volumetric oxygen mass transfer were developed through dimensional analysis, in which liquid and gas Reynolds numbers play crucial roles.
{"title":"The effects of twisted fin baffles on the microbubble formation from a venturi-type microbubble generator","authors":"Sigit Deddy Purnomo Sidhi , Wibawa Endra Juwana , Indarto , Wiratni Budhijanto , Deendarlianto","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles was evaluated in terms of average bubble size, size of bubble distribution, and coefficient of volumetric oxygen mass transfer. The distribution of bubble size and the average bubble size were acquired through an image processing technique applied to microbubble images captured with a high-speed video camera. The volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient was determined using a dynamic physical absorption model. This study presents a performance comparison of the venturi-type MBG with and without twisted fin baffles. This study presents a performance comparison of the venturi-type MBG with and without twisted fin baffles. The findings indicate that the venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles generates a smaller average bubble diameter and obtains a more uniform bubble size distribution than the configuration without baffles. The venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles demonstrates a higher volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient than the configuration without baffles. It was concluded that the venturi-type MBG with twisted fin baffles is more effective in microbubble formation. Subsequently, empirical correlations for average bubble size, distribution of bubble size, and coefficient of volumetric oxygen mass transfer were developed through dimensional analysis, in which liquid and gas Reynolds numbers play crucial roles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108948"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108947
Shuai Yuan , Dapeng Cheng
The heterogeneous fluid model is expressed for the nanofluid flow to study the consequence of Fourier's and Fick's laws. The magnetohydrodynamics couple-stress bioconvective nanofluid flow is considered across an extending surface with the impact of heat source/sink and stratified boundary conditions. The solid nano particulates and concentrations of motile microorganisms are added to the nonlinear system of differential equations conveying the non-Newtonian nanoliquid flow model. The similarity transformations are employed to transfigure the system of partial differential equations into the lowest order of ordinary differential equations. The artificial neural network (ANN) based on the LMBP (Levenberg Marquardt Back-propagation) algorithm is employed to solve these equations. The dataset is formed using the MATLAB package bvp4c. The dataset is created for diverse circumstances of flow factors, as well as validation and testing of the ANN. The accuracy of the problem is assessed through numerous statistical results (histogram, curve fitting, regression measures, and performance plots). The relative percent error between present outcomes and published studies is 0.00486 % at Pr = 2.0 (Prandtl number), where it gradually decreases up to 0.00069 % at Pr = 7.0. The outcomes are presented through the table and figures. It has been noticed that the Couple-stress nanofluid (CSNF) flow drops with the effect of the magnetic field. The CSNF temperature augments with the improvement of the thermophoresis effect, buoyancy ratio factor, Rayleigh number, and thermal radiation. Moreover, the concentration curve lessens under the impact of the Lewis number while enriched with the outcome of the concentration stratification parameter. The absolute error of reference and targeted date is attained within 10−3–10−6 which proves the exceptional precision of the results.
{"title":"Study of bioconvective couple-stress nanofluid flow subject to stratified conditions by using numerical and Levenberg Marquardt back-propagation algorithms","authors":"Shuai Yuan , Dapeng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneous fluid model is expressed for the nanofluid flow to study the consequence of Fourier's and Fick's laws. The magnetohydrodynamics couple-stress bioconvective nanofluid flow is considered across an extending surface with the impact of heat source/sink and stratified boundary conditions. The solid nano particulates and concentrations of motile microorganisms are added to the nonlinear system of differential equations conveying the non-Newtonian nanoliquid flow model. The similarity transformations are employed to transfigure the system of partial differential equations into the lowest order of ordinary differential equations. The artificial neural network (ANN) based on the LMBP (Levenberg Marquardt Back-propagation) algorithm is employed to solve these equations. The dataset is formed using the MATLAB package <em>bvp4c</em>. The dataset is created for diverse circumstances of flow factors, as well as validation and testing of the ANN. The accuracy of the problem is assessed through numerous statistical results (histogram, curve fitting, regression measures, and performance plots). The relative percent error between present outcomes and published studies is 0.00486 % at <em>Pr</em> = 2.0 (Prandtl number), where it gradually decreases up to 0.00069 % at <em>Pr</em> = 7.0. The outcomes are presented through the table and figures. It has been noticed that the Couple-stress nanofluid (CSNF) flow drops with the effect of the magnetic field. The CSNF temperature augments with the improvement of the thermophoresis effect, buoyancy ratio factor, Rayleigh number, and thermal radiation. Moreover, the concentration curve lessens under the impact of the Lewis number while enriched with the outcome of the concentration stratification parameter. The absolute error of reference and targeted date is attained within 10<sup>−3</sup>–10<sup>−6</sup> which proves the exceptional precision of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108939
Sukkyung Kang, Seokjin Lee, Jungho Lee
This study investigated the performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) with a threaded evaporator surface, which is more suitable for industrial application than modified surfaces considered in the literature, such as microporous coatings, wet etching, and sandblasting in terms of economics, productivity, durability, and scalability. We evaluated the thermal performance of a threaded evaporator-bare condenser combination TPCT for four different pitches and heights of threading taps, specifically for the evaporator heat transfer coefficient (HTC), condenser HTC, and TPCT thermal resistance. In the evaporator section, the threaded surface significantly enhanced film evaporation by inducing liquid spreading and also increased the heat transfer area by up to 1.89 times, resulting in a higher evaporator HTC of up to 899.2% compared to the bare surface. On the other hand, in the condenser section, the enhanced evaporator performance increased the amount of liquid condensate, resulting in a thicker liquid film and a reduction in condenser HTC up to 53.5%. The thermal resistance of threaded-bare TPCT was reduced by up to 66.3% compared to bare-bare TPCT due to significant improvements in evaporator performance, particularly at low heat fluxes. Meanwhile, there was no noticeable difference in TPCT thermal resistance depending on the pitch and height of the thread structure, suggesting that it is advisable to use a threading tap with a larger pitch and height for better machinability in industrial fields.
{"title":"Performance enhancement of two-phase closed thermosyphon with threaded evaporator surface","authors":"Sukkyung Kang, Seokjin Lee, Jungho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) with a threaded evaporator surface, which is more suitable for industrial application than modified surfaces considered in the literature, such as microporous coatings, wet etching, and sandblasting in terms of economics, productivity, durability, and scalability. We evaluated the thermal performance of a threaded evaporator-bare condenser combination TPCT for four different pitches and heights of threading taps, specifically for the evaporator heat transfer coefficient (HTC), condenser HTC, and TPCT thermal resistance. In the evaporator section, the threaded surface significantly enhanced film evaporation by inducing liquid spreading and also increased the heat transfer area by up to 1.89 times, resulting in a higher evaporator HTC of up to 899.2% compared to the bare surface. On the other hand, in the condenser section, the enhanced evaporator performance increased the amount of liquid condensate, resulting in a thicker liquid film and a reduction in condenser HTC up to 53.5%. The thermal resistance of threaded-bare TPCT was reduced by up to 66.3% compared to bare-bare TPCT due to significant improvements in evaporator performance, particularly at low heat fluxes. Meanwhile, there was no noticeable difference in TPCT thermal resistance depending on the pitch and height of the thread structure, suggesting that it is advisable to use a threading tap with a larger pitch and height for better machinability in industrial fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108939"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108954
Yang Li , Detao Wan , Rongdong Wang , Bingyu Ni , Zhonghua Wang , Dean Hu
Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE) are leading solutions for intermediate heat exchangers in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Since higher heat transfer and lower flow consumption are both required, the design of PCHE is a complicated multi-objective optimization problem. Traditional optimization methods always give the objective parameters, which cannot provide accurate physical field distributions. This study proposes a novel physics-informed neural-networks (PINNs) based surrogate model combined with NSGA-II approach to address the multi-objective design optimization for airfoil-shaped fins of PCHE and further provide accurate physical field distributions. The PINNs-based surrogate model of flow distributions with Navier-stokes and energy terms is first established and thermal-hydraulic parameters including heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, max velocity, and pressure drop can obtain from physical field distributions. The surrogate model achieves normalized absolute error less than 10.103 % in physical field distributions and relative error less than 2.799 % in thermal-hydraulic parameters. Additionally, the first-order second-moment reliability analysis approach combined with NSGA-II is developed to prevent the impact of excessive flow velocity and pressure drop on airfoil fins, which effectively generates a set of Pareto frontier solutions. This work highlights the application of PINNs as surrogate model of multi-objection optimization in airfoil fins geometry structure parameters selections for PCHE.
{"title":"A novel PINNs based surrogate model for multi-objective reliability-based design optimization of airfoil-shaped printed circuit heat exchangers","authors":"Yang Li , Detao Wan , Rongdong Wang , Bingyu Ni , Zhonghua Wang , Dean Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE) are leading solutions for intermediate heat exchangers in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Since higher heat transfer and lower flow consumption are both required, the design of PCHE is a complicated multi-objective optimization problem. Traditional optimization methods always give the objective parameters, which cannot provide accurate physical field distributions. This study proposes a novel physics-informed neural-networks (PINNs) based surrogate model combined with NSGA-II approach to address the multi-objective design optimization for airfoil-shaped fins of PCHE and further provide accurate physical field distributions. The PINNs-based surrogate model of flow distributions with Navier-stokes and energy terms is first established and thermal-hydraulic parameters including heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, max velocity, and pressure drop can obtain from physical field distributions. The surrogate model achieves normalized absolute error less than 10.103 % in physical field distributions and relative error less than 2.799 % in thermal-hydraulic parameters. Additionally, the first-order second-moment reliability analysis approach combined with NSGA-II is developed to prevent the impact of excessive flow velocity and pressure drop on airfoil fins, which effectively generates a set of Pareto frontier solutions. This work highlights the application of PINNs as surrogate model of multi-objection optimization in airfoil fins geometry structure parameters selections for PCHE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108954"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108854
Cheng-Long Zhou, Hong-Liang Yi
Radiative heat transfer is a pervasive phenomenon in nature, and its effective manipulation is crucial for addressing pressing challenges such as global climate change, the energy crisis, and overheating of electronic devices. However, significant challenges persist in the quest to develop a universal design paradigm that can facilitate transformative breakthroughs in the radiative heat transfer performance. Here, drawing inspiration from hierarchical microstructures in nature, we propose a radiative strategy based on a Morpho-butterfly-like metasurface. In the deep near-field region, this bio-inspired metasurface exhibits a significant advantage in radiative heat transfer capabilities when compared with both films and conventional hyperbolic gratings. This enhancement originates from the intrinsic 3D hierarchical localized resonances within the structure, which effectively modifies the thermophoton tunneling wavevector distribution. This provides an unconventional hyperbolic thermophoton tunneling mode, which in turn effectively enhances the energy spectrum of the thermal metasurface. This investigation establishes a novel platform for efficient manipulating radiative heat transfer through the introduction of bio-inspired structures, with potential applications in a variety of fields, including thermal measurements, thermal management, and next-generation energy devices.
{"title":"Enhancing near-field radiative heat transfer with bio-inspired hierarchical localized resonances","authors":"Cheng-Long Zhou, Hong-Liang Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative heat transfer is a pervasive phenomenon in nature, and its effective manipulation is crucial for addressing pressing challenges such as global climate change, the energy crisis, and overheating of electronic devices. However, significant challenges persist in the quest to develop a universal design paradigm that can facilitate transformative breakthroughs in the radiative heat transfer performance. Here, drawing inspiration from hierarchical microstructures in nature, we propose a radiative strategy based on a <em>Morpho</em>-butterfly-like metasurface. In the deep near-field region, this bio-inspired metasurface exhibits a significant advantage in radiative heat transfer capabilities when compared with both films and conventional hyperbolic gratings. This enhancement originates from the intrinsic 3D hierarchical localized resonances within the structure, which effectively modifies the thermophoton tunneling wavevector distribution. This provides an unconventional hyperbolic thermophoton tunneling mode, which in turn effectively enhances the energy spectrum of the thermal metasurface. This investigation establishes a novel platform for efficient manipulating radiative heat transfer through the introduction of bio-inspired structures, with potential applications in a variety of fields, including thermal measurements, thermal management, and next-generation energy devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108854"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108907
Abdelraheem M. Aly , C. Huang , Munirah Alotaibi
This study examines the influence of key physical parameters on heat and mass transfer of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) within a heart-shaped cavity, using a hybrid approach of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the δ-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (δ-SPH) method. The δ-SPH method accurately captures fluid dynamics, while the XGBoost model effectively predicts average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, highlighting the potential of combining AI with advanced numerical methods. This study addresses challenges in modeling heat and mass transfer in NEPCM systems within complex geometries, focusing on optimizing thermal-fluid performance using advanced numerical and AI techniques. This integrated approach offers a powerful tool for optimizing thermal-fluid systems. The analysis covers parameters such as fractional order, dimensionless time, activation energy, Darcy permeability, Cattaneo heat and mass transmission, Hartmann number, chemical reaction intensity, and Soret and Dufour numbers. The findings reveal that lower fractional order values accelerate thermal response, while higher values slow the transfer process. Activation energy and magnetic fields dampen fluid motion, leading to more stable temperature and concentration fields. Lower Darcy values restrict fluid flow, and higher Cattaneo parameters delay heat and mass propagation. Strong chemical reactions and higher Soret and Dufour numbers enhance the coupling of heat and mass transfer, creating more dynamic flow behavior. Future work will extend this framework to more complex geometries and transient conditions, improving its applicability to real-world thermal management challenges. The findings reveal that lowering the fractional order () accelerates thermal response, reducing time to steady-state by 20 %. Activation energy () and magnetic fields () stabilize flow, decreasing velocity magnitudes by 15 %. The hybrid δ-SPH and AI approach accurately predicts Nusselt () and Sherwood () numbers with errors below 0.5 %. The lower fractional order () accelerates thermal response, reducing time to steady-state by 20 %. Activation energy () and magnetic fields () stabilize flow, decreasing velocity magnitudes by 15 %.
{"title":"Study on heat and mass transfer in a porous cavity based on artificial intelligence δ-SPH model","authors":"Abdelraheem M. Aly , C. Huang , Munirah Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of key physical parameters on heat and mass transfer of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) within a heart-shaped cavity, using a hybrid approach of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the δ-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (δ-SPH) method. The δ-SPH method accurately captures fluid dynamics, while the XGBoost model effectively predicts average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, highlighting the potential of combining AI with advanced numerical methods. This study addresses challenges in modeling heat and mass transfer in NEPCM systems within complex geometries, focusing on optimizing thermal-fluid performance using advanced numerical and AI techniques. This integrated approach offers a powerful tool for optimizing thermal-fluid systems. The analysis covers parameters such as fractional order, dimensionless time, activation energy, Darcy permeability, Cattaneo heat and mass transmission, Hartmann number, chemical reaction intensity, and Soret and Dufour numbers. The findings reveal that lower fractional order values accelerate thermal response, while higher values slow the transfer process. Activation energy and magnetic fields dampen fluid motion, leading to more stable temperature and concentration fields. Lower Darcy values restrict fluid flow, and higher Cattaneo parameters delay heat and mass propagation. Strong chemical reactions and higher Soret and Dufour numbers enhance the coupling of heat and mass transfer, creating more dynamic flow behavior. Future work will extend this framework to more complex geometries and transient conditions, improving its applicability to real-world thermal management challenges. The findings reveal that lowering the fractional order (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) accelerates thermal response, reducing time to steady-state by 20 %. Activation energy (<span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span>) and magnetic fields (<span><math><mi>Ha</mi></math></span>) stabilize flow, decreasing velocity magnitudes by 15 %. The hybrid δ-SPH and AI approach accurately predicts Nusselt (<span><math><mover><mi>Nu</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>) and Sherwood (<span><math><mover><mi>Sh</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>) numbers with errors below 0.5 %. The lower fractional order (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) accelerates thermal response, reducing time to steady-state by 20 %. Activation energy (<span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span>) and magnetic fields (<span><math><mi>Ha</mi></math></span>) stabilize flow, decreasing velocity magnitudes by 15 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108907"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108943
Arslan Ashfaq , Muhammad Yasir Ali , Adnan Ali , Khalid Mehmood , Meznah M. Alanazi , Tagreed Wael Alghamdi , Ahmed H. Ragab
This study investigates the thermoelectric properties of AlSnTe2 thin films, emphasizing the impact of post-annealing treatments on enhancing the thermoelectric power factor (PF) and overall stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the as-grown films feature a smooth surface with large grains up to 1.76 μm in size. Post-annealing for durations of 1 to 3 h resulted in a significant transformation in the grain structure, with the most notable changes occurring after 3 h, where larger grains transitioned to smaller, metallic-like grains. The electrical conductivity increased from 388 S/cm in the as-grown sample to 432 S/cm following 3 h of annealing, attributed to improved grain connectivity and reduced scattering centers. Concurrently, the charge carrier concentration rose significantly from 1.05 × 1020 cm−3 to 2.59 × 1020 cm−3, driven by the formation of conductive secondary phases that minimized defect density. However, charge carrier mobility decreased from 21.05 cm2V−1 s−1 to 12.02 cm2V−1 s−1 due to increased carrier-carrier scattering at higher concentrations. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited n-type behavior, with values increasing from 128 μV/K to 171 μV/K as temperature rose from 300 K to 450 K. The maximum power factor of 10.29 μWcm−1 K−2 was achieved in the sample post-annealed for one hour at 450 K, demonstrating a balance between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. These findings underscore the potential of AlSnTe2 alloys for thermoelectric applications, highlighting the critical role of post-annealing in optimizing performance.
{"title":"Realizing high thermoelectric power factor and stability of AlSnTe2 alloy thin film","authors":"Arslan Ashfaq , Muhammad Yasir Ali , Adnan Ali , Khalid Mehmood , Meznah M. Alanazi , Tagreed Wael Alghamdi , Ahmed H. Ragab","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermoelectric properties of AlSnTe<sub>2</sub> thin films, emphasizing the impact of post-annealing treatments on enhancing the thermoelectric power factor (PF) and overall stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the as-grown films feature a smooth surface with large grains up to 1.76 μm in size. Post-annealing for durations of 1 to 3 h resulted in a significant transformation in the grain structure, with the most notable changes occurring after 3 h, where larger grains transitioned to smaller, metallic-like grains. The electrical conductivity increased from 388 S/cm in the as-grown sample to 432 S/cm following 3 h of annealing, attributed to improved grain connectivity and reduced scattering centers. Concurrently, the charge carrier concentration rose significantly from 1.05 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> to 2.59 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, driven by the formation of conductive secondary phases that minimized defect density. However, charge carrier mobility decreased from 21.05 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to 12.02 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> due to increased carrier-carrier scattering at higher concentrations. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited n-type behavior, with values increasing from 128 μV/K to 171 μV/K as temperature rose from 300 K to 450 K. The maximum power factor of 10.29 μWcm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−2</sup> was achieved in the sample post-annealed for one hour at 450 K, demonstrating a balance between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. These findings underscore the potential of AlSnTe<sub>2</sub> alloys for thermoelectric applications, highlighting the critical role of post-annealing in optimizing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号