International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Control of double diffusive flow field of nanoenhanced phase change material via small satellite body around square heater in a lid-driven cavity with machine learning integration","authors":"Shafqat Hussain ,&nbsp;Hakan F.Öztop ,&nbsp;Awatef Abidi ,&nbsp;Fatih Ertam","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of double-diffusive natural convection in a lid-driven square cavity filled with a nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) suspension. The cavity incorporates a central heated and solutally enriched square obstacle alongside a small adiabatic circular satellite obstacle. The present paper also proposes a comprehensive mathematical framework for the application of machine learning algorithms to predict concentration and temperature fields in flows characterized by varying Richardson numbers. The governing equations, formulated under the assumptions of laminar, incompressible, steady-state, Newtonian flow with the Boussinesq approximation, are solved using a Galerkin-based finite element method, enabling accurate treatment of complex geometries and boundary conditions. The study elucidates the effects of the satellite obstacle’s angular position, the Lewis number, the Reynolds number, and the magnetic field strength on the flow structure, temperature and concentration distributions, and overall transport characteristics. Quantitative analyses of dimensionless parameters, including the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as well as mean kinetic energy, provide insights into the interplay between convective and diffusive transport phenomena in NEPCM-laden fluids. The findings demonstrate that machine learning algorithms, particularly Random Forest, can attain nearly perfect predictive accuracy (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 0.9996 for both concentration and temperature fields across a range of Richardson number regimes. Furthermore, the location of the satellite obstacle can be used as a control parameter for regulating the calculated values inside the cavity. The results reveal critical interactions between obstacle placement and flow behavior, offering design guidance for enhanced thermal and solutal management in advanced energy and microfluidic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of evaporation enhancement in solar desalination: Materials, design, integration, and modeling","authors":"Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Najah M.L. Al Maimuri ,&nbsp;Mushtaq K. Abdalrahem ,&nbsp;Saif Ali Kadhim ,&nbsp;Ali M. Ashour ,&nbsp;Abdallah Bouabidi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kadhim Hussein ,&nbsp;Hayder I. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Atef Chibani","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current problem of freshwater scarcity on the global scale requires the creation of effective and environmentally friendly technologies in desalination. Solar stills are also positive in terms of providing significant potential solution, especially in the arid and remote areas, however, the adoption of such systems is constrained by low rates of evaporation and productivity. This is a systematic review that examines the latest developments that have been trying to beat these constraints through improving the process of evaporation in solar desalinations systems. The methodological framework divides and analyses innovations on four interdependent pillars, including material-based advances, structural and design advances, systems integration and approaches, and modeling, simulation, and maximization. The review lists material-based improvements in performance, such as carbonized manure evaporators (2.25 kg m⁻² h⁻¹) and nano-graphite wicks (30.9 % yield improvement) and structural and hybrid strategies which have increased the yield by as much as 95 %. The synergistic schemes of using improved photothermal material is deduced as effective structural configurations and hybrid energy consumption are the key to getting beyond the conventional performance limits, achieving high evaporation rates (e.g. up to 6.12 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in multi-stage system) and costs of water production could be as low as 0.018 $/L. These breakthroughs would be essential in creating the future generation of the affordable, scalable, and effective solar desalination systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D analysis of flexible vortex generators in microchannels: Wing effects on thermal–hydraulic performance","authors":"Mahdi Sheikhizad Saravani,&nbsp;Hamed Mohaddes Deylami,&nbsp;Mohammad Naghashzadegan","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical investigation of the thermal–hydraulic performance of flexible vortex generators (FVGs) inside a microchannel. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of novel frontal and symmetric side-wing configurations on heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss reduction, which is driven by the growing demand for high-efficiency microchannel cooling and compact thermal management systems in microelectronic and energy applications. The Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method is employed to simulate fluid–structure interactions (FSI) and capture the dynamic deformation of the FVGs for laminar airflow. Key performance parameters, including the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>), friction factor (f), and performance evaluation criterion (PEC), are analyzed to assess the overall thermal–hydraulic characteristics. The results revealed that the symmetric single side-wing configuration achieves the most effective balance between heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop, with the maximum values of <em>Nu</em> = 22.83 and PEC = 1.30. Increasing the number of frontal or side wings enhanced vortex strength and local mixing; however, it also increased pressure losses, leading to a decline in overall efficiency. The findings demonstrate that geometric asymmetry and controlled flexibility play crucial roles in optimizing the FVG performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of turbulator effects on shell-and-tube heat exchanger performance based on CFD studies","authors":"Mohammad Saleh Abdollahpour ,&nbsp;Mahyar Fazli ,&nbsp;Alireza Khademi ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Abtahi Mehrjardi ,&nbsp;Karim Mazaheri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Behshad Shafii","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are widely recognized as one of the most reliable and versatile thermal devices in power generation, chemical processing, and energy systems. Their robust design and adaptability explain their extensive use, yet the growing need for higher efficiency, compactness, and reduced operating costs continues to drive efforts for performance improvement. Among various enhancement techniques, passive methods such as turbulators are particularly attractive. By introducing structural modifications that disturb fluid flow, turbulators intensify turbulence, enhance mixing, and reduce stagnant zones, which results in stronger heat transfer without the requirement for external energy. However, these benefits are usually accompanied by increased pressure drops (ΔP), making optimization essential. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become the primary tool for exploring these design trade-offs. Unlike analytical or experimental methods, CFD provides detailed insight into velocity fields, temperature distributions, and flow structures at a fraction of the cost and time. Its flexibility makes it indispensable for studying complex turbulator geometries, such as twisted tubes, dimpled and corrugated surfaces, helical and modified baffles, and hybrid configurations. Nevertheless, the predictive power of CFD depends heavily on turbulence modeling, grid quality, and solver strategies, which require careful selection to ensure accuracy and stability. This review offers the first focused and critical synthesis of CFD-based studies on turbulators in STHEs. It evaluates the ability of different designs to enhance hydrothermal performance, while also highlighting the hydraulic penalties that accompany them. Beyond geometric modifications, it examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is being coupled with CFD to accelerate optimization, reduce computational cost, and improve predictive accuracy. By systematically comparing achievements and limitations across the literature, this review provides not only a consolidated reference for engineers but also a roadmap for advancing next-generation STHEs that are compact, energy-efficient, and better aligned with future industrial needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale analysis and direct numerical simulation of two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection under horizontal magnetic field","authors":"Nuo Sun ,&nbsp;Pan-Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Hang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ben-Wen Li ,&nbsp;Xi-Yan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110218","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Over the past few decades, the heat transfer and complex flow evolution in magnetohydrodynamic Rayleigh-Bénard convection have been extensively studied, but the unified scaling law remains elusive. This study combines scale analysis and direct numerical simulation to investigate heat transfer and flow structure in a two-dimensional square cavity under an imposed horizontal magnetic field. The results show that in the absence of a magnetic field, for high Prandtl number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) or low &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) fluids, they have the same Nusselt number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; scaling laws &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.212&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.061&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; within a specific Rayleigh number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; range. While for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, when &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; depends on both &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Under the influence of the magnetic field, at low &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; first decreases and then increases with the Hartmann number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, a critical Hartmann number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is observed, beyond which the Lorentz force strongly suppresses heat convection, leading to a monotonic decline in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, until &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; increases to its maximum &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;max&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; decreases to 1. At higher &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ra&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), a two-stage critical behavior emerges: a pseudo-critical point &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; corresponding to the transition of flow from unsteady to steady; followed by a true critical point &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; associated with the reorganization of large-scale circulation. When&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;max&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, we get scaling laws &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal conductivity and viscosity optimization of CuO/cyclohexane - diethyl amine non-polar hybrid nanofluid using artificial neural network and multi-objective particle swarm optimization","authors":"Changgui Xie ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;N. Emami ,&nbsp;Tamim Alkhalifah ,&nbsp;Belgacem Bouallegue","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles (<em>NP</em>s) can improve the thermo-physical properties of fluids and increase the effectiveness of heat transfer systems. In this way, achieving optimal properties of nanofluids (<em>NF</em>s) is an important subject. The present work aims to model and optimize the thermo-physical properties of dynamic viscosity (DV) and thermal conductivity (TC) of CuO/Cyclohexane + Diethylamine (DEA) as a non-polar nanofluid with binary base fluids. The input parameters include the temperature and the solid volume fraction (<em>SVF</em>) of <em>NF</em>. Based on available experimental data, the molar weight ratio of the <em>NP</em>s ranges from 0.01 % to 0.06 % with temperatures varying from 298 K to 318 K. The <em>NF</em> is modeled by two trained two-layer feedforward artificial neural networks (<em>ANN</em>s) for the prediction of <em>DV</em> and <em>TC</em> at a specified range of temperature and <em>SVF</em>. The average and maximum relative errors for test datasets are 0.4872 and 0.9106 for <em>DV</em> and 0.4279 and 0.7338 for <em>TC</em> prediction networks, respectively. Through the <em>ANN</em>s' sensitivity analysis, the importance of the <em>SVF</em> rather than the temperature on <em>DV</em> and <em>TC</em> was revealed. Based on the proposed model, a multi-objective optimization problem was formulated to maximize TC and minimize DV simultaneously, and solved using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (<em>MOPSO</em>) method. Finally, the optimal values of the objective functions and the corresponding input parameters were plotted along with the Pareto optimal points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical assessment and design of advanced micro pin-fin heat sink configurations: Augmented water cooling solutions","authors":"Walid Aich ,&nbsp;Ramadan Youssef Sakr ,&nbsp;Ali Basem ,&nbsp;As'ad Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Mazen M. Othayq ,&nbsp;Mujtaba A. Flayyih ,&nbsp;Wajdi Rajhi ,&nbsp;Khalil Hajlaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to improve thermal management in small, high-power devices by numerically analyzing water-cooled micro-pin-fin heat sinks with novel geometries. Under various Reynolds numbers, the impacts of the proposed fin geometry and diameter ratio were systematically assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The trade-off between cooling enhancement and hydraulic losses was evaluated by analyzing key performance indicators, including average Nusselt number, wall temperature, pressure drop, thermal energy absorption, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal performance factor. The concave pin-fin configuration (Case A) outperformed traditional cylindrical fins in the first section, improving thermal performance of almost 8 % at <em>Re</em> = 500 and 7 % at <em>Re</em> = 2000. The impact of the diameter ratio was examined in the second section. The biggest ratio (DR = 1.00) produced the best results, with efficiency gains of roughly 6 % at <em>Re</em> = 500 and 5 % at <em>Re</em> = 2000 compared to the lowest ratio (DR = 0.25). All things considered, the results demonstrate that novel pin-fin designs and adjusted diameter ratios deliver notable and reliable increases in thermal efficiency across a broad range of flow conditions, making them attractive options for cutting-edge liquid-cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the infrared radiative properties of ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites","authors":"Qi Xie ,&nbsp;Xinyu Mao ,&nbsp;Lin Ruan ,&nbsp;De Lu ,&nbsp;Liang Ji ,&nbsp;Hu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal radiation properties of ZrB₂-SiC ceramic composites are vital for thermal transport applications, such as thermal protection system of aircraft. The optical constants of ZrB₂ and <em>α</em>-SiC were experimentally determined via spectroscopic ellipsometry across 0.2–20 μm wavelengths from 25 °C to 600 °C. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) framework was established to quantify the influences of material thickness (0.5 to 6 μm), temperature (25 to 600 °C), SiC particle shape (sphere, whisker, platelet), SiC volume fraction (20 % to 50 %), SiC particle diameter (1 to 4 μm), surface roughness (<em>R</em>_<em>a</em>, 0 to 1 μm) and porosity (5 % to 15 %) on the spectral emissivity within 1–20 μm. Additionally, the effects of above factors on the average emissivity within the atmospheric windows were compared to assess infrared stealth performance of the composites. The results indicate that the emissivity of ZrB₂-SiC composites increases with the increments of temperature, surface roughness, porosity, SiC volume fraction, and particle diameter and decreases with the increment of the surface-area-to-volume ratio of SiC particle and material thickness. These factors can induce a variation of 83.9 %, 41.5 %, 12.3 %, 136.1 %, 75.6 %, 74.9 %, and 9.7 % in the total emissivity, respectively. This research offers promising insights for guiding the regulation of spectral radiative characteristics of ZrB₂-SiC ceramic composites and enhancing the infrared stealth performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of heat transfer by natural convection of a nano-encapsulated phase-change materials in a porous cavity with heated cylinders","authors":"Abdelhak Daiz ,&nbsp;Rachid Hidki ,&nbsp;Ahmed Bahlaoui ,&nbsp;Ismail Arroub","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article proposes a comprehensive computational investigation of natural convection-driven heat transport within a porous square enclosure containing a nanofluid incorporating nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). The arrangement consists of nine heated hollow cylinders symmetrically arranged, each having a conductive strip of different materials around it. The nonlinear flow and heat transfer governing equations are numerically solved using the finite element approach to examine the effect of various dimensionless parameters, i.e., Darcy number <span><math><mfenced><mi>Da</mi></mfenced></math></span>, NEPCM volume fraction <span><math><mfenced><mi>φ</mi></mfenced></math></span>, reduced melting temperature <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span> and Stefan number <span><math><mfenced><mi>Ste</mi></mfenced></math></span>, regarding the system's thermal behavior and performance. The results indicate that low Darcy number values correspond to heat transfer dominated by conduction due to the limited permeability of the medium, while high values favor the formation of convection cells, leading to an increase in the average Nusselt number. Increasing the concentration of NEPCM significantly improves the heat transfer and storage, particularly for large Rayleigh numbers, because of the effect of latent heat. An optimum behavior is observed for <span><math><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0.5</mn></math></span>, for which the partial melting of the particles increases the heat exchange. Small values of the <span><math><mi>Ste</mi></math></span> also improve the latent heat-associated effects, thereby enhancing the phase change process effectiveness. Finally, the thermal conductivity of the material enclosing the cylinders plays a deciding role: materials with high thermal conductivity (such as copper or aluminum) increase the heat exchange, while insulating materials (such as glass or plastic) decrease it. These results sanction the excellent prospect of NEPCMs in compact thermal storage devices, particularly when embedded in porous structures under complex thermal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel application of COMBI learning models and multi-objective Lichtenberg algorithm in HVAC system design","authors":"Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for energy-efficient and comfort-oriented indoor environments highlights the need for advanced decision-support frameworks for task/ambient conditioning (TAC) systems. Traditional approaches often fall short in simultaneously capturing complex system behavior, quantifying energy–comfort trade-offs, and providing actionable design guidance. To address this challenge, the present study introduces a novel four-stage AI-based framework that integrates CFD data analysis, surrogate machine learning modeling, multi-objective optimization, and multi-criteria decision-making. Specifically, CFD-based simulations first generate system dataset, which are then modeled using the COMBI regression technique to construct predictive surrogates. These models feed into a Pareto-based optimization process using the multi-objective Lichtenberg algorithm (MOLA), benchmarked against NSGA-II, while final solution ranking is achieved through the VIKOR method. The results demonstrate the robustness of the COMBI models, achieving R² values of 0.999, confirming high predictive fidelity without overfitting. Both MOLA and NSGA-II produced smooth, overlapping Pareto fronts, ensuring reliable exploration of energy–comfort trade-offs. Analysis revealed that supply air temperature consistently converged to 26 °C, while airflow rate governed system performance, with optimal solutions ranging from energy-saving (10 L/s, Q_C ≈ 30.5 W, PMV ≈ 0.7) to comfort-maximizing (32.25 L/s, Q_C ≈ 49 W, PMV ≈ 0.0). Finally, VIKOR ranking highlighted seven representative scenarios reflecting diverse design priorities, from energy-focused to comfort-oriented settings. Overall, the proposed hybrid methodology offers a robust, flexible, and practical pathway for optimizing TAC systems, bridging methodological gaps and supporting stakeholder-driven decision-making in building energy management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}