International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献_第5页

Study on the relationship between secondary flow intensity and synergy effects in the helical groove tube: A multiscale analysis of flow-heat synergy 螺旋槽管内二次流强度与协同效应关系的研究——流-热协同的多尺度分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110647

Shuo Wang , Lin Wan , Hongchao Wang , Gang Che , Yan Li , Shuguo He , Qingqing Du , Lunzheng Fan

In order to systematically deepen the understanding of heat transfer enhancement mechanisms and to address the theoretical gap between secondary flow and field synergy, this study aims to uncover the relationships and interaction mechanisms between secondary flow, field synergy effects, geometric structures, and heat transfer characteristics. Based on helical groove tubes in gas-phase rotary shell-and-tube heat exchangers, with helical ribs enhancing heat transfer as the core focus, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the complex relationships between secondary flow intensity, geometric parameters, the heat transfer-field synergy number

Fc

, and the flow resistance-field synergy number

{Fc}^{'}

. A “multi-scale flow-heat synergy” framework, integrating both microscopic and macroscopic levels, is established. The study reveals that the dominant mechanism of convective heat transfer within the tube is as follows: secondary flow reshapes the radial and tangential velocity components within the flow field, broadening the lateral transport paths for momentum and heat, thereby disrupting the singular mode of thermal diffusion. As a critical link between geometry, motion parameters, heat transfer, and flow resistance synergy, the variation in secondary flow intensity exposes the inherent contradiction that “heat transfer synergy optimization is invariably accompanied by flow resistance synergy degradation” (with a correlation coefficient of 0.971 between

Fc

and

{Fc}^{'}

). The effectiveness of the “shape-flow-effect” multi-scale flow-heat synergy framework is rooted in its core mechanism: the coupling effect between secondary flow induced by macro-helical ribs and micro-field synergy. Its validity has been quantitatively verified. Compared to optimization methods based on the Nusselt number (

Nu

) and pressure drop (

ΔP

), the average error rates of the optimization methods based on

Fc

and

{Fc}^{'}

are 0.37% and 0.41%, respectively. This confirms that

Fc

,

{Fc}^{'}

, and the heat transfer-flow resistance synergy number

R^{'}

can effectively characterize heat transfer, flow resistance, and overall performance. This study, based on the “multi-scale flow-heat synergy” framework, systematically analyzes the synergy between heat transfer and flow resistance, providing new theoretical perspectives for enhancing heat transfer, supported by both qualitative and quantitative validation.

为了系统地加深对换热强化机理的认识，解决二次流与场协同之间的理论空白，本研究旨在揭示二次流、场协同效应、几何结构和换热特性之间的关系和相互作用机制。以气相旋转壳管式换热器中的螺旋槽管为研究对象，以螺旋肋强化换热为核心重点，采用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟方法，定性和定量分析了二次流强度、几何参数、换热场协同数Fc和流阻场协同数Fc’之间的复杂关系。建立了微观与宏观相结合的“多尺度流热协同”框架。研究表明，管内对流换热的主要机制是：二次流改变了流场内径向和切向速度分量，拓宽了动量和热量的横向传递路径，从而破坏了热扩散的单一模式。二次流强度的变化作为几何、运动参数、传热、流阻协同的关键环节，暴露了“传热协同优化必然伴随着流阻协同退化”的内在矛盾（Fc与Fc′的相关系数为0.971）。“形-流-效应”多尺度流-热协同框架的有效性植根于其核心机制：宏观螺旋肋诱导的二次流与微观场协同之间的耦合效应。其有效性已得到定量验证。与基于努塞尔数（Nu）和压降（ΔP）的优化方法相比，基于Fc和Fc '的优化方法的平均错误率分别为0.37%和0.41%。这证实了Fc， Fc ‘和传热-流动阻力协同数R ’可以有效表征传热，流动阻力和整体性能。本研究基于“多尺度流-热协同”框架，系统分析了传热与流动阻力的协同作用，为强化传热提供了新的理论视角，并得到了定性和定量验证的支持。

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引用次数: 0

A new approach for formulating the transport phenomena 一种表述输运现象的新方法

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110602

M.S. Abd-Elhady , S. Abdelhady

Heat flows through a medium by its temperature gradient, which is known as Fourier's law of heat transfer by conduction, fluid flows through a pipe by its pressure gradient, which is known as Newton's law of motion, mass diffuses through materials by its concentration gradient, which is known as Fick's law of diffusion, charge flows through conductors by its potential gradient, which is known as Ohm's law, and the magnetic flux flows through mediums by its magnetic potential according to a Faraday's law. So, we have different mathematical models for similar transport phenomena which can be unified into one identical mathematical model. According to the presented study, an innovative analysis is followed that shows how any flow in a medium is driven by the volumetric density gradient of such flow, and the proportionality constant is its diffusivity constant, which has the units “m²/s.” This new formulation of the transport models can be applied for any transport phenomenon, e.g. heat flow, charge flow, magnetic flux, diffusion of mass and momentum transfer, which consequently indicates a strong analogy between the different transport models. So, we have a unique mathematical model for all transport phenomena that can be generally applied but with the corresponding parameters of each field.

热量通过温度梯度在介质中流动，这被称为傅里叶导热定律，流体通过压力梯度在管道中流动，这被称为牛顿运动定律，质量通过浓度梯度在物质中扩散，这被称为菲克扩散定律，电荷通过势梯度在导体中流动，这被称为欧姆定律，根据法拉第定律，磁通量通过磁势在介质中流动。因此，对于类似的输运现象，我们有不同的数学模型，但可以统一为一个相同的数学模型。根据所提出的研究，随后进行了一种创新的分析，表明介质中的任何流动是如何由该流动的体积密度梯度驱动的，比例常数是其扩散常数，其单位为“m2/s”。该输运模型的新公式可以应用于任何输运现象，如热流、电荷流、磁通量、质量扩散和动量传递，从而表明不同输运模型之间具有很强的相似性。因此，我们对所有输运现象都有一个独特的数学模型，它可以普遍应用，但每个场都有相应的参数。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of spiral and serpentine tube configurations in a PV/T system: A comparative energy, exergy, and entropy generation analysis PV/T系统中螺旋管和蛇形管构型的数值研究：能量、火用和熵生成的比较分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110646

Peyman Rezaie, Amin Shahsavar

In this study, the thermal and electrical performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system equipped with spiral and serpentine cooling tubes was numerically compared. The system's thermodynamic behavior was analyzed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics—using ANSYS Fluent 18.1 software and the finite volume method. Simulations were performed over a Reynolds number (

Re

) range of 500–20,000 to include both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The results show that increasing the

Re

enhances heat transfer and reduces the PV panel surface temperature; however, this improvement gradually saturates in the turbulent regime due to increased pressure losses. In the laminar regime, the serpentine geometry provides better thermal performance, lowering the panel surface temperature by approximately 0.6–0.9 K compared with the spiral configuration. Conversely, under turbulent flow conditions, the spiral geometry achieves higher overall and second-law efficiencies owing to its more uniform flow distribution, lower pressure drop, and reduced frictional entropy generation. Second-law analysis indicates that although the serpentine path yields slightly higher useful thermal power, the spiral design offers greater energy quality and process reversibility at high

Re

values. Therefore, serpentine tubes are preferable for low

Re

-applications, while spiral tubes are superior for turbulent flow regimes.

在本研究中，对配备螺旋和蛇形冷却管的光伏/热（PV/T）系统的热学和电学性能进行了数值比较。基于热力学第一定律和第二定律，利用ANSYS Fluent 18.1软件和有限体积法对系统的热力学行为进行了分析。在雷诺数（Re）为500-20,000的范围内进行了模拟，包括层流和湍流两种流动形式。结果表明：增加稀土含量可以增强传热，降低面板表面温度；然而，由于压力损失的增加，这种改善在湍流状态下逐渐饱和。在层流状态下，蛇形几何结构提供了更好的热性能，与螺旋结构相比，面板表面温度降低了约0.6-0.9 K。相反，在湍流条件下，螺旋几何结构由于其更均匀的流动分布、更小的压降和更少的摩擦熵产生而获得更高的总效率和第二定律效率。第二定律分析表明，虽然蛇形路径产生略高的有用热功率，但螺旋设计在高Re值下提供了更好的能量质量和过程可逆性。因此，蛇形管适用于低重复应用，而螺旋管适用于湍流状态。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of energy, efficiency, entropy, exergy, economy, and environment of a porous cooking burner considering pot distances and powers: A comprehensive study 考虑锅距和功率的多孔烹饪燃烧器的能量、效率、熵、能源、经济和环境分析：一项综合研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110537

Ali Ashouri, Hossein Soltanian, Mohammad Zabetian Targhi

This study presents a comprehensive 6E (energy, efficiency, entropy, exergy, economic, and environmental) assessment of a porous burner for industrial cooking applications, operating under thermal loads and variable burner-to-pot distances. Coupling experimental measurements with validated numerical simulations, the investigation explores thermodynamic behavior, combustion efficiency, irreversibility, pollutant emissions, and economic viability across a burner power range from

P_{\min} = 12.15 kW

to

P_{\min} = 31.04 kW

at distances of 1.5 cm and 3 cm. Results indicate that convective heat transfer dominates energy delivery to the pot, while radiative contributions are negligible, particularly at larger distances. The highest exergy and thermal efficiencies (28.9%) were achieved at 1.5 cm, although efficiency declined with increasing power due to elevated heat losses. Entropy generation was concentrated in the porous media and near the pot due to a higher temperature gradient, with deeper flame penetration at 3.0 cm causing broader but less localized irreversibility. Environmental analysis revealed emissions (CO, NO, CO₂) were far below EPA standards, with the 3.0 cm configuration enhancing combustion completeness and lowering pollutant levels. Economic analysis showed lower useful energy costs and better resilience to fuel price variations at 1.5 cm. Overall, the porous burner demonstrates strong potential for clean industrial use, with optimization opportunities for sustainability and performance improvements.

本研究提出了一个全面的6E（能源，效率，熵，能源，经济和环境）评估多孔燃烧器的工业烹饪应用，在热负荷和可变的燃烧器到锅的距离下运行。将实验测量与验证的数值模拟相结合，研究了在1.5 cm和3 cm距离上，燃烧器功率范围从Pmin=12.15kW到Pmin=31.04kW的热力学行为、燃烧效率、不可逆性、污染物排放和经济可行性。结果表明，对流传热主导着能量传递到锅，而辐射的贡献可以忽略不计，特别是在较大的距离。在1.5 cm处达到了最高的火用和热效率（28.9%），但由于热损失的增加，效率会随着功率的增加而下降。由于较高的温度梯度，熵产集中在多孔介质和锅附近，3.0 cm处火焰穿透更深，不可逆性范围更广，但局部不可逆性较小。环境分析表明，3.0 cm的配置增强了燃烧的完整性，降低了污染物水平，排放（CO， NO, CO 2）远远低于EPA标准。经济分析表明，在1.5厘米处，有用能源成本更低，对燃料价格变化的适应能力更强。总的来说，多孔燃烧器展示了清洁工业使用的强大潜力，具有可持续性和性能改进的优化机会。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on pool boiling heat transfer enhancement with a composite structure of coiled wires and cavities 线圈与空腔复合结构强化池沸腾换热的实验研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110557

Ziyu Wang , Wenxi Han , Junhao Liu , Shanpan Liang , Jiachang Nie , Zhenfei Feng , Xinghong Li

As an effective two-phase boiling heat transfer method, pool boiling has wide applications in fields such as high heat flux electronic device heat dissipation, and energy systems. Optimizing surface structures is an effective way to enhance pool boiling heat transfer. To achieve better performance, a surface structure combining coiled copper wires and cavities is designed, and experimental studies are conducted to investigate the effects of coiled wire arrangement, height, and diameter on the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and bubble behavior. Concurrently, an analysis of the secondary boiling phenomenon observed during the experiments is conducted. The results indicate that the combination of coiled wires and cavities significantly improves bubble behavior and increases both the heat transfer surface area and the number of nucleation sites, while also creating a pathway for vapor-liquid separation, thereby influencing the heat transfer process. Additionally, more coiled wires and cavities result in the higher the HTC. The heat transfer performance is worst when the coiled wire height is 15 mm, and best when the coiled wire diameter is 1.4 mm. This study demonstrates that constructing composite structures of coiled wire and cavity on the pool boiling surface can significantly enhance overall performance, providing a reference for improving two-phase boiling heat transfer.

池沸作为一种有效的两相沸腾传热方式，在高热流密度电子器件散热、能源系统等领域有着广泛的应用。优化表面结构是提高池沸腾换热的有效途径。为了获得更好的性能，设计了一种铜线圈与空腔相结合的表面结构，并进行了实验研究，研究了铜线圈排列、高度和直径对池沸腾传热系数（HTC）和气泡行为的影响。同时，对实验中观察到的二次沸腾现象进行了分析。结果表明，线圈与空腔的结合显著改善了气泡的行为，增加了传热表面积和成核位点的数量，同时也为汽液分离创造了途径，从而影响了传热过程。此外，更多的线圈和空腔导致较高的HTC。盘线高度为15mm时传热性能最差，盘线直径为1.4 mm时传热性能最好。本研究表明，在池沸腾表面构建盘绕丝与空腔复合结构可以显著提高整体性能，为改善两相沸腾传热提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of thermal management performance for lithium-ion batteries using helical tube liquid cooling integrated with phase change materials and fins 结合相变材料和翅片的螺旋管液体冷却优化锂离子电池热管理性能

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110648

Jianguo Ye , Weiguang Zheng , Chengtao Zhang , Jingfei Chen

The rapid growth of new energy vehicles has driven a persistent demand for improved charging. However, high-rate charging and discharging impose stricter temperature control requirements on the vehicle's battery pack. The work designed a sandwich-type spiral liquid cooling structure, with numerical simulations performed at a rate of 5C. The influences of the number of spiral pipes, fluid velocity, and pipe geometry on the battery temperature were examined. An L₁₆(4³) orthogonal experimental design was employed to analyze the weight of these three factors. The increased number of spiral pipes reduced the peak battery temperature, while an even number of pipes enhanced the uniformity of temperature distribution. However, this increase resulted in greater structural complexity of the cooling system. The increased fluid velocity reduced both the peak temperature and the temperature difference of the battery within an appropriate range. Once the velocity exceeded a critical level, improved thermal performance became marginal. The geometry of the spiral pipes affected the battery temperature. An appropriate design reduced the peak temperature and temperature difference, lightening the overall weight of the cooling system. Based on orthogonal analysis, weight was calculated to provide design guidelines for future researchers. When the flow rate was 0.05 m/s in two rectangular spiral pipes, the battery achieved optimal cooling performance. The maximum battery temperature and temperature difference were maintained at 35.04 and 4.8 °C, respectively.

新能源汽车的快速增长推动了对改进充电的持续需求。然而，高速充放电对汽车电池组的温度控制要求更严格。本文设计了一种三明治式螺旋液冷结构，并进行了5C速率的数值模拟。考察了螺旋管数量、流体速度和管道几何形状对电池温度的影响。采用L16（43）正交试验设计分析这三个因素的权重。螺旋管数量的增加降低了电池的峰值温度，而螺旋管数量的增加提高了温度分布的均匀性。然而，这种增加导致了冷却系统更大的结构复杂性。流体速度的增加使电池的峰值温度和温差在适当的范围内降低。一旦速度超过临界水平，热性能的改善就变得微不足道了。螺旋管的几何形状影响电池温度。适当的设计降低了峰值温度和温差，减轻了冷却系统的整体重量。在正交分析的基础上，计算权重，为今后的研究人员提供设计指导。当两根矩形螺旋管内流速为0.05 m/s时，电池冷却性能最佳。电池最高温度为35.04℃，温差为4.8℃。

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引用次数: 0

Mean velocity profiles and wall shear stress of Herschel–Bulkley fluids in pipe flow: CFD modeling and experimental validation 管道流动中Herschel-Bulkley流体的平均速度分布和壁面剪应力：CFD建模和实验验证

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110645

Buse Nur Alyaz, Mehmet Sorgun

Accurately estimating turbulent flow behavior for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is crucial for optimizing energy efficiency and the design of industrial pipeline systems. This study investigates the mean velocity profiles and wall shear stress of turbulent pipe flows to improve the reliability of flow predictions for practical engineering applications. Extensive experimental work was conducted at the Izmir Katip Celebi University flow loop, using xanthan gum (XG) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) solutions used exensively in petroleum and chemical industries, covering a Reynolds number range of 4 × 10³ to 3.2 × 10⁴. The Herschel–Bulkley model was identified as the most suitable rheological model for describing the flow behavior of XG and PHPA solutions. Numerical simulations based on two widely used computational approaches such as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite volume method (FVM) were employed to solve the governing flow equations, and their predictions were systematically compared with experimental measurements for both smooth and rough pipe surfaces. The results demonstrate that the numerical models predict wall shear stress and velocity distributions with significantly improved accuracy compared to commonly used empirical correlations, particularly for shear-thinning fluids. Increased wall roughness reduced near-wall velocities and shifted the mean velocity profile, while stronger shear thinning caused significant deviations from Newtonian turbulent behavior. This work combines experimental and numerical analyses to overcome the limitations of traditional correlations, offering a more reliable framework for predicting turbulent non-Newtonian pipe flows.

准确估计牛顿流体和非牛顿流体的湍流行为对于优化能源效率和工业管道系统的设计至关重要。本文研究湍流管道流动的平均速度分布和壁面剪应力，以提高实际工程应用中流动预测的可靠性。在Izmir Katip Celebi大学的流动回路中进行了大量的实验工作，使用了黄原胶（XG）和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（PHPA）溶液，这些溶液广泛用于石油和化学工业，覆盖了4 × 103到3.2 × 104的雷诺数范围。Herschel-Bulkley模型被认为是描述XG和PHPA溶液流动行为的最合适的流变模型。采用有限元法（FEM）和有限体积法（FVM）两种常用的计算方法进行了数值模拟，求解了控制流方程，并将其预测结果与光滑和粗糙管道表面的实验测量结果进行了系统比较。结果表明，与常用的经验关联相比，数值模型预测壁面剪切应力和速度分布的精度显著提高，特别是对于剪切变薄流体。壁面粗糙度的增加降低了近壁速度并改变了平均速度剖面，而更强的剪切变薄导致了与牛顿湍流行为的显著偏离。这项工作结合了实验和数值分析，克服了传统相关性的局限性，为预测湍流非牛顿管道流动提供了更可靠的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid CFD–machine learning framework for enhanced solid–liquid mass transfer and separation: Energy-efficient design of baffle-free radial-inlet clarifiers 增强固液传质和分离的混合cfd -机器学习框架：无挡板径向入口澄清器的节能设计

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110629

Zeinab Esmaeili , Seyed Mohammad Vahidhosseini , Saman Rashidi , Roohollah Rafee , Wei-Mon Yan

Efficient solid–liquid mass transfer and separation are central to wastewater treatment, environmental process engineering, and multiphase transport, yet clarifier performance remains highly sensitive to inlet hydraulics, flow distribution, and solids loading. This study presents two baffle-free radial-inlet configurations that passively decelerate and radially disperse influent, coupled with a hybrid computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–machine learning (ML) surrogate for rapid performance prediction. Two-dimensional axisymmetric transient simulations using a mixture multiphase model with k–ε turbulence closure compared a baseline, a baffled clarifier, and the proposed geometries across inlet orientations and particulate conditions. The optimized baffle-free configuration achieved a peak separation efficiency of 98.07% with a concurrent pressure drop of only 50.44 kPa, outperforming the baffled design (97.07% efficiency at 51.15 kPa) and the baseline case (84.89% efficiency). Separation efficiency increased substantially with particle diameter and peaked at an inlet solids fraction of 0.003 before declining at higher loadings. The ML surrogate, trained on CFD data, reduced the mean absolute error for efficiency prediction from 4.58% to 1.93% while accurately predicting pressure drop. The hybrid CFD–ML framework offers a practical tool for optimizing mass transfer, flow uniformity, and energy efficiency in clarifier design.

高效的固液传质和分离是废水处理、环境过程工程和多相输送的核心，但澄清池的性能对进口水力学、流动分布和固体载荷仍然高度敏感。该研究提出了两种无挡板径向入口配置，可被动减速和径向分散进水，并结合计算流体动力学(CFD) -机器学习（ML）混合代理，用于快速性能预测。二维轴对称瞬态模拟采用了k -ε湍流封闭的混合多相模型，比较了基线、挡板澄清器以及在进口方向和颗粒条件下提出的几何形状。优化后的无挡板结构分离效率达到98.07%，同时压降仅为50.44 kPa，优于挡板设计（51.15 kPa时效率97.07%）和基线情况（84.89%）。分离效率随着颗粒直径的增加而显著增加，在进口固体分数为0.003时达到峰值，然后在更高的负载下下降。经过CFD数据训练的ML代理，在准确预测压降的同时，将效率预测的平均绝对误差从4.58%降低到1.93%。混合CFD-ML框架提供了一个实用的工具，优化传质，流动均匀性和澄清器设计的能源效率。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive impact of the thermal contact resistance between various components of a PEMFC with a deformed MEA on performance 具有变形MEA的PEMFC各部件之间的热接触电阻对性能的综合影响

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110633

Ben-Xi Zhang , Hua-Qi Wang , Li-Qian Wang , Kai-Qi Zhu , Yi-Bo Wang , Shao-Yu Wang , Yan-Ru Yang , Xiao-Dong Wang

For traditional simulations of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), two key factors are often overlooked: the deformation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) caused by the pressure difference between the cathode and anode, and the thermal contact resistance (TCR) at the interface of the components. In this study, we employe computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to systematically investigate the influence of TCR (its location and size) on the current density of PEMFCs under different pressure differences. The results show that at the interface between the bipolar plate (BP)-gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the gas diffusion layer-catalyst layer (CL), TCR reduces the current density of PEMFCs by up to 17.35% and 17.81%, respectively. In contrast, TCR located between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane (PEM) can slightly increase the current density, with a maximum increase of 2.43%. When TCR is distributed among the components, the current density decreases by up to 19.63%. The pressure difference between the cathode and anode can alleviate the negative impact of TCR.

在质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的传统模拟中，两个关键因素经常被忽视：由阴极和阳极之间的压力差引起的膜电极组件（MEA）的变形以及组件界面处的热接触电阻（TCR）。在本研究中，我们采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法系统研究了不同压差下TCR（其位置和尺寸）对pemfc电流密度的影响。结果表明：在双极板(BP)-气体扩散层（GDL）和气体扩散层-催化剂层（CL）界面处，TCR分别使pemfc的电流密度降低了17.35%和17.81%；而位于催化剂层与质子交换膜（PEM）之间的TCR则能略微提高电流密度，最大增幅为2.43%。当TCR分布在元件之间时，电流密度降低了19.63%。阴极和阳极之间的压差可以减轻TCR的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Unsteady condensation mechanisms in single-hole submerged steam jet: Experimental analysis of pressure oscillation behavior and heat transfer dynamics under subcooled inflow 单孔浸没蒸汽射流的非定常冷凝机理：过冷入流压力振荡行为和传热动力学实验分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110634

Jiawen Yu , Jiawei Zhang , Fei Guo , Zuchao Zhu

Steam submerged jet condensation is a critical phenomenon in energy systems due to its superior thermal transport capability under low thermal driving forces. Numerous studies have been conducted on the condensation mechanism and heat transfer characteristics of single-hole steam jet condensation experiments. However, research on the transient heat transfer characteristics at low mass flux in flowing water remains insufficient. This study experimentally investigates the direct contact condensation of unsteady steam jets in vertical rectangular channels, with a primary focus on revealing the transient heat transfer characteristics and the mechanism of pressure oscillation. Using high-speed photography, three condensation regimes were identified: chugging, transition chugging, and condensation oscillation. A state diagram that correlates these regimes with steam mass flux and water temperature was constructed. Transient parameters, including the maximum dimensionless steam plume length L_max and minimum heat transfer coefficient h_min were defined. Under the experimental conditions, the measured values reached 2.4 and 4.02 MW·m⁻²·K⁻¹, respectively. Empirical correlations were developed to relate these parameters to dimensionless steam mass flux, condensation driving force, and water Reynolds number, demonstrating deviations within 25%. In addition, this study reveals the influence laws of subcooled water temperature, steam mass flux, and water flow rate on the frequency and amplitude of pressure oscillations，and proposes an empirical correlation for predicting the dominant frequency of pressure oscillations, exhibiting a maximum deviation of 29.3%.

蒸汽浸没射流冷凝在低热驱动力下具有优越的热输运能力，是能源系统中的一种重要现象。对单孔蒸汽射流冷凝实验的冷凝机理和传热特性进行了大量的研究。然而，对流动水中低质量通量的瞬态换热特性的研究仍然不足。本文对垂直矩形通道内非定常蒸汽射流的直接接触冷凝进行了实验研究，重点揭示了非定常蒸汽射流的瞬态传热特性和压力振荡机理。利用高速摄影技术，确定了三种凝结状态：嘎吱声、过渡嘎吱声和凝结振荡。构造了将这些状态与蒸汽质量通量和水温联系起来的状态图。定义了最大无因次蒸汽羽流长度Lmax和最小换热系数hmin等瞬态参数。在实验条件下，测量值分别达到2.4和4.02 MW·m−2·K−1。这些参数与无量纲的蒸汽质量通量、冷凝驱动力和水雷诺数之间建立了经验相关性，偏差在25%以内。此外，本研究揭示了过冷水温度、蒸汽质量通量和水流量对压力振荡频率和振幅的影响规律，并提出了预测压力振荡主导频率的经验相关性，最大偏差为29.3%。

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