Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1117066
Hatice Dilek Güldütuna
It is known that Sufis often use symbols to approximate the abstract meanings in the metaphysical realm to the mental level and to the physical realm. They use metaphors to open up this invisible realm, and sometimes to conceal it. The depiction of the "Rifâî Miḥrāb", which is the subject of this article and was prepared by Sheikh Ken'an Rifai for placement on the cover of his book "Seyyid Ahmed er-Rifâi", contains elements of the ṭarīqa called the dervish dowry as well as symbols relating to the stages of the spiritual path and to the perfect man (al-insān al-kāmil). Thus, it is a typical example of the use of symbols in Sufism. The text prepared by Ken'an Rifai's caliph Ziyâ Cemâl Bey is the first source of reference for the interpretation of the depiction.
众所周知，苏菲经常使用符号来将形而上学领域中的抽象含义近似到精神层面和物理领域。他们使用隐喻来打开这个看不见的领域，有时甚至隐藏它ḥrāb”，这是本文的主题，由谢赫·肯安·里法伊准备放在他的书《Seyyid Ahmed er Rifâi》的封面上，包含了ṭ阿称之为托钵僧嫁妆，以及与精神道路阶段和完美男人有关的象征（al-insān-al-kāmil）。因此，它是苏菲主义使用象征的典型例子。Kenan Rifai的哈里发ZiyâCemâl Bey编写的文本是解读该描绘的第一个参考来源。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1137659
Münteha Beki̇
“Why should I be moral?" is the most basic question that determines our value judgments and motivations regarding morality. Why being moral is necessary and what can be the source of moral responsibilities is an important problem. Moral truths are some laws that people feel obliged to behave in accordance with these truths and therefore try to avoid wrongs. If a law or a truth is deemed obligatory, it will be wrong for a person not to comply with it, so that it is necessary truth that will create a sanction power on its own. It can be said that the source of power of morality derives from the fact that moral truths are objective and therefore necessary truths. This means that the source of moral truths has a reference that transcends the world. In this study, the questions of whether moral obligations are possible or not, and if possible, what their nature and source might be will be discussed. By considering these questions within the framework of a realistic moral understanding, it will be argued that a relationship can be established between God and morality, and accordingly, moral obligations should be based on God.
{"title":"Moral Obligation and Moral Objectivity","authors":"Münteha Beki̇","doi":"10.51702/esoguifd.1137659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1137659","url":null,"abstract":"“Why should I be moral?\" is the most basic question that determines our value judgments and motivations regarding morality. Why being moral is necessary and what can be the source of moral responsibilities is an important problem. Moral truths are some laws that people feel obliged to behave in accordance with these truths and therefore try to avoid wrongs. If a law or a truth is deemed obligatory, it will be wrong for a person not to comply with it, so that it is necessary truth that will create a sanction power on its own. It can be said that the source of power of morality derives from the fact that moral truths are objective and therefore necessary truths. This means that the source of moral truths has a reference that transcends the world. In this study, the questions of whether moral obligations are possible or not, and if possible, what their nature and source might be will be discussed. By considering these questions within the framework of a realistic moral understanding, it will be argued that a relationship can be established between God and morality, and accordingly, moral obligations should be based on God.","PeriodicalId":33212,"journal":{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1137067
Muharrem Ertaş
The subject of the study is fear and main sources of fear in Arab poetry of the Period of Ignorance. It is discussed that fear which is one of the important elements of human psychology, is expressed in their poems by poets of the period of Ignorance and that different words expressing different aspects of fear and its density are used in the verses. The lack of a general law enforcement entity to operate a state order and justice system to ensure security. Because of that life in a limited number of cities and nomadic tribes on the Arabîan peninsula have created a climate of natural fear. Desert life, where water and food resources are extremely scarce, has created a system in which the powerful crush the weak, the slaughter or enslavement of the losers by raiders, the handing over their honor, the destruction of their dignity have been elements that feed the fear. It was unthinkable that the poems which considered the "Diwan" of the Arab, in which ensâb/ ancestors was preserved, heroics were known and the language was learned from it, did not include this important psychological phenomenon, did not examine it at length and did not contain distant-close words about fear. Due to the fact that writing is not widespread, the fear related words in the poems was examined in our study, as the literary work that best reflects social life is poetry. In although we limited our research to the period of Ignorance, we also gave examples of Muhadram poets because of living a period of their part of life in Jahiliyah era.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1132679
Hatice Alsaç
Mukhalaa/consensual divorce means the termination of the marriage contract in exchange for a price that the wife will give to her husband, subject to the wife’s acceptance. Ending the marriage with the mukhalaa is a right given to the woman to end a marriage she does not want to continue. The reason for resorting to mukhalaa, whose legitimacy is laid down directly with the Qur'an and sunnah and which is also the subject of ijtihad in many respects, is mostly shown as incompatibility and conflict between the spouses. If the source of the conflict is the husband, it is forbidden, for the husband to pressure his wife for the mukhalaa. It is obviously stated that it is also forbidden for the husband to force his wife to do mukhalaa, and to force the wife to ask for a fee to end the marriage. This clearly shows that the free will of the parties must be presented and preserved. At this point, although it is directly linked to the will of the sides, the presence of the judge is important for clarifying the situation.
{"title":"Comparison with Mukhalaa in Islamic Law and Consensual Divorce in TMK","authors":"Hatice Alsaç","doi":"10.51702/esoguifd.1132679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1132679","url":null,"abstract":"Mukhalaa/consensual divorce means the termination of the marriage contract in exchange for a price that the wife will give to her husband, subject to the wife’s acceptance. Ending the marriage with the mukhalaa is a right given to the woman to end a marriage she does not want to continue. The reason for resorting to mukhalaa, whose legitimacy is laid down directly with the Qur'an and sunnah and which is also the subject of ijtihad in many respects, is mostly shown as incompatibility and conflict between the spouses. If the source of the conflict is the husband, it is forbidden, for the husband to pressure his wife for the mukhalaa. It is obviously stated that it is also forbidden for the husband to force his wife to do mukhalaa, and to force the wife to ask for a fee to end the marriage. This clearly shows that the free will of the parties must be presented and preserved. At this point, although it is directly linked to the will of the sides, the presence of the judge is important for clarifying the situation.","PeriodicalId":33212,"journal":{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1126356
Rıdvan Kalaç
Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi, one of the most prominent Hanbali hadith scholars of Hegira VI century, was exposed to several oppressions due to various reasons. The main reason why he experienced such oppressions was intolerance to the thoughts he adopted. With his strict character, Abd al-Ghani al Maqdisi severely reacted to unbelievers, and did not step back at defending his salafî belief in any case that he adopted despite very harsh reactions. The first oppression that he lived was with Ash’arites in Isfahan when he established a rihle (a travel in search of hadith) to obtain a hadith. Another oppression, which put Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi into trouble, stemmed from polemics he lived with Hanafis in Mosul. The fact that Abd al-Ghani lectured from the work called ad-Dafau’l-Kabîr by Uqaylî, in which Uqaylî described Abu Hanifa with rather humiliating words, provoked Abu Hanifa’s supporters; and he was demanded to be executed. Of his last oppressions, the first one happened in Damascus, and the second one happened in Egypt, which was caused by the Ash’arites owing to his approaches related with the faith. Abd al-Ghani, who experienced arguments about beliefs with Ash’arites and was accused of being impiety due to his views, was free from this oppressive life only after he deceased. In this study, the reasons why Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi was exposed to such oppressions were emphasised and the projections of his thoughts he adopted during this troublesome period were put forward.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1124391
Betul Acar
Şahitlik tarih boyunca hukukta vazgeçilmez bir ispat aracı olmuş, adalet ve hakkaniyetin sağlanması adına kabulü bazı şartlara tabi tutulmuştur. İslam yargılama usulünde şahitliğin edası ile ilgili aranan kriterlere ilaveten ceza hukuku özelinde bazı şartlar ve ilkeler belirlenmiştir. Ceza davaları, muâmelât davalarından daha ciddi ve geri dönülemez sonuçlar doğurduğundan Hz. Peygamber ve râşid halifeler bu davalarda daha hassas bir tutum sergilemiş, onların söz ve uygulamalarını delil alan müctehidler ceza davalarında yapılan şahitliklerin geçerli sayılabilmesi konusunda titiz bir yaklaşım ortaya koymuşlardır. Müctehidlerin ortaya koydukları bu yaklaşım bir taraftan ceza davalarında şahitliğe muâmelât davalarındaki şahitlikten daha sıkı şartlar getirip tanığa bazı sorumluluklar yüklerken, diğer taraftan bireyin kolayca suçlu addedilmesi ve cezalandırılmasının önünü tıkayarak onu korumaktadır. Bu makalede, ceza davalarında şahitlikte aranan sıkı şartlar ve şahide yüklenen bazı sorumluluklara ilişkin Hz. Peygamber ve râşid halifelerinin söz ve uygulamaları ile klasik doktrinde benimsenen yaklaşımın tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda hadis kaynaklarındaki örnekler kronolojik olarak aktarılmıştır, dört mezhebin görüşü klasik literatürdeki bazı önemli eserlerden faydalanılarak mukayeseli bir biçimde ele alınmıştır.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1130263
A. Çakmak
A profession is not only a job; it is influenced by the views of the members of the profession and their children, society and culture. In modern times, when this profession is religion, which is a very controversial field, very different meanings and viewpoints can be attributed. Sometimes this is positive, and sometimes it is negative. The research question of the study is “What are the individual, social, religious and emotional and so on consequences of being a child of a religious official?”. The research was designed according to narrative research, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consists of 9 children of religious officials, four men and five women. Being a child of a religious official has important effects on an individual's life. These effects were examined under two main themes, namely advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include piety, leadership and socialization, trust and social privileges. Under the theme of disadvantages, there are deprivations-restrictions, emotions, inhibition of self, and religious indifference. Having religious knowledge and social judgment come as a condition for the emergence of these themes.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1133287
M. Koç
In Islamic law, a person who is lost and whose whereabouts is unknown and who has no information about whether he is dead or alive is called mefkûd. There is a disagreement among the sects as to which kind of property the alimony should be paid to the wife, parents and children of the mefkûd. According to Hanafis, their alimony is covered from their other goods, other than movable or immovable goods, which are within the scope of uruz (commercial goods), which do not risk damage or destruction. According to other sects, their alimony is paid from all kinds of property of the mefkûd. On the subject of the alimony of their relatives, the other three sects, except Hanbalis, share the same view and are of the opinion that their alimony cannot be obtained from the property of the mefkûd. This study, has been handled based on on the Ottoman Period fatwas and court decisions. It is accepted that Islamic Law was applied in the Ottoman Period and in this context, the Hanafi sect was adopted as the official sect. As a result of the study, it will be possible to determine whether Islamic law (Hanafi views) was applied in the Ottoman Period, especially in terms of alimony obligations.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1123420
H. Sözen
The undergraduate Islamic religion teacher training programs has been opened in various higher education institutions in Germany. The aim of these programs, generally providing education at undergraduate and graduate levels, is to train teachers for Islamic religion lesson in primary and secondary education institutions. In this study, undergraduate Islamic religion teacher training programs at Münster, Frankfurt-Giessen and Tübingen universities were compared in terms of various variables. It has been tried to determine the similarities and differences regarding the student admission requirements, study durations, field modules and credits and graduation requirements of the relevant universities. The aim of this study is to examine the undergraduate programs of Islamic religion teacher training programs, to compare them in terms of various variables, and to determine their possibilities and limits. Document analysis was used in the study. For this, these programms were obtained and examined, and the similarities and differences between them were tried to be determined within the framework of the research questions. As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are some similarities and differences between these teacher training programs. Based on the results, solutions were suggested.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1132519
Abdurrahman Haçkali, Seyfullah Kara
The principle of doing no harm and removing harm is an important factor in the formation of both Islamic law and other legal systems, and is mentioned as the basis of many provisions. Harm, which we encounter in almost all subjects of fiqh, from method to fury, is a very broad concept. One of these areas where the damage is effective is the law of obligations in general and the theory of contract in particular. Because the damage is effective in the establishment, health, necessity and execution of the contracts, and it is mentioned as the reason for many provisions in the formation of these issues. In this article, the effect of damage in the theory of corruption belonging to the Hanafi sect, specific to the contract of sale, has been discussed by examining the examples of furu, and it has been tried to be explained with examples. In this context, firstly, the definition and types of damage were discussed, and then the effect of the damage on the health of the sales contract was presented with examples. Then, examples of damage as an independent cause of mischief are given, and then the effect of damage on other causes of mischief is tried to be explained with examples.
{"title":"DAMAGE İN TERMS OF İTS EFFECT ON THE SAFETY OF THE CONTRACT OF SALE","authors":"Abdurrahman Haçkali, Seyfullah Kara","doi":"10.51702/esoguifd.1132519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1132519","url":null,"abstract":"The principle of doing no harm and removing harm is an important factor in the formation of both Islamic law and other legal systems, and is mentioned as the basis of many provisions. Harm, which we encounter in almost all subjects of fiqh, from method to fury, is a very broad concept. One of these areas where the damage is effective is the law of obligations in general and the theory of contract in particular. Because the damage is effective in the establishment, health, necessity and execution of the contracts, and it is mentioned as the reason for many provisions in the formation of these issues. In this article, the effect of damage in the theory of corruption belonging to the Hanafi sect, specific to the contract of sale, has been discussed by examining the examples of furu, and it has been tried to be explained with examples. In this context, firstly, the definition and types of damage were discussed, and then the effect of the damage on the health of the sales contract was presented with examples. Then, examples of damage as an independent cause of mischief are given, and then the effect of damage on other causes of mischief is tried to be explained with examples.","PeriodicalId":33212,"journal":{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48642240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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