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Origen's Conception of Universal Salvation: Apokatastasis 俄利根的宇宙救赎观:死亡转移
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1138028
Nadide Şahi̇n
The doctrine of apokatastasis, which he describes as the return of all souls to their original pure state of mind, is an important example among Origen's theological teachings. However, this doctrine is also one of the most controversial issues in his theology. Believing that the end should resemble the beginning, Origen offers a universal understanding of salvation in which all beings will ultimately be saved by reconciling human freedom and the plan that createdby God for humanity. The effect of this teaching of Origen on the period after him is especially evident on theologians who were supporters of the apokatastasis doctrine, such as Didymus The Blind, Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius and Gregory of Nazianzus. In this context, he is one of the main figures whose views are included not only in the early period, but also in the discussions with the understanding of universal salvation within the church from past to present. In this study, our aim is to reveal the nature of the apokatastasis phenomenon by examining Origen's statements on the subject in a comprehensive and analytical manner based on his works. There is no independent study in this framework in our field. In this context, it is important to consider the early views and interpretations of the salvation theory, which are related to modern thoughts, both in terms of helping us retrieve a fuller picture of the patristic mindset and laying the groundwork for further studies on the doctrine of apokatastasis and the understanding of universal salvation.
神化学说,他描述为所有灵魂回归到他们最初的纯粹的精神状态,是奥利金神学教义中的一个重要例子。然而,这一教义也是他神学中最具争议的问题之一。奥利金相信结局应该与开端相似,他提出了一种对救赎的普遍理解,即通过调和人类的自由和上帝为人类创造的计划,所有人最终都会得救。俄利根的这种教学对他之后的时期的影响尤其明显,特别是在神学家身上,他们是天启论的支持者,如盲人Didymus, Nyssa的Gregory, Evagrius和Nazianzus的Gregory。在这种背景下,他的观点不仅出现在早期,而且从过去到现在都出现在教会内部对普遍救赎理解的讨论中。在本研究中,我们的目的是通过对俄利金关于这一主题的论述进行全面和分析的方式来揭示apoatastasis现象的本质。在我们的领域中,还没有针对这个框架的独立研究。在这种背景下,考虑与现代思想相关的早期救赎理论的观点和解释是很重要的,这既有助于我们更全面地了解教父的心态,也为进一步研究天启论和理解普遍救赎奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
From Exile To Teaching: Ottoman Intellectual And Literary Historian Müderriszâde Mehmed Fehmi's Adventure 从流放到教学:奥斯曼知识分子和文学历史学家姆<s:1> derrisz<e:1> de Mehmed Fehmi的冒险
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1135936
İsmail Araz
In this article, the biography of Baghdadi Mehmed Fehmi, one of the important literary historians of the 20th century, was examined. In the study, especially the exile part which has an important place in his life, is emphasized. This event brought him fame in the later years of his life. How Mehmed Fehmi came to Istanbul the capital of the period after his exile was investigated. Was given to the transition from exile to the post in Dârülfünun, the higher education institution of the period. While dealing with this part of his life, Mehmet Fehmi's aspect as a literary historian, which has an undeniable importance in his life, and his view on the history of literature is also referred to throughout the study. In this context, when the aforementioned adventure of Mehmed Fehmi, who has an adventure as a civil servant, exile and, professor of literary history, is emphasized. This highlighting constitutes an answer to the claims about the course of the history of Arabic literature in the Ottoman period. The study concluded by underlining the necessity and importance of handling Mehmed Fehmi's life in detail in a future independent study.
在这篇文章中,研究了巴格达迪·穆罕默德·费米的传记,他是20世纪重要的文学史家之一。在他的研究中,特别强调了在他的生活中占有重要地位的流亡部分。这件事使他在晚年声名鹊起。Mehmed Fehmi是如何在他被流放后来到伊斯坦布尔的。被赋予了从流亡到职位的过渡,在 lf尼姑,这一时期的高等教育机构。在论述费米的这段人生历程时,费米作为文学史家的一面在他的人生中有着不可否认的重要性,他对文学史的看法也贯穿于整个研究之中。在这种背景下,当前面提到的穆罕默德·费米的冒险时,他作为公务员,流亡者和文学史教授的冒险被强调。这种突出构成了对奥斯曼帝国时期阿拉伯文学历史进程的回答。该研究最后强调了在未来的独立研究中详细处理Mehmed Fehmi生活的必要性和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
SUGAR IN THE CRUSADES AND ITS JOURNEY TO THE WEST 糖在十字军东征及其西行中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1115000
Nadir Karakuş
We call the years 1095-1291 as “The Age of Crusaders”, and this process was the meeting of civilizations as well as hostilities. The Crusaders, who did not know much about the Islamic civilization, started to get to know them with the first contacts. In the meantime, they began to meet new and unfamiliar flavors such as candy. The Crusaders, who took over the sugar factories in the cities they captured in Syria, started to export the sugar they produced from here to Europe as well as consuming them themselves. While Italian merchants started to earn a lot of money from this business, Europeans who sweetened with honey began to get used to this new product. After that, sugar began to be transported to the West by ships, and the first steps of exploitation began to be taken. Sugar production centers of the former Byzantine Empire, such as Cyprus Island in 1191 and Rhodes in 1310, were included in the ships loaded with sugar from ports such as Akkâ, Tyre and Beirut. From this work, of course, the Venetians and the knightly orders started to increase their wealth. During this process, the captives captured in the wars started to work in the sugar cane fields and showed up in the collection of the product. This situation showed itself more in America, which is called the New World, in the later stages of the expeditions, and the slaves taken from Africa became the newly oppressed and assimilated of this continent. The seeds of this process were planted in Syria and Palestine by 1098.
我们把1095年至1291年称为“十字军时代”,这个过程是文明的相遇,也是敌对的相遇。对伊斯兰文明了解不多的十字军,在第一次接触中开始了解他们。与此同时,他们开始遇到新的和不熟悉的口味,如糖果。十字军接管了他们在叙利亚占领的城市的糖厂,开始将他们在这里生产的糖出口到欧洲,并自己消费。当意大利商人开始从这种生意中赚了很多钱时,用蜂蜜增甜的欧洲人开始习惯这种新产品。在那之后,糖开始用船运往西部,开始采取开发的第一步。前拜占庭帝国的糖生产中心,如1191年的塞浦路斯岛和1310年的罗德岛,被包括在从阿克、提尔和贝鲁特等港口装载糖的船只中。当然,通过这项工作,威尼斯人和骑士团开始增加他们的财富。在这个过程中,在战争中被俘的俘虏开始在甘蔗地里工作,并出现在产品的收集中。这种情况在被称为“新世界”的美洲,在远征的后期阶段表现得更加明显,从非洲带走的奴隶成为这个大陆上新近受到压迫和同化的人。到1098年,这一进程的种子已经在叙利亚和巴勒斯坦播下。
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引用次数: 0
Doubt in terms of Kalam and Philosophy 卡拉姆和哲学方面的怀疑
Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1133153
Yunus Eraslan
The concept of doubt has been the common issue of religions and philosophy in the epistemological sense in the historical process. This concept, which is used in depth and diversity in the history of philosophy, has been used more functionally for research and questioning purposes in Islamic thought. In this context, three types of doubt can be mentioned in terms of philosophy: septic, methodical and fideistic. While skepticism, which is the first of these doubt types in Islamic thought, has been criticized as being equivalent to denialism, skeptical fideism has not been accepted in the context of religious texts that give importance and value to reason and research. Methodical doubt has been encouraged both in religious texts and Islamic thought in order to reach true and precise knowledge in terms of research and questioning. For this reason, in this study, starting from the Ancient Age, the types of doubt and doubt will be examined in terms of philosophy, then these types of doubt will be compared in terms of religious texts and theological thought, and their importance and value in terms of Islamic thought will be revealed.
在历史进程中,怀疑概念一直是宗教和哲学在认识论意义上的共同问题。这一概念在哲学史上被深度和多样性地使用,在伊斯兰思想中被更多地用于研究和质疑目的。在这种情况下,可以从哲学的角度提到三种类型的怀疑:化脓性怀疑、系统性怀疑和信仰性怀疑。怀疑主义是伊斯兰思想中的第一种怀疑类型,它被批评为等同于否定主义,而怀疑主义的信仰主义在给予理性和研究重要性和价值的宗教文本背景下并未被接受。在宗教文本和伊斯兰思想中都鼓励有系统的怀疑,以便在研究和提问方面获得真实和精确的知识。因此,在本研究中,从古代开始,将怀疑和怀疑的类型从哲学的角度进行考察,然后将这些类型的怀疑从宗教文本和神学思想的角度进行比较,并揭示它们在伊斯兰思想中的重要性和价值。
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引用次数: 0
The Opportunıty of Freedom of Wıll and The Nature of Values In The Phılosophy of Ziya Gökalp: The Theory of Husn and Qubh Wıl自由的机会与Ziya Gökalp哲学中的价值本质:胡森和库布理论
Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1112339
Osman Demi̇rci̇
Abstract In this article, it is aimed to evaluate Ziya Gökalp's views on freedom of will and value judgments in the context of husn - qubh theory in terms of consistency by considering them as a whole. Bringing a new perspective to the discussion of whether good and evil can be known by reason or revelation in traditional theology, the thinker will claim that society is the determining factor in this regard, with the influence of positivist philosophy. The thinker's views on both freedom of will and values are shaped according to his society-centered philosophy. According to him, the only place where value judgments that exceed human will are based on society. Society both limits the freedom of people and determines their value judgments. In Gökalp, both the possibility of freedom of will in social life and the passive position of the individual in the face of values are dealt with in a very striking way.
摘要 本文旨在从一致性的角度来评价齐亚·戈卡尔普在胡森-库布理论背景下对意志自由和价值判断的看法,并将其作为一个整体来看待。在实证主义哲学的影响下,思想家将以一种新的视角来讨论传统神学中的善与恶是否可以通过理性或启示来认识,并声称社会是这方面的决定因素。这位思想家关于意志自由和价值观的观点是根据他以社会为中心的哲学而形成的。据他说,唯一超越人类意志的价值判断是基于社会的。社会既限制了人们的自由,又决定了他们的价值判断。在Gökalp,社会生活中意志自由的可能性和个人在价值观面前的被动地位都以一种非常引人注目的方式得到了处理。
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引用次数: 0
İnsansız Dünyada Aile ve Din: Transhümanist Bir Perspektif 世界、家庭和宗教中的非人:一种超人道主义视角
Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1133359
Talip Demir
In the historical process, family and religion are supportive of one another, even needy to one another. The family became the bearer of religious values, while religion protected the family by sanctifying. In doing so, they have secured the survival of social life and of themselves. However, secularization has reduced the influence of religion on individual and social life. This process is promoted by transhumanism, a socio-cultural movement that has increased its fans and is getting stronger, especially since the beginning of the 21st century. Because transhumanism, unlike religions, is driven by the assumption that man is a flawed creation and therefore needs to be developed physically and spiritually. It has a mindset that sees the use of all kinds of technologies as necessary and compulsory, which gives man a painless, comfortable, and long life in this world. Thus, the adoption of the values espoused by transhumanism means the transformation of religion and all traditional structures powered by religion. In this study, the transformations which the Turkish family structures both experience and are likely to experience will be discussed from the perspective of transhumanism. The main purpose of the study is to demonstrate both the current and future impacts of the global value atmosphere, which has contributed to the spread and transformation of the transhumanist movement, on the Turkish family.
在历史进程中,家庭与宗教是相互支持的,甚至是相互需要的。家庭成为宗教价值观的承担者,而宗教通过神圣化来保护家庭。在这样做的过程中,他们确保了社会生活和他们自己的生存。然而,世俗化减少了宗教对个人和社会生活的影响。这一过程是由超人类主义推动的,超人类主义是一种社会文化运动,尤其是自21世纪初以来,它的粉丝越来越多,而且越来越强大。因为与宗教不同,超人类主义是由这样的假设驱动的:人是有缺陷的创造物,因此需要在身体和精神上得到发展。它有一种心态,认为各种技术的使用是必要的和强制性的,这给了人类在这个世界上无痛、舒适和长寿的生活。因此,采用超人类主义所支持的价值观意味着宗教和所有由宗教驱动的传统结构的转变。在本研究中,土耳其家庭结构已经经历和可能经历的转变将从超人类主义的角度进行讨论。该研究的主要目的是展示全球价值氛围对土耳其家庭的当前和未来影响,这有助于超人类主义运动的传播和转变。
{"title":"İnsansız Dünyada Aile ve Din: Transhümanist Bir Perspektif","authors":"Talip Demir","doi":"10.51702/esoguifd.1133359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1133359","url":null,"abstract":"In the historical process, family and religion are supportive of one another, even needy to one another. The family became the bearer of religious values, while religion protected the family by sanctifying. In doing so, they have secured the survival of social life and of themselves. However, secularization has reduced the influence of religion on individual and social life. This process is promoted by transhumanism, a socio-cultural movement that has increased its fans and is getting stronger, especially since the beginning of the 21st century. Because transhumanism, unlike religions, is driven by the assumption that man is a flawed creation and therefore needs to be developed physically and spiritually. It has a mindset that sees the use of all kinds of technologies as necessary and compulsory, which gives man a painless, comfortable, and long life in this world. Thus, the adoption of the values espoused by transhumanism means the transformation of religion and all traditional structures powered by religion. In this study, the transformations which the Turkish family structures both experience and are likely to experience will be discussed from the perspective of transhumanism. The main purpose of the study is to demonstrate both the current and future impacts of the global value atmosphere, which has contributed to the spread and transformation of the transhumanist movement, on the Turkish family.","PeriodicalId":33212,"journal":{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mukhālaʿa From Theory to Practice: In the Model of the 19th Century Istanbul Bab Court and Diyarbakir Qāḍī Registries Mukhāla从理论到实践:在19世纪伊斯坦布尔巴布宫廷和迪亚巴克尔的模式Qāḍī登记处
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1130427
Hande Yavuz, Tuba Erkoç Baydar
The qāḍī registers are critical sources in that they reflect the socio-economic, cultural, and political structure of the Ottoman state, and show how Islamic legal theory works in practice. Not only do registers provide researchers with important information on legal proceedings such as endowments, donations, purchases, leases, and inheritances, but they also provide critical data on issues directly related to family law such as marriage and divorce. Although divorce does not require a court record in Islamic law, mukhālaʿa is generally registered with a court record. By comparatively presenting two different experiences of mukhālaʿa such as Diyarbakir and Istanbul, this article provides a holistic look at Islamic family law as applied in the Ottoman Empire and reveals the practical counterpart of Islamic legal theory.
qāḍī登记处是重要的资料来源,因为它们反映了奥斯曼帝国的社会经济、文化和政治结构,并展示了伊斯兰法律理论如何在实践中发挥作用。登记簿不仅为研究人员提供了有关捐赠、捐赠、购买、租赁和继承等法律程序的重要信息,而且还提供了与婚姻和离婚等家庭法直接相关问题的关键数据。虽然在伊斯兰法律中离婚不需要法庭记录,但mukhāla一般都是在法庭记录中登记的。本文通过对迪亚巴克尔和伊斯坦布尔这两个不同经历的比较,对伊斯兰家庭法在奥斯曼帝国的应用提供了一个整体的视角,并揭示了伊斯兰法律理论的实践对应物。
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引用次数: 0
Safina Carnival as The Common Heritage of Abrahimist Religions on Cudi Mountain 库地山亚伯拉罕宗教的共同遗产——萨芬娜狂欢节
Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1136595
İsmet Tunç
The Sefine region, which is the subject of the study, is located on Mount Cudi. According to the belief, after a flood that took place in the time of Noah, the ship carrying Noah and his companions sat on Mount Judi. The place where the ship sits is named Sefine, which means ship in Arabic. It is believed that Noah prayed two rak'ahs and sacrificed here because of the salvation from the flood. There is also a temple, which is believed to have been founded by Noah. The temple is considered sacred by Jews, Christians and Muslims in the region. So that Thus a cult of pilgrimage emerged. Muslims in the region also continued this pilgrimage cult. In this context, they organize a festival that lasts for 3 weeks in July every year in order to protect the salvation from the flood and the legacy of Noah in the region. In this study, the historical background and performance of the festival, which has been suspended for many years due to security problems in the region and celebrated again in 2021, is given. Qualitative method was used in the study and participatory observation has made.
该研究的主题是位于库地山的塞弗尼地区。根据信仰,在诺亚时代发生的洪水之后,诺亚和他的同伴乘坐的船坐在朱迪山上。这艘船所在的地方名叫塞芬,在阿拉伯语中是船的意思。人们相信诺亚祈祷了两个拉克,并在这里献祭,因为从洪水中得到了拯救。这里还有一座神庙,据信是诺亚建造的。这座寺庙被该地区的犹太人、基督徒和穆斯林视为圣地。于是一种朝圣崇拜就出现了。该地区的穆斯林也继续这种朝圣仪式。在这种背景下,他们在每年7月组织一个持续3周的节日,以保护该地区免受洪水的拯救和诺亚的遗产。在本研究中,给出了该节日的历史背景和表现,该节日因该地区的安全问题而暂停多年,并于2021年再次庆祝。本研究采用定性方法,并进行参与式观察。
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引用次数: 1
Muslim Qur’ānic Interpretation Today: Media, Genealogies and Interpretive Communities, Johanna Pink (Sheffield: Equinox Publishing, 2019) 《今日穆斯林古兰经解读:媒体、家谱和解读社区》,Johanna Pink(谢菲尔德:春分出版社,2019)
Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1138490
Burcu Di̇lek
The contemporary tafsir movement, which has experienced significant changes in terms of subjects and sources in the interpretation of the Qur'an, has led many researchers to consider the interpretation of the Qur'an from different perspectives. Although the commentaries written in the modern period include regional and social differences, the contemporary interpretation of the Qur'an in general, unlike the detailed discussions in traditional tafsir texts, basically centers on the Qur'an and its message. However, according to Johanna Pink, such change is not entirely breaking. Based on the theoretical framework, the author acknowledges that this change is part of continuity. In her book, she attempts to determine the period in which change occurs and its effects on the interpretation of the Qur'an. She also discussed the effects of the media in different contexts alongside religious and political authority in the change process. Besides she compared the contemporary tafsir method with the traditional, Salafi, postmodern interpretation methods and revealed how the interpretation of the Qur'an was shaped in the modern period.
当代的tafsir运动在解读《古兰经》的主体和来源方面都发生了重大变化,这导致许多研究人员从不同的角度考虑对《古兰经的解读。尽管现代时期撰写的评论包括地区和社会差异,但与传统塔西尔文本中的详细讨论不同,当代对《古兰经》的总体解读基本上以《古兰经及其信息》为中心。然而,Johanna Pink认为,这种变化并没有完全打破。基于理论框架,作者承认这种变化是连续性的一部分。在她的书中,她试图确定变化发生的时期及其对《古兰经》解释的影响。她还讨论了媒体在不同背景下以及宗教和政治权威在变革过程中的影响。此外,她还将当代的塔菲方法与传统的、萨拉菲的、后现代的解读方法进行了比较,揭示了《古兰经》的解读在现代是如何形成的。
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引用次数: 0
A Review on The Cordoban Ibn Al-Tallāʿ (d. 497/1104) And His Book Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh 科尔多瓦·伊本·阿尔-塔拉伊(497/1104)及其著作《Aqdiyat》Rasūlıllāh述评
Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.51702/esoguifd.1122290
Fatma Betül Altıntaş
This article is about the book of Andalusian Mālikī jurist and muhaddith Ibn al-Ṭallāʿ (d. 497/1104), which brings together the narrations including the judgments and sentences issued by the Prophet. Known as Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh, this work is the most well-known book compiling the judgments of the Prophet. Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh is important in terms of showing the purposes, content and functions of Aqdiyat genre. The work was written as a kind of handbook during the period when Ibn al-Tallā gave fatwa in Cordoba. The book contributes to both branches of fiqh and hadith, as it contains details about both. Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh can be positioned within hadith books that include only juristic narrations. In the field of fiqh, it can be accepted as one of the works that constitute a source for the nawāzil genre.
这篇文章是关于安达卢西亚Mālikī法学家和穆罕默德·伊本·-Ṭallā·伊(公元497/1104年)的书,它汇集了包括先知发布的判决和判决在内的叙述。这部作品被称为Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh,是最著名的汇集先知审判的书。Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh在展示Aqdiyat类型的目的、内容和功能方面非常重要。这部作品是在伊本·塔尔塔在科尔多瓦发布法特瓦时写成的一种手册。这本书对伊斯兰教和圣训的两个分支都有贡献,因为它包含了两者的细节。Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh可以定位在圣训书中,只包括法律叙述。在伊斯兰教领域,它可以被接受为构成nawāzil流派来源的作品之一。
{"title":"A Review on The Cordoban Ibn Al-Tallāʿ (d. 497/1104) And His Book Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh","authors":"Fatma Betül Altıntaş","doi":"10.51702/esoguifd.1122290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1122290","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about the book of Andalusian Mālikī jurist and muhaddith Ibn al-Ṭallāʿ (d. 497/1104), which brings together the narrations including the judgments and sentences issued by the Prophet. Known as Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh, this work is the most well-known book compiling the judgments of the Prophet. Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh is important in terms of showing the purposes, content and functions of Aqdiyat genre. The work was written as a kind of handbook during the period when Ibn al-Tallā gave fatwa in Cordoba. The book contributes to both branches of fiqh and hadith, as it contains details about both. Aqdiyat Rasūlıllāh can be positioned within hadith books that include only juristic narrations. In the field of fiqh, it can be accepted as one of the works that constitute a source for the nawāzil genre.","PeriodicalId":33212,"journal":{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi
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