Zinc chalcogenides doped with Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions are of considerable interest as active media for IR lasers operating in the 2–5 µm wavelength range. Such lasers are in demand in various fields of medicine, remote sensing and atmospheric monitoring, ranging, optical communication systems, and military applications. In recent years, however, the rate of improvement in the characteristics of zinc chalcogenide laser sources has slowed considerably. Unwanted thermally induced effects, parasitic oscillations, and laser-induced damage of the active element have hindered the scaling of output power and efficiency. However, the physical and chemical properties of the materials leave ample room for further improvements. In particular, the control of the dopant concentration profile in the active element is of great importance. Zero concentration of Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions on the radiation input/output surfaces can significantly increase the laser-induced damage threshold; the designed concentration distribution in the element volume allows regulation of heat dissipation and reduction of parasitic oscillations. The zinc chalcogenide ceramic technology seems to be the most suitable to solve this challenge. This review presents and discusses the state of the art in ZnS and ZnSe optical and laser ceramics and the directions for further development of their technology.
{"title":"A Review of Cr2+ or Fe2+ Ion-Doped Zinc Sulfide and Zinc Selenide Ceramics as IR Laser Active Media","authors":"N. Timofeeva, S. Balabanov, Jiang Li","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030094","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc chalcogenides doped with Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions are of considerable interest as active media for IR lasers operating in the 2–5 µm wavelength range. Such lasers are in demand in various fields of medicine, remote sensing and atmospheric monitoring, ranging, optical communication systems, and military applications. In recent years, however, the rate of improvement in the characteristics of zinc chalcogenide laser sources has slowed considerably. Unwanted thermally induced effects, parasitic oscillations, and laser-induced damage of the active element have hindered the scaling of output power and efficiency. However, the physical and chemical properties of the materials leave ample room for further improvements. In particular, the control of the dopant concentration profile in the active element is of great importance. Zero concentration of Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions on the radiation input/output surfaces can significantly increase the laser-induced damage threshold; the designed concentration distribution in the element volume allows regulation of heat dissipation and reduction of parasitic oscillations. The zinc chalcogenide ceramic technology seems to be the most suitable to solve this challenge. This review presents and discusses the state of the art in ZnS and ZnSe optical and laser ceramics and the directions for further development of their technology.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46444921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Dymshits, A. Bachina, I. Alekseeva, V. Golubkov, M. Tsenter, S. Zapalova, K. Bogdanov, D. Danilovich, A. Zhilin
Phase transformations in the lithium aluminosilicate glass nucleated by a mixture of yttrium and niobium oxides and doped with cobalt ions were studied for the development of multifunctional transparent glass-ceramics. Initial glass and glass-ceramics obtained by isothermal heat-treatments at 700–900 °C contain YNbO4 nanocrystals with the distorted tetragonal structure. In samples heated at 1000 °C and above, the monoclinic features are observed. High-temperature X-ray diffraction technique clarifies the mechanism of the monoclinic yttrium orthoniobate formation, which occurs not upon high-temperature heat-treatments above 900 °C but at cooling the glass-ceramics after such heat-treatments, when YNbO4 nanocrystals with tetragonal structure undergo the second-order transformation at ~550 °C. Lithium aluminosilicate solid solutions (ss) with β-quartz structure are the main crystalline phase of glass-ceramics prepared in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C. These structural transformations are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and illustrated by SEM study. The absorption spectrum of the material changes only with crystallization of the β-quartz ss due to entering the Co2+ ions into this phase mainly in octahedral coordination, substituting for Li+ ions. At the crystallization temperature of 1000 °C, the Co2+ coordination in the β-quartz solid solutions changes to tetrahedral one. Transparent glass-ceramics have a thermal expansion coefficient of about 10 × 10−7 K−1.
{"title":"Phase Transformations upon Formation of Transparent Lithium Alumosilicate Glass-Ceramics Nucleated by Yttrium Niobates","authors":"O. Dymshits, A. Bachina, I. Alekseeva, V. Golubkov, M. Tsenter, S. Zapalova, K. Bogdanov, D. Danilovich, A. Zhilin","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030092","url":null,"abstract":"Phase transformations in the lithium aluminosilicate glass nucleated by a mixture of yttrium and niobium oxides and doped with cobalt ions were studied for the development of multifunctional transparent glass-ceramics. Initial glass and glass-ceramics obtained by isothermal heat-treatments at 700–900 °C contain YNbO4 nanocrystals with the distorted tetragonal structure. In samples heated at 1000 °C and above, the monoclinic features are observed. High-temperature X-ray diffraction technique clarifies the mechanism of the monoclinic yttrium orthoniobate formation, which occurs not upon high-temperature heat-treatments above 900 °C but at cooling the glass-ceramics after such heat-treatments, when YNbO4 nanocrystals with tetragonal structure undergo the second-order transformation at ~550 °C. Lithium aluminosilicate solid solutions (ss) with β-quartz structure are the main crystalline phase of glass-ceramics prepared in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C. These structural transformations are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and illustrated by SEM study. The absorption spectrum of the material changes only with crystallization of the β-quartz ss due to entering the Co2+ ions into this phase mainly in octahedral coordination, substituting for Li+ ions. At the crystallization temperature of 1000 °C, the Co2+ coordination in the β-quartz solid solutions changes to tetrahedral one. Transparent glass-ceramics have a thermal expansion coefficient of about 10 × 10−7 K−1.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42848458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lydia V. Ermakova, V. G. Smyslova, Valery V. Dubov, D. Kuznetsova, Maria S. Malozovskaya, R. Saifutyarov, P. Karpyuk, P. Sokolov, I. Komendo, A. Bondarau, V. Mechinsky, M. Korzhik
The production of the scintillation ceramics can require the utilization of the phosphorus compounds at certain stages of 3D-printing, such as vat polymerization, applied for the formation of green bodies before sintering. The effect of phosphorus additive on the microstructure, optical, and scintillation parameters of Gd1.494Y1.494 Ce0.012Al2Ga3O12 (GYAGG:Ce) ceramics obtained by pressureless sintering at 1650 °C in an oxygen atmosphere was investigated for the first time. Phosphorus was introduced in the form of NH4H2PO4 into the initial hydroxocarbonate precipitate in a wide concentration range (from 0 to 0.6 wt.%). With increasing of phosphorus concentration, the density and the optical transmittance of garnet ceramics show a decrease, which is caused by an increase in the number of pores and inclusions. The light yield of fast scintillation, which is caused by Ce3+ ions, was found to be affected by the phosphorus additive as well. Moreover, an increase in phosphorescence intensity was recognized.
{"title":"Effect of a Phosphorus Additive on Luminescent and Scintillation Properties of Ceramics GYAGG:Ce","authors":"Lydia V. Ermakova, V. G. Smyslova, Valery V. Dubov, D. Kuznetsova, Maria S. Malozovskaya, R. Saifutyarov, P. Karpyuk, P. Sokolov, I. Komendo, A. Bondarau, V. Mechinsky, M. Korzhik","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030091","url":null,"abstract":"The production of the scintillation ceramics can require the utilization of the phosphorus compounds at certain stages of 3D-printing, such as vat polymerization, applied for the formation of green bodies before sintering. The effect of phosphorus additive on the microstructure, optical, and scintillation parameters of Gd1.494Y1.494 Ce0.012Al2Ga3O12 (GYAGG:Ce) ceramics obtained by pressureless sintering at 1650 °C in an oxygen atmosphere was investigated for the first time. Phosphorus was introduced in the form of NH4H2PO4 into the initial hydroxocarbonate precipitate in a wide concentration range (from 0 to 0.6 wt.%). With increasing of phosphorus concentration, the density and the optical transmittance of garnet ceramics show a decrease, which is caused by an increase in the number of pores and inclusions. The light yield of fast scintillation, which is caused by Ce3+ ions, was found to be affected by the phosphorus additive as well. Moreover, an increase in phosphorescence intensity was recognized.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synthesis of the nanopowders of magnesium oxide and magnesium fluoride during the operation of a repetitive diffuse nanosecond discharge in argon at various pressures was performed. Nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of −70 kV, a rise time of 0.7 ns, and a duration of 0.7 ns were applied across a point-to-plane gap of 2 mm in length. The pulse repetition rate was 60 Hz. The high-voltage pointed electrode was made of magnesium. A diffuse discharge cold plasma was formed under these conditions. Nanoparticles were produced as a result of an explosion of microprotrusions on the surface of the magnesium electrode duo to a high current density. Lines of magnesium atoms and ions were observed in the emission optical spectrum. Under the actions of the gas dynamics processes caused by the plasma channel expansion during the interpulse period, nanoparticles were deposited onto the surface of the grounded plane electrode and the side wall of the gas discharge chamber. The morphology, elemental, and phase composition of the powders were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
{"title":"Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Fluoride Nanopowders Produced in a Diffuse Nanosecond Discharge in Argon","authors":"D. Beloplotov, K. Savkin, V. Semin, D. Sorokin","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030090","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of the nanopowders of magnesium oxide and magnesium fluoride during the operation of a repetitive diffuse nanosecond discharge in argon at various pressures was performed. Nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of −70 kV, a rise time of 0.7 ns, and a duration of 0.7 ns were applied across a point-to-plane gap of 2 mm in length. The pulse repetition rate was 60 Hz. The high-voltage pointed electrode was made of magnesium. A diffuse discharge cold plasma was formed under these conditions. Nanoparticles were produced as a result of an explosion of microprotrusions on the surface of the magnesium electrode duo to a high current density. Lines of magnesium atoms and ions were observed in the emission optical spectrum. Under the actions of the gas dynamics processes caused by the plasma channel expansion during the interpulse period, nanoparticles were deposited onto the surface of the grounded plane electrode and the side wall of the gas discharge chamber. The morphology, elemental, and phase composition of the powders were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermal insulation properties of building walls are critical to the overall energy efficiency and comfort of a building. One important factor that can affect these properties is the type of bricks used in construction. Bricks can vary in their geometry and thermal coefficient, which can impact their ability to transfer heat through the wall. The geometry of a brick can affect its thermal properties by altering the amount of air trapped within it and the surface area available for heat transfer. Hollow bricks or those with complex geometries may have lower thermal conductivity than regular solid bricks due to the air pockets trapped within them. Conversely, larger surface areas on the exterior of the brick can increase heat transfer. The thermal coefficient of clay, a common material used in brick production, is another important factor. Clay has relatively low thermal conductivity, meaning it is a poor conductor of heat. However, the quality of the clay, as well as the firing temperature and duration used in brick production, can impact its thermal coefficient. Higher firing temperatures and longer firing times can result in a more compact and dense clay brick, which can improve its thermal properties. In summary, the thermal insulation properties of building walls can be significantly affected by the type of bricks used in their construction. It is important to consider the geometry and thermal coefficient of the bricks when designing a building to achieve the desired level of thermal insulation. By selecting bricks with appropriate properties, designers can help to improve the energy efficiency and comfort of the building while reducing its environmental impact.
{"title":"Optimizing Building Thermal Insulation: The Impact of Brick Geometry and Thermal Coefficient on Energy Efficiency and Comfort","authors":"Ioannis Makrygiannis, K. Karalis","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030089","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal insulation properties of building walls are critical to the overall energy efficiency and comfort of a building. One important factor that can affect these properties is the type of bricks used in construction. Bricks can vary in their geometry and thermal coefficient, which can impact their ability to transfer heat through the wall. The geometry of a brick can affect its thermal properties by altering the amount of air trapped within it and the surface area available for heat transfer. Hollow bricks or those with complex geometries may have lower thermal conductivity than regular solid bricks due to the air pockets trapped within them. Conversely, larger surface areas on the exterior of the brick can increase heat transfer. The thermal coefficient of clay, a common material used in brick production, is another important factor. Clay has relatively low thermal conductivity, meaning it is a poor conductor of heat. However, the quality of the clay, as well as the firing temperature and duration used in brick production, can impact its thermal coefficient. Higher firing temperatures and longer firing times can result in a more compact and dense clay brick, which can improve its thermal properties. In summary, the thermal insulation properties of building walls can be significantly affected by the type of bricks used in their construction. It is important to consider the geometry and thermal coefficient of the bricks when designing a building to achieve the desired level of thermal insulation. By selecting bricks with appropriate properties, designers can help to improve the energy efficiency and comfort of the building while reducing its environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sharko, Aleksandra I Serokurova, N. Novitskii, V. A. Ketsko, A. Stognij
The microwave properties of structures in the form of the 2 μm iron-yttrium garnet (YIG) films, grown by the ion beam sputtering deposition method on epitaxially mismatched substrates of ferroelectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT, PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3), are discussed. The obtained structures were formed and pre-smoothed by the ion beam planarization substrates with the use of an anti-diffusion layer of titanium dioxide TiO2. The atomic force microscopy showed that the planarization of the substrates allows for reaching a nanoscale level of roughness (up to 10 nm). The presence of smooth plane–parallel interfaces of YIG/TiO2 and TiO2/PZT is evidenced by scanning electron microscopy performed in focused gallium ion beams. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a broadening in the absorption line of the ferrite garnet layers in the resonance ≈ 100 Oe. This broadening is associated with the presence of defects caused by the of the ceramic substrate non-ideality. The estimated damping coefficient of spin waves turned out to be ~10−3, which is two orders of magnitude higher than in an ideal YIG single crystal. The YIG/TiO2/PZT structures obtained can be used for the study of spin waves.
{"title":"Application the Ion Beam Sputtering Deposition Technique for the Development of Spin-Wave Structures on Ferroelectric Substrates","authors":"S. Sharko, Aleksandra I Serokurova, N. Novitskii, V. A. Ketsko, A. Stognij","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030087","url":null,"abstract":"The microwave properties of structures in the form of the 2 μm iron-yttrium garnet (YIG) films, grown by the ion beam sputtering deposition method on epitaxially mismatched substrates of ferroelectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT, PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3), are discussed. The obtained structures were formed and pre-smoothed by the ion beam planarization substrates with the use of an anti-diffusion layer of titanium dioxide TiO2. The atomic force microscopy showed that the planarization of the substrates allows for reaching a nanoscale level of roughness (up to 10 nm). The presence of smooth plane–parallel interfaces of YIG/TiO2 and TiO2/PZT is evidenced by scanning electron microscopy performed in focused gallium ion beams. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a broadening in the absorption line of the ferrite garnet layers in the resonance ≈ 100 Oe. This broadening is associated with the presence of defects caused by the of the ceramic substrate non-ideality. The estimated damping coefficient of spin waves turned out to be ~10−3, which is two orders of magnitude higher than in an ideal YIG single crystal. The YIG/TiO2/PZT structures obtained can be used for the study of spin waves.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45802002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander I. Kuznetsov, T. Safronova, T. Shatalova, Y. Filippov, V. S. Vlasenko, M. Likhanov
Materials (cement stone samples) in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system with the target phase compositions, including syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O and calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O, were prepared from powder mixtures of calcium sulfate anhydrite CaSO4, and/or calciolangbeinite K2Ca2(SO4)3, and potassium sulfate K2SO4 via hydration reactions at a water/powder ratio within an interval of 0.5–0.9. It was revealed that samples with contents of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O demonstrated a nonlinear dependence of their respective microstructures on their phase compositions. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 25 and 75 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of pillar crystals. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 50 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of plate crystals. An explanation of microstructure formation was set forth, taking into account equilibria of the dissolution–crystallization processes during cement stone formation. Materials obtained in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system consisting of biocompatible and resorbable (soluble in water) phases can be recommended for testing as potential substances for bone defect treatments.
{"title":"Materials in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O System Based on Powder Mixtures including Calciolangbeinite K2Ca2(SO4)3 and Calcium Sulfate Anhydrite CaSO4","authors":"Alexander I. Kuznetsov, T. Safronova, T. Shatalova, Y. Filippov, V. S. Vlasenko, M. Likhanov","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030088","url":null,"abstract":"Materials (cement stone samples) in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system with the target phase compositions, including syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O and calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O, were prepared from powder mixtures of calcium sulfate anhydrite CaSO4, and/or calciolangbeinite K2Ca2(SO4)3, and potassium sulfate K2SO4 via hydration reactions at a water/powder ratio within an interval of 0.5–0.9. It was revealed that samples with contents of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O demonstrated a nonlinear dependence of their respective microstructures on their phase compositions. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 25 and 75 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of pillar crystals. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 50 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of plate crystals. An explanation of microstructure formation was set forth, taking into account equilibria of the dissolution–crystallization processes during cement stone formation. Materials obtained in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system consisting of biocompatible and resorbable (soluble in water) phases can be recommended for testing as potential substances for bone defect treatments.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46124232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. S. Lukina, L. Bionyshev-Abramov, S. Kotov, Natalya Serejnikova, D. Smolentsev, S. Sivkov
The rate of resorption of calcium phosphate self-hardening materials for bone regeneration can be changed by changing the phase composition. The Ca3(PO4)2/CaCO3/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O/Na2HPO4·12H2O system is important for the synthesis of self-curing bioactive materials with variable resorption rates by changing the ratios of the initial components. Cement compositions in twelve figurative points of a four-component composition diagram at a fixed content in the α-Ca3(PO4)2 system were studied with XRD, FTIR, SEM, calorimetric, and volumetric methods to obtain an idea of the effect of composition on solubility in vitro and resorption in vivo. It was found that the presence of the highly resorbable phase of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in cement and the substitution of phosphate ions with the carbonate ions of hydroxyapatite increased solubility in vitro and resorption in vivo. The obtained results confirm the possibility of changing the solubility of a final product in the Ca3(PO4)2/CaCO3/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O/Na2HPO4·12H2O system by changing the ratio of the initial components.
{"title":"Carbonate-Hydroxyapatite Cement: The Effect of Composition on Solubility In Vitro and Resorption In Vivo","authors":"Yu. S. Lukina, L. Bionyshev-Abramov, S. Kotov, Natalya Serejnikova, D. Smolentsev, S. Sivkov","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030086","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of resorption of calcium phosphate self-hardening materials for bone regeneration can be changed by changing the phase composition. The Ca3(PO4)2/CaCO3/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O/Na2HPO4·12H2O system is important for the synthesis of self-curing bioactive materials with variable resorption rates by changing the ratios of the initial components. Cement compositions in twelve figurative points of a four-component composition diagram at a fixed content in the α-Ca3(PO4)2 system were studied with XRD, FTIR, SEM, calorimetric, and volumetric methods to obtain an idea of the effect of composition on solubility in vitro and resorption in vivo. It was found that the presence of the highly resorbable phase of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in cement and the substitution of phosphate ions with the carbonate ions of hydroxyapatite increased solubility in vitro and resorption in vivo. The obtained results confirm the possibility of changing the solubility of a final product in the Ca3(PO4)2/CaCO3/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O/Na2HPO4·12H2O system by changing the ratio of the initial components.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Malbakhova, A. Bagishev, A. Vorobyev, T. Borisenko, O. Logutenko, E. Lapushkina, A. Titkov
A NiO-10YSZ/10YSZ half-cell for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was fabricated using 3D inkjet printing and layer-by-layer laser treatment of printing compositions followed by thermal sintering by a co-firing method. The optimal granulometric composition and rheological characteristics of the printing compositions to fabricate the NiO-10YSZ (60:40 wt.%) anode support, NiO-10YSZ (40:60 wt.%) anode functional layer (AFL), and 10YSZ electrolyte were determined. Effects of the pore former and laser post-treatment on the morphology of the as-prepared anodes for the manufacture of SOFC anode supports were studied, and the optimum laser exposure for hybrid 3D printing was determined. A mechanism of influence of the exposure of laser post-treatment on the morphology of the NiO-10YSZ anode supports has been proposed. The mass content of 10YSZ and the number of layers were shown to affect the surface microstructure and the thickness of the thin-film electrolytes deposited on the surface of the anode supports. The hybrid inkjet 3D printing offers great opportunities as it allows a one-pot procedure to fabricate a NiO-10YSZ/10YSZ SOFC half-cell for SOFC anode supports.
{"title":"An Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Half-Cell Fabricated by Hybrid 3D Inkjet Printing and Laser Treatment","authors":"I. Malbakhova, A. Bagishev, A. Vorobyev, T. Borisenko, O. Logutenko, E. Lapushkina, A. Titkov","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030085","url":null,"abstract":"A NiO-10YSZ/10YSZ half-cell for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was fabricated using 3D inkjet printing and layer-by-layer laser treatment of printing compositions followed by thermal sintering by a co-firing method. The optimal granulometric composition and rheological characteristics of the printing compositions to fabricate the NiO-10YSZ (60:40 wt.%) anode support, NiO-10YSZ (40:60 wt.%) anode functional layer (AFL), and 10YSZ electrolyte were determined. Effects of the pore former and laser post-treatment on the morphology of the as-prepared anodes for the manufacture of SOFC anode supports were studied, and the optimum laser exposure for hybrid 3D printing was determined. A mechanism of influence of the exposure of laser post-treatment on the morphology of the NiO-10YSZ anode supports has been proposed. The mass content of 10YSZ and the number of layers were shown to affect the surface microstructure and the thickness of the thin-film electrolytes deposited on the surface of the anode supports. The hybrid inkjet 3D printing offers great opportunities as it allows a one-pot procedure to fabricate a NiO-10YSZ/10YSZ SOFC half-cell for SOFC anode supports.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This exploratory study examines the potential of combining clay and natural fiber material in liquid deposition modeling (LDM) to enhance the structural integrity of the soft-bodied print during the additive manufacturing (AM) process. For this purpose, a custom extruder module and a support structure have been developed as novel additions to the delta 3D printer that allows for automated fiber thread insertion into the deposit clay body and stabilize the 3D print during drying. This study explores material compatibility and durability in the liquid state and the material strength of the sintered ceramic body after pyrolysis of the natural fibers. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of an automated process for thread insertion and tensioning control to stabilize and control the 3D print until drying and showcase the versatile design possibilities of this method. The study may serve as a baseline for future research on fiber-reinforced clay printing in the construction industry and related disciplines.
{"title":"Fiber-Reinforced Clay: An Exploratory Study on Automated Thread Insertion for Enhanced Structural Integrity in LDM","authors":"H. Yang, Christina Klug, Thomas H. Schmitz","doi":"10.3390/ceramics6030084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030084","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study examines the potential of combining clay and natural fiber material in liquid deposition modeling (LDM) to enhance the structural integrity of the soft-bodied print during the additive manufacturing (AM) process. For this purpose, a custom extruder module and a support structure have been developed as novel additions to the delta 3D printer that allows for automated fiber thread insertion into the deposit clay body and stabilize the 3D print during drying. This study explores material compatibility and durability in the liquid state and the material strength of the sintered ceramic body after pyrolysis of the natural fibers. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of an automated process for thread insertion and tensioning control to stabilize and control the 3D print until drying and showcase the versatile design possibilities of this method. The study may serve as a baseline for future research on fiber-reinforced clay printing in the construction industry and related disciplines.","PeriodicalId":33263,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics-Switzerland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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