Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-45-58
Yevhen Kolesnichenko
Since the beginning of the XXI century, the amount of available for the researchers numismatic material has increased significantly, so introducing a new types of coins into the scientific circulation has become an especially relevant in modern numismatics, even when the archaeological context of most of these finds is almost lost. The study of ancient numismatics of Olbia is rapidly gaining in modern Ukraine. At the beginning of the XX century, ancient numismatics already had some significant achievements, but the accumulated material required urgent cataloging and systematization. During last 10 years since the publication of the most important and thorough catalog of ancient coins by Vladlen Opanasovich Anokhin, as well as the results of cataloging Olbia coins by other researchers - Valery Nechitaylo and Grigory Makandarov, numismatics has been enriched by new previously unknown coin types. The aim of the study. The main purpose of the article is to introduce into the scientific circulation new varieties of Olbia coins and to compile the most complete classification of Olbia coins of the IV century BC. Research methodology. In the process of scientific elaboration of the topic general scientific methods were used: analytical, chronological, and topographical, as well as source methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. A systematic approach to the processing of modern finds from private collections and access to the collections of foreign museums was the impetus for writing an expanded classification work. The scientific novelty. The value of the processed materials is that they not only complement this group of coins, but also refine previously published types in unsatisfactory condition, where incorrect reading of the names and trinkets has led to inaccuracies. The Conclusions. The so-called «obol series» covers the period of the Olbia minting around 350-330 BC. The monetary system consists of four denominations: obol (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), dikhalk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), hulk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the ear, dolphin) and hemihalk (depicts Demeter and dolphin). The die analysis allowed to divide the coins of Olbia of the IV century BC senior denomination for two stylistic groups. According to the results of our own research, we were able to determine the following number of varieties of each of these denominations: obols – 24 types, dikhalks - 6 types, hulks - 6 types, hemihalks - 2 types. We see the prospect of further research in the introduction into scientific circulation of new previously undiscovered varieties of Olbian coins from little-studied sources - materials of museum collections in Ukraine and abroad, among numismatic rarities sold at numismatic auctions and private collections.
{"title":"CLASSIFICATION OF THE OLBIAN COINS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 4TH CENTURY BC.","authors":"Yevhen Kolesnichenko","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-45-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-45-58","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the XXI century, the amount of available for the researchers numismatic material has increased significantly, so introducing a new types of coins into the scientific circulation has become an especially relevant in modern numismatics, even when the archaeological context of most of these finds is almost lost. The study of ancient numismatics of Olbia is rapidly gaining in modern Ukraine. At the beginning of the XX century, ancient numismatics already had some significant achievements, but the accumulated material required urgent cataloging and systematization. During last 10 years since the publication of the most important and thorough catalog of ancient coins by Vladlen Opanasovich Anokhin, as well as the results of cataloging Olbia coins by other researchers - Valery Nechitaylo and Grigory Makandarov, numismatics has been enriched by new previously unknown coin types. \u0000The aim of the study. The main purpose of the article is to introduce into the scientific circulation new varieties of Olbia coins and to compile the most complete classification of Olbia coins of the IV century BC. Research methodology. In the process of scientific elaboration of the topic general scientific methods were used: analytical, chronological, and topographical, as well as source methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. A systematic approach to the processing of modern finds from private collections and access to the collections of foreign museums was the impetus for writing an expanded classification work. The scientific novelty. The value of the processed materials is that they not only complement this group of coins, but also refine previously published types in unsatisfactory condition, where incorrect reading of the names and trinkets has led to inaccuracies. \u0000The Conclusions. The so-called «obol series» covers the period of the Olbia minting around 350-330 BC. The monetary system consists of four denominations: obol (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), dikhalk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), hulk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the ear, dolphin) and hemihalk (depicts Demeter and dolphin). The die analysis allowed to divide the coins of Olbia of the IV century BC senior denomination for two stylistic groups. According to the results of our own research, we were able to determine the following number of varieties of each of these denominations: obols – 24 types, dikhalks - 6 types, hulks - 6 types, hemihalks - 2 types. \u0000We see the prospect of further research in the introduction into scientific circulation of new previously undiscovered varieties of Olbian coins from little-studied sources - materials of museum collections in Ukraine and abroad, among numismatic rarities sold at numismatic auctions and private collections.","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44372308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-281-298
Oleksandr Potyl’chak, V. Herasymenko
The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the formation, development and current state of research in Czech numismatics of the XIX - early XXI centuries in the context of coinage, penetration and use of Prague groschen as a means of payment in Central and Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. The research methodology is outlined by the principles of scientificity, historicism, objectivity, and the main methods used in the study were historiographic analysis and historiographic synthesis, as well as general scientific methods of generalization and systematization. The scientific novelty is determined by the attempt to comprehensively analyze and generalize the historiographical achievements of Czech numismatics in the context of the problem of the participation of Prague money in the circulation of Central and Eastern Europe in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The process of formation, development and current state of Czech and Slovak numismatics in the study of chronology and geography of Grossi pragenses penetration into the coin markets of Central and Eastern Europe in the XIV-XV centuries are considered. The authors have singled out periodization of the historiographical process of numismatic research of the outlined problem is formulated and substantiated, the range of issues that need further study and scientific interpretation. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical work outlined in the topic of the article allows distinguishing three consecutive periods of numismatic research on the issue of minting and circulation of Prague groschen. The first period of Czech and Slovak historiography of the problem covers the 80's of the XIX - 30's of the XX century. Beginning with sporadic attempts to describe and register the known types of Prague groschen minted by Czech kings from Wenceslas II (1278-1305) to Ferdinand I (1526-1562). At the beginning of the twentieth century, these studies grew into purposeful scientific cataloguing, study, and systematization of metrological indicators of coins, details of their images, legends, and countermarks. Special studies of the preconditions for the preparation and conduct of the monetary reform of Wenceslas II, the rate of coins minted by him, and the peculiarities of the issuance policy of this monarch were begun. At the same time, a description of the stamp versions of Vladislav II's money (1471-1516) was initiated. However, the technical imperfection of the equipment for visual inspection and photo-fixation of numismatic material at that time often caused incomplete or inaccurate data. The second period of numismatic research on our topic covered the 1950s - early 1990s. At this time there is not only an expansion of the study of the history of minting and circulation of Prague groschen but also qualitative changes in the methodology of numismatic research. The stamp varieties and chronology of the issue of Prague groschen, including those minted dur
{"title":"PRAGUE GROSCHEN IN THE RESEARCH OF CZECH NUMISMATICS","authors":"Oleksandr Potyl’chak, V. Herasymenko","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-281-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-281-298","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the formation, development and current state of research in Czech numismatics of the XIX - early XXI centuries in the context of coinage, penetration and use of Prague groschen as a means of payment in Central and Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. The research methodology is outlined by the principles of scientificity, historicism, objectivity, and the main methods used in the study were historiographic analysis and historiographic synthesis, as well as general scientific methods of generalization and systematization. The scientific novelty is determined by the attempt to comprehensively analyze and generalize the historiographical achievements of Czech numismatics in the context of the problem of the participation of Prague money in the circulation of Central and Eastern Europe in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The process of formation, development and current state of Czech and Slovak numismatics in the study of chronology and geography of Grossi pragenses penetration into the coin markets of Central and Eastern Europe in the XIV-XV centuries are considered. The authors have singled out periodization of the historiographical process of numismatic research of the outlined problem is formulated and substantiated, the range of issues that need further study and scientific interpretation. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical work outlined in the topic of the article allows distinguishing three consecutive periods of numismatic research on the issue of minting and circulation of Prague groschen. The first period of Czech and Slovak historiography of the problem covers the 80's of the XIX - 30's of the XX century. Beginning with sporadic attempts to describe and register the known types of Prague groschen minted by Czech kings from Wenceslas II (1278-1305) to Ferdinand I (1526-1562). At the beginning of the twentieth century, these studies grew into purposeful scientific cataloguing, study, and systematization of metrological indicators of coins, details of their images, legends, and countermarks. Special studies of the preconditions for the preparation and conduct of the monetary reform of Wenceslas II, the rate of coins minted by him, and the peculiarities of the issuance policy of this monarch were begun. At the same time, a description of the stamp versions of Vladislav II's money (1471-1516) was initiated. However, the technical imperfection of the equipment for visual inspection and photo-fixation of numismatic material at that time often caused incomplete or inaccurate data. The second period of numismatic research on our topic covered the 1950s - early 1990s. At this time there is not only an expansion of the study of the history of minting and circulation of Prague groschen but also qualitative changes in the methodology of numismatic research. The stamp varieties and chronology of the issue of Prague groschen, including those minted dur","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-188-196
Dochka Vladimirova-Aladzhova
The paper examines a seal of Emperor Justin I (518-527). It has the following description: Obverse: Beardless bust with a nimbus of Emperor Justin I, opposite, with a helmet and chlamys. Around the image an inscription in clockwise direction: N IVSТI NVSPPAVG = D(ominus) n(oster Justinus p(er)petus Aug(ustus) Reverse: Victoria standing across with a wreath in each hand, in the bottom left field a small So far there is not known bulla of this ruler from Bulgaria and because of that some questions arise when identifying the specimen from Serdica. The inscription on the newly discovered seal showed that the bulla belonged to Justin, but it is not clear if it is Justin I (518-527) or Justin II (565-578). The image on the obverse differs from the known images of Justin I and Justin II. It is smaller and occupies part of the nucleus, while in the published so far the size of the bullotirium is larger than the nucleus itself. The inscription of the copy from Serdica is clearly legible, but the letters and the image are small, which distinguishes this seal from the known so far. The difference is obvious also in the reverse, in which Victoria does not follow the model of the image from the molybdenums of Justinian I and Justin II, but her image is close to that of the seals of Anastasius I, and even could be said that it completely copies it. The characteristics of the seal, its inscription and images are different from the ones of the copies of Justin II, which is a serious reason to attribute it to the time of Emperor Justin I, which makes it currently unique of this type. Other evidence of life in Serdica from the time of Emperor Justin I (518 - 527) are the coins discovered. In Serdica the most numerous are the coins of 40 nummi, followed by those of 20 nummi, which are almost two times less than the large denomination. The number of the specimens of 10 and 5 nummi is equal, but is less than the number of the large denominations. As mints, the coins from Constantinople predominated, followed by coins from Nicomedia, Antioch and Cyzicus. Among the regular coins were found two imitations of folles of Justin I, which imitate the production of the mint of Constantinople from this period. These coins, found together with the official ones used in the Byzantine state, show that they were accepted by the financial authorities as a regular payment tool. Two gold coins of Justin I are discovered in Serdica I - a solidus found at the eastern fortress wall and a tremis from the excavations at the northeastern tower. The new seal of Emperor Justin I presented in the article and the coins discovered by this ruler in Serdica show the significant role of the city during this period.
{"title":"UNKNOWN SEAL OF EMPEROR JUSTIN I (518-527) FROM SERDICA","authors":"Dochka Vladimirova-Aladzhova","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-188-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-188-196","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines a seal of Emperor Justin I (518-527). It has the following description: \u0000Obverse: Beardless bust with a nimbus of Emperor Justin I, opposite, with a helmet and chlamys. Around the image an inscription in clockwise direction: \u0000N IVSТI NVSPPAVG = D(ominus) n(oster Justinus p(er)petus Aug(ustus) \u0000Reverse: Victoria standing across with a wreath in each hand, in the bottom left field a small So far there is not known bulla of this ruler from Bulgaria and because of that some questions arise when identifying the specimen from Serdica. The inscription on the newly discovered seal showed that the bulla belonged to Justin, but it is not clear if it is Justin I (518-527) or Justin II (565-578). The image on the obverse differs from the known images of Justin I and Justin II. It is smaller and occupies part of the nucleus, while in the published so far the size of the bullotirium is larger than the nucleus itself. The inscription of the copy from Serdica is clearly legible, but the letters and the image are small, which distinguishes this seal from the known so far. The difference is obvious also in the reverse, in which Victoria does not follow the model of the image from the molybdenums of Justinian I and Justin II, but her image is close to that of the seals of Anastasius I, and even could be said that it completely copies it. The characteristics of the seal, its inscription and images are different from the ones of the copies of Justin II, which is a serious reason to attribute it to the time of Emperor Justin I, which makes it currently unique of this type. \u0000Other evidence of life in Serdica from the time of Emperor Justin I (518 - 527) are the coins discovered. In Serdica the most numerous are the coins of 40 nummi, followed by those of 20 nummi, which are almost two times less than the large denomination. The number of the specimens of 10 and 5 nummi is equal, but is less than the number of the large denominations. As mints, the coins from Constantinople predominated, followed by coins from Nicomedia, Antioch and Cyzicus. Among the regular coins were found two imitations of folles of Justin I, which imitate the production of the mint of Constantinople from this period. These coins, found together with the official ones used in the Byzantine state, show that they were accepted by the financial authorities as a regular payment tool. Two gold coins of Justin I are discovered in Serdica I - a solidus found at the eastern fortress wall and a tremis from the excavations at the northeastern tower. \u0000The new seal of Emperor Justin I presented in the article and the coins discovered by this ruler in Serdica show the significant role of the city during this period.","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-59-80
Mykola Nikolaev
The problem of the chronology of the Olbian «Borysthenes» still remains unsolved. To the greatest extent this applies to the date of the cessation of minting of these coins. Analysis of recent research and publications. Thus, according to A. N. Zograf, the last four lightweight groups of «Borysthenes» were minted in the 230 and 220 BC P. O. Karyshkovsky first attributed the completion of the minting of these coins to the 250 BC, later - until 240-230 BC. According to V. A. Anokhin, the minting of «Borysthenes» was completed in 280 BC. E. Ya. Turovsky attributes this event to 270 BC. e., and V. F. Stolba - until 275 BC. Our prosopographic study of differents of the «Borysthenes» of all groups (ie their interpretation by the names of real historical figures on the basis of a synchronized eponymous catalog), confirmed the previously proposed chronology and allowed to obtain a scheme that coincides with the scheme of P. O. Karyshkovsky on the first groups, and according to A. N. Zograf - in the chronology of the last four groups. According to our study, the minting of «Borysthenes» took place from 331-330 BC for at least 110 years with significant breaks; the completion of their issue dates back to 220-218 BC, or even to 217-216 BC. In general, the proposed model, both in terms of chronology and prosopography of coin magistrates, is a result of our basic research platform - synchronized eponymous catalog IPE I2 201 - and is a single interdependent system with lapidary inscriptions, graffiti, legends of agoranoms weights and ceramic inscriptions, magic lists, coin legends, etc. At the same time, the treasures of the «Borysthenes» (which contain, in particular, coins of the later groups) have been published to date, connected with the collapse of the Olbia Chora, and their publishers date no later than 250-240 BC, or even 280 – 275 BC. In other cases, the dating of the treasures is tied to supposedly synchronous (300-275 BC) Pantikapaion coins, which are present together with «Borysthenes». Thus, significant chronological discrepancies were found between the dating of the «Borysthenes» treasures, which have been published in recent years, and the chronological model of minting we have built, which is part of a single chronological and prosopographic system of Olbia IV-I centuries BC. Accordingly, our proposed chronological model requires additional historical justification. The purpose of the paper is to study the chronology and historical circumstances of the collapse of the Right Bank Chora of Olbia in the III century BC, accompanied by a mass burying of the treasures of «Borysthenes». Research methodology – typical scientific methods in combination with the author’s own scientific work by synchronization of the eponyms catalogue IPE I2 201 (calendar) and Olbia’s prosopography, also, comparative paleography. Scientific novelty. On the basis of prosopography and comparative paleography, for the first time, a precision date of issuance of the IPE I2 3
奥尔比安“鲍里斯提尼”的年代问题仍然没有解决。这在最大程度上适用于停止铸造这些硬币的日期。分析最近的研究和出版物。因此，根据A. N. Zograf的说法，最后四组轻量级的“鲍里斯提尼”是在公元前230年和220年铸造的，P. O. Karyshkovsky首先将这些硬币的铸造完成归因于公元前250年，后来-直到公元前240-230年。根据V. A. Anokhin的说法，“Borysthenes”的铸造完成于公元前280年。大肠丫。图洛夫斯基认为这件事发生在公元前270年。和斯托尔巴——直到公元前275年。我们对所有群体中不同的“鲍里斯提尼”的外形研究(即根据同步同名目录的真实历史人物的名字进行解释)，证实了先前提出的年表，并允许获得与P. O. Karyshkovsky在第一个群体中的方案相一致的方案，并根据a . N. Zograf -在最后四个群体的年表中。根据我们的研究，“鲍里斯提尼”的铸造发生在公元前331-330年间，至少持续了110年，其间有明显的中断;它们的发行完成可以追溯到公元前220-218年，甚至公元前217-216年。总的来说，所提出的模型，无论是在钱币地方官的年表方面，还是在钱币地方官的方位学方面，都是我们的基础研究平台——同步同名目录IPE i2201——的结果，并且是一个单一的相互依存的系统，其中包括石刻铭文、涂鸦、agoranoms重量传说和陶瓷铭文、魔法清单、钱币传说等。与此同时，“博利斯提尼”的宝藏(特别是包含后来群体的硬币)已经出版至今，与奥尔比亚乔拉的崩溃有关，他们的出版商日期不迟于公元前250-240年，甚至公元前280 - 275年。在其他情况下，这些宝藏的年代与可能同步(公元前300-275年)的Pantikapaion硬币有关，这些硬币与“Borysthenes”一起出现。因此，在近年来出版的“鲍里斯提尼”宝藏的年代与我们建立的铸造时间模型之间发现了重大的时间差异，这是公元前4 - 1世纪奥尔比亚单一时间和结构系统的一部分。因此，我们提出的时间顺序模型需要额外的历史依据。本文的目的是研究公元前三世纪奥尔比亚右岸乔拉崩溃的年表和历史环境，伴随着“鲍里斯提尼”宝藏的大规模埋葬。研究方法-典型的科学方法结合作者自己的科学工作，通过同步命名目录IPE i2201(日历)和Olbia的人物学，也比较古文献学。科学的新奇。在形体学和比较古文献学的基础上，首次提出了纪念原基因的IPE i232法令颁布的精确日期(最多可达几年)。由于斯基罗斯和加拉太人的入侵，奥尔比亚右岸乔拉崩溃的日期已经得到澄清，同时还埋葬了“鲍里斯提尼”的宝藏。我们在同名目录IPE i2201同步的基础上，通过对它们的差异进行研究，提出了2014-2020年铸造«Borysthenes»的年表，已经得到确认。结论:1。传统的日期在科学上占主导地位，奥尔比亚右岸的崩溃(公元前三世纪第三季度中期-开始)由V.V. Ruban根据P. O. Karishkovsky(1968年)的“Borysthenes”铸造的时间顺序计划建立。与此同时，除了P. O. Karyshkovsky的铸造“Borysthenes”的年表外，没有其他时间指标表明公元前三世纪中叶奥尔比安Chora的崩溃。著名学者将右岸乔拉的灭亡与西克罗斯和加拉太人的入侵联系在一起，这是在纪念Protogenes的法令IPE i232中提到的。即使在V.V. Latyshev时代，人们也知道，这条法令绝对是Cleombrot Pantaklus的城墙建筑铭文IPE i2180的古摹本。根据同名目录IPE i2201的同步，Cleombrot Pantaclus在公元前222年进行了同名。因此，在公元前222年左右，为纪念Protogenes而颁布的法令和Cleombrot Pantaclus的城墙建筑铭文的年代。两座纪念碑都描述了几年后发生的塞古罗斯-加拉太人入侵的威胁(Cleombrot Pantaklus的铭文IPE i2180 -间接)。我们提出的停止“鲍里斯提尼”铸造的日期(公元前220-218年，甚至公元前217-216年)分别比斯克罗斯-加拉太入侵早几年，在“鲍里斯提尼”的宝藏中有硬币和最后一批。 我们的主要结论是，奥尔比亚右岸Chora的崩溃和“Borysthenes”宝藏的囤积(包括后一组)是由威胁引起的，在纪念Protogenes的法令中提到，这发生在三世纪倒数第二个十年的中期。公元前(不是公元前三世纪中叶!)入侵塞古罗-加拉太人。主要由第一组的“鲍里斯提尼”形成的宝藏的存在，证实了第一组和第二组铸造的时间顺序中断的存在。4. 四世纪晚期银制定子的出现。公元前作为“鲍里斯提尼”宝藏的一部分并不是一个时间顺序的指标，而只是它们流通的证据，直到公元前三世纪的倒数第二个十年，(由P.O. Karishkovsky相信)。5. 在“博利斯尼”的一些宝藏中，出现了公元前四世纪末-公元前三世纪前四分之一的潘提卡帕翁硬币，这并不是一个时间顺序的指标。这些硬币至少流通了250年，直到尤普托的米特拉达梯六世时代。在一个定居点的领土或地区发现的“鲍里斯提尼”宝藏，并不是明确的证据，表明他们的囤积日期是在这个定居点崩溃的日期。特别是藏在十字路口(卡普利夫卡，鲁斯卡科萨)附近的“鲍里斯特尼”宝藏，可以追溯到公元前215年(根据出版商的说法，不是公元前275年)。7. 与最后一批的“鲍里斯提尼”的新状态相比，早期群体在宝藏中增加了硬币的磨损(例如，参见卡普利夫卡，鲁斯卡科萨的宝藏)，证明了“鲍里斯提尼”发行过程的持续时间。
{"title":"THE BURYING OF TREASURES OF «BORYSTHENES» ON THE TERRITORY OF THE OLBIAN CHORA: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT","authors":"Mykola Nikolaev","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-59-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-59-80","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the chronology of the Olbian «Borysthenes» still remains unsolved. To the greatest extent this applies to the date of the cessation of minting of these coins. Analysis of recent research and publications. Thus, according to A. N. Zograf, the last four lightweight groups of «Borysthenes» were minted in the 230 and 220 BC P. O. Karyshkovsky first attributed the completion of the minting of these coins to the 250 BC, later - until 240-230 BC. According to V. A. Anokhin, the minting of «Borysthenes» was completed in 280 BC. E. Ya. Turovsky attributes this event to 270 BC. e., and V. F. Stolba - until 275 BC. Our prosopographic study of differents of the «Borysthenes» of all groups (ie their interpretation by the names of real historical figures on the basis of a synchronized eponymous catalog), confirmed the previously proposed chronology and allowed to obtain a scheme that coincides with the scheme of P. O. Karyshkovsky on the first groups, and according to A. N. Zograf - in the chronology of the last four groups. According to our study, the minting of «Borysthenes» took place from 331-330 BC for at least 110 years with significant breaks; the completion of their issue dates back to 220-218 BC, or even to 217-216 BC. In general, the proposed model, both in terms of chronology and prosopography of coin magistrates, is a result of our basic research platform - synchronized eponymous catalog IPE I2 201 - and is a single interdependent system with lapidary inscriptions, graffiti, legends of agoranoms weights and ceramic inscriptions, magic lists, coin legends, etc. \u0000At the same time, the treasures of the «Borysthenes» (which contain, in particular, coins of the later groups) have been published to date, connected with the collapse of the Olbia Chora, and their publishers date no later than 250-240 BC, or even 280 – 275 BC. In other cases, the dating of the treasures is tied to supposedly synchronous (300-275 BC) Pantikapaion coins, which are present together with «Borysthenes». Thus, significant chronological discrepancies were found between the dating of the «Borysthenes» treasures, which have been published in recent years, and the chronological model of minting we have built, which is part of a single chronological and prosopographic system of Olbia IV-I centuries BC. Accordingly, our proposed chronological model requires additional historical justification. The purpose of the paper is to study the chronology and historical circumstances of the collapse of the Right Bank Chora of Olbia in the III century BC, accompanied by a mass burying of the treasures of «Borysthenes». Research methodology – typical scientific methods in combination with the author’s own scientific work by synchronization of the eponyms catalogue IPE I2 201 (calendar) and Olbia’s prosopography, also, comparative paleography. Scientific novelty. On the basis of prosopography and comparative paleography, for the first time, a precision date of issuance of the IPE I2 3","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44667797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-148-173
Oleksandr Nadvirniak, O. Pogorilets
In autumn 2009, 33 whole and 3 fragmented аntoniniani were discovered and collected within the object of the Late Roman Age - Pereginka (Balakiri)2. According to available information, mostly the coins were concentrated in a limited area with sides of about 15 by 10 meters, and only a few ones were spread by plowing equipment at a distance of up to 30 meters. The distribution of coins and the general state of preservation suggests the collected аntoniniani may have been a part of the deposit, which lay at a depth of 25-40 cm, and was made on the day surface due to the use of more powerful attachments that is used in recent years in the cultivation of agricultural land. In the following years, another five whole and three fragmented аntoniniani were found. The total number of discovered coins is 44 copies. Chronologically, the complex is determined by the lower date – 238 A.D. – the issues of Gordian III: «IOVI CONCERVATORI» and «PROVIDENTIA AVG»; and the upper – 251-253 A.D. – the issues of Trebonianus Gallus «PIETAS AVGG» and Voluzian «PAX AVGG». The chronological framework of the complex's emissions is a relatively short period – about 15 years. The complex became the first fixed and attributed deposit of аntoniniani in the forest-steppe zone of South-Eastern Europe and it is extremely important for understanding the processes of formation of Chernyakhiv culture, as well as, further analysis and development of socio-economic relations of the Roman Empire and «Barbarian» communities in the east of the Danube Limes line. At the same time, the limited source base makes no sense to draw any conclusions about the ethnicity or social status of the deposit holder, as well as about possible ways of entering аntoniniani from the complex Perehinka (Balakiri) 2 on the territory of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. To receive conditions close to reality it is possible under the condition of detectiono of the closed complex (or its additional inspection) at carrying out full-fledged archeological researches of the given object. Undoubtedly, one can declare working hypotheses: the аntoniniani came here as prey captured by the «barbarians» during the fighting of 247-251 A.D.; or as a part of the ransom payments promised by Trebonianus Gallus to the «barbaric» tribal or military elite. It can be assumed that the аntoniniani belonged to one of the soldiers of the legions stationed in Moesia, who rebelled and joined the coalition of «barbarian» tribes during the «Scythian» wars, we can appeal to the testimony of Zosimus (Zos., I, 28) about a successful campaign of the Roman units in 253 A.D. those were led by Aemilian, during which not only the detachments of «barbarians» led by Kniva were defeated, but also a successful raid was carried out in their land. It is possible to consider assumptions that the complex could be a part of monetary maintenance of the serviceman or the veteran of regular or federal divisions… But – concerning each of the above-stated hypo
{"title":"HOARD OF ANTONINIANI FROM THE SOUTHERN POBUZHIA","authors":"Oleksandr Nadvirniak, O. Pogorilets","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-148-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-148-173","url":null,"abstract":"In autumn 2009, 33 whole and 3 fragmented аntoniniani were discovered and collected within the object of the Late Roman Age - Pereginka (Balakiri)2. \u0000According to available information, mostly the coins were concentrated in a limited area with sides of about 15 by 10 meters, and only a few ones were spread by plowing equipment at a distance of up to 30 meters. The distribution of coins and the general state of preservation suggests the collected аntoniniani may have been a part of the deposit, which lay at a depth of 25-40 cm, and was made on the day surface due to the use of more powerful attachments that is used in recent years in the cultivation of agricultural land. \u0000In the following years, another five whole and three fragmented аntoniniani were found. The total number of discovered coins is 44 copies. \u0000Chronologically, the complex is determined by the lower date – 238 A.D. – the issues of Gordian III: «IOVI CONCERVATORI» and «PROVIDENTIA AVG»; and the upper – 251-253 A.D. – the issues of Trebonianus Gallus «PIETAS AVGG» and Voluzian «PAX AVGG». The chronological framework of the complex's emissions is a relatively short period – about 15 years. \u0000The complex became the first fixed and attributed deposit of аntoniniani in the forest-steppe zone of South-Eastern Europe and it is extremely important for understanding the processes of formation of Chernyakhiv culture, as well as, further analysis and development of socio-economic relations of the Roman Empire and «Barbarian» communities in the east of the Danube Limes line. \u0000At the same time, the limited source base makes no sense to draw any conclusions about the ethnicity or social status of the deposit holder, as well as about possible ways of entering аntoniniani from the complex Perehinka (Balakiri) 2 on the territory of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. To receive conditions close to reality it is possible under the condition of detectiono of the closed complex (or its additional inspection) at carrying out full-fledged archeological researches of the given object. \u0000Undoubtedly, one can declare working hypotheses: the аntoniniani came here as prey captured by the «barbarians» during the fighting of 247-251 A.D.; or as a part of the ransom payments promised by Trebonianus Gallus to the «barbaric» tribal or military elite. It can be assumed that the аntoniniani belonged to one of the soldiers of the legions stationed in Moesia, who rebelled and joined the coalition of «barbarian» tribes during the «Scythian» wars, we can appeal to the testimony of Zosimus (Zos., I, 28) about a successful campaign of the Roman units in 253 A.D. those were led by Aemilian, during which not only the detachments of «barbarians» led by Kniva were defeated, but also a successful raid was carried out in their land. It is possible to consider assumptions that the complex could be a part of monetary maintenance of the serviceman or the veteran of regular or federal divisions… But – concerning each of the above-stated hypo","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46492634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-269-280
Andrіi Kryzhanivsky
The article discuss two new finds in the Lviv region of coins of the Podillia principality, minted on behalf of Prince Konstantin Koriatyvych. One Podillia half-grosz was found in the Busk district near the Poltva river, and the second coin was accidentally found in the Zolochiv district of the Lviv region. It is noteworthy that these two districts are neighboring and during the existence of these coins formed the border between Galicia and Podillia. The most probable reason for the discovery of these coins in this area can be explained by the desire of Podillia merchants to sell their goods on the border with the Galicia-Volyn state, because to take them to Lviv through the warehouse right granted to the city was unprofitable. It is known that the main powerful direction of trade in Lviv was the Crimea, trade was carried out through the shopping centers of Podillia. This route of movement of the goods of Lviv merchants is confirmed by the findings of Lviv coins, distributed along the trade routes from Lviv to Moldavia and Kafa. Exotic goods from distant Venice, Persia, China and Alexandria came to Lviv via Kafa, Sudak and Belgorod. Further movement of goods took place to Krakow, Gdansk, Prague and Regensburg. Among the coin finds in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions – minted in Lviv, Prague and Polish coins predominate. There are no common treasures of Lviv coins with the Golden Horde coins. In Ivano-Frankivsk region, together with Lviv, Moldovan money was hidden, and in Ternopil region – the so-called «Kyiv imitations» and Podillia coins. In the Chernivtsi region, along with Lviv and Prague coins, Golden Horde dirhams and Moldavian coins were found. Among the Moldavian – coins of the Stephen the Great, which confirms the existence of a trade route from Lviv to the Crimea through the Moldavian lands, starting from the last decades of the XIV century. In Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia oblasts, finds with Lviv coins show an impressive presence of coins of different monetary systems. Podillia became an important international exchange of goods, which is reflected in the deposition of coins in treasures. In Ternopil, Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia oblasts, 2,594 Lviv coins accounted for 1,650 coins of Casimir III, Wladyslaw of Opole and Louis of Hungary (from 1350-1380) and 944 coins and half-groszes of Władysław Jagiello, minted in Lviv during 1387-1412. The predominance of coins of Casimir III, Wladyslaw of Opole and Louis of Hungary fits into the assertion that in their time trade routes to the Crimea via Podillia were the main ones. Among the 263 Lviv coins of the 14th century found in the Cherkasy region, only three coins with the name of Wladyslav Jagiello, that is, in the last decades of the 14th century. Lviv merchants hardly reached the Dnieper. They stopped in Podolia, where they bought all the necessary oriental goods. Finds of Lviv silver coins allow us to establish that since the end of the 1380s Podillia lands have been in the center o
{"title":"TWO FINDS OF THE PODILLIA HALF-GROSZES IN LVIV REGION","authors":"Andrіi Kryzhanivsky","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-269-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-269-280","url":null,"abstract":"The article discuss two new finds in the Lviv region of coins of the Podillia principality, minted on behalf of Prince Konstantin Koriatyvych. One Podillia half-grosz was found in the Busk district near the Poltva river, and the second coin was accidentally found in the Zolochiv district of the Lviv region. It is noteworthy that these two districts are neighboring and during the existence of these coins formed the border between Galicia and Podillia. The most probable reason for the discovery of these coins in this area can be explained by the desire of Podillia merchants to sell their goods on the border with the Galicia-Volyn state, because to take them to Lviv through the warehouse right granted to the city was unprofitable. It is known that the main powerful direction of trade in Lviv was the Crimea, trade was carried out through the shopping centers of Podillia. This route of movement of the goods of Lviv merchants is confirmed by the findings of Lviv coins, distributed along the trade routes from Lviv to Moldavia and Kafa. Exotic goods from distant Venice, Persia, China and Alexandria came to Lviv via Kafa, Sudak and Belgorod. Further movement of goods took place to Krakow, Gdansk, Prague and Regensburg. \u0000Among the coin finds in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions – minted in Lviv, Prague and Polish coins predominate. There are no common treasures of Lviv coins with the Golden Horde coins. In Ivano-Frankivsk region, together with Lviv, Moldovan money was hidden, and in Ternopil region – the so-called «Kyiv imitations» and Podillia coins. In the Chernivtsi region, along with Lviv and Prague coins, Golden Horde dirhams and Moldavian coins were found. Among the Moldavian – coins of the Stephen the Great, which confirms the existence of a trade route from Lviv to the Crimea through the Moldavian lands, starting from the last decades of the XIV century. In Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia oblasts, finds with Lviv coins show an impressive presence of coins of different monetary systems. Podillia became an important international exchange of goods, which is reflected in the deposition of coins in treasures. In Ternopil, Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia oblasts, 2,594 Lviv coins accounted for 1,650 coins of Casimir III, Wladyslaw of Opole and Louis of Hungary (from 1350-1380) and 944 coins and half-groszes of Władysław Jagiello, minted in Lviv during 1387-1412. The predominance of coins of Casimir III, Wladyslaw of Opole and Louis of Hungary fits into the assertion that in their time trade routes to the Crimea via Podillia were the main ones. Among the 263 Lviv coins of the 14th century found in the Cherkasy region, only three coins with the name of Wladyslav Jagiello, that is, in the last decades of the 14th century. Lviv merchants hardly reached the Dnieper. They stopped in Podolia, where they bought all the necessary oriental goods. Finds of Lviv silver coins allow us to establish that since the end of the 1380s Podillia lands have been in the center o","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-211-227
V. Kotsur, A. Boiko-Haharin, V. Kashperskyi
Analyzing the published researches by previous researchers of new finds of coins of the different periods we were determining as one of the actual directions of research in the medieval numismatics in Ukraine. Examining the scientific achievements of the Ukrainian numismatists, we have determined a significant gap in the focus of research on the findings of coins of the Western Roman Empire and the territory of Ukraine, in particular, the sporadic conclusions are also published by researchers analyzing the existence of Roman coins in this period. The aim of the study. The main purpose of the article is to discover the historiography of the study of the findings of coins of the Western Roman Empire in the period of the IV – the beginning of the V cent. in Ukrainian historiography. Research methodology. In the process of scientific research of the topic the general scientific methods were used: analytical, chronological, and topographic, as well as special methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. The scientific novelty is that for the first time conclusions of scientific current development of the topography of finds of late Roman coins on the territory of Ukraine were introduced into scientific circulation, some observations on the introduction of these finds into scientific circulation were given. The Conclusions. Most of the finds introduced by numismatists into scientific circulation belong to those found in the nineteenth century, about only part of which are preserved information about their transfer to museum collections. Subsequently, almost the same published finds were re-introduced into scientific circulation, republished in various topographies of finds, somewhat supplemented by new discoveries of coins of the Western Roman Empire. It should also be noted that in most cases the descriptions of the finds contain sufficiently abbreviated and concise information, there are no descriptions of coins, an indication of their varieties, mostly the issuer is indicated, the denomination, less often – the legend is transmitted. It is an unfortunate fact that severely damaged coins are found, the identification of which becomes possible only approximately, and in the topographies of such messages processed by the authors a rather significant number. The most famous treasures and finds of coins, which have been published by a number of authors and mentioned in numerous popular science publications, are the treasure from the village of Laski, the dubious treasure of Roman coins from historical Obolon, the find in the Uspensky and Vydubichi Cathedrals – information about which compilations and all compiled archaeological maps of numismatists during the twentieth century – thus becoming a classic treasures. In modern Ukrainian the numismatics and scientists publishing the findings discovered during the official archaeological professional searches, as well as unauthorized amateur and accidental finds. At the present stage of studying this i
{"title":"LATE ROMAN COIN FINDS IN UKRAINE: HISTORY OF RESEARCH","authors":"V. Kotsur, A. Boiko-Haharin, V. Kashperskyi","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-211-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-211-227","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the published researches by previous researchers of new finds of coins of the different periods we were determining as one of the actual directions of research in the medieval numismatics in Ukraine. Examining the scientific achievements of the Ukrainian numismatists, we have determined a significant gap in the focus of research on the findings of coins of the Western Roman Empire and the territory of Ukraine, in particular, the sporadic conclusions are also published by researchers analyzing the existence of Roman coins in this period. The aim of the study. The main purpose of the article is to discover the historiography of the study of the findings of coins of the Western Roman Empire in the period of the IV – the beginning of the V cent. in Ukrainian historiography. Research methodology. In the process of scientific research of the topic the general scientific methods were used: analytical, chronological, and topographic, as well as special methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. The scientific novelty is that for the first time conclusions of scientific current development of the topography of finds of late Roman coins on the territory of Ukraine were introduced into scientific circulation, some observations on the introduction of these finds into scientific circulation were given. \u0000The Conclusions. Most of the finds introduced by numismatists into scientific circulation belong to those found in the nineteenth century, about only part of which are preserved information about their transfer to museum collections. Subsequently, almost the same published finds were re-introduced into scientific circulation, republished in various topographies of finds, somewhat supplemented by new discoveries of coins of the Western Roman Empire. It should also be noted that in most cases the descriptions of the finds contain sufficiently abbreviated and concise information, there are no descriptions of coins, an indication of their varieties, mostly the issuer is indicated, the denomination, less often – the legend is transmitted. It is an unfortunate fact that severely damaged coins are found, the identification of which becomes possible only approximately, and in the topographies of such messages processed by the authors a rather significant number. \u0000The most famous treasures and finds of coins, which have been published by a number of authors and mentioned in numerous popular science publications, are the treasure from the village of Laski, the dubious treasure of Roman coins from historical Obolon, the find in the Uspensky and Vydubichi Cathedrals – information about which compilations and all compiled archaeological maps of numismatists during the twentieth century – thus becoming a classic treasures. \u0000In modern Ukrainian the numismatics and scientists publishing the findings discovered during the official archaeological professional searches, as well as unauthorized amateur and accidental finds. At the present stage of studying this i","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-5-44
V. Orlyk
The purpose of the article is to investigate and systematize coin finds from the sixth to the first century BC in the Tiasmyn river basin and surrounding areas and to bring new finds into scientific circulation. Theoretical and methodological background of the investigation consists of the complexity of general scientific and numismatic methods which are, above all, determined by the existence of corpus of sources and its assessment of credibility or unreliability. Scientific novelty. The researchers of the history of the Dnieper Right Bank Forest-steppe of the first millennia BC divide in a separate group southern, border steppe territory, and the basin of the river Tiasmyn with adjacent territories within Kiev-Cherkassy region. The geographical scope of this group includes river Tiasmyn system in the present Cherkassy region and the territory where feeder from the headwaters of Tiasmyn are close to the right bank tributaries of the Southern Bug system (Hirskyi Tikych and Syniukha) and headwaters of Inhul and Inhulets in the northern part of the Kirovograd region. For the recent decades there can be observed a significant increasing in the number of the known coin finds of the state ancient Greek formations on the settlement of the sixth to the first century BC, which were found in the Tiasmyn river basin as well as overall in Dnieper-Right-Bank-Forest-steppe territory and including coins from the antique city-states of the Northern Black Sea region, such as Olbia, Panticapaeum, Chersonesus, Kerkinitis, Tyras and coins from other Ancient Greek city- states. Although generalized complex investigation of the coin finds of the sixth to the first century BC in the Tiasmyn river basin and surrounding areas are not present, which caused appealing of the author to this topic and writing the article. Main results of the research. The Population that had been living on the territory of the Dnieper Right Bank Forest-steppe, including Tiasmyn river basin from sixth to the first century BC had economic relations with Greece antique world including Olbia. This is evidenced by the significant amount of the numismatic sources in the occupation earth of the settlements. In this case it is presented by the coins from the ancient Greek state formations, which were lost by their owners. The author had analysed 167 ancient coins, which were found in the Tiasmyn basin and had compiled a corresponding Сatalogue. Information about the finds of these coins located in diverse sources: museum collections, above mentioned researcher studies, evidence of area studies specialists, and materials on the forums of the treasure hunters. Analysing 167 coins finds from the sixth to the first century BC on the Tiasmyn river basin area it is possible to highlight 23 points of such coin finds concentration. There are 19 settlements where had been found more than 1 coin and 4 settlements were had been found monetary treasures nearby. All this gives grounds for suggestion that these
{"title":"THE FIND OF ANCIENT COINS IN THE TIASMYN RIVER BASIN FROM THE SIXTH TO THE FIRST CENTURY BC","authors":"V. Orlyk","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-5-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-5-44","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to investigate and systematize coin finds from the sixth to the first century BC in the Tiasmyn river basin and surrounding areas and to bring new finds into scientific circulation. Theoretical and methodological background of the investigation consists of the complexity of general scientific and numismatic methods which are, above all, determined by the existence of corpus of sources and its assessment of credibility or unreliability. Scientific novelty. The researchers of the history of the Dnieper Right Bank Forest-steppe of the first millennia BC divide in a separate group southern, border steppe territory, and the basin of the river Tiasmyn with adjacent territories within Kiev-Cherkassy region. The geographical scope of this group includes river Tiasmyn system in the present Cherkassy region and the territory where feeder from the headwaters of Tiasmyn are close to the right bank tributaries of the Southern Bug system (Hirskyi Tikych and Syniukha) and headwaters of Inhul and Inhulets in the northern part of the Kirovograd region. For the recent decades there can be observed a significant increasing in the number of the known coin finds of the state ancient Greek formations on the settlement of the sixth to the first century BC, which were found in the Tiasmyn river basin as well as overall in Dnieper-Right-Bank-Forest-steppe territory and including coins from the antique city-states of the Northern Black Sea region, such as Olbia, Panticapaeum, Chersonesus, Kerkinitis, Tyras and coins from other Ancient Greek city- states. Although generalized complex investigation of the coin finds of the sixth to the first century BC in the Tiasmyn river basin and surrounding areas are not present, which caused appealing of the author to this topic and writing the article. Main results of the research. The Population that had been living on the territory of the Dnieper Right Bank Forest-steppe, including Tiasmyn river basin from sixth to the first century BC had economic relations with Greece antique world including Olbia. This is evidenced by the significant amount of the numismatic sources in the occupation earth of the settlements. In this case it is presented by the coins from the ancient Greek state formations, which were lost by their owners. \u0000The author had analysed 167 ancient coins, which were found in the Tiasmyn basin and had compiled a corresponding Сatalogue. Information about the finds of these coins located in diverse sources: museum collections, above mentioned researcher studies, evidence of area studies specialists, and materials on the forums of the treasure hunters. Analysing 167 coins finds from the sixth to the first century BC on the Tiasmyn river basin area it is possible to highlight 23 points of such coin finds concentration. There are 19 settlements where had been found more than 1 coin and 4 settlements were had been found monetary treasures nearby. All this gives grounds for suggestion that these ","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-197-210
Mark Pyzyk
This paper discusses the role of bias and uncertainty in the FLAME project (Framing the Late Antique and Early Medieval Economy) at Princeton University. FLAME is a large Digital Humanities project focused on collecting and storing data on coin minting and circulation in west Afro-Eurasia from 325 to 750 CE, roughly coinciding with the period of transition between the late antique and early medieval periods. The overarching goal is historical – that is, we wish to be able to say something new about how the world of late antiquity and the medieval period really was. However, in the process of building this database, and its accompanying online tools, we have also observed that the data is difficult and problematic. This paper, then, is an account of some of these historiographical and methodological issues in the form of three case studies (Britain, France, and Ukraine) and a short discussion of strategies that FLAME employs to communicate these biases to users, who benefit from a transparent discussion of messiness and difficulty in the data. The paper proceeds in seven sections, of which the first is an introduction. Section Two presents basic technical details of the project, such as its database implementation (MySQL) and its online visualization systems (ArcGIS), access to which can be found at https://flame.princeton.edu. Section Three discusses the historiographic questions at stake, distinguishing between Primary Bias (inherent in materials themselves) and Secondary Bias (particular to national and political contexts). Section Four, Five, and Six are each devoted to a separate case study: Britain, France, and Ukraine. Each discusses FLAME's data on that region and briefly touches upon contextual factors that may bias regional data. Thus, Section Four discusses Britain, with much analysis focused on the role of the Portable Antiquities Scheme in incentivizing reporting of found antiquities, and its effects on coin data. Section Five discusses France, where FLAME records many coin finds, but from a limited time period (primarily from Merovingian states). Section Six discusses the situation in Ukraine, where we were helped by existing scholarly resources (such as the coin inventories of Kropotkin), but where cultural heritage preservation suffers from weak state enforcement and where much scholarship suffers from spotty recording practices, and often outright theft of national treasures, going back to the imperial Russian period. Section Seven concludes the paper, noting that such methodological and second-order discussion of bias is a critical desideratum for the Digital Humanities as it matures into its second decade.
{"title":"REGIONAL BIAS IN LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY MEDIEVAL COIN FINDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON DATA: THREE CASE STUDIES","authors":"Mark Pyzyk","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-197-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-197-210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of bias and uncertainty in the FLAME project (Framing the Late Antique and Early Medieval Economy) at Princeton University. FLAME is a large Digital Humanities project focused on collecting and storing data on coin minting and circulation in west Afro-Eurasia from 325 to 750 CE, roughly coinciding with the period of transition between the late antique and early medieval periods. The overarching goal is historical – that is, we wish to be able to say something new about how the world of late antiquity and the medieval period really was. However, in the process of building this database, and its accompanying online tools, we have also observed that the data is difficult and problematic. This paper, then, is an account of some of these historiographical and methodological issues in the form of three case studies (Britain, France, and Ukraine) and a short discussion of strategies that FLAME employs to communicate these biases to users, who benefit from a transparent discussion of messiness and difficulty in the data. \u0000The paper proceeds in seven sections, of which the first is an introduction. Section Two presents basic technical details of the project, such as its database implementation (MySQL) and its online visualization systems (ArcGIS), access to which can be found at https://flame.princeton.edu. Section Three discusses the historiographic questions at stake, distinguishing between Primary Bias (inherent in materials themselves) and Secondary Bias (particular to national and political contexts). \u0000Section Four, Five, and Six are each devoted to a separate case study: Britain, France, and Ukraine. Each discusses FLAME's data on that region and briefly touches upon contextual factors that may bias regional data. Thus, Section Four discusses Britain, with much analysis focused on the role of the Portable Antiquities Scheme in incentivizing reporting of found antiquities, and its effects on coin data. Section Five discusses France, where FLAME records many coin finds, but from a limited time period (primarily from Merovingian states). Section Six discusses the situation in Ukraine, where we were helped by existing scholarly resources (such as the coin inventories of Kropotkin), but where cultural heritage preservation suffers from weak state enforcement and where much scholarship suffers from spotty recording practices, and often outright theft of national treasures, going back to the imperial Russian period. Section Seven concludes the paper, noting that such methodological and second-order discussion of bias is a critical desideratum for the Digital Humanities as it matures into its second decade.","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48270211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-81-92
G. Kazakevych
The article deals with the iconography of the Celtic coins which come from the South-Eastern Europe. Main attention is paid to the coins found in the Trans-Carpathian region of Ukraine. The aim of this article is to shed light on symbolism of the Celtic coins, in particular on a horse-rider figure on the reverse of these coins. Research methodology is based on the structuralist approach. The scientific novelty. The author shows how the imagery of the coins was connected to the Celtic religious beliefs and cults. The Celtic issues from the Trans-Carpathian region were derived chiefly from the coins of Philip II and Audoleon. A horse-rider image is present on almost all of the Celtic coins from the Trans-Carpathian area and nearby regions. While on most of coins the rider’s figure is highly schematized, some of them contain a detailed image of a female figure. There is no reason to suggest that the Celtic women used to lead their communities or were widely involved in the warfare as military leaders or individual fighters. At the same time, their significance in the religious and ideological spheres of warfare was great. One can assume that the horse-rider depicted on the Celtic coins was considered rather as an image of deity associated with war, fertility and horse-breeding. It is highly probable that this deity in fact was Epona or other related goddess. The coins were widely used in both trade and ritual practices. In particular, the Classical sources mention the Celtic ritual of devotion of coins to the goddess of hunting. The findings of coins with chop-marks, similar to those found in the Gallic and Gallo-Roman sanctuaries, should be mentioned in this context as well.
{"title":"HORSE-RIDER IMAGE ON THE COINS OF THE EASTERN CELTS AND THE CULT OF CELTIC WAR GODDESS","authors":"G. Kazakevych","doi":"10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-81-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-81-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the iconography of the Celtic coins which come from the South-Eastern Europe. Main attention is paid to the coins found in the Trans-Carpathian region of Ukraine. The aim of this article is to shed light on symbolism of the Celtic coins, in particular on a horse-rider figure on the reverse of these coins. Research methodology is based on the structuralist approach. The scientific novelty. The author shows how the imagery of the coins was connected to the Celtic religious beliefs and cults. The Celtic issues from the Trans-Carpathian region were derived chiefly from the coins of Philip II and Audoleon. A horse-rider image is present on almost all of the Celtic coins from the Trans-Carpathian area and nearby regions. While on most of coins the rider’s figure is highly schematized, some of them contain a detailed image of a female figure. There is no reason to suggest that the Celtic women used to lead their communities or were widely involved in the warfare as military leaders or individual fighters. At the same time, their significance in the religious and ideological spheres of warfare was great. One can assume that the horse-rider depicted on the Celtic coins was considered rather as an image of deity associated with war, fertility and horse-breeding. It is highly probable that this deity in fact was Epona or other related goddess. The coins were widely used in both trade and ritual practices. In particular, the Classical sources mention the Celtic ritual of devotion of coins to the goddess of hunting. The findings of coins with chop-marks, similar to those found in the Gallic and Gallo-Roman sanctuaries, should be mentioned in this context as well.","PeriodicalId":33264,"journal":{"name":"Ukrayins''kii numizmatichnii shchorichnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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