Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565165
G. R. Hadley
Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presently the subject of intense research due to their potential as compact, efficient, astigmatic laser sources for a number of important applications. Unfortunately, their complexity precludes optimization based solely upon empirical methods, and points instead to the need for better numerical models. Modeling the optical field in a vertical-cavity laser, however, is especially difficult due to both the high Q of the optical cavity and the distributed reflectivity of the mirrors. Our approach to this dilemma has been the development of modeling techniques on two complexity scales. We first derived an effective-index model that is numerically efficient and thus can be included together with carrier transport and thermal models to make up a self-consistent modeling package.
{"title":"Optical modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers","authors":"G. R. Hadley","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565165","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presently the subject of intense research due to their potential as compact, efficient, astigmatic laser sources for a number of important applications. Unfortunately, their complexity precludes optimization based solely upon empirical methods, and points instead to the need for better numerical models. Modeling the optical field in a vertical-cavity laser, however, is especially difficult due to both the high Q of the optical cavity and the distributed reflectivity of the mirrors. Our approach to this dilemma has been the development of modeling techniques on two complexity scales. We first derived an effective-index model that is numerically efficient and thus can be included together with carrier transport and thermal models to make up a self-consistent modeling package.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114202257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571614
A. Mendez, R. Gagliardi
Summary form only given. Wavelength division multiplex (WDM) system concepts, with WDM transceivers and associated guided wave devices based on the wavelength band around 1550 nm, are important ingredients of emerging telecommunication (telecom) and data communication (datacom) systems. However, there is an increasing awareness of WDM limitations imposed by physical phenomena and cost which may restrict the effective number of WDM or "virtual channels" available for these emerging systems. For example, fiber dispersion and nonlinearities define a "window of operability".
{"title":"Design and analysis of wavelength division multiplex (WDM) and code division multiple access (CDMA) hybrids (WCH)","authors":"A. Mendez, R. Gagliardi","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571614","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Wavelength division multiplex (WDM) system concepts, with WDM transceivers and associated guided wave devices based on the wavelength band around 1550 nm, are important ingredients of emerging telecommunication (telecom) and data communication (datacom) systems. However, there is an increasing awareness of WDM limitations imposed by physical phenomena and cost which may restrict the effective number of WDM or \"virtual channels\" available for these emerging systems. For example, fiber dispersion and nonlinearities define a \"window of operability\".","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571577
Ki-Hong Kim, Hyuek-Jae Lee, Jee-Yon Choi, Y. Won
Summary form only given. An optical fiber loop mirror with a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is utilized for producing equally time-spaced 3-bit code for synchronization marking. Measured autocorrelation function for this code shows the maximum side-lobe ratio to first lobe to be -8.8 dB.
{"title":"Novel synchronization code for a photonic packet","authors":"Ki-Hong Kim, Hyuek-Jae Lee, Jee-Yon Choi, Y. Won","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571577","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. An optical fiber loop mirror with a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is utilized for producing equally time-spaced 3-bit code for synchronization marking. Measured autocorrelation function for this code shows the maximum side-lobe ratio to first lobe to be -8.8 dB.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116144167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565260
Y. Arakawa
We succeeded in the first demonstration of a vertical microcavity quantum dot laser operated at 77K. The microcavity (/spl lambda/=985nm) consists of an InGaAs quantum dot layer grown by the S-K growth mode with MOCVD, located between two AlAs-Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As distributed Bragg reflector mirrors.
我们成功地首次演示了在77K下工作的垂直微腔量子点激光器。微腔(/spl lambda/=985nm)由一个采用MOCVD的S-K生长方式生长的InGaAs量子点层组成，位于两个ala - al /sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As分布布拉格反射镜之间。
{"title":"Epitaxial growth and physics of nanostructures for quantum dot lasers","authors":"Y. Arakawa","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565260","url":null,"abstract":"We succeeded in the first demonstration of a vertical microcavity quantum dot laser operated at 77K. The microcavity (/spl lambda/=985nm) consists of an InGaAs quantum dot layer grown by the S-K growth mode with MOCVD, located between two AlAs-Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As distributed Bragg reflector mirrors.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114277756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565300
A. Gandjbakhche, I. Gannot, R. Bonner
Noninvasive optical spectroscopic imaging of tissue has considerable potential for clinical screening and monitoring metabolic status, if accurate tomographic reconstruction techniques are developed. The rationale for specific diagnosis is based on different spectroscopic signatures of intrinsic tissue or specific exogenous labels which can distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue types. However, several critical technological elements are required for clinically useful imaging. These include obtaining a balance between attenuation of the detected light and resolution, and achieving specificity which is crucial for a purely noninvasive, definitive diagnosis. The authors use random walk theory to address these interrelated elements by calculating a time-dependent contrast function to describe photon paths in time-resolved transillumination detection of abnormally absorbing and/or scattering regions in tissue. The contrast function depends on the optical properties of the normal tissue as well as the optical properties, size and location of the abnormal target. Results of the theory are applied to estimate the absorption and the scattering coefficients of a cylinder embedded in a tissue-like phantom. Although the authors were able to detect the presence of the abnormal target and quantify its optical properties, the specificity of such quantitation is yet to be demonstrated. In fact, differences in scattering properties between normal and abnormal tissue can be rather nonspecific. Moreover, at near infra-red wavelengths in which the optical attenuation in tissue is rather small differences in absorptivity between normal and diseased tissue can be quite small. This implies poor contrast and therefore poor resolvability of a target from other tissue components.
{"title":"Photon migration theory applied to 3D optical imaging of tissue","authors":"A. Gandjbakhche, I. Gannot, R. Bonner","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565300","url":null,"abstract":"Noninvasive optical spectroscopic imaging of tissue has considerable potential for clinical screening and monitoring metabolic status, if accurate tomographic reconstruction techniques are developed. The rationale for specific diagnosis is based on different spectroscopic signatures of intrinsic tissue or specific exogenous labels which can distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue types. However, several critical technological elements are required for clinically useful imaging. These include obtaining a balance between attenuation of the detected light and resolution, and achieving specificity which is crucial for a purely noninvasive, definitive diagnosis. The authors use random walk theory to address these interrelated elements by calculating a time-dependent contrast function to describe photon paths in time-resolved transillumination detection of abnormally absorbing and/or scattering regions in tissue. The contrast function depends on the optical properties of the normal tissue as well as the optical properties, size and location of the abnormal target. Results of the theory are applied to estimate the absorption and the scattering coefficients of a cylinder embedded in a tissue-like phantom. Although the authors were able to detect the presence of the abnormal target and quantify its optical properties, the specificity of such quantitation is yet to be demonstrated. In fact, differences in scattering properties between normal and abnormal tissue can be rather nonspecific. Moreover, at near infra-red wavelengths in which the optical attenuation in tissue is rather small differences in absorptivity between normal and diseased tissue can be quite small. This implies poor contrast and therefore poor resolvability of a target from other tissue components.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125639217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571588
S. Lau, J. Ballantyne
Triangular waveguide diode ring lasers (WDRLs) are of interest as cleave free, low noise, compact sources for integrated optoelectronic applications requiring 10's of mW output power with high SMSR. We report the results of the first design optimization study of these devices.
{"title":"Design of minimum threshold current triangular ring lasers","authors":"S. Lau, J. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571588","url":null,"abstract":"Triangular waveguide diode ring lasers (WDRLs) are of interest as cleave free, low noise, compact sources for integrated optoelectronic applications requiring 10's of mW output power with high SMSR. We report the results of the first design optimization study of these devices.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131139527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571568
R. Spickermann, S. Sakamoto, N. Dagli
Optical modulators with very wide electrical bandwidths are essential components for optical control of microwaves and millimeter waves as well as high speed optical communication systems. A very desirable approach to obtain very wide electrical bandwidths is the so-called traveling wave design. In such a design electrode is designed as a transmission line. Therefore, electrode capacitance is distributed and does not limit the modulator speed. In this summary we will only concentrate on the measured small signal modulation response of the GaAs-AlGaAs electro optical modulator device at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m.
{"title":"In traveling wave modulators which velocity to match?","authors":"R. Spickermann, S. Sakamoto, N. Dagli","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571568","url":null,"abstract":"Optical modulators with very wide electrical bandwidths are essential components for optical control of microwaves and millimeter waves as well as high speed optical communication systems. A very desirable approach to obtain very wide electrical bandwidths is the so-called traveling wave design. In such a design electrode is designed as a transmission line. Therefore, electrode capacitance is distributed and does not limit the modulator speed. In this summary we will only concentrate on the measured small signal modulation response of the GaAs-AlGaAs electro optical modulator device at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565123
K. Shahnazi, L. Lynds, P. Cheo
Under the program sponsored by NSF- Atmospheric Science division, a heterodyne spectrometer for remote sensing of vertical stratospheric ozone is being developed. In the 10 /spl mu/m region, a microwave-sideband CO/sub 2/ laser spectrometer has been used to find absorption spectra of NH/sub 3/, a resolution of .0002 cm/sup -1/ has been successfully demonstrated on selected transitions. In addition, tunability and performance of the modulator has been reported. The modulator can be tuned from 8-18 GHz with minimum input power of 18 watts.
{"title":"Electro-optic modulator for remote sensing in mid-infrared ozone detection","authors":"K. Shahnazi, L. Lynds, P. Cheo","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565123","url":null,"abstract":"Under the program sponsored by NSF- Atmospheric Science division, a heterodyne spectrometer for remote sensing of vertical stratospheric ozone is being developed. In the 10 /spl mu/m region, a microwave-sideband CO/sub 2/ laser spectrometer has been used to find absorption spectra of NH/sub 3/, a resolution of .0002 cm/sup -1/ has been successfully demonstrated on selected transitions. In addition, tunability and performance of the modulator has been reported. The modulator can be tuned from 8-18 GHz with minimum input power of 18 watts.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132782311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571594
D. Campi, C. Coriasso, L. Faustini, C. Cacciatore, C. Rigo, A. Stano
This contribution focuses on optically-controlled switching devices that have the potential of operating at rates greater than 40 Gb/s, that is beyond the limits of electronics components. These devices would be useful for ultrafast serial processing: applications include routing and time-domain demultiplexing in telecommunications transmission networks as well as local area networks, providing key functions where the system bottleneck is set by the bandwidth of a few critical components. All-optical time-domain switching and routing is a natural complement to wavelength switching in offering massive transport capability: therefore, it would be advisable that optically-controlled technologies be compatible with wavelength switching implementations. The discussion here is restricted to nonlinear, guided-wave, passive devices based on semiconductors, and, specifically, on semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs).
{"title":"All-optical waveguide devices based on multiple quantum wells","authors":"D. Campi, C. Coriasso, L. Faustini, C. Cacciatore, C. Rigo, A. Stano","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571594","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution focuses on optically-controlled switching devices that have the potential of operating at rates greater than 40 Gb/s, that is beyond the limits of electronics components. These devices would be useful for ultrafast serial processing: applications include routing and time-domain demultiplexing in telecommunications transmission networks as well as local area networks, providing key functions where the system bottleneck is set by the bandwidth of a few critical components. All-optical time-domain switching and routing is a natural complement to wavelength switching in offering massive transport capability: therefore, it would be advisable that optically-controlled technologies be compatible with wavelength switching implementations. The discussion here is restricted to nonlinear, guided-wave, passive devices based on semiconductors, and, specifically, on semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs).","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131867449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571540
A. Janssen
Performance and cost demands on future optoelectronic components are likely to continue in the foreseeable future as fibre networks are increasingly deployed. To meet these demands, new materials and manufacturing methods need to evolve from components which are designed to be fully hermetic to meet the system reliability requirements or which require precision manual optical alignment as part of the manufacturing process. The advent of WDM systems and optical switching will also require packaging of multi-fibre (ribboned) components.
{"title":"Packaging technologies for optoelectronics in the new millennium","authors":"A. Janssen","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571540","url":null,"abstract":"Performance and cost demands on future optoelectronic components are likely to continue in the foreseeable future as fibre networks are increasingly deployed. To meet these demands, new materials and manufacturing methods need to evolve from components which are designed to be fully hermetic to meet the system reliability requirements or which require precision manual optical alignment as part of the manufacturing process. The advent of WDM systems and optical switching will also require packaging of multi-fibre (ribboned) components.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132237369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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