Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-1
O. Fomin, A. Lovska
To increase the efficiency of operation of the hopper car, it is proposed to improve it by dividing the body into two separate sections, which facilitates the possibility of transporting different types of cargo. In order to adapt the hopper car for transportation on railway ferries in international traffic, it is proposed to install on its pivot beams knots for fastening chain ties. Determination of the dynamic load of the load-bearing structure of the hopper car was performed by mathematical modeling. The case of the on-board rocking of the railway ferry is taken into account. The solution of the mathematical model is implemented in the MathCad software package. The total amount of acceleration acting on the supporting structure of the hopper car was 2.4 m/s2 (0.24 g). The obtained value of acceleration is taken into account when calculating the strength of the load-bearing structure of the hopper car. The calculation was performed by the finite element method in the SolidWorks Simulation software package. The results of the calculations established that the maximum equivalent stresses are 312.3 MPa and occur in the node for fixing. However, they do not exceed the allowable values. The conducted researches will promote increase of efficiency of operation of hopper cars, and also creation of developments concerning designing of their perspective designs.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF LOADING STRUCTURE OF HYPER-HOPPER TWO-SECTION CARRIER DURING CARRIAGE BY RAILWAY","authors":"O. Fomin, A. Lovska","doi":"10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-1","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the efficiency of operation of the hopper car, it is proposed to improve it by dividing the body into two separate sections, which facilitates the possibility of transporting different types of cargo. In order to adapt the hopper car for transportation on railway ferries in international traffic, it is proposed to install on its pivot beams knots for fastening chain ties. Determination of the dynamic load of the load-bearing structure of the hopper car was performed by mathematical modeling. The case of the on-board rocking of the railway ferry is taken into account. The solution of the mathematical model is implemented in the MathCad software package. The total amount of acceleration acting on the supporting structure of the hopper car was 2.4 m/s2 (0.24 g). The obtained value of acceleration is taken into account when calculating the strength of the load-bearing structure of the hopper car. The calculation was performed by the finite element method in the SolidWorks Simulation software package. The results of the calculations established that the maximum equivalent stresses are 312.3 MPa and occur in the node for fixing. However, they do not exceed the allowable values. The conducted researches will promote increase of efficiency of operation of hopper cars, and also creation of developments concerning designing of their perspective designs.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69984234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-13
S. Taranenko, S. Golubieva
Despite the progress in research and development of designs of modern electric motors for industrial enterprises for various purposes, including marine electric motors, reliable methods for determining the causes of their failures have not yet been created, and the application of well-known methods in practice, including diagnosing the technical condition of engines, not only requires a lot of labor and highly qualified personnel, but in many cases it is actually inefficient. This is especially true of severe operational damage arising from the destruction of parts and accompanied by a violation of the synchronization of their reciprocating and rotational motion. On the other hand, the performed study shows that the causes of malfunctions and failures of electric motors can also be determined by logical and probabilistic methods, including on the basis of fault tree analysis involving the results of research on various faults. By structuring the signs of failures, a failure tree was compiled that logically describes the cause-and-effect relationships between the failure event and the initial damage that caused it separately for each of the failure modes selected for analysis associated with severe damage to the electric motors of the type under study. As a result of using the fault tree in practice, it is possible to determine the causes of failure of electric motors and electric motors with automatic control systems with sufficient reliability and minimal time.
{"title":"USING THE FAULT TREE AS A LOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF SHIP ELECTRIC MOTORS","authors":"S. Taranenko, S. Golubieva","doi":"10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-13","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the progress in research and development of designs of modern electric motors for industrial enterprises for various purposes, including marine electric motors, reliable methods for determining the causes of their failures have not yet been created, and the application of well-known methods in practice, including diagnosing the technical condition of engines, not only requires a lot of labor and highly qualified personnel, but in many cases it is actually inefficient. This is especially true of severe operational damage arising from the destruction of parts and accompanied by a violation of the synchronization of their reciprocating and rotational motion. On the other hand, the performed study shows that the causes of malfunctions and failures of electric motors can also be determined by logical and probabilistic methods, including on the basis of fault tree analysis involving the results of research on various faults. By structuring the signs of failures, a failure tree was compiled that logically describes the cause-and-effect relationships between the failure event and the initial damage that caused it separately for each of the failure modes selected for analysis associated with severe damage to the electric motors of the type under study. As a result of using the fault tree in practice, it is possible to determine the causes of failure of electric motors and electric motors with automatic control systems with sufficient reliability and minimal time.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-14
O. Holota, S. Plaksin, Y. Shkil
The article proposes a way to determine the position of the crew of the tape recorder using the method of rangefinder. The basis of the developed idea is the use of emitters with which you can register the rotational movements of the crew (pitch and dredging), as well as to register the roll. According to the results of the research, the following is substantiated: phase rangefinder with one emitter on the crew platform allows to determine the position of the crew on the race, its displacement in the horizontal plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the track structure and the height of the suspension between the crew bottom and three rotational movements (pitch, digging and roll). The novelty of the work is to substantiate the method of continuous positioning of high-speed magnetic levitation vehicle on 6 degrees of freedom based on phase rangefinder for arbitrary configuration in three-dimensional space of a fixed overpass and the integrity of the navigation system. The considered method of navigation is intended for use in high-speed transport ground systems on a magnetic suspension, the organization of the automated control of movement of wheeled transport on local platforms of industrial function, the organization of high-speed small-scale municipal transport of individual use.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE COORDINATES OF THE SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF THE MAGNETOPLAN REGARDING THE RAIL STRUCTURE","authors":"O. Holota, S. Plaksin, Y. Shkil","doi":"10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a way to determine the position of the crew of the tape recorder using the method of rangefinder. The basis of the developed idea is the use of emitters with which you can register the rotational movements of the crew (pitch and dredging), as well as to register the roll. According to the results of the research, the following is substantiated: phase rangefinder with one emitter on the crew platform allows to determine the position of the crew on the race, its displacement in the horizontal plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the track structure and the height of the suspension between the crew bottom and three rotational movements (pitch, digging and roll). The novelty of the work is to substantiate the method of continuous positioning of high-speed magnetic levitation vehicle on 6 degrees of freedom based on phase rangefinder for arbitrary configuration in three-dimensional space of a fixed overpass and the integrity of the navigation system. The considered method of navigation is intended for use in high-speed transport ground systems on a magnetic suspension, the organization of the automated control of movement of wheeled transport on local platforms of industrial function, the organization of high-speed small-scale municipal transport of individual use.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-21
O. Kuropiatnyk, O. Krasnoshchok
Objective. The main purpose of this article is to review and analyze the possibilities of integrating cableway transport into the urban environment for unloading and redistribution of passenger flows in large cities, taking into account current issues of energy efficiency and resource conservation. Methods. It is determined that the successful functioning of the state depends on the transport process. At the same time, road transportation is becoming increasingly important. Statistical data for 2020 and 2021 on freight and passenger transportation were used. Statistics on road accidents have been increasing in recent years. The issues of passenger and freight safety are relevant. When designing a modern alternative mode of transport, it is important to consider possible innovative solutions. One of such approaches is the position on energy efficiency and resource conservation. At the same time, energy efficiency concerns not only the engineering processes of these transport systems, but also the operation of cable cars. An innovative solution can be rope systems in which cabins move along the carrier rope and are equipped with their own drive. Results. The main functions and significance of the transport system of the country, the main modes of transport, including passenger, are considered. The transport problem of large cities due to congestion of roads is determined. A review and analysis of the possibilities of integrating ropeway transport into the urban environment for unloading and redistribution of passenger flows in large cities, taking into account current issues of energy efficiency and resource conservation. The prospects for the introduction of cable transport are considered. Scientific novelty. The problems of transport of Ukraine are determined. Statistical data on road accidents, volumes of freight and passenger traffic are used. The proposed solution to unload the roads of large cities, in order to improve the safety of passenger traffic and environmental friendliness in transport. The scheme of self-propelled cable car with individual drive is developed. Practical significance. The issue of energy efficiency concerns the rational use of energy resources, which means that the use of less energy resources will reduce the cost of transportation. The use of energy efficient technologies will allow less detrimental impact on the environment, which is of great importance in a large city.
{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF CABLE CAR TRANSPORT","authors":"O. Kuropiatnyk, O. Krasnoshchok","doi":"10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The main purpose of this article is to review and analyze the possibilities of integrating cableway transport into the urban environment for unloading and redistribution of passenger flows in large cities, taking into account current issues of energy efficiency and resource conservation. Methods. It is determined that the successful functioning of the state depends on the transport process. At the same time, road transportation is becoming increasingly important. Statistical data for 2020 and 2021 on freight and passenger transportation were used. Statistics on road accidents have been increasing in recent years. The issues of passenger and freight safety are relevant. When designing a modern alternative mode of transport, it is important to consider possible innovative solutions. One of such approaches is the position on energy efficiency and resource conservation. At the same time, energy efficiency concerns not only the engineering processes of these transport systems, but also the operation of cable cars. An innovative solution can be rope systems in which cabins move along the carrier rope and are equipped with their own drive. Results. The main functions and significance of the transport system of the country, the main modes of transport, including passenger, are considered. The transport problem of large cities due to congestion of roads is determined. A review and analysis of the possibilities of integrating ropeway transport into the urban environment for unloading and redistribution of passenger flows in large cities, taking into account current issues of energy efficiency and resource conservation. The prospects for the introduction of cable transport are considered. Scientific novelty. The problems of transport of Ukraine are determined. Statistical data on road accidents, volumes of freight and passenger traffic are used. The proposed solution to unload the roads of large cities, in order to improve the safety of passenger traffic and environmental friendliness in transport. The scheme of self-propelled cable car with individual drive is developed. Practical significance. The issue of energy efficiency concerns the rational use of energy resources, which means that the use of less energy resources will reduce the cost of transportation. The use of energy efficient technologies will allow less detrimental impact on the environment, which is of great importance in a large city.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-15
O. Кyryllova, V. Кyryllova
Ports are the basis of the infrastructural framework of the global system of international transportation. That is why questions regarding the functioning and development of ports are always relevant. For the formation of theoretical foundations and effective mechanisms of port management, it is important not only to analyze the current state of transport networks and port systems, individual ports and their infrastructure, but also to analyze the processes of the emergence, formation, functioning and development of ports. The results of such a retrospective review from the perspective of a critical analysis of the relevant historical experience contribute to the formation of a systemic view of the prospects for the development of domestic ports. After all, prospective and retrospective analyzes are closely related. Without a retrospective analysis, it is impossible to objectively understand the prospects of the movement of this or that port on the way of its further development. The paper examines the management systems that operated during the period of Ukraine's independence in its ports, analyzes the current status of domestic ports, and also conducts an analysis of existing approaches to the periodization of port development processes in the world. This was done in order to form the theoretical foundations of the spatial and functional evolution of ports: from the standpoint of a systemic view of the processes and possible directions of their future development; on the basis of methods of retrospective analysis of theoretical models existing in the world and systematized in the work, each of which at the empirical level can be chosen by a decision-maker as a visual "template" of the development of a specific port, taking into account the current state and existing realities.
{"title":"THE ORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVOLUTION OF PORTS","authors":"O. Кyryllova, V. Кyryllova","doi":"10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-15","url":null,"abstract":"Ports are the basis of the infrastructural framework of the global system of international transportation. That is why questions regarding the functioning and development of ports are always relevant. For the formation of theoretical foundations and effective mechanisms of port management, it is important not only to analyze the current state of transport networks and port systems, individual ports and their infrastructure, but also to analyze the processes of the emergence, formation, functioning and development of ports. The results of such a retrospective review from the perspective of a critical analysis of the relevant historical experience contribute to the formation of a systemic view of the prospects for the development of domestic ports. After all, prospective and retrospective analyzes are closely related. Without a retrospective analysis, it is impossible to objectively understand the prospects of the movement of this or that port on the way of its further development. The paper examines the management systems that operated during the period of Ukraine's independence in its ports, analyzes the current status of domestic ports, and also conducts an analysis of existing approaches to the periodization of port development processes in the world. This was done in order to form the theoretical foundations of the spatial and functional evolution of ports: from the standpoint of a systemic view of the processes and possible directions of their future development; on the basis of methods of retrospective analysis of theoretical models existing in the world and systematized in the work, each of which at the empirical level can be chosen by a decision-maker as a visual \"template\" of the development of a specific port, taking into account the current state and existing realities.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-33-40
V. Koba, Iryna Tarnovska, V. Vlasova
One of the many problematic issues of the development of science in Ukraine, which needs to be solved, is the improvement of the funding of scientific research. Chronic underfunding of the activities of scientific institutions, the implementation of scientific research and scientific and technical development of institutions of higher education, academies, institutes, individual scientific programs and granted grants has led to many negative trends in the development of science in Ukraine and bad consequences. Therefore, in the post-war period, when restoring and reforming the infrastructure of Ukraine, it is necessary to update and improve the system of financial support for scientific research. This will serve as the basis for the further development of science in the country.The article analyzes the financial support of scientific research for 2020-2022. The decline of Ukrainian science, the activity of scientific institutions and organizations in living conditions is due to significant underfunding of their work. Spending on scientific research and development in Ukraine has decreased by 40% over the past 11 years. Measured in US dollars, the share of spending on scientific research and development in GDP has almost halved (by 46%) from 0.75% in 2010. to 0.41% by 2020Chronic underfunding has led to a number of negative phenomena in the development of science, the main of which are the following: a decrease in the motivation of scientific workers, a very low level of average costs per employee (9.37 thousand US dollars in 2020 in Ukraine against 300 thousand dollars in the USA, $250,000 in Germany, $200,000 in France, etc.), a reduction in the number of scientific researchers, an increase in the departure of scientific personnel abroad, a low level of prestige and the image of scientific activity, a weak influx of young people into science etc.Thus, science in Ukraine is in a state of deep crisis, so the first step in thepost-war period is to significantly improve the funding of scientific research several times by increasing the share of GDP expenditures to 1.7%, as it is legally established in Ukraine. In the future, taking into account the rise of the country's economy,bring this indicator to the level of 2-3% of GDP, which is valid in EU countries.This norm is justified and successfully used in EU countries,and it is necessary to reach its level in Ukraine. This is a minimum, because the GDP of Ukraine is much lowerthan the developed countries of Europe. In addition, taking into account that Ukraine received the status of a candidate for EU membership, it is necessary that the norms of funding of science be approximated to the norms of European Union.
{"title":"FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF SCINTIFIC RESEARCH IN UKRAINE: STATE AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT","authors":"V. Koba, Iryna Tarnovska, V. Vlasova","doi":"10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-33-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-33-40","url":null,"abstract":"One of the many problematic issues of the development of science in Ukraine, which needs to be solved, is the improvement of the funding of scientific research. Chronic underfunding of the activities of scientific institutions, the implementation of scientific research and scientific and technical development of institutions of higher education, academies, institutes, individual scientific programs and granted grants has led to many negative trends in the development of science in Ukraine and bad consequences. Therefore, in the post-war period, when restoring and reforming the infrastructure of Ukraine, it is necessary to update and improve the system of financial support for scientific research. This will serve as the basis for the further development of science in the country.The article analyzes the financial support of scientific research for 2020-2022. The decline of Ukrainian science, the activity of scientific institutions and organizations in living conditions is due to significant underfunding of their work. Spending on scientific research and development in Ukraine has decreased by 40% over the past 11 years. Measured in US dollars, the share of spending on scientific research and development in GDP has almost halved (by 46%) from 0.75% in 2010. to 0.41% by 2020Chronic underfunding has led to a number of negative phenomena in the development of science, the main of which are the following: a decrease in the motivation of scientific workers, a very low level of average costs per employee (9.37 thousand US dollars in 2020 in Ukraine against 300 thousand dollars in the USA, $250,000 in Germany, $200,000 in France, etc.), a reduction in the number of scientific researchers, an increase in the departure of scientific personnel abroad, a low level of prestige and the image of scientific activity, a weak influx of young people into science etc.Thus, science in Ukraine is in a state of deep crisis, so the first step in thepost-war period is to significantly improve the funding of scientific research several times by increasing the share of GDP expenditures to 1.7%, as it is legally established in Ukraine. In the future, taking into account the rise of the country's economy,bring this indicator to the level of 2-3% of GDP, which is valid in EU countries.This norm is justified and successfully used in EU countries,and it is necessary to reach its level in Ukraine. This is a minimum, because the GDP of Ukraine is much lowerthan the developed countries of Europe. In addition, taking into account that Ukraine received the status of a candidate for EU membership, it is necessary that the norms of funding of science be approximated to the norms of European Union.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72573623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-52-64
O. Pylypenko, O. Kravchenko
The article is devoted to the study of the mutual influence of crises and innovationsin production and economic systems, in particular transport. It is shown that crises constantly accompany economic activity and, first, are manifested in a decrease in production volumes, deterioration of key indicators of financial and economic activity and provoke the emergence of various types of deficit conditions or interruptions in the functioning of enterprises. The withdrawal of the production and economic system from the crisis is possible due to changes in the economic process due to the creationand implementation of innovations.The change of approaches to the scientific understanding of the impact of crises on the development of production and economic systems is considered. A critical analysis of two classifications of crises (unexpected (random) and expected (regular), managed and unmanaged) is performed. An analysis of the crises in Ukraine, the "gasoline crisis", and the war as a manifestation of the crisis is carried out. It is shown that the way out of the crisis requires appropriate managerial decisions, which must be innovative in nature. They can be, firstly, organizational, and economic, technical, technological, managerial, etc., and secondly, timely.The gradual exhaustion of the potential of any idea and the innovation based on it isan objective process and is caused by moral wear. This determines the need to reserve funds from current income to prevent crises, to look for other sources of financing innovations and to constantly be concerned with the birth of new ideas for the development of theenterprise. A model definition of the term of the onset of the limit of the effectiveness of the innovation is proposed for forecasting the next crises.The relationship between crisis phenomena and innovations in the transport sector is considered, and the manifestations of the crisis state in the functioning of various types of transport are highlighted. Anti-crisis management measures are proposed, namely forecasting of crisis situations and adaptive management, prevention of technological backwardness and development of innovative solutions, ensuring technological novelty and efficiency of innovations both in the national economy as a whole and in transport.
{"title":"CRISIS AS A SOURCE OF INNOVATION IN PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS","authors":"O. Pylypenko, O. Kravchenko","doi":"10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-52-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-52-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the mutual influence of crises and innovationsin production and economic systems, in particular transport. It is shown that crises constantly accompany economic activity and, first, are manifested in a decrease in production volumes, deterioration of key indicators of financial and economic activity and provoke the emergence of various types of deficit conditions or interruptions in the functioning of enterprises. The withdrawal of the production and economic system from the crisis is possible due to changes in the economic process due to the creationand implementation of innovations.The change of approaches to the scientific understanding of the impact of crises on the development of production and economic systems is considered. A critical analysis of two classifications of crises (unexpected (random) and expected (regular), managed and unmanaged) is performed. An analysis of the crises in Ukraine, the \"gasoline crisis\", and the war as a manifestation of the crisis is carried out. It is shown that the way out of the crisis requires appropriate managerial decisions, which must be innovative in nature. They can be, firstly, organizational, and economic, technical, technological, managerial, etc., and secondly, timely.The gradual exhaustion of the potential of any idea and the innovation based on it isan objective process and is caused by moral wear. This determines the need to reserve funds from current income to prevent crises, to look for other sources of financing innovations and to constantly be concerned with the birth of new ideas for the development of theenterprise. A model definition of the term of the onset of the limit of the effectiveness of the innovation is proposed for forecasting the next crises.The relationship between crisis phenomena and innovations in the transport sector is considered, and the manifestations of the crisis state in the functioning of various types of transport are highlighted. Anti-crisis management measures are proposed, namely forecasting of crisis situations and adaptive management, prevention of technological backwardness and development of innovative solutions, ensuring technological novelty and efficiency of innovations both in the national economy as a whole and in transport.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85999602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-13-19
Ludmila Batsenko, Roman Halenin, Oleh Sheludko
The article is devoted to the importance of marketing activities at the enterprise from the point of view of top and middle managers. One of the factors that ensures the effective functioning of enterprises is its management of marketing activities, as well as the understanding that marketing plays a key role in achieving great business success. The main stages of the marketing plan and specific marketing measures are highlighted, which will allow the enterprise to effectively manage marketing activities in order to achieve the goals. A research model of marketing activities has been developed, which includes three characteristics of the enterprise: its type, size (number of employees) and the main type of activity(production).The types of marketing activity are identified in the study. They were all divided into six groups (product management, price management, distribution, communications, marketing research, marketing planning), four of which represent elementsof the typical marketing mix, and the others cover marketing planning and marketing research.According to the assessments of senior and middle managers, the marketing function of price management was found to be less important than marketing planning andproduct management. Communication was rated as less important than product management.Ratings of the importance of some marketing activities also differed depending on the size of the company, with managers of small companies (up to 50 employees) rating marketing planning and marketing research as less important to them than managers of large companies. The management of a company that bases its main strategy on price indicated a greaterimportance of price management than other companies. The assessment of the importance of marketing activities also varied depending on the presence of a marketing department at the enterprise. Managers of enterprises that had a marketing department rated the importance of almost all marketing activities higher than did managers of enterprises that did not have a separate marketing department.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES AT ENTERPRISES: A MANAGEMENT APPROACH","authors":"Ludmila Batsenko, Roman Halenin, Oleh Sheludko","doi":"10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the importance of marketing activities at the enterprise from the point of view of top and middle managers. One of the factors that ensures the effective functioning of enterprises is its management of marketing activities, as well as the understanding that marketing plays a key role in achieving great business success. The main stages of the marketing plan and specific marketing measures are highlighted, which will allow the enterprise to effectively manage marketing activities in order to achieve the goals. A research model of marketing activities has been developed, which includes three characteristics of the enterprise: its type, size (number of employees) and the main type of activity(production).The types of marketing activity are identified in the study. They were all divided into six groups (product management, price management, distribution, communications, marketing research, marketing planning), four of which represent elementsof the typical marketing mix, and the others cover marketing planning and marketing research.According to the assessments of senior and middle managers, the marketing function of price management was found to be less important than marketing planning andproduct management. Communication was rated as less important than product management.Ratings of the importance of some marketing activities also differed depending on the size of the company, with managers of small companies (up to 50 employees) rating marketing planning and marketing research as less important to them than managers of large companies. The management of a company that bases its main strategy on price indicated a greaterimportance of price management than other companies. The assessment of the importance of marketing activities also varied depending on the presence of a marketing department at the enterprise. Managers of enterprises that had a marketing department rated the importance of almost all marketing activities higher than did managers of enterprises that did not have a separate marketing department.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80749950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-20-32
S. Derevianko, Viktoria Murha
The article is devoted to the problematic issues of economic essence and classification of operations on rent (leasing) of enterprise property. The legal regulation of lease accounting in Ukraine is carried out by a number of national regulations and international accounting standards. Each legislative document reveals the concept of lease in accordance with the scope of its application. Having considered the content of lease relations, one can observe certain contradictions of their economic and legal essence. For the needs of accounting, the regulatory framework is National Accounting Standard (NAS) 14, according to which rent and leasing are equivalent concepts, but this equality is incorrect from a legal point of view. Tax legislation also identifies these concepts. The study of the classification of lease (leasing) operations allowed to draw conclusions about the similarity of the options and features proposed by domestic and foreign scientists. The disadvantages of the studied classifications are insignificant changes in definitions, the formation of distribution by features that do not meet the needs of accounting. For a correct understanding of the classification of lease transactions, it is necessary to be guided by the need to reflect the lease in the accounting accounts for the possibility of drawing up reliable financial and management reports of the enterprise.Division of lease by periodicity, peculiarities of use, object of property are not essential for accounting and management accounting at the enterprise. To improve the reliability and accuracy of financial and management reporting, it is necessary to study in depth the essence of lease transactions and their reflection in accounting. Proposalsfor improving existing classifications are presented, which will contribute to the effective organization of accounting, control and analysis of lease operations at the enterprise. The developments can be used in the theoretical substantiation and practical development of the methodology for classification of lease (leasing) operations at Ukrainian enterprises.
{"title":"THE ESSENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATIONS ONRENT (LEASING) OF PROPERTY OF THE ENTERPRISE","authors":"S. Derevianko, Viktoria Murha","doi":"10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-20-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-20-32","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problematic issues of economic essence and classification of operations on rent (leasing) of enterprise property. The legal regulation of lease accounting in Ukraine is carried out by a number of national regulations and international accounting standards. Each legislative document reveals the concept of lease in accordance with the scope of its application. Having considered the content of lease relations, one can observe certain contradictions of their economic and legal essence. For the needs of accounting, the regulatory framework is National Accounting Standard (NAS) 14, according to which rent and leasing are equivalent concepts, but this equality is incorrect from a legal point of view. Tax legislation also identifies these concepts. The study of the classification of lease (leasing) operations allowed to draw conclusions about the similarity of the options and features proposed by domestic and foreign scientists. The disadvantages of the studied classifications are insignificant changes in definitions, the formation of distribution by features that do not meet the needs of accounting. For a correct understanding of the classification of lease transactions, it is necessary to be guided by the need to reflect the lease in the accounting accounts for the possibility of drawing up reliable financial and management reports of the enterprise.Division of lease by periodicity, peculiarities of use, object of property are not essential for accounting and management accounting at the enterprise. To improve the reliability and accuracy of financial and management reporting, it is necessary to study in depth the essence of lease transactions and their reflection in accounting. Proposalsfor improving existing classifications are presented, which will contribute to the effective organization of accounting, control and analysis of lease operations at the enterprise. The developments can be used in the theoretical substantiation and practical development of the methodology for classification of lease (leasing) operations at Ukrainian enterprises.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87217259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.32703/0.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-41-51
Taras Kushnir
The final assessment ofwar losses may not be available until some time after the end of the war, but this does not mean that any interim assessment is meaningless. Ukraine's losses from the war are not only losses of infrastructure, movable or immovable property destroyed as aresult of hostilities. After all, the infrastructure can be restored, houses and factories can be rebuilt. The most valuable losses from war are the losses of people who give their lives for their land. Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital.Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital. The difficulty in estimating such losses lies in the fact that official information is not published. Only some fragments of information are sometimes voiced by state officials.Methods: The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, synthesis, and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Razumkov Center, Gradus Research Company, EWL Migration Platform, EWL Migrant Support Fund on the Labor Market, and the Center for East European Studies of the University of Warsaw.Results: We can identify themain reasons for the loss of the population of Ukraine: 1. The first reason for the reduction of the population is high mortality during the war and the increase in mortality in the post-war period due to injuries and wounds received in the war, as well asdue to experienced stresses and psychological problems. 2. Decreasing birth rate due to the effects of war and likely decreasing birth rate due to fewer women of reproductive age. 3. "Aging" of the population. 4. Loss of territory. 5. Migration factor. 6.Deportation.Discussion: Instead, in addition to losses, Ukraine received international recognition and international subjectivity, increased national self-awareness of citizens, complete derussification of society, more competent citizens and a powerfulvolunteer movement, which has no analogues in the world.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC LOSSES OF UKRAINE AS A RESULT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR","authors":"Taras Kushnir","doi":"10.32703/0.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-41-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/0.32703/2664-2964-2022-52-41-51","url":null,"abstract":"The final assessment ofwar losses may not be available until some time after the end of the war, but this does not mean that any interim assessment is meaningless. Ukraine's losses from the war are not only losses of infrastructure, movable or immovable property destroyed as aresult of hostilities. After all, the infrastructure can be restored, houses and factories can be rebuilt. The most valuable losses from war are the losses of people who give their lives for their land. Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital.Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital. The difficulty in estimating such losses lies in the fact that official information is not published. Only some fragments of information are sometimes voiced by state officials.Methods: The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, synthesis, and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Razumkov Center, Gradus Research Company, EWL Migration Platform, EWL Migrant Support Fund on the Labor Market, and the Center for East European Studies of the University of Warsaw.Results: We can identify themain reasons for the loss of the population of Ukraine: 1. The first reason for the reduction of the population is high mortality during the war and the increase in mortality in the post-war period due to injuries and wounds received in the war, as well asdue to experienced stresses and psychological problems. 2. Decreasing birth rate due to the effects of war and likely decreasing birth rate due to fewer women of reproductive age. 3. \"Aging\" of the population. 4. Loss of territory. 5. Migration factor. 6.Deportation.Discussion: Instead, in addition to losses, Ukraine received international recognition and international subjectivity, increased national self-awareness of citizens, complete derussification of society, more competent citizens and a powerfulvolunteer movement, which has no analogues in the world.","PeriodicalId":33465,"journal":{"name":"Zbirnik naukovikh prats'' Derzhavnogo universitetu infrastrukturi ta tekhnologii seriia Transportni sistemi i tekhnologiyi","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75577380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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