Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.003
Luo Xiaoying , Yang Yang , Mao Xinyong , Song Gengqing , Liu Qian , Jiang Tianyuan , Wei Wei
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD).
Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched to collect randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of FD treated with TCM compounds. The search duration was from the establishment of the database to March 2, 2021. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the bias risk included in the study, they used RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 23 clinical trials were included, including 2 898 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the overall remission rate of FD treated with TCM compounds was significantly higher than that of placebo (73.8% vs. 46.2%) [RR = 1.50, 95% CI (1.29, 1.76), P < 0.000 01]. Among the single symptoms, TCM compounds were superior to the placebo in improving epigastric pain [MD =-0.99, 95% CI (-1.37,-0.61), P < 0.000 01], epigastric burning sensation [MD =-0.32, 95% CI (-0.59,-0.05), P = 0.02], postprandial fullness discomfort [MD = -1.59, 95% CI (-1.96, -1.21), P < 0.000 01], and early satiety symptoms [MD = -0.93, 95% CI (-1.32, -0.54), P < 0.000 01]. Compared with the placebo, TCM compounds treatment can obviously improve TCM syndrome in patients with FD [MD = -5.58, 95% CI (-7.55,-3.61), P < 0.000 01], gastric emptying rate [MD = 12. 22, 95% CI (8.90, 15.55), P < 0.00001], and helped to improve patients' quality of life [MD = 11.27, 95% CI (0.10, 22.43), P = 0.05]. No severe adverse events were reported between the two groups [RR = 1.34, 95% CI (0.91, 1.96), P = 0.14].
Conclusion
Our results showed that TCM compounds treatment could significantly alleviate FD symptoms, improve gastric emptying in FD patients, and help to improve their quality of life. No severe adverse reactions have been reported in clinical applications. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
目的评价中药复方治疗功能性消化不良(FD)的疗效和安全性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)、万方数据、中国知网(CNKI)和中国科技期刊数据库(VIP)，收集中药复方治疗FD的随机、双盲和安慰剂对照试验。检索时间为数据库建立至2021年3月2日。两位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料、评估纳入研究的偏倚风险后，使用RevMan 5.4软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入23项临床试验，纳入患者2 898例。meta分析显示，中药复方治疗FD的总缓解率显著高于安慰剂组(73.8% vs 46.2%) [RR = 1.50, 95% CI (1.29, 1.76)， P <0.000 01]。在单一症状中，中药复方在改善胃脘痛方面优于安慰剂[MD =-0.99, 95% CI (-1.37，-0.61)， P <0.000 01]、上胃烧灼感[MD =-0.32, 95% CI (-0.59，-0.05)， P = 0.02]、餐后饱腹不适[MD = -1.59, 95% CI (-1.96， -1.21)， P <0.000 01]和早期饱腹症状[MD = -0.93, 95% CI (-1.32， -0.54)， P <0.000 01]。与安慰剂相比，中药复方治疗可明显改善FD患者中医证候[MD = -5.58, 95% CI (-7.55，-3.61)， P <0.000 01]，胃排空率[MD = 12]。22, 95% CI (8.90, 15.55)， P <0.00001]，有助于改善患者的生活质量[MD = 11.27, 95% CI (0.10, 22.43)， P = 0.05]。两组间无严重不良事件发生[RR = 1.34, 95% CI (0.91, 1.96)， P = 0.14]。结论中药复方治疗可明显缓解FD患者的症状，改善FD患者的胃排空，提高患者的生活质量。临床应用中未见严重不良反应的报道。由于纳入研究的数量和质量的限制，上述结论需要更多高质量的研究来验证。
{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: an updated meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials","authors":"Luo Xiaoying , Yang Yang , Mao Xinyong , Song Gengqing , Liu Qian , Jiang Tianyuan , Wei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched to collect randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of FD treated with TCM compounds. The search duration was from the establishment of the database to March 2, 2021. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the bias risk included in the study, they used RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 23 clinical trials were included, including 2 898 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the overall remission rate of FD treated with TCM compounds was significantly higher than that of placebo (73.8% vs. 46.2%) [RR = 1.50, 95% CI (1.29, 1.76), <em>P</em> < 0.000 01]. Among the single symptoms, TCM compounds were superior to the placebo in improving epigastric pain [MD =-0.99, 95% CI (-1.37,-0.61), <em>P</em> < 0.000 01], epigastric burning sensation [MD =-0.32, 95% CI (-0.59,-0.05), <em>P</em> = 0.02], postprandial fullness discomfort [MD = -1.59, 95% CI (-1.96, -1.21), <em>P</em> < 0.000 01], and early satiety symptoms [MD = -0.93, 95% CI (-1.32, -0.54), <em>P</em> < 0.000 01]. Compared with the placebo, TCM compounds treatment can obviously improve TCM syndrome in patients with FD [MD = -5.58, 95% CI (-7.55,-3.61), <em>P</em> < 0.000 01], gastric emptying rate [MD = 12. 22, 95% CI (8.90, 15.55), <em>P</em> < 0.00001], and helped to improve patients' quality of life [MD = 11.27, 95% CI (0.10, 22.43), <em>P</em> = 0.05]. No severe adverse events were reported between the two groups [RR = 1.34, 95% CI (0.91, 1.96), <em>P</em> = 0.14].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results showed that TCM compounds treatment could significantly alleviate FD symptoms, improve gastric emptying in FD patients, and help to improve their quality of life. No severe adverse reactions have been reported in clinical applications. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377721000471/pdfft?md5=d6dd4248d94f0d283fe5a6d3eb1826d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377721000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83795238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.003
Subhash R. Yende , Sapan K. Shah , Sumit K. Arora , Keshav S. Moharir , Govind K. Lohiya
Objective
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving the synovial lining of the major joints. Current therapies have noteworthy side effects. Our study involved in silico evaluation of Ehretia laevis (E. laevis) phytoconstituents targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).
Methods
Molecular docking studies performed to investigate the binding pattern of the plant E. laevis phytoconstituents along with the crystal structure of TNF-α (PDB ID: 2AZ5) using AutoDock Vina followed by a study of interacting amino acid residues and their influence on the inhibitory potentials of the active constituents. Further the pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity screening carried out using SwissADME and pkCSM.
Results
The docked results suggest that lupeol (− 9.4 kcal/mol) and α-amyrin (− 9.4 kcal/mol) has best affinity towards TNF-α compared to standard drug thalidomide (− 7.4 kcal/mol). The active chemical constituents represents better interaction with the conserved catalytic residues, leading to the inhibition/blockade of the TNF-α-associated signaling pathway in RA. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and toxicity parameters of these phytochemicals were within acceptable limits according to ADMET studies.
Conclusion
The binding potential of phytoconstituents targeting TNF-α showed promising results. Nonetheless, it encourages the traditional use of E. laevis and provides vital information on drug development and clinical treatment.
{"title":"In silico prediction of phytoconstituents from Ehretia laevis targeting TNF-α in arthritis","authors":"Subhash R. Yende , Sapan K. Shah , Sumit K. Arora , Keshav S. Moharir , Govind K. Lohiya","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving the synovial lining of the major joints. Current therapies have noteworthy side effects. Our study involved <em>in silico</em> evaluation of <em>Ehretia laevis</em> (<em>E. laevis</em>) phytoconstituents targeting tumor necrosis factor-<em>α</em> (TNF-<em>α</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Molecular docking studies performed to investigate the binding pattern of the plant <em>E. laevis</em> phytoconstituents along with the crystal structure of TNF-<em>α</em> (PDB ID: 2AZ5) using AutoDock Vina followed by a study of interacting amino acid residues and their influence on the inhibitory potentials of the active constituents. Further the pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity screening carried out using SwissADME and pkCSM.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The docked results suggest that lupeol (− 9.4 kcal/mol) and <em>α</em>-amyrin (− 9.4 kcal/mol) has best affinity towards TNF-<em>α</em> compared to standard drug thalidomide (− 7.4 kcal/mol). The active chemical constituents represents better interaction with the conserved catalytic residues, leading to the inhibition/blockade of the TNF-<em>α</em>-associated signaling pathway in RA. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and toxicity parameters of these phytochemicals were within acceptable limits according to ADMET studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The binding potential of phytoconstituents targeting TNF-<em>α</em> showed promising results. Nonetheless, it encourages the traditional use of <em>E. laevis</em> and provides vital information on drug development and clinical treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377721000318/pdfft?md5=4b53abc9a35b066bd74795d91b60a0cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377721000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87946680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.004
SHENG Mengke , LIU Xing , LIAO Yuyao , LI Zhixun , LYU Lijing , YANG Jiaqi , SHI Xinyuan
Objective
To investigate the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction (三拗汤, SAD) in treating chronic cough based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.
Methods
Active components and their targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems and Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database, and the literature. The component-target regulatory network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2, and a bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the significant pathways and their relevant targets. Molecular docking of the core active components and relevant targets was performed.
Results
A total of 98 active components of SAD and the corresponding 113 drug targets were identified. The component-target regulatory network and PPI network were successfully established. Results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that 2 281 Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in chronic cough, including 2 062 terms were in biological processes, 77 in cellular components, and 142 in molecular functions, and top 20 significant pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Molecular docking study demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and naringenin were in good agreement with the corresponding targets.
Conclusion
The active compounds of SAD, such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and naringenin, may act on AKT1, MAPK1, RELA, EGFR, and Bcl-2 and regulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway to exert the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-airway remodeling, anti-oxidant stress effects, and repair airway damage, thus treating chronic cough.
{"title":"Investigation of the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction in treating chronic cough by network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"SHENG Mengke , LIU Xing , LIAO Yuyao , LI Zhixun , LYU Lijing , YANG Jiaqi , SHI Xinyuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction (三拗汤, SAD) in treating chronic cough based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Active components and their targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems and Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database, and the literature. The component-target regulatory network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2, and a bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the significant pathways and their relevant targets. Molecular docking of the core active components and relevant targets was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 98 active components of SAD and the corresponding 113 drug targets were identified. The component-target regulatory network and PPI network were successfully established. Results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that 2 281 Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in chronic cough, including 2 062 terms were in biological processes, 77 in cellular components, and 142 in molecular functions, and top 20 significant pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Molecular docking study demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and naringenin were in good agreement with the corresponding targets.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The active compounds of SAD, such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and naringenin, may act on AKT1, MAPK1, RELA, EGFR, and Bcl-2 and regulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway to exert the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-airway remodeling, anti-oxidant stress effects, and repair airway damage, thus treating chronic cough.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772100032X/pdfft?md5=b2541462617e60f926cfb53fdd773ac5&pid=1-s2.0-S258937772100032X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89951095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.006
Liu Deguo , Li Zirong , Chen Qihua , Wang Yuhong , Xiao Changjiang
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of the Pingyang Jiangya Formula (平阳降压方, PYJYF) in treating hypertension, based on network pharmacology, and to verify the subsequent predictions through animal experiments.
Methods
The active components and related target genes of PYJYF were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM), Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), and DrugBank databases and available literature. The hypertension target genes were screened based on Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), UniProt, and relevant literature. The component-disease-target network intersection target genes were inputted into the STRING database, and the key target genes were selected according to the degree algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the multitarget mechanism of action and molecular regulatory network of PYJYF in the treatment of hypertension. To verify this prediction, we used PYJYF to intervene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) as normal control, and the noninvasive tail artery manometry method was used to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the rat tail before PYJYF intervention. After drug intervention, the SBP of each group rats were measured and compared every week. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (Ald) levels, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological damage to the renal vessels in each group of rats. Western blot and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT1, BAX, and Bcl-2, respectively.
Results
A total of 4 123 hypertension targets were obtained from related databases. From the TCMSP and chemical databases, 78 active components of PYJYF and the corresponding 401 drug targets were retrieved. Data analysis revealed that 208 drug targets directly interacted with the hypertension targets in PYJYF. The 10 targets most closely related to hypertension target proteins in PYJYF were directly retrieved from relevant databases. GO analysis revealed that 10 direct target proteins were involved in all aspects of the antihypertensive effects of PYJYF, as well as molecular biological processes, such as the regulation of blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin-mediated ligand reactions, and biological stimulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that PYJYF directly affected 20 signaling pathways associated with hypertension. In animal
{"title":"Mechanism of Pingyang Jiangya Formula in treating hypertension based on network pharmacology and in vivo study","authors":"Liu Deguo , Li Zirong , Chen Qihua , Wang Yuhong , Xiao Changjiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of the Pingyang Jiangya Formula (平阳降压方, PYJYF) in treating hypertension, based on network pharmacology, and to verify the subsequent predictions through animal experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The active components and related target genes of PYJYF were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM), Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), and DrugBank databases and available literature. The hypertension target genes were screened based on Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), UniProt, and relevant literature. The component-disease-target network intersection target genes were inputted into the STRING database, and the key target genes were selected according to the degree algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the multitarget mechanism of action and molecular regulatory network of PYJYF in the treatment of hypertension. To verify this prediction, we used PYJYF to intervene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) as normal control, and the noninvasive tail artery manometry method was used to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the rat tail before PYJYF intervention. After drug intervention, the SBP of each group rats were measured and compared every week. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (Ald) levels, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological damage to the renal vessels in each group of rats. Western blot and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT1, BAX, and Bcl-2, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 4 123 hypertension targets were obtained from related databases. From the TCMSP and chemical databases, 78 active components of PYJYF and the corresponding 401 drug targets were retrieved. Data analysis revealed that 208 drug targets directly interacted with the hypertension targets in PYJYF. The 10 targets most closely related to hypertension target proteins in PYJYF were directly retrieved from relevant databases. GO analysis revealed that 10 direct target proteins were involved in all aspects of the antihypertensive effects of PYJYF, as well as molecular biological processes, such as the regulation of blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin-mediated ligand reactions, and biological stimulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that PYJYF directly affected 20 signaling pathways associated with hypertension. In animal","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377721000343/pdfft?md5=bea7367fac2a14d4d42c86ee1d00a60d&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377721000343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72791319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.001
Christian Bailly
Phytolacca
(Shanglu) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years in China. Phytolacca is also used worldwide in different traditional phyto-medicines and homeopathic preparations. The present work reviewed advances in the traditional uses, plant origin, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and medicinal properties of Phytolacca. Phytolacca is usually made from the roots of Phytolacca acinosa and P. esculenta, but the invasive plant P. americana (American pokeweed) is also widely used. Different types of medicinal products made with Phytolacca are available, as well as various types of Phytolacca extracts, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antifungal, anticancer, and insecticidal effects. The marked anti-inflammatory activity of Phytolacca extracts supports its use in treating diseases such as arthritis, nephritis, and rheumatism, as well as in combatting cancer. Several bioactive natural products have been identified from Phytolacca, including glycosylated saponins such as esculentosides and phytolaccosides, as well as a few flavones (cochliophilin A) and phytosterols (α-spinasterol), which contribute to Phytolacca’s anti-inflammatory and/or anticancer effects. A quality evaluation of Phytolacca-based extracts and products is highly recommended; nevertheless, the use of Phytolacca can be encouraged to help regulate cytokine production and combat inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"Medicinal properties and anti-inflammatory components of Phytolacca (Shanglu)","authors":"Christian Bailly","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Phytolacca</h3><p>(Shanglu) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years in China. <em>Phytolacca</em> is also used worldwide in different traditional phyto-medicines and homeopathic preparations. The present work reviewed advances in the traditional uses, plant origin, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and medicinal properties of <em>Phytolacca</em>. <em>Phytolacca</em> is usually made from the roots of <em>Phytolacca acinosa</em> and <em>P. esculenta</em>, but the invasive plant <em>P. americana</em> (American pokeweed) is also widely used. Different types of medicinal products made with <em>Phytolacca</em> are available, as well as various types of <em>Phytolacca</em> extracts, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antifungal, anticancer, and insecticidal effects. The marked anti-inflammatory activity of <em>Phytolacca</em> extracts supports its use in treating diseases such as arthritis, nephritis, and rheumatism, as well as in combatting cancer. Several bioactive natural products have been identified from <em>Phytolacca</em>, including glycosylated saponins such as esculentosides and phytolaccosides, as well as a few flavones (cochliophilin A) and phytosterols (<em>α</em>-spinasterol), which contribute to <em>Phytolacca</em>’s anti-inflammatory and/or anticancer effects. A quality evaluation of <em>Phytolacca</em>-based extracts and products is highly recommended; nevertheless, the use of <em>Phytolacca</em> can be encouraged to help regulate cytokine production and combat inflammatory diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772100029X/pdfft?md5=b2236085c17d38f9794af6a425fd5f55&pid=1-s2.0-S258937772100029X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75364959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.002
XIA Yu , LI Xin , MAN Rongyong , WANG Aibing , CAO Jianzhong
Objective
There are many clinical reports on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with nucleoside (acid) analogues (NAs) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its efficacy and safety are not completely clear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety thus providing evidence for clinical applications.
Methods
We searched Chinese databases the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), as well as English databases PubMed and Cochrane Library, from time of establishment to April 14, 2021. Literature quality was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment criteria of Cochrane Collaboration network. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to perform this research.
Results
A total of 23 articles, 3 282 patients, and 25 TCM prescriptions were included in this study. NAs plus TCM remarkably improved the clinical total effective rate [Odds ratio (OR) = 3.92, P < 0.000 01], TCM syndrome score (Mean difference = − 3.73, P < 0.000 01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negative conversion rate (OR = 1.49, P = 0.000 1), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) negative conversion rate (OR = 2.03, P < 0.000 01), alanine aminotransferase levels [Std mean difference (SMD) = − 0.95, P < 0.000 01], and aspartate aminotransferase levels (SMD = − 0.70, P = 0.000 4). Adverse reaction rates did not increase in the combined treatment group (OR = 0.97, P = 0.84). A comprehensive analysis of the 25 TCM prescriptions suggested that the combination of spleen-strengthening prescriptions with NAs showed better effects than other prescriptions.
Conclusion
TCM in combination with NAs, demonstrated better clinical efficacy against CHB than NAs alone. In addition, the combination of spleen-strengthening prescriptions and NAs was identified as the best therapeutic strategy. However, more randomized controlled trials of high quality are needed to provide more reliable clinical basis for the application of TCM.
目的中药联合核苷(酸)类似物治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床报道较多，但其疗效和安全性尚不完全清楚。本荟萃分析旨在评价其临床疗效和安全性，为临床应用提供依据。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据、中国科技期刊库(VIP)等中文数据库，以及PubMed、Cochrane Library等英文数据库，检索时间为研究成立至2021年4月14日。根据Cochrane协作网的偏倚风险评估标准评价文献质量。本研究采用RevMan 5.3和Stata 12.0软件进行。结果共纳入文献23篇，患者3 282例，中药处方25个。NAs联合中药显著提高临床总有效率[优势比(OR) = 3.92, P <0.000 01]，中医证候评分(平均差异= - 3.73,P <乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) DNA阴性转换率(OR = 1.49, P = 0.000 1)、乙型肝炎抗原(HBeAg)阴性转换率(OR = 2.03, P <0.000 01)，丙氨酸转氨酶水平[Std平均差(SMD) = - 0.95, P <[0.000 01]、天冬氨酸转氨酶水平(SMD = - 0.70, P = 0.000 4)。联合治疗组不良反应发生率未增加(OR = 0.97, P = 0.84)。综合分析25个中药方剂，健脾方与NAs合用疗效优于其他方剂。结论中药联合NAs治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效优于单用NAs。此外，健脾方联合NAs是最佳治疗策略。然而，需要更多高质量的随机对照试验，为中医药的应用提供更可靠的临床依据。
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of TCM prescriptions combined with nucleoside (acid) analogues in treating chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis","authors":"XIA Yu , LI Xin , MAN Rongyong , WANG Aibing , CAO Jianzhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>There are many clinical reports on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with nucleoside (acid) analogues (NAs) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its efficacy and safety are not completely clear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety thus providing evidence for clinical applications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Chinese databases the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), as well as English databases PubMed and Cochrane Library, from time of establishment to April 14, 2021. Literature quality was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment criteria of Cochrane Collaboration network. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to perform this research.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 23 articles, 3 282 patients, and 25 TCM prescriptions were included in this study. NAs plus TCM remarkably improved the clinical total effective rate [Odds ratio (OR) = 3.92, <em>P</em> < 0.000 01], TCM syndrome score (Mean difference = − 3.73, <em>P</em> < 0.000 01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negative conversion rate (OR = 1.49, <em>P</em> = 0.000 1), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) negative conversion rate (OR = 2.03, <em>P</em> < 0.000 01), alanine aminotransferase levels [Std mean difference (SMD) = − 0.95, <em>P</em> < 0.000 01], and aspartate aminotransferase levels (SMD = − 0.70, <em>P</em> = 0.000 4). Adverse reaction rates did not increase in the combined treatment group (OR = 0.97, <em>P</em> = 0.84). A comprehensive analysis of the 25 TCM prescriptions suggested that the combination of spleen-strengthening prescriptions with NAs showed better effects than other prescriptions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>TCM in combination with NAs, demonstrated better clinical efficacy against CHB than NAs alone. In addition, the combination of spleen-strengthening prescriptions and NAs was identified as the best therapeutic strategy. However, more randomized controlled trials of high quality are needed to provide more reliable clinical basis for the application of TCM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377721000306/pdfft?md5=0dc3e341b7edc153cf3e8facef3ebff5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377721000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Segmentation of blood vessels becomes an essential step in computer aided diagnosis system for the diseases in several departments of ophthalmology, neurosurgery, oncology, cardiology, and laryngology. Aiming at the problem of insufficient segmentation of small blood vessels by existing methods, a novel method based on multi-module fusion residual neural network model (MF2ResU-Net) was proposed. In the proposed networks, to obtain refined features of vessels, three cascade connected U-Net networks were employed as main networks. To deal with the problem of over-fitting, residual paths were used in main networks. In the blocks of U-Net in MF2ResU-Net, in order to remove the semantic difference in low-level and high-level, shortcut connections were used to combine the encoder layers and decoder layers in the blocks. Furthermore, atrous spatial pyramid pooling was embedded between the encoder and decoder to achieve multi-scale feature of blood vessels. During the training of the networks, to deal with the imbalance between background and foreground, a novel joint loss function was proposed based on the dice and cost- sensitive, which could greatly reduce the impact of unbalance in classes of samples. In experiment section, two retinal datasets, DRIVE and CHASE DB1, were used to test our method, and experiments showed that MF2ResU-Net was superior to existing methods on the criteria of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), accuracy (Acc), and area under curve (AUC), the values of which are 0.8013 and 0.8102, 0.9842 and 0.9809, 0.9700 and 0.9776, and 0.9797 and 0.9837 respectively for DRIVE and CHASE DB1. The results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the model in the segmentation of complex curvature and small blood vessels.
{"title":"MF2ResU-Net: A Multi-Feature Fusion Deep Learning Architecture for Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation","authors":"Zhenchao Cui, Shujie Song, Liping Chen, Xiangyang Chen, Jing Qi","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-627790/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-627790/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Segmentation of blood vessels becomes an essential step in computer aided diagnosis system for the diseases in several departments of ophthalmology, neurosurgery, oncology, cardiology, and laryngology. Aiming at the problem of insufficient segmentation of small blood vessels by existing methods, a novel method based on multi-module fusion residual neural network model (MF2ResU-Net) was proposed. In the proposed networks, to obtain refined features of vessels, three cascade connected U-Net networks were employed as main networks. To deal with the problem of over-fitting, residual paths were used in main networks. In the blocks of U-Net in MF2ResU-Net, in order to remove the semantic difference in low-level and high-level, shortcut connections were used to combine the encoder layers and decoder layers in the blocks. Furthermore, atrous spatial pyramid pooling was embedded between the encoder and decoder to achieve multi-scale feature of blood vessels. During the training of the networks, to deal with the imbalance between background and foreground, a novel joint loss function was proposed based on the dice and cost- sensitive, which could greatly reduce the impact of unbalance in classes of samples. In experiment section, two retinal datasets, DRIVE and CHASE DB1, were used to test our method, and experiments showed that MF2ResU-Net was superior to existing methods on the criteria of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), accuracy (Acc), and area under curve (AUC), the values of which are 0.8013 and 0.8102, 0.9842 and 0.9809, 0.9700 and 0.9776, and 0.9797 and 0.9837 respectively for DRIVE and CHASE DB1. The results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the model in the segmentation of complex curvature and small blood vessels.","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81997050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to compare the mechanisms and efficacies of five formulas that improve blood circulation and remove blood stasis.
Methods
(1) A network pharmacology method was used to determine the targets of five formulas that promote circulation and remove blood stasis. Compounds of the five formulas, namely Danshen Yin (丹参饮, DSY), Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (活络效灵丹, HLXLD), Shixiao San (失笑散, SXS), Taohong Siwu Tang (桃红四物汤, THSWT), and Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (血府逐瘀汤, XFZYT), were retrieved from the Traditonal Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS, and the TCM Integrated Database. Drug target network was constructed by searching the Swiss Target Prediction database and the STITCH database. The target network of stasis was extracted from the PharmGKB database, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, the Genetic Association Database (GAD), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Candidate targets were determined using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network extension and topology selection. Thereafter, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to determine the differentiation of the mechanism of the five formulas. (2) Animal experiments were conducted to explore the efficacies of the five formulas in treating blood stasis. Seventy New Zealand rabbits were exposed to high-fat feeding + epinephrine injection to construct a blood stasis syndrome model. The rabbits were evenly divided into control, model, DSY, HLXLD, SXS, THSWT, and XFZYT groups. The latter five groups were orally administered the corresponding formulas [DSY: 3.92 g/(kg·d), XFZYT: 7.10 g/(kg·d), SXS: 1.12 g/(kg·d), HLXLD: 5.60 g/(kg·d), THSWT: 4.48 g/(kg·d)]. Serum lipid and blood rheology were analyzed, and pathology slices were observed.
Results
(1) A total of 269, 358, 288, 370, and 376 candidate targets of DSY, HLXLD, SXS, THSWT, and XFZYT were obtained among which were 232 shared candidate targets. Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis were the biological processes common to the five formulas. HLXLD, SXS, DSY, and THSWT regulated lipolysis in adipocytes, and XFZYT, HLXLD, SXS, and THSWT regulated the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and complement and coagulation cascades. HLXLD, SXS, and XFZYT regulated the HIF-1 signaling pathway, DSY regulated the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, HLXLD reduced platelet activation, SXS regulated the calcium signaling pathway, and XFZYT regulated the PPAR signaling pathway. (2) In the animal experiments, the values of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), TC/HDL, and TG/HDL in each group decreased, among which the ones seen in XFZYT, HLXLD, and SXS groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). XFZYT presented the best effect, followed by HLXLD and SXS. XFZYT and HLXL
{"title":"Comparison of mechanisms and efficacies of five formulas for improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis","authors":"L.I. Jinxia , Z.H.O.U. Xiaoqing , Z.H.E.N.G. Caixing , L.A.I. Lina , L.I. Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to compare the mechanisms and efficacies of five formulas that improve blood circulation and remove blood stasis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>(1) A network pharmacology method was used to determine the targets of five formulas that promote circulation and remove blood stasis. Compounds of the five formulas, namely Danshen Yin (丹参饮, DSY), Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (活络效灵丹, HLXLD), Shixiao San (失笑散, SXS), Taohong Siwu Tang (桃红四物汤, THSWT), and Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (血府逐瘀汤, XFZYT), were retrieved from the Traditonal Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS, and the TCM Integrated Database. Drug target network was constructed by searching the Swiss Target Prediction database and the STITCH database. The target network of stasis was extracted from the PharmGKB database, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, the Genetic Association Database (GAD), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Candidate targets were determined using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network extension and topology selection. Thereafter, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to determine the differentiation of the mechanism of the five formulas. (2) Animal experiments were conducted to explore the efficacies of the five formulas in treating blood stasis. Seventy New Zealand rabbits were exposed to high-fat feeding + epinephrine injection to construct a blood stasis syndrome model. The rabbits were evenly divided into control, model, DSY, HLXLD, SXS, THSWT, and XFZYT groups. The latter five groups were orally administered the corresponding formulas [DSY: 3.92 g/(kg·d), XFZYT: 7.10 g/(kg·d), SXS: 1.12 g/(kg·d), HLXLD: 5.60 g/(kg·d), THSWT: 4.48 g/(kg·d)]. Serum lipid and blood rheology were analyzed, and pathology slices were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(1) A total of 269, 358, 288, 370, and 376 candidate targets of DSY, HLXLD, SXS, THSWT, and XFZYT were obtained among which were 232 shared candidate targets. Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis were the biological processes common to the five formulas. HLXLD, SXS, DSY, and THSWT regulated lipolysis in adipocytes, and XFZYT, HLXLD, SXS, and THSWT regulated the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and complement and coagulation cascades. HLXLD, SXS, and XFZYT regulated the HIF-1 signaling pathway, DSY regulated the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, HLXLD reduced platelet activation, SXS regulated the calcium signaling pathway, and XFZYT regulated the PPAR signaling pathway. (2) In the animal experiments, the values of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), TC/HDL, and TG/HDL in each group decreased, among which the ones seen in XFZYT, HLXLD, and SXS groups were statistically significant (<em>P</em> < 0.05). XFZYT presented the best effect, followed by HLXLD and SXS. XFZYT and HLXL","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90429988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.002
Xiao Li , Ma Ning , Lai Han , Yan Junfeng , Peng Qinghua
Objective
To analyze the intellectual structure, hotspots and trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in immune regulation research.
Methods
The data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and verified by two experienced TCM researchers. The time of literature retrieval is up to 2020. CiteSpace 5.7.R1 and Microsoft Excel 2016 were used for the statistical analysis and bibliometric diagrams, including the co-occurrence network of authors, institutions, countries, keywords, references, dual-map overlays of journals and citation bursts, etc.
Results
A total of 12 270 publications related to TCM in immune regulation were included. The annual number of publications has increased in this field. There was close cooperation of countries and institutions, while the distribution of scholars was scattered. China was the core of the cooperation network. The dual-map overlays analysis of journals showed that core and marginal fields had increased. The keywords and references analysis showed that network pharmacology, metabolism and cancer were the most high-frequency keywords with high-intensity bursts.
Conclusion
TCM in immune regulation has attracted wider attention, with multi-country, multi-field, multi-disciplinary and multi-level research developing toward informatization. Network pharmacology, metabolism and cancer may be the focus of future research in this field.
目的分析中药在免疫调节领域的知识结构、研究热点和发展趋势。方法数据从中国科学网(Web of Science Core Collection, WoSCC)和中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)中提取，并由两名经验丰富的中医研究人员进行验证。文献检索时间到2020年。CiteSpace 5.7。采用R1和Microsoft Excel 2016进行统计分析和文献计量图，包括作者、机构、国家、关键词、参考文献、期刊双图叠加、引文爆发等共现网络。结果共纳入中医药免疫调节相关文献12 270篇。这一领域每年的出版物数量有所增加。国家和机构之间的合作密切，而学者的分布却是分散的。中国是合作网络的核心。双图叠加分析表明，核心油田和边缘油田有所增加。关键词和文献分析显示，网络药理学、代谢和癌症是高强度爆发频率最高的关键词。结论中医药在免疫调节中的应用已受到越来越广泛的关注，多国家、多领域、多学科、多层次的研究正朝着信息化方向发展。网络药理学、代谢和癌症可能是该领域未来研究的重点。
{"title":"Analysis of the hotspots and trends in traditional Chinese medicine immunomodulation research based on bibliometrics","authors":"Xiao Li , Ma Ning , Lai Han , Yan Junfeng , Peng Qinghua","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the intellectual structure, hotspots and trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in immune regulation research.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and verified by two experienced TCM researchers. The time of literature retrieval is up to 2020. CiteSpace 5.7.R1 and Microsoft Excel 2016 were used for the statistical analysis and bibliometric diagrams, including the co-occurrence network of authors, institutions, countries, keywords, references, dual-map overlays of journals and citation bursts, etc.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 12 270 publications related to TCM in immune regulation were included. The annual number of publications has increased in this field. There was close cooperation of countries and institutions, while the distribution of scholars was scattered. China was the core of the cooperation network. The dual-map overlays analysis of journals showed that core and marginal fields had increased. The keywords and references analysis showed that network pharmacology, metabolism and cancer were the most high-frequency keywords with high-intensity bursts.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>TCM in immune regulation has attracted wider attention, with multi-country, multi-field, multi-disciplinary and multi-level research developing toward informatization. Network pharmacology, metabolism and cancer may be the focus of future research in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76524247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.006
Huan Zhou , Meng Yang , Yipin Yu , Hui Liu , Zhixing Qing , Qihua Chen
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of Huangqi (Astragalus Radix, HQ) - Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus, JYZ) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on network pharmacology and to verify the prediction through animal experimentation.
Methods
Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) databases, and literature, the active components and related target genes of HQ and JYZ were screened. The BPH target genes were screened based on the DisGeNET and GeneGards databases, and Excel was used to merge and remove duplicates. The Perl language was used to obtain drug-BPH target genes by intersecting shared target genes. A drug-component-target gene network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software. The drug-BPH intersection target genes were inputted into the STRING database, and the key target genes were selected according to the degree algorithm. The output formed the basis for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to determine the potential mechanism of HQ and JYZ in BPH treatment. High, medium, and low doses of HQ and JYZ extract were used to intervene in BPH rats, and then the prostate volume, wet weight, and prostate index of the BPH rats were determined. Changes in prostate histopathology and microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the optimal HQ and JYZ extract dose was confirmed. Finally, the optimal dose was used to intervene in a BPH rat model, and AKT1 and VEGF expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry.
Results
Based on network pharmacology, 33 active components and 772 target genes were identified from HQ and JYZ, along with 817 BPH target genes and 112 drug-BPH common target genes. Among them were 10 key target genes, including AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, IL-6, TNF, ESR1, and VEGFA. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 135 signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, IL-17, TNF, p53, MAPK, VEGF, JAK-STAT, and NF-κB pathways. The animal experiment showed that HQ and JYZ significantly improved prostate volume, wet weight, prostate index, and prostate histopathology of BPH rats, reducing MVD. In addition, HQ and JYZ inhibited the expression of AKT1 and VEGF in the prostate tissue of rats, promoted epithelial cell apoptosis, and inhibited angiogenesis, consistent with the prediction.
Conclusion
The combination of HQ and JYZ is effective for BPH therapy through multi-compound and multi-target collaboration. Its possible mechanism in treating BPH includes regulation of AKT1, VEGF protein, PI3K/Akt, and VEGF signaling pathways related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, with potential for clinical use and research.
{"title":"Network pharmacology research and experimental verification of Huangqi (Astragalus Radix) and Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia","authors":"Huan Zhou , Meng Yang , Yipin Yu , Hui Liu , Zhixing Qing , Qihua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of Huangqi (Astragalus Radix, HQ) - Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus, JYZ) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on network pharmacology and to verify the prediction through animal experimentation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) databases, and literature, the active components and related target genes of HQ and JYZ were screened. The BPH target genes were screened based on the DisGeNET and GeneGards databases, and Excel was used to merge and remove duplicates. The Perl language was used to obtain drug-BPH target genes by intersecting shared target genes. A drug-component-target gene network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software. The drug-BPH intersection target genes were inputted into the STRING database, and the key target genes were selected according to the degree algorithm. The output formed the basis for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to determine the potential mechanism of HQ and JYZ in BPH treatment. High, medium, and low doses of HQ and JYZ extract were used to intervene in BPH rats, and then the prostate volume, wet weight, and prostate index of the BPH rats were determined. Changes in prostate histopathology and microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the optimal HQ and JYZ extract dose was confirmed. Finally, the optimal dose was used to intervene in a BPH rat model, and AKT1 and VEGF expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on network pharmacology, 33 active components and 772 target genes were identified from HQ and JYZ, along with 817 BPH target genes and 112 drug-BPH common target genes. Among them were 10 key target genes, including AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, IL-6, TNF, ESR1, and VEGFA. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 135 signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, IL-17, TNF, p53, MAPK, VEGF, JAK-STAT, and NF-<em>κ</em>B pathways. The animal experiment showed that HQ and JYZ significantly improved prostate volume, wet weight, prostate index, and prostate histopathology of BPH rats, reducing MVD. In addition, HQ and JYZ inhibited the expression of AKT1 and VEGF in the prostate tissue of rats, promoted epithelial cell apoptosis, and inhibited angiogenesis, consistent with the prediction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The combination of HQ and JYZ is effective for BPH therapy through multi-compound and multi-target collaboration. Its possible mechanism in treating BPH includes regulation of AKT1, VEGF protein, PI3K/Akt, and VEGF signaling pathways related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, with potential for clinical use and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84515880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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