Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.741450
H. Negele, Ernst Fricke, Stefan Wenzel
To be successful in a highly dynamic environment, with increased global competition, shorter life cycles, more demanding customers/users, and more complex products, different industries should take advantage of learning from each other's problems and solutions. On the other hand, commercial companies can learn from aerospace industries' traditional strengths, in the areas of requirements engineering, modeling and simulation, or systems engineering. A variety of potential synergies exists that should be exploited to the greatest possible extent. But what method or tool should we use, and when? For an effective application of methods and tools in product development, a comprehensive framework is needed, which supports the selection, coordination, and assessment according to domain- and company-specific needs and constraints. Unfortunately, tools and methods often are used because it is popular to use them, but not because they ideally support the solution of specific problems. Therefore, in this paper a systematic approach is proposed on how methods and tools can be selected for a successful product development system, independent of the industrial sector of a company, but dependent on its problems, market constraints, and declared goals. A structured model, the House of CE+ (CE+ means concurrent engineering and more), was derived from the analysis of different product development processes at commercial companies in Germany, England, and the US (Wenzel & Bauch 1996). In the House of CE+, the interdependencies and relations between goals and problems, essentials/processes, and practices can be structured.
{"title":"The House of CE+-a systematic framework for selecting the \"right\" practices","authors":"H. Negele, Ernst Fricke, Stefan Wenzel","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.741450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.741450","url":null,"abstract":"To be successful in a highly dynamic environment, with increased global competition, shorter life cycles, more demanding customers/users, and more complex products, different industries should take advantage of learning from each other's problems and solutions. On the other hand, commercial companies can learn from aerospace industries' traditional strengths, in the areas of requirements engineering, modeling and simulation, or systems engineering. A variety of potential synergies exists that should be exploited to the greatest possible extent. But what method or tool should we use, and when? For an effective application of methods and tools in product development, a comprehensive framework is needed, which supports the selection, coordination, and assessment according to domain- and company-specific needs and constraints. Unfortunately, tools and methods often are used because it is popular to use them, but not because they ideally support the solution of specific problems. Therefore, in this paper a systematic approach is proposed on how methods and tools can be selected for a successful product development system, independent of the industrial sector of a company, but dependent on its problems, market constraints, and declared goals. A structured model, the House of CE+ (CE+ means concurrent engineering and more), was derived from the analysis of different product development processes at commercial companies in Germany, England, and the US (Wenzel & Bauch 1996). In the House of CE+, the interdependencies and relations between goals and problems, essentials/processes, and practices can be structured.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128704313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.739850
P.W. Lemme, S. Glenister, A. Miller
The ever-increasing demand to stay in touch, to be able to communicate anywhere and anytime, has created a market for Low Earth Orbit (LEG) satellite communications services such as the Iridium System. The Iridium satellite communications network is being developed to support the needs of the passenger, the cabin crew and the flight crew. Iridium Communications LLC owns a network of satellites that provides a connection between mobile subscribers and gateway earth stations. The gateways provide connections to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as to Aeronautical Gateway Subsystems (AGS). AGSs provide connections to packet data networks, and are used to initiate, ground to air "safety" voice calls.
{"title":"IRIDIUM(R) aeronautical satellite communications","authors":"P.W. Lemme, S. Glenister, A. Miller","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.739850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.739850","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing demand to stay in touch, to be able to communicate anywhere and anytime, has created a market for Low Earth Orbit (LEG) satellite communications services such as the Iridium System. The Iridium satellite communications network is being developed to support the needs of the passenger, the cabin crew and the flight crew. Iridium Communications LLC owns a network of satellites that provides a connection between mobile subscribers and gateway earth stations. The gateways provide connections to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as to Aeronautical Gateway Subsystems (AGS). AGSs provide connections to packet data networks, and are used to initiate, ground to air \"safety\" voice calls.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130282774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.741446
G. Hertel, T. Jahns, M. Kokes, T. Neff, I. Trefz, W. Virt
Early and effective integration of subsuppliers during the early phases of the product development process has become a strategic factor key to a manufacturer's competitiveness. It will therefore be important in the future to act upon subsuppliers' innovations in a significantly more timely manner than is practised today. The realization of this task will render the sphere of development crucially important. Not only the technical functionality of a future product is defined in the early phases of the product development process. Through specification of technical parameters a product's cost as well as indirect and direct costs associated with a product's production may be determined. The transformation of this strategy into reality requires the ability to work with incomplete information, which, when coupled with accurate mathematical and modelling methods, can contribute to making the goal of higher profits a reality. Through the example of a vehicle accessory, it was shown that with the help of probability based assessment techniques that are able to model the kind of incomplete input data often present in early planning stages, well founded decisions can be reached. Timely recognition of risks and of requirement to act as well as transparent and accountable decision making that takes customer wishes into account are the primary goals that will be pursued in order that economically robust products are created.
{"title":"Correct decisions based on uncertain requirements and imperfect information within product partnerships-a contradiction?","authors":"G. Hertel, T. Jahns, M. Kokes, T. Neff, I. Trefz, W. Virt","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.741446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.741446","url":null,"abstract":"Early and effective integration of subsuppliers during the early phases of the product development process has become a strategic factor key to a manufacturer's competitiveness. It will therefore be important in the future to act upon subsuppliers' innovations in a significantly more timely manner than is practised today. The realization of this task will render the sphere of development crucially important. Not only the technical functionality of a future product is defined in the early phases of the product development process. Through specification of technical parameters a product's cost as well as indirect and direct costs associated with a product's production may be determined. The transformation of this strategy into reality requires the ability to work with incomplete information, which, when coupled with accurate mathematical and modelling methods, can contribute to making the goal of higher profits a reality. Through the example of a vehicle accessory, it was shown that with the help of probability based assessment techniques that are able to model the kind of incomplete input data often present in early planning stages, well founded decisions can be reached. Timely recognition of risks and of requirement to act as well as transparent and accountable decision making that takes customer wishes into account are the primary goals that will be pursued in order that economically robust products are created.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.741500
C. Heitmeyer
A controversial issue in the formal methods research community is the degree to which mathematical sophistication and theorem proving skills should be needed to apply a formal method. A premise of this paper is that formal methods research has produced several techniques with potential utility in practical software development, but that mathematical sophistication and theorem proving skills should not be prerequisites for using these techniques. In the paper, several attributes needed to make a formal method useful in practice are described. These attributes include user-friendly notation, automated (i.e., push-button) analysis, and easy to understand feedback. To illustrate the attributes of a practical formal method, a formal method for requirements specification called SCR (Software Cost Reduction) is introduced.
{"title":"SCR: a practical method for requirements specification","authors":"C. Heitmeyer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.741500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.741500","url":null,"abstract":"A controversial issue in the formal methods research community is the degree to which mathematical sophistication and theorem proving skills should be needed to apply a formal method. A premise of this paper is that formal methods research has produced several techniques with potential utility in practical software development, but that mathematical sophistication and theorem proving skills should not be prerequisites for using these techniques. In the paper, several attributes needed to make a formal method useful in practice are described. These attributes include user-friendly notation, automated (i.e., push-button) analysis, and easy to understand feedback. To illustrate the attributes of a practical formal method, a formal method for requirements specification called SCR (Software Cost Reduction) is introduced.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130858559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.741550
A. Helfrick, A. Wilson
The problem of interference from portable electronic devices, PEDs, to avionics systems has been known for more than 30 years. This problem has been periodically studied but other than identifying the airlines as the responsible party for policing the situation, no hardware has ever been designed to combat the problem. The latest report on the subject from the RTCA, DO-233 suggested a hardware detection system as a possible safeguard against future problems. This paper describes the preliminary design of such a detection system.
{"title":"Investigations into a system for the detection and location of potentially harmful radiation from portable electronics carried onboard aircraft","authors":"A. Helfrick, A. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.741550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.741550","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of interference from portable electronic devices, PEDs, to avionics systems has been known for more than 30 years. This problem has been periodically studied but other than identifying the airlines as the responsible party for policing the situation, no hardware has ever been designed to combat the problem. The latest report on the subject from the RTCA, DO-233 suggested a hardware detection system as a possible safeguard against future problems. This paper describes the preliminary design of such a detection system.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127169487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.739812
T. L. Signore
It would seem to be advantageous for countries that desire to provide air traffic services via mobile networking to profile a set of ATN options that allow aircraft to operate without an ATN router. Such a profile should also allow for simplification of the OSI transport layer by substituting a connectionless transport for a connection-oriented transport. These changes would be applicable only to aircraft that have one air/ground data link installed and consequently do not need the power of an ATN router in the aircraft. A large majority of such aircraft would be start-up commercial carriers and general aviation aircraft.
{"title":"A simplified aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) avionics architecture","authors":"T. L. Signore","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.739812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.739812","url":null,"abstract":"It would seem to be advantageous for countries that desire to provide air traffic services via mobile networking to profile a set of ATN options that allow aircraft to operate without an ATN router. Such a profile should also allow for simplification of the OSI transport layer by substituting a connectionless transport for a connection-oriented transport. These changes would be applicable only to aircraft that have one air/ground data link installed and consequently do not need the power of an ATN router in the aircraft. A large majority of such aircraft would be start-up commercial carriers and general aviation aircraft.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114565863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.739852
R. Black
As hardware development techniques have improved, the time to market in avionics systems has become increasingly dependent upon systems analysis and software development. At the same time the lion's share of life cycle costs have migrated from development to integration and maintenance. In order to remain competitive in today's government and private sectors, avionics system developers must employ a scheme which reduces systems analysis, software development, and overall integration efforts. Such a scheme includes an effective process, a flexible architecture, and the tools necessary to greatly reduce life cycle costs. This paper presents a spiral development process with an associated architecture and tool template designed to reduce time to market. Specific uses of this template on the International Space Station and the Boeing 777 avionics system are described along with the next generation implementation.
{"title":"Rapid development of avionics systems","authors":"R. Black","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.739852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.739852","url":null,"abstract":"As hardware development techniques have improved, the time to market in avionics systems has become increasingly dependent upon systems analysis and software development. At the same time the lion's share of life cycle costs have migrated from development to integration and maintenance. In order to remain competitive in today's government and private sectors, avionics system developers must employ a scheme which reduces systems analysis, software development, and overall integration efforts. Such a scheme includes an effective process, a flexible architecture, and the tools necessary to greatly reduce life cycle costs. This paper presents a spiral development process with an associated architecture and tool template designed to reduce time to market. Specific uses of this template on the International Space Station and the Boeing 777 avionics system are described along with the next generation implementation.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122657987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.739888
M.S. Gaudeski
This paper defines the next generation of the proof-of-concept Multimedia Analysis and Archive System (MAAS-2) with the initial installation being in the Joint Analysis Center at Molesworth, England in support of the Bosnia peace keeping effort. The paper describes the operational scenarios in use today at one of the premier European sites and the progression the proof-of-concept video analyst systems NTA and GD-IS have made and are proposing to make. The most sophisticated site/user of the UAV Bosnia mission video data is the Multinational Intelligence Coordination Cell, MICC, at the Joint Analysis Center, JAC, Molesworth England. This site was dominated by manual processes that require the analyst to focus on VHS video productions and editing techniques.
{"title":"Multimedia Analysis and Archive System (MAAS) for Joint Analysis Center (JAC) Molesworth, England in support of the Bosnia peace-keeping mission","authors":"M.S. Gaudeski","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.739888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.739888","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines the next generation of the proof-of-concept Multimedia Analysis and Archive System (MAAS-2) with the initial installation being in the Joint Analysis Center at Molesworth, England in support of the Bosnia peace keeping effort. The paper describes the operational scenarios in use today at one of the premier European sites and the progression the proof-of-concept video analyst systems NTA and GD-IS have made and are proposing to make. The most sophisticated site/user of the UAV Bosnia mission video data is the Multinational Intelligence Coordination Cell, MICC, at the Joint Analysis Center, JAC, Molesworth England. This site was dominated by manual processes that require the analyst to focus on VHS video productions and editing techniques.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"46 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120978612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.741530
J. Schmidt
This year, Brookhaven and Battelle will provide technologies critical to the fielding of the first engineering models of a Polyplanar Optic Display unit to replace the CRTs in the B-52 aircraft. Brookhaven has demonstrated the viability of this technology in a breadboard model and demonstrated that it will fit into the current B-52 display casting. Battelle will add microscreen coatings to the surface of the displays' that will eliminate all reflections and enable excellent daylight readability. Battelle will also automate the building of the display screens using plastic sheets. The plastic screens will be added to the B-52 program in future years. The joint effort of these two major research and development organizations will, over the next five years, provide the required system engineering and build preproduction models for wrap-around cockpit daylight readable displays.
{"title":"Development of display technology for the next century [military aircraft]","authors":"J. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.741530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.741530","url":null,"abstract":"This year, Brookhaven and Battelle will provide technologies critical to the fielding of the first engineering models of a Polyplanar Optic Display unit to replace the CRTs in the B-52 aircraft. Brookhaven has demonstrated the viability of this technology in a breadboard model and demonstrated that it will fit into the current B-52 display casting. Battelle will add microscreen coatings to the surface of the displays' that will eliminate all reflections and enable excellent daylight readability. Battelle will also automate the building of the display screens using plastic sheets. The plastic screens will be added to the B-52 program in future years. The joint effort of these two major research and development organizations will, over the next five years, provide the required system engineering and build preproduction models for wrap-around cockpit daylight readable displays.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122876679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-31DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1998.739834
P.J. Smith, C. Billings, D. Woods, C. McCoy
Air carriers have indicated a need for a less constrained, more flexible air traffic management (ATM) system. In response to this need, RTCA (1995) advanced proposals for a "free flight" system in which the airlines will be able to pursue their objectives more efficiently. The RTCA proposal assumes a higher level of automation to assist air traffic service providers to detect and resolve short-term tactical conflicts, reducing the need to impose strategic constraints on the airspace system, It also implies that human operator roles and responsibilities in the future system may be markedly different from those in today's air traffic management system.
{"title":"Human factors issues in a future air traffic management system","authors":"P.J. Smith, C. Billings, D. Woods, C. McCoy","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1998.739834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1998.739834","url":null,"abstract":"Air carriers have indicated a need for a less constrained, more flexible air traffic management (ATM) system. In response to this need, RTCA (1995) advanced proposals for a \"free flight\" system in which the airlines will be able to pursue their objectives more efficiently. The RTCA proposal assumes a higher level of automation to assist air traffic service providers to detect and resolve short-term tactical conflicts, reducing the need to impose strategic constraints on the airspace system, It also implies that human operator roles and responsibilities in the future system may be markedly different from those in today's air traffic management system.","PeriodicalId":335827,"journal":{"name":"17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133988492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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