Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-31
William LIPPERT, Ph.D Candidate
The Russo-Ukraine War has capped the decay of conventional arms control (CAC) agreements and security institutions designed and evolved in large part to prevent this type of conflict. At its root is the rivalry between Russia and NATO, and Russian concerns over the military balance. The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty was the cornerstone agreement to stabilize the military balance, but the treaty and other security institutions such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) failed to adapt to NATO expansion. This article explores the role of various organizations in Europe in CAC and proposes a unique approach to future CAC agreements, dynamic CAC, implemented by a dedicated organization called the European Military Balance Organization (EMBO) which would continuously assess the military balance between NATO and Russia.
{"title":"A European Military Balance Organization and Dynamic Conventional Arms Control","authors":"William LIPPERT, Ph.D Candidate","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"The Russo-Ukraine War has capped the decay of conventional arms control (CAC) agreements and security institutions designed and evolved in large part to prevent this type of conflict. At its root is the rivalry between Russia and NATO, and Russian concerns over the military balance. The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty was the cornerstone agreement to stabilize the military balance, but the treaty and other security institutions such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) failed to adapt to NATO expansion. This article explores the role of various organizations in Europe in CAC and proposes a unique approach to future CAC agreements, dynamic CAC, implemented by a dedicated organization called the European Military Balance Organization (EMBO) which would continuously assess the military balance between NATO and Russia.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-34
Pătru PÎRJOL, Ph.D
The FOPEN radar uses frequencies at VHF and UHF to penetrate the foliage of trees or buildings and detect bodies and people hiding under their cover. FOPEN is an important technology, being located on airborne and ground-based platforms and designed to aid surveillance of very large areas, especially those areas rich in vegetation, which are unsuitable for detection and identification using other sensors. The information the FOPEN radar provides ensures the necessary support for civil or military activities. The civilian use of FOPEN ensures the fulfillment of surveillance and monitoring missions of the Earth’s surface. The data provided will ensure the study of biodiversity, forests, land surface, etc. through the potential of this radar to detect bodies under the canopy of trees.The military use of FOPEN ensures the detection of enemy forces and assets concealed under foliage, whether they are moving or not. The images generated by FOPEN ensure the detection of targets by electromagnetic waves penetrating foliage or buildings, countering adversary camouflage, concealment, or deception techniques. The data provided by FOPEN ensures the necessary information support for decision-making processes during mission planning and execution.
{"title":"The use of radar for object detection in vegetated regions","authors":"Pătru PÎRJOL, Ph.D","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-34","url":null,"abstract":"The FOPEN radar uses frequencies at VHF and UHF to penetrate the foliage of trees or buildings and detect bodies and people hiding under their cover. FOPEN is an important technology, being located on airborne and ground-based platforms and designed to aid surveillance of very large areas, especially those areas rich in vegetation, which are unsuitable for detection and identification using other sensors. The information the FOPEN radar provides ensures the necessary support for civil or military activities. The civilian use of FOPEN ensures the fulfillment of surveillance and monitoring missions of the Earth’s surface. The data provided will ensure the study of biodiversity, forests, land surface, etc. through the potential of this radar to detect bodies under the canopy of trees.The military use of FOPEN ensures the detection of enemy forces and assets concealed under foliage, whether they are moving or not. The images generated by FOPEN ensure the detection of targets by electromagnetic waves penetrating foliage or buildings, countering adversary camouflage, concealment, or deception techniques. The data provided by FOPEN ensures the necessary information support for decision-making processes during mission planning and execution.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-40
Ionela Cătălina MANOLACHE, Ph.D Candidate
The moment of February 24, 2022, was the one that closed even the last gate of dialogue between Russia and NATO. Although major security organizations had made huge efforts to prevent these actions of Russia, the state did not heed, continuing with its ambitious plans. After the end of the Cold War, the relations between Russia and NATO seemed to be stabilizing, and there was even collaboration in some areas. Even so, there was always a trace of mistrust, each side fearing the other’s intentions. Russia, on the one hand, sees NATO as a threat to its own security as a result of the bloc’s expansion, and NATO considers the Russian state the main danger to its member states, given the conflict Russia has triggered and is carrying on, despite all the naysayers and the accusations against it.
{"title":"The evolution of the relationship between NATO and Russia and future perspectives","authors":"Ionela Cătălina MANOLACHE, Ph.D Candidate","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-40","url":null,"abstract":"The moment of February 24, 2022, was the one that closed even the last gate of dialogue between Russia and NATO. Although major security organizations had made huge efforts to prevent these actions of Russia, the state did not heed, continuing with its ambitious plans. After the end of the Cold War, the relations between Russia and NATO seemed to be stabilizing, and there was even collaboration in some areas. Even so, there was always a trace of mistrust, each side fearing the other’s intentions. Russia, on the one hand, sees NATO as a threat to its own security as a result of the bloc’s expansion, and NATO considers the Russian state the main danger to its member states, given the conflict Russia has triggered and is carrying on, despite all the naysayers and the accusations against it.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-37
Vladimir MILOȘEVICI, Ph.D Candidate
This article explores new dimensions of security in the context of postmodernity. The article highlights the influence of postmodernism and postmodernity on security culture and presents necessary measures to mitigate the risks associated with this paradigm. In a society characterized by plurality, relativism, and diversity, security culture must evolve to address new digital challenges. It presents how the concept of the relativization of truth from the perspective of postmodernism can affect the approach to security, highlighting both benefits and challenges. It also examines the impact of globalization and digitization on security, highlighting the need for international cooperation and interdisciplinary strategies. The article emphasizes that promoting digital education, raising awareness, developing collaboration, and implementing technology are crucial in building an adaptable and effective security culture in the face of the challenges of postmodernity.
{"title":"A short analysis of security culture from the perspective of postmodern society","authors":"Vladimir MILOȘEVICI, Ph.D Candidate","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-37","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores new dimensions of security in the context of postmodernity. The article highlights the influence of postmodernism and postmodernity on security culture and presents necessary measures to mitigate the risks associated with this paradigm. In a society characterized by plurality, relativism, and diversity, security culture must evolve to address new digital challenges. It presents how the concept of the relativization of truth from the perspective of postmodernism can affect the approach to security, highlighting both benefits and challenges. It also examines the impact of globalization and digitization on security, highlighting the need for international cooperation and interdisciplinary strategies. The article emphasizes that promoting digital education, raising awareness, developing collaboration, and implementing technology are crucial in building an adaptable and effective security culture in the face of the challenges of postmodernity.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-35
Vladimir MILOȘEVICI
The accelerated development of media technologies in the last decade has not received an adequate response from society as a whole regarding the implementation of a set of ethical norms and legal regulations. This suggests that the environment in which information is created and disseminated has become distorted, allowing for the proliferation of fake news and the multiplication of populist messages.This article highlights how populist ideologies, amplified by the cultural paradigm of posttruth and fact-free societies, impact security culture by altering the Overton Window. This manipulation of public opinion changes the priorities and directions of security policy. Simultaneously, the article proposes a series of measures to counter fake news and the manipulation of public opinion through populist messages
{"title":"Security culture in the context of populist ideologies and the post-truth society","authors":"Vladimir MILOȘEVICI","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-35","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerated development of media technologies in the last decade has not received an adequate response from society as a whole regarding the implementation of a set of ethical norms and legal regulations. This suggests that the environment in which information is created and disseminated has become distorted, allowing for the proliferation of fake news and the multiplication of populist messages.This article highlights how populist ideologies, amplified by the cultural paradigm of posttruth and fact-free societies, impact security culture by altering the Overton Window. This manipulation of public opinion changes the priorities and directions of security policy. Simultaneously, the article proposes a series of measures to counter fake news and the manipulation of public opinion through populist messages","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134945309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-20
Lupulescu Georgiana-Daniela
Hybrid threats, as well as hybrid war, have become our century’s constant, receiving numerous definitions over time, which clarify to a greater or lesser extent these concepts characterized mainly by ambiguity both in terms of means, as well as the forces involved or the geographical area of combat. It can be deemed at least as derisive to try to define a concept that arose from the need to include everything that is known in terms of techniques, means, methods and tools, but also what will appear in the not-too-distant future, thanks to the rapid technological evolution, used by state actors and non-states in an attempt to achieve their most diverse goals, be they military, political, social or even economic. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the relevant literature on hybrid threats, operations and warfare, starting from the first attempt to define them and up to new attributes added in the meantime. We will analyze the characteristics, types, actors involved, and objectives pursued by them, resulting from the combination of several techniques, methods or tools.
{"title":"Hybrid – defining the concept of the 21st century warfare, operations and threats","authors":"Lupulescu Georgiana-Daniela","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-20","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid threats, as well as hybrid war, have become our century’s constant, receiving numerous definitions over time, which clarify to a greater or lesser extent these concepts characterized mainly by ambiguity both in terms of means, as well as the forces involved or the geographical area of combat. It can be deemed at least as derisive to try to define a concept that arose from the need to include everything that is known in terms of techniques, means, methods and tools, but also what will appear in the not-too-distant future, thanks to the rapid technological evolution, used by state actors and non-states in an attempt to achieve their most diverse goals, be they military, political, social or even economic. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the relevant literature on hybrid threats, operations and warfare, starting from the first attempt to define them and up to new attributes added in the meantime. We will analyze the characteristics, types, actors involved, and objectives pursued by them, resulting from the combination of several techniques, methods or tools.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44152473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-28
Rodica-Cristina Bălan-Liseanu
Recent conflicts at the international level highlight the joint and multinational character of multinational operations in today’s security environment where conventional and unconventional, asymmetric actions are combined. Over time, in order to optimise and make more efficient the human, information and material resources employed, and to ensure a flexible and pragmatic strategic vision, there has been a continuous need to seek proactive, collective involvement, both from a decision-making and an operational perspective. Thus, there emerged a pressing need for modernisation in the architecture of multinational joint operations. It applies the vision of a qualitative analysis of the global order in the context of great powers, emerging powers and international organisations whose effectiveness is questioned. At the same time, this article analyses the dynamics of contemporary multinational interventions and explores their options for manifestation as autonomous or assembled.
{"title":"The physiognomy of modern multinational joint operations and the manifestation of mobility in contemporary warfare","authors":"Rodica-Cristina Bălan-Liseanu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"Recent conflicts at the international level highlight the joint and multinational character of multinational operations in today’s security environment where conventional and unconventional, asymmetric actions are combined. Over time, in order to optimise and make more efficient the human, information and material resources employed, and to ensure a flexible and pragmatic strategic vision, there has been a continuous need to seek proactive, collective involvement, both from a decision-making and an operational perspective. Thus, there emerged a pressing need for modernisation in the architecture of multinational joint operations. It applies the vision of a qualitative analysis of the global order in the context of great powers, emerging powers and international organisations whose effectiveness is questioned. At the same time, this article analyses the dynamics of contemporary multinational interventions and explores their options for manifestation as autonomous or assembled.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-19
Dragos Ilinca
Optimizing the European Union’s external action requires a comprehensive approach to linking relevant EU instruments and policies to the development of interaction and practical arrangements for cooperation with third countries. An extremely important component concerns the interaction between the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and external action, whose dynamics have undergone notable developments in recent years. The substantial progress made in the development of an integrated formula for promoting external action validates the central assumption of the present study that European cooperation in the field of defence tends to become one of the important supporting elements of external action. Starting from this assumption, another direction of in-depth analysis in the following pages concerns the ambivalent relationship between the financial support that external action receives through the new Multiannual Framework 2021-2027 and the concrete initiatives developed under the aegis of CSDP with military applicability.
{"title":"Development of european security and defence cooperation in support of the European Union’s external action. Financial sustainability and institutional convergence","authors":"Dragos Ilinca","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-19","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing the European Union’s external action requires a comprehensive approach to linking relevant EU instruments and policies to the development of interaction and practical arrangements for cooperation with third countries. An extremely important component concerns the interaction between the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and external action, whose dynamics have undergone notable developments in recent years. The substantial progress made in the development of an integrated formula for promoting external action validates the central assumption of the present study that European cooperation in the field of defence tends to become one of the important supporting elements of external action. Starting from this assumption, another direction of in-depth analysis in the following pages concerns the ambivalent relationship between the financial support that external action receives through the new Multiannual Framework 2021-2027 and the concrete initiatives developed under the aegis of CSDP with military applicability.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46366392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-25
M. Badiu, Laura-Alexandra Țică
The military environment, by its very nature, is recognized as a source of occupational stress. The military’s approach to measuring stressors, analyzing and comparing them with the capacity to cope, gives rise to both distress and eustress. Challenges arise when the effects of stress surpass an individual’s ability to adapt, hindering their response to new demands. Military organizations highly value resilience as the key to effectiveness and success. In the military context, resilience can be viewed as a process, skill, or outcome, wherein military leaders exhibit the ability to confront fear, navigate outside their comfort zone, and overcome challenging moments in pursuit of a greater purpose
{"title":"The resilience of the military leader – defining traits and its ability to influence the operational environment","authors":"M. Badiu, Laura-Alexandra Țică","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-25","url":null,"abstract":"The military environment, by its very nature, is recognized as a source of occupational stress. The military’s approach to measuring stressors, analyzing and comparing them with the capacity to cope, gives rise to both distress and eustress. Challenges arise when the effects of stress surpass an individual’s ability to adapt, hindering their response to new demands. Military organizations highly value resilience as the key to effectiveness and success. In the military context, resilience can be viewed as a process, skill, or outcome, wherein military leaders exhibit the ability to confront fear, navigate outside their comfort zone, and overcome challenging moments in pursuit of a greater purpose","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-18
Victor Vevera, Ulpia-Elena Botezatu
This comprehensive article analyses the Laser Patroller Satellite (LPS) and its capabilities for enhancing security and safety in space exploration. The article is organized into five sections. Section 1 presents the context of the growing problem of space debris and the need for effective solutions. In Section 2, the features of the LPS, including its advanced sensors and tracking capabilities, are discussed. Section 3 elaborates on the capabilities of the satellite, such as space debris monitoring and tracking, space traffic management, debris removal, space situational awareness, and space exploration. Section 4 discusses the potential applications of the LPS in various areas, such as space debris mitigation, space security, and governance of space. Section 5 examines the implications of the LPS for international relations, including space policy, diplomacy, and governance. The article highlights the need for effective space governance frameworks to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of emerging technologies like the LPS, which raises concerns about privacy and the use of surveillance technology. In conclusion, the LPS is a powerful technology that has significant implications for space security, diplomacy, and governance, and it is crucial for nations to work together to develop policies that promote the responsible and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all
{"title":"Revolutionizing space security: The Laser Patroller Satellite – A technological marvel of modern warfare","authors":"Victor Vevera, Ulpia-Elena Botezatu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-18","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive article analyses the Laser Patroller Satellite (LPS) and its capabilities for enhancing security and safety in space exploration. The article is organized into five sections. Section 1 presents the context of the growing problem of space debris and the need for effective solutions. In Section 2, the features of the LPS, including its advanced sensors and tracking capabilities, are discussed. Section 3 elaborates on the capabilities of the satellite, such as space debris monitoring and tracking, space traffic management, debris removal, space situational awareness, and space exploration. Section 4 discusses the potential applications of the LPS in various areas, such as space debris mitigation, space security, and governance of space. Section 5 examines the implications of the LPS for international relations, including space policy, diplomacy, and governance. The article highlights the need for effective space governance frameworks to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of emerging technologies like the LPS, which raises concerns about privacy and the use of surveillance technology. In conclusion, the LPS is a powerful technology that has significant implications for space security, diplomacy, and governance, and it is crucial for nations to work together to develop policies that promote the responsible and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42132671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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