Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-21
Ștefan Emil Repede
The present article aims to address a series of problems generated by the use of artificial intelligence models for the study of the creation and dissemination of false information beginning from the difficulties in defining and classifying established terms, continuing by exemplifying the way some of the established databases in the research field of fake news are built and ending by noting the differences in their labeling
{"title":"Researching disinformation using artificial intelligence techniques: challenges","authors":"Ștefan Emil Repede","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-21","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to address a series of problems generated by the use of artificial intelligence models for the study of the creation and dissemination of false information beginning from the difficulties in defining and classifying established terms, continuing by exemplifying the way some of the established databases in the research field of fake news are built and ending by noting the differences in their labeling","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-24
Rodica-Cristina Bălan-Liseanu
In an era of globalization, innovation, and competitive intelligence, the nuclear supply chain is continually evolving and increasing its capabilities. The top-secret operation ALSOS plays a key role in the (re)evolution of atomic energy as the energy of the future, with a constant focus on the responsible use of atomic energy. The US, a nuclear hegemon, has harnessed its leaders to their full potential, with J. Robert Oppenheimer being one of the leading names in charismatic, competitive, and transformational leadership. Through qualitative and content analysis, this article proposes a reflection on the origins and evolution of change in the nuclear field, in a continuous struggle for supremacy, connecting with current desiderata in the sphere of innovation, built on different leadership styles. The interest in leadership is recurrent, and the model of Operation ALSOS, in line with the iconic figure of J. Robert Oppenheimer, is representative of motivating the harnessing of new promises to inspire and revolutionize the world.
{"title":"Leadership, competitive intelligence and Robert Oppenheimer’s pivotal role in the dawn of the nuclear age","authors":"Rodica-Cristina Bălan-Liseanu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-24","url":null,"abstract":"In an era of globalization, innovation, and competitive intelligence, the nuclear supply chain is continually evolving and increasing its capabilities. The top-secret operation ALSOS plays a key role in the (re)evolution of atomic energy as the energy of the future, with a constant focus on the responsible use of atomic energy. The US, a nuclear hegemon, has harnessed its leaders to their full potential, with J. Robert Oppenheimer being one of the leading names in charismatic, competitive, and transformational leadership. Through qualitative and content analysis, this article proposes a reflection on the origins and evolution of change in the nuclear field, in a continuous struggle for supremacy, connecting with current desiderata in the sphere of innovation, built on different leadership styles. The interest in leadership is recurrent, and the model of Operation ALSOS, in line with the iconic figure of J. Robert Oppenheimer, is representative of motivating the harnessing of new promises to inspire and revolutionize the world.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-29
Gabriela-Florina Nicoară, Alex-Giulian Coroi
This article entails a study of the methods for developing humans’ capabilities to increase success rates during military conflicts. Hence, this scientific work encompasses a retrospective of the methods from antiquity by Sumerian, Viking, Greek, and Roman fighters, as well as a contemporary and prospective view of the methods of augmenting soldiers into “supersoldiers”. Whether we refer to the first stage and initial attempts at developing soldier capabilities through mushrooms, alcohol, amphetamines, or to the revolutionary phase of this field through the involvement of technology, all these methods represent a „double-edged sword”. This is because it involves, besides benefits, a series of ethical and legal concerns. Nevertheless, the article pledges the solution of augmenting soldiers and reinforcing troops, while simultaneously upholding ethical and legal norms.
{"title":"From mushrooms to artificial intelligence: technology’s double-edges sword in enhancing soldiers","authors":"Gabriela-Florina Nicoară, Alex-Giulian Coroi","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-29","url":null,"abstract":"This article entails a study of the methods for developing humans’ capabilities to increase success rates during military conflicts. Hence, this scientific work encompasses a retrospective of the methods from antiquity by Sumerian, Viking, Greek, and Roman fighters, as well as a contemporary and prospective view of the methods of augmenting soldiers into “supersoldiers”. Whether we refer to the first stage and initial attempts at developing soldier capabilities through mushrooms, alcohol, amphetamines, or to the revolutionary phase of this field through the involvement of technology, all these methods represent a „double-edged sword”. This is because it involves, besides benefits, a series of ethical and legal concerns. Nevertheless, the article pledges the solution of augmenting soldiers and reinforcing troops, while simultaneously upholding ethical and legal norms.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44456749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-22
Daniel Ionel Andrei Nistor
We are moving towards a new security paradigm in which the predictability and stability of the system of international relations are directly impacted by global strategic rivalry, with a significant potential for rearranging the relationships between strategic players with global interests. The concept of security culture must be understood in this context, integrated into the security paradigm, and tailored to the dynamics of the international security environment, as it affects a variety of fields in addition to security, including the military, economic, socio-political, and cultural ones. Using several studies and opinion surveys conducted by public opinion polling institutions and, respectively, by non-governmental organizations, regarding the measurement of the security culture and the reactions to it, it is crucial to examine the relationship between security culture and hybrid threats, societal resilience, information warfare, cyber security, or emerging threats. It is also important to follow the evolution of the concept of „security culture” in Romania. Last but not least, this essay aims to examine the distinctive components of security culture from fields and action directions while also offering a number of suggestions for raising security culture in Romania
{"title":"Manifestations of security culture at national level","authors":"Daniel Ionel Andrei Nistor","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-22","url":null,"abstract":"We are moving towards a new security paradigm in which the predictability and stability of the system of international relations are directly impacted by global strategic rivalry, with a significant potential for rearranging the relationships between strategic players with global interests. The concept of security culture must be understood in this context, integrated into the security paradigm, and tailored to the dynamics of the international security environment, as it affects a variety of fields in addition to security, including the military, economic, socio-political, and cultural ones. Using several studies and opinion surveys conducted by public opinion polling institutions and, respectively, by non-governmental organizations, regarding the measurement of the security culture and the reactions to it, it is crucial to examine the relationship between security culture and hybrid threats, societal resilience, information warfare, cyber security, or emerging threats. It is also important to follow the evolution of the concept of „security culture” in Romania. Last but not least, this essay aims to examine the distinctive components of security culture from fields and action directions while also offering a number of suggestions for raising security culture in Romania","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-27
Cristianoctavian Stanciu, Silviu-Iulian Gimiga
Military geniuses like Hannibal, Caesar, Suvorov or Napoleon proved to the whole world how relatively small armies prevailed through complex battle strategies, ingenuity and courage, through scientific and military knowledge that can make a difference. The technological progress made in the last hundreds of years, based on technical-scientific discoveries, has led the armed struggle to such a high level that technological supremacy, the ratio of forces and military technique are extremely important in the assumption of a military conflict. However, combining conventional resources of combat with modern ones, the use of combined forms and methods of combat, are still issues of general interest, which require adaptable strategies and not least the ingenuity, flair and exuberance of leaders. The impact of new technologies on the military field still remains a dilemma that will probably never be clarified, precisely because of the constant challenges, which are increasingly complex and different.
{"title":"New technologies and their impact in the military field","authors":"Cristianoctavian Stanciu, Silviu-Iulian Gimiga","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-27","url":null,"abstract":"Military geniuses like Hannibal, Caesar, Suvorov or Napoleon proved to the whole world how relatively small armies prevailed through complex battle strategies, ingenuity and courage, through scientific and military knowledge that can make a difference. The technological progress made in the last hundreds of years, based on technical-scientific discoveries, has led the armed struggle to such a high level that technological supremacy, the ratio of forces and military technique are extremely important in the assumption of a military conflict. However, combining conventional resources of combat with modern ones, the use of combined forms and methods of combat, are still issues of general interest, which require adaptable strategies and not least the ingenuity, flair and exuberance of leaders. The impact of new technologies on the military field still remains a dilemma that will probably never be clarified, precisely because of the constant challenges, which are increasingly complex and different.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-17
Ana-Maria Chisega-Negrilă
This article explores the connection between artificial intelligence (AI) and language learning in the context of Education 4.0, highlighting how the former revolutionizes the latter with the introduction of emerging technologies and innovations in education. The article discusses how AI improves the processes of language learning through personalized learning experiences, interactive practice, and automated assessment. AI can be used to create diverse learning materials and immersive experiences that align with the principles of Education 4.0. When used correctly, AI can bring numerous benefits to language learning, such as increased efficiency, greater student engagement in the teaching-learning process, and the accessibility of content from anywhere and on any device. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to adopt Education 4.0 accompanied by the development of content that equips students with the necessary skills in the digital age. The article also highlights the importance of integrating AI and Education 4.0 in language learning to promote critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and digital literacy
{"title":"The New Revolution in Language Learning: The Power of Artificial Intelligence and Education 4.0","authors":"Ana-Maria Chisega-Negrilă","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-17","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the connection between artificial intelligence (AI) and language learning in the context of Education 4.0, highlighting how the former revolutionizes the latter with the introduction of emerging technologies and innovations in education. The article discusses how AI improves the processes of language learning through personalized learning experiences, interactive practice, and automated assessment. AI can be used to create diverse learning materials and immersive experiences that align with the principles of Education 4.0. When used correctly, AI can bring numerous benefits to language learning, such as increased efficiency, greater student engagement in the teaching-learning process, and the accessibility of content from anywhere and on any device. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to adopt Education 4.0 accompanied by the development of content that equips students with the necessary skills in the digital age. The article also highlights the importance of integrating AI and Education 4.0 in language learning to promote critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and digital literacy","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42786649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-26
Cristianoctavian Stanciu, George-Ion Toroi
Given modern warfare’s complex and dynamic nature, military deception has become a vital tool in the contemporary operating environment for gaining strategic advantage and achieving operational success. For this reason, countering enemy deception operations has become an operational requirement to support mission accomplishment. Furthermore, with the increased use of modern technologies and information warfare tactics by adversaries, intelligence has become a critical asset in countering enemy deception operations and protecting the safety and security of military personnel and operations. The Russian-Ukrainian ongoing war has proven once again that deception remains a viable tool in the contemporary operating environment and can still have a huge impact on the battlefield. Considering its value, this article explores approaches to diminish and counter the impact of deception at the operational level of war. Moreover, our research explores how the joint function of intelligence can support the efforts of counter-deception throughout its entire process.
{"title":"Intelligence support for the operational level counter-deception","authors":"Cristianoctavian Stanciu, George-Ion Toroi","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-26","url":null,"abstract":"Given modern warfare’s complex and dynamic nature, military deception has become a vital tool in the contemporary operating environment for gaining strategic advantage and achieving operational success. For this reason, countering enemy deception operations has become an operational requirement to support mission accomplishment. Furthermore, with the increased use of modern technologies and information warfare tactics by adversaries, intelligence has become a critical asset in countering enemy deception operations and protecting the safety and security of military personnel and operations. The Russian-Ukrainian ongoing war has proven once again that deception remains a viable tool in the contemporary operating environment and can still have a huge impact on the battlefield. Considering its value, this article explores approaches to diminish and counter the impact of deception at the operational level of war. Moreover, our research explores how the joint function of intelligence can support the efforts of counter-deception throughout its entire process.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-16
I. Chifu
Prospective scenarios (Chifu 2022) are now piling up, on the eve of Ukraine’s announced counter-offensive to reclaim its territories and create clear strategic advantages in the perspective of any negotiations with Russia (Menon 2023). While the criteria and indicators of short and medium-term development are easier to determine, as is the aspirational goal of Ukraine to gain all its occupied territories (Wallander 2023), there are numerous inflection points that may emerge, just as a number of game-changers are looming, elements that would radically change the reality and the course of the known trend. Taking these factors into consideration, we have drafted an updated outline of Ukraine’s potential future developments, scenarios, and options in the event of a Russian full-scale war of aggression. It is important to note that these developments not only impact Ukraine but also have implications for the post-war global landscape
{"title":"The impact of Russia’s aggresion on reshaping tomorrow’s world Ukraine’s future scenarios, developments, and options","authors":"I. Chifu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-16","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective scenarios (Chifu 2022) are now piling up, on the eve of Ukraine’s announced counter-offensive to reclaim its territories and create clear strategic advantages in the perspective of any negotiations with Russia (Menon 2023). While the criteria and indicators of short and medium-term development are easier to determine, as is the aspirational goal of Ukraine to gain all its occupied territories (Wallander 2023), there are numerous inflection points that may emerge, just as a number of game-changers are looming, elements that would radically change the reality and the course of the known trend. Taking these factors into consideration, we have drafted an updated outline of Ukraine’s potential future developments, scenarios, and options in the event of a Russian full-scale war of aggression. It is important to note that these developments not only impact Ukraine but also have implications for the post-war global landscape","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-23
Dragoș-Adrian Bantaș, Sebastian Bălănică
In international relations, each state has historically pursued its own interests by various means. Although these have not always taken a violent form (for example, there are international actors such as the empires of successive Chinese dynasties which, in their relations with their neighbours, emphasized the respect for the emperor and prestige at the expense of violence, or the Ottoman Empire which, after its initial expansion phase, created a concentric system of peripheral actors with varying degrees of autonomy), before the signing of the UN Charter, the use of violence was not definitively forbidden between them either. More precisely, there are actors who, since then and as a result of successive changes in regimes and international orientations, have renounced the use of force or have severely limited it, making it at least predictable, and actors who, regardless of regime and context, adopt the same behaviour. In our view, Russia falls into the second category
{"title":"The actions of the Russian Federation from the perspective of individual responsibility","authors":"Dragoș-Adrian Bantaș, Sebastian Bălănică","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-23","url":null,"abstract":"In international relations, each state has historically pursued its own interests by various means. Although these have not always taken a violent form (for example, there are international actors such as the empires of successive Chinese dynasties which, in their relations with their neighbours, emphasized the respect for the emperor and prestige at the expense of violence, or the Ottoman Empire which, after its initial expansion phase, created a concentric system of peripheral actors with varying degrees of autonomy), before the signing of the UN Charter, the use of violence was not definitively forbidden between them either. More precisely, there are actors who, since then and as a result of successive changes in regimes and international orientations, have renounced the use of force or have severely limited it, making it at least predictable, and actors who, regardless of regime and context, adopt the same behaviour. In our view, Russia falls into the second category","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-23-11
Lucian valeriu Scipanov, A. Bodescu
This article proposes potential solutions for adapting higher military education to the trends of education centered on learning outcomes. These solutions are based on specific military competences captured by national specialized institutions and aim to meet the requirementsof the European Qualifications Framework (EQF). The analysis and proposed model are based on the Sectoral Qualifications Framework for the Military Officer Profession (SQF-MILOF), which was proposed by the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) and recognized by the Military Committee of the European Union in 2021. This approach is relevant because the ESDC system will serve as the basis for developing a model based on learning outcomes, adapted to the national framework for training future commanders and staff officers. The authors intend to promote this solution as one aligned with European standards.
{"title":"Higher military education focused on quantifiable learning outcomes","authors":"Lucian valeriu Scipanov, A. Bodescu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-23-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-11","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes potential solutions for adapting higher military education to the trends of education centered on learning outcomes. These solutions are based on specific military competences captured by national specialized institutions and aim to meet the requirementsof the European Qualifications Framework (EQF). The analysis and proposed model are based on the Sectoral Qualifications Framework for the Military Officer Profession (SQF-MILOF), which was proposed by the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) and recognized by the Military Committee of the European Union in 2021. This approach is relevant because the ESDC system will serve as the basis for developing a model based on learning outcomes, adapted to the national framework for training future commanders and staff officers. The authors intend to promote this solution as one aligned with European standards.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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