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COMMAND STRUCTURES OF MILITARY ENGINEERING BRANCH, FROM THE ROMANIAN ARMY, IN THE PERIOD 1941-1946 1941-1946年期间罗马尼亚军队军事工程部门的指挥结构
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-47
Cristian Gabriel Cîrjău
  The situation during the years 1941-1946 was particularly complex, a period in which the Romanian Army participated in military operations, both in the Eastern campaign against the Russian Army and in the Western campaign against the German Army, which was allied to us for a time. For the leadership and coordination of military actions, the existing Romanian commands, or those established according to current needs, cooperated closely with both the German and as well as the Russian ones from the moment we turned our weapons against the Germans. During both campaigns, the structures within the Romanian commands were some newly established and others organized and reorganized according to the needs required by the current situation. Among these structures, there are those of military engineering, who led and coordinated all specific activities. In this study I aimed to identify the organization and role of military engineering structures, within the Romanian commands, in leading and coordinating engineering actions during 1941-1946, in order to make later, in another study, a comparative analysis with the military engineering  structures of the Romanian Army existing at this date.
1941-1946年期间的局势特别复杂,在这一时期,罗马尼亚军队参加了军事行动,既参加了东线对俄国军队的战役,也参加了西线对一度与我们结盟的德国军队的战役。在军事行动的领导和协调方面,罗马尼亚现有的指挥部,或根据当前需要建立的指挥部,从我们用武器对付德国人的那一刻起,就与德国和俄罗斯的指挥部密切合作。在两次战役中,罗马尼亚指挥部内的结构有些是新设立的,有些是根据当前局势的需要组织和改组的。在这些机构中,有军事工程机构,他们领导和协调所有具体活动。在这项研究中,我的目的是确定军事工程结构的组织和作用,在罗马尼亚指挥,在领导和协调工程行动1941-1946年期间,为了以后,在另一项研究中,与罗马尼亚军队的军事工程结构在这个日期存在的比较分析。
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引用次数: 0
PLYOMETRICS AND CALISTHENICS ‒ PHYSICAL TRAINING METHODS SPECIFIC TO THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE MILITARY 增强训练和健美操-体能训练方法,具体到军队的体能训练
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-54
George-Florin Băițan
  The physical training of the military must be extremely hard, as it is a support for military training programs. Moreover, it must prepare the military to deal with any situation they may encounter on the battlefield: from climbing a 3-meter-high wall under enemy fire to running on the varied ground, with a 30 kg backpack and individual weapons in his hands. In addition, maintaining or improving the physical performance of professional military personnel in various military settings is crucial to general military training. When we start a military-specific training program, we are confident that we are on the fastest track to serious results. The military will become stronger, with great physical strength, having a robust and harmonious physical constitution. In this article, we will briefly present two of the physical training methods specific to military training (plyometrics and calisthenics), which military physical education specialists should use on a permanent basis, so that fighters reach a higher level of physical training.  
军队的体能训练必须非常艰苦,因为它是军事训练计划的支持。此外,它还必须让军队准备好应对战场上可能遇到的任何情况:从在敌人的炮火下爬上3米高的墙,到在各种各样的地面上奔跑,背着30公斤重的背包和手中的个人武器。此外,保持或提高专业军事人员在各种军事环境中的体能表现对一般军事训练至关重要。当我们开始一项针对军事的训练计划时,我们相信我们正走在取得重大成果的最快道路上。军队将变得更加强大,拥有强大的体力,拥有健壮和谐的体质。在本文中,我们将简要介绍两种专门针对军事训练的体能训练方法(增强式和健美操),这两种训练方法是军事体育专家应该长期使用的,从而使战士达到更高的体能训练水平。
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引用次数: 0
MODULAR COMMAND AND CONTROL STRUCTURES AND FORCE ORGANIZATION USABLE IN OPERATIONS AT HIGH ALTITUDES 模块化指挥控制结构和部队组织可用于高空作战
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-49
C. Popa
Mountainous areas located at high altitudes, hardly accessible, are used as safe heavens and staging areas by various asymmetrical groups. Addressing these challenges in areas of operations located at high altitudes requires the existence of specific capabilities for command and control. C2 based on mission command must be adapted to the current requirements generated by conflicts with variable geometry, mosaic type conflicts, composite, multifaceted, multi-layered, multi-domain conflicts. Command and control systems should have architectural flexibility, intelligent digitised platforms and its modules should be perfectly functionall and interoperable (based on self-sufficiency ‒ extended capability to operate over time). We believe that, at high altitudes, the architecture of a complex command and control system must be modular and designed as a coherent integrator of sensors, decision-makers, performers and support capabilities, interconnected in subsystems that ensure the planning, preparation, execution and effective evaluation of military actions. In the conditions of diversification of risks and threats in the multidimensional operational environment, the architecture of the command and control systems must be permanently adapted in order to ensure real-time, horizontal and vertical communication between forces, support structures and command-control structures.
位于高海拔、难以进入的山区,被各种不对称团体用作安全天堂和集结地。在高海拔地区应对这些挑战,需要有特定的指挥和控制能力。基于任务指挥的C2必须适应当前由可变几何冲突、镶嵌型冲突、复合、多面、多层、多域冲突所产生的需求。指挥和控制系统应具有架构灵活性,智能数字化平台及其模块应具有完美的功能和互操作性(基于自给自足-随时间扩展的运行能力)。我们认为,在高海拔地区,复杂指挥和控制系统的架构必须是模块化的,并被设计为传感器、决策者、执行者和支持能力的连贯集成商,在子系统中相互连接,以确保军事行动的规划、准备、执行和有效评估。在多维作战环境中风险和威胁多样化的条件下,指挥和控制系统的结构必须永久调整,以确保部队、支助结构和指挥控制结构之间的实时、水平和垂直通信。
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引用次数: 1
THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 人力资源管理的概念
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-45
Elena-Alexandra MAZILU (ALEXANDRESCU)
The concept of human resources management has developed over time starting from personnel management, focusing much more on human resources planning, recruitment and selection, but also on evaluating professional performance and career management. The efficient implementation of human resources management at organizational level depends very much on the analysis of jobs. Job analysis provides elements that underlie the establishment of human resource needs and can be done through several methods, namely observation, interview or questionnaires. The recruitment and selection process can be improved by job analysis, because managers more objectively identify the knowledge, skills, abilities needed for a job and can structure tests based on job analysis results; they can state a more accurate job description.
随着时间的推移,人力资源管理的概念从人事管理开始发展,更多地关注人力资源规划、招聘和选择,但也关注职业绩效评估和职业管理。组织层面人力资源管理的有效实施,在很大程度上取决于对岗位的分析。工作分析提供了建立人力资源需求的基础要素,可以通过几种方法,即观察、面谈或问卷调查来完成。工作分析可以改善招聘和选拔过程,因为管理人员可以更客观地确定工作所需的知识、技能和能力,并可以根据工作分析结果组织测试;他们可以给出更准确的职位描述。
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引用次数: 0
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIAN ORGANIZATIONS AND THE SPECIFICITY OF THE NATIONAL DEFENCE SYSTEM 罗马尼亚各组织的人力资源管理和国防系统的特殊性
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-40
Alina-Elena IONAȘCU (HULUBA)
This paper is written from the contextual perspective of understanding and reviewing the processes associated with human resources management (HRM) in organizations. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to explore the trends of HRM practices in order to identify the specific characteristics of Romanian organizations and to establish its specificity in the national defence system. In the first part of the paper we will refer to the research framework and point out the evolving and conceptual benchmarks that are of importance to this approach. The characteristics of human resources management in Romanian organizations are established by comparisons with other countries, while the central axis of comparison is represented by the member states of the European Union (EU). Starting from the results of this analysis, the particularities of HRM that are defence-related, identified through the study of the regulatory framework and comments regarding the current guidelines are made. In the conclusions, the paper will present main ideas resulted, personal contributions, issues addressed and research limitations.
本文是从理解和回顾组织中与人力资源管理相关的过程的上下文角度撰写的。因此,本文的目的是探索人力资源管理实践的趋势,以确定罗马尼亚组织的具体特征,并确定其在国防系统中的特殊性。在论文的第一部分,我们将参考研究框架,并指出对这种方法至关重要的不断发展和概念基准。罗马尼亚各组织人力资源管理的特点是通过与其他国家的比较确定的,而比较的中心轴是由欧洲联盟(欧盟)成员国代表的。从这一分析的结果出发,通过对监管框架的研究和对现行指南的评论,提出了与国防有关的人力资源管理的特殊性。在结论中,本文将介绍得出的主要观点、个人贡献、解决的问题和研究的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OF THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 新兴技术的地缘政治影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-38
A. Popescu
In addition to the cortege of disasters generated by the SARS-COV II pandemic, the current global medical crisis has also had a positive effect. More than ever, it has brought up the fundamental role played by scientific and technological research in the progress of mankind and in its defence against disruptive threats. The modern technological age of the Third Millennium has changed the human-machine relationship. Today, technologies seem to go beyond their status as a tool of power, turning into active players, who determine policies, sharpen stakes, trigger competitions. Step by step, artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, cyber security, robotics, semiconductors and microprocessors, cloud computing, cloud combat and digital networks have taken over human activities and, by extension, international geopolitical dynamics. And, all the subsequent consequences of the technological “sprint” (political, strategic, economic and social) are involving states, international organizations and private companies. The dynamics of competition and international cooperation are being transformed. This article aims to present the impact of the state-of-the-art technologies on contemporary geopolitical dynamics and, in extenso, on Romania's security.
除了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒二型疫情造成的一系列灾难外,当前的全球医疗危机也产生了积极影响。它比以往任何时候都更加强调了科学和技术研究在人类进步和抵御破坏性威胁方面发挥的根本作用。第三个千年的现代技术时代改变了人机关系。如今,技术似乎已经超越了权力工具的地位,变成了积极的参与者,他们决定政策,提高赌注,引发竞争。人工智能、5G、网络安全、机器人、半导体和微处理器、云计算、云作战和数字网络逐步接管了人类活动,进而接管了国际地缘政治动态。而且,技术“冲刺”(政治、战略、经济和社会)的所有后续后果都涉及国家、国际组织和私营公司。竞争和国际合作的动力正在发生变化。本文旨在介绍最先进的技术对当代地缘政治动态的影响,以及对罗马尼亚安全的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE 东欧的环境安全考虑
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-51
Viliam Pastor
  In recent years, more and more complex threats to security have emerged, highlighting the need for stronger and closer security cooperation at all levels. The crisis caused by virus SARS COV 2 brought to the forefront security in Europe, testing both the resilience once the infrastructure of critical complicated, and preparation for crisis situations and the means for managing them. Eastern Europe, plagued by various conflicts in recent decades, still faces many challenges today, such as uncontrolled population growth, declining living standards and climate change due to global warming. The latter will exacerbate the situation in the future. As environmental security is an emerging concern that cannot be addressed with traditional solutions, new ways of dealing with it need to be developed. Cooperation forms the core of such means, aiming an intersectoral approach and ensuring broad stakeholder participation in order to integrate the principle of sustainable development into national policies.
近年来,出现了越来越复杂的安全威胁,凸显了在各级加强和密切安全合作的必要性。由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型引起的危机将欧洲的安全带到了最前沿,考验了一旦基础设施变得复杂,应对危机的能力,以及应对危机的手段。近几十年来,东欧饱受各种冲突的困扰,如今仍面临许多挑战,如人口增长失控、生活水平下降以及全球变暖导致的气候变化。后者将在未来加剧局势。由于环境安全是一个新出现的问题,传统解决方案无法解决,因此需要制定新的解决方法。合作是这些手段的核心,旨在采取跨部门方法,确保利益攸关方广泛参与,以便将可持续发展原则纳入国家政策。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 人机工程学在人力资源管理中的重要性
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-46
Mariana FRASZIN (GURĂU)
The role of human resources management is to have competent and motivated staff for maximum results and this objective is supported by the application of management policies and strategies at the organizational level. The importance of ergonomics in human resource management has been specified in numerous presentations of researchers, especially in the military field. This article presents some aspects associated with human resource management and the positive effects that ergonomics has in optimizing working conditions. It also describes the correspondence between increasing the performance of the organization and ergonomic interventions in the interaction between technique/equipment and staff.
人力资源管理的作用是使有能力和积极进取的工作人员取得最大的成果,这一目标得到在组织一级实施管理政策和战略的支持。人类工程学在人力资源管理中的重要性已在许多研究人员的报告中得到明确说明,特别是在军事领域。本文介绍了与人力资源管理相关的一些方面,以及人机工程学在优化工作条件方面的积极作用。它还描述了在技术/设备和员工之间的互动中提高组织绩效和人体工程学干预之间的对应关系。
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引用次数: 0
THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY 现实的社会建构
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-50
Constantin Mireanu
Defining reality and the mechanisms by which people perceive it is a difficult and challenging task in this age of post-truth, where everything is relative, interpretable, and dynamic, without generally accepted norms. However, there is a close relationship between the human and the social environment. This binomial is a construction that integrates the human mind, body, spirit and environment. The continuous interaction between the human and the social environment creates the reality that manifests itself as a continuous process of coding and decoding. But, the way we interpret a situation determines the consequences of our actions and even the way things can evolve, so starting from the wrong premises, from a wrong interpretation of a situation, people behave accordingly. Therefore, in this material starting from the way the representation of the individual is formed about the environment, society, world from the perspective of neuroscience, social psychology, cognitive sociology, the main aspects of how to construct reality will be reviewed.  
在后真相时代,一切都是相对的、可解释的、动态的,没有普遍接受的规范,在这个时代,定义现实和人们感知现实的机制是一项困难而具有挑战性的任务。然而,人与社会环境之间有着密切的关系。这个二项式是一个集人的思想、身体、精神和环境于一体的结构。人与社会环境之间的持续互动创造了现实,而现实表现为一个持续的编码和解码过程。但是,我们解释情况的方式决定了我们行为的后果,甚至决定了事情发展的方式,所以从错误的前提开始,从对情况的错误解释开始,人们就会做出相应的行为。因此,本材料将从个体对环境、社会、世界的表征形成的方式出发,从神经科学、社会心理学、认知社会学的角度,对如何建构现实的主要方面进行综述。
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引用次数: 0
PROMOTING DIGITAL DIPLOMACY THROUGH EDUCATION 通过教育推动数字外交
Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-39
Victor Vevera
The implementation of information and communication technologies in the field of international relations has generated important changes, including the emergence of digital diplomacy, which is accompanied by all the challenges of a new beginning. In this article we aim to analyze the extent to which diplomacy is prepared to deal with the contemporary world. In the same we will argue for the need to reconstruct the diplomats' training model so that it can become competitive regardless of the unexpected direction society could follow. From our point of view, the Romanian research organizations (INCD and universities with related specifics) are the ones that must give the directions to follow in conceptualizing the training programs for digital diplomats (including those formed before the emergence of the new platforms and tools dedicated to communication with the public).  
信息通信技术在国际关系领域的应用产生了重要变化,数字外交应运而生,随之而来的是各种挑战的新起点。在本文中,我们旨在分析外交在多大程度上准备好应对当代世界。同样,我们将主张需要重建外交官的培训模式,以便无论社会可能遵循的意外方向如何,它都能具有竞争力。从我们的观点来看,罗马尼亚的研究机构(INCD和相关的大学)必须在数字外交官培训计划的概念化方面提供指导(包括那些在新平台和工具出现之前形成的,致力于与公众沟通)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University
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