Jun Li, Qingqing Chai, Ranran Niu, Wenfeng Pan, Zhiquan Chen, Liang Wang, Kai Wang, Zhongyi Liu, Yifeng Liu, Yao Xiao, Bin Liu
Ternary halo-sulfur bismuth compound Bi19X3S27 (X = Cl, Br, I) with distinct electronic structure and full-spectrum light-harvesting properties show great application potential in the CO2 photoreduction field. However, the relationship between photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance and the function of halogens in Bi19X3S27 is still poorly understood. Herein, a series of Bi19X3S27 nanorod photocatalysts with intrinsic X and S dual vacancies were developed, which showed significant near-infrared (NIR) light responses. The types and concentrations of intrinsic vacancies were confirmed and quantified by positron annihilation spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that Br atoms and intrinsic vacancies (dual Br-S) in Bi19Br3S27 could greatly enhance the internal polarized electric field and improve the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers compared with Bi19Cl3S27 and Bi19I3S27. Theoretical calculations revealed that Br atoms in Bi19Br3S27 could facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation and decrease the formation energy of reactive hydrogen. Among Bi19X3S27 nanorods, Bi19Br3S27 nanorods revealed the highest CO2 photoreduction activity with CO yield rate of 28.68 and 2.28 μmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 with full-spectrum and NIR lights, respectively. This work presents an atomic understanding of the intrinsic vacancies and halogen-mediated CO2 photoreduction mechanism.
三元卤硫铋化合物 Bi19X3S27（X = Cl、Br、I）具有独特的电子结构和全光谱采光特性，在二氧化碳光催化领域具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，人们对光催化还原 CO2 性能与 Bi19X3S27 中卤素功能之间的关系还知之甚少。本文开发了一系列具有固有 X 和 S 双空位的 Bi19X3S27 纳米棒光催化剂，其对近红外（NIR）光有显著的响应。正电子湮灭光谱法和电子自旋共振光谱法确认并量化了本征空位的类型和浓度。实验结果表明，与 Bi19Cl3S27 和 Bi19I3S27 相比，Bi19Br3S27 中的 Br 原子和本征空位（双 Br-S）能极大地增强内部极化电场，改善光生载流子的转移和分离。理论计算显示，Bi19Br3S27 中的 Br 原子可以促进 CO2 的吸附和活化，降低活性氢的形成能。在 Bi19X3S27 纳米棒中，Bi19Br3S27 纳米棒的 CO2 光还原活性最高，在全光谱光和近红外光下的 CO 产率分别为 28.68 和 2.28 μmol gcatalyst-1 h-1。这项工作从原子角度揭示了本征空位和卤素介导的 CO2 光还原机制。
{"title":"Identification of intrinsic vacancies and polarization effect on ternary halo-sulfur-bismuth compounds for efficient CO2 photoreduction under near-infrared light irradiation","authors":"Jun Li, Qingqing Chai, Ranran Niu, Wenfeng Pan, Zhiquan Chen, Liang Wang, Kai Wang, Zhongyi Liu, Yifeng Liu, Yao Xiao, Bin Liu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.598","url":null,"abstract":"Ternary halo-sulfur bismuth compound Bi<sub>19</sub>X<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> (X = Cl, Br, I) with distinct electronic structure and full-spectrum light-harvesting properties show great application potential in the CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction field. However, the relationship between photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction performance and the function of halogens in Bi<sub>19</sub>X<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> is still poorly understood. Herein, a series of Bi<sub>19</sub>X<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> nanorod photocatalysts with intrinsic X and S dual vacancies were developed, which showed significant near-infrared (NIR) light responses. The types and concentrations of intrinsic vacancies were confirmed and quantified by positron annihilation spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that Br atoms and intrinsic vacancies (dual Br-S) in Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> could greatly enhance the internal polarized electric field and improve the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers compared with Bi<sub>19</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> and Bi<sub>19</sub>I<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>. Theoretical calculations revealed that Br atoms in Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> could facilitate CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and activation and decrease the formation energy of reactive hydrogen. Among Bi<sub>19</sub>X<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> nanorods, Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> nanorods revealed the highest CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction activity with CO yield rate of 28.68 and 2.28 μmol g<sub>catalyst</sub><sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with full-spectrum and NIR lights, respectively. This work presents an atomic understanding of the intrinsic vacancies and halogen-mediated CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible electrode design with robust structure and good performance is one of the priorities for flexible batteries to power emerging wearable electronics, and organic cathode materials have become contenders for flexible self-supporting electrodes. However, issues such as easy electrolyte solubility and low intrinsic conductivity contribute to high polarization and rapid capacity decay. Herein, we have designed a flexible self-supporting cathode based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), interfacial engineering enhanced by polypyrrole (PPy), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), forming the interconnected and flexible PTCDA/PPy/CNTs using polymerization reaction and vacuum filtration methods, effectively curbing those challenges. When used as the cathode of sodium-ion batteries, PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit excellent rate capability (105.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C), outstanding cycling stability (79.4% capacity retention at 5 C after 500 cycles), and remarkable wide temperature application capability (86.5 mAh g−1 at −30°C and 115.4 mAh g−1 at 60°C). The sodium storage mechanism was verified to be a reversible oxidation reaction between two Na+ ions and carbonyl groups by density functional theory calculations, in situ infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the pouch cells based on PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit good mechanical flexibility in various mechanical states. This work inspires more rational designs of flexible and self-supporting organic cathodes, promoting the development of high-performance and wide-temperature adaptable wearable electronic devices.
结构坚固、性能良好的柔性电极设计是为新兴可穿戴电子设备供电的柔性电池的首要任务之一，而有机阴极材料已成为柔性自支撑电极的竞争者。然而，电解质易溶和固有电导率低等问题导致极化率高和容量衰减快。在此，我们设计了一种基于过烯-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐（PTCDA）的柔性自支撑阴极，利用聚吡咯（PPy）和碳纳米管（CNTs）增强界面工程，采用聚合反应和真空过滤方法形成相互连接的柔性 PTCDA/PPy/CNTs，有效地解决了这些难题。PTCDA/PPy/CNTs 用作钠离子电池的阴极时，表现出卓越的速率能力（20℃时为 105.7 mAh g-1）、出色的循环稳定性（500 次循环后 5℃时容量保持率为 79.4%）和显著的宽温应用能力（-30℃时为 86.5 mAh g-1，60℃时为 115.4 mAh g-1）。通过密度泛函理论计算、原位红外傅立叶变换红外光谱和原位拉曼光谱，验证了钠储存机制是两个 Na+ 离子和羰基之间的可逆氧化反应。令人惊讶的是，基于 PTCDA/PPy/CNTs 的袋状电池在各种机械状态下都表现出良好的机械柔韧性。这项工作启发人们对柔性自支撑有机阴极进行更合理的设计，促进高性能、宽温适应性可穿戴电子设备的发展。
{"title":"Flexible self-supporting organic cathode with interface engineering for high-performance and wide-temperature sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Lei Wang, Suqiao Fang, Haichao Wang, Qianqian Peng, Yifeng Liu, Hanghang Dong, Hao Yan, Yong Wang, Shulei Chou, Bing Sun, Yao Xiao, Shuangqiang Chen","doi":"10.1002/cey2.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.632","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electrode design with robust structure and good performance is one of the priorities for flexible batteries to power emerging wearable electronics, and organic cathode materials have become contenders for flexible self-supporting electrodes. However, issues such as easy electrolyte solubility and low intrinsic conductivity contribute to high polarization and rapid capacity decay. Herein, we have designed a flexible self-supporting cathode based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), interfacial engineering enhanced by polypyrrole (PPy), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), forming the interconnected and flexible PTCDA/PPy/CNTs using polymerization reaction and vacuum filtration methods, effectively curbing those challenges. When used as the cathode of sodium-ion batteries, PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit excellent rate capability (105.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 20 C), outstanding cycling stability (79.4% capacity retention at 5 C after 500 cycles), and remarkable wide temperature application capability (86.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at −30°C and 115.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 60°C). The sodium storage mechanism was verified to be a reversible oxidation reaction between two Na<sup>+</sup> ions and carbonyl groups by density functional theory calculations, in situ infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the pouch cells based on PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit good mechanical flexibility in various mechanical states. This work inspires more rational designs of flexible and self-supporting organic cathodes, promoting the development of high-performance and wide-temperature adaptable wearable electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong-Seok Choi, Jiwon Jeong, Youngin Lee, Hyuna Ahn, David O. Scanlon, Kyung Yoon Chung, Jae-Chul Lee
Enhancing the ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) through dual-doping is a well-established approach, yet the atomic-level mechanisms driving these improvements remain elusive. By dual-doping Ge and Cl into the Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) framework, we synthesized Ge/Cl-doped LGPS (Li10+xGe1+2xP2−2xS12−xClx, x = 0.3) with an ionic conductivity of 12.4 mS/cm at 25°C, a value that stands among the highest for LGPS-type SEs. This achievement emphasizes the pivotal role of dopant selection in modulating Li-ion transport mechanisms, thereby enhancing SE performance. Our research elucidates the intricate atomic mechanisms responsible for this enhanced ionic conductivity, with a particular focus on the synergistic effects of Ge and Cl dual-doping. Integrating advanced multianalytical techniques, including experiments and atomistic modeling (machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations), we provide comprehensive insights into the structure–property relationship in Ge/Cl-doped LGPS SEs. Our findings reveal that Cl doping significantly enhances the paddle-wheel dynamics, while Ge doping promotes cooperative Li diffusion through the formation of Li interstitials. This dual-doping approach not only elucidates the structural and functional dynamics of SEs but also paves the way for designing dopants to enhance ionic conductivity. The insights gained from this study offer a strategic direction for developing higher-performance SEs, highlighting the importance of tailored dopant selection in advancing energy storage technologies.
通过双重掺杂提高硫化物固体电解质（SEs）的离子电导率是一种行之有效的方法，但驱动这些改进的原子级机制仍然难以捉摸。通过在 Li10GeP2S12（LGPS）框架中双掺杂 Ge 和 Cl，我们合成了掺杂 Ge/Cl 的 LGPS（Li10+xGe1+2xP2-2xS12-xClx，x = 0.3），其在 25°C 时的离子电导率为 12.4 mS/cm，是 LGPS 型 SE 的最高值之一。这一成就强调了掺杂剂选择在调节锂离子传输机制，从而提高 SE 性能方面的关键作用。我们的研究阐明了导致离子传导性增强的复杂原子机制，尤其关注 Ge 和 Cl 双掺杂的协同效应。通过整合先进的多分析技术，包括实验和原子建模（机器学习辅助分子动力学模拟和密度泛函理论计算），我们对掺杂 Ge/Cl 的 LGPS SE 的结构-性能关系有了全面的了解。我们的研究结果表明，Cl 掺杂显著增强了桨轮动力学，而 Ge 掺杂则通过形成锂间隙促进了锂的协同扩散。这种双重掺杂方法不仅阐明了 SE 的结构和功能动力学，还为设计掺杂剂以增强离子导电性铺平了道路。从这项研究中获得的启示为开发更高性能的 SE 提供了一个战略方向，突出了量身定制的掺杂剂选择在推动储能技术发展中的重要性。
{"title":"Li-ion transport mechanisms in Ge/Cl dual-doped Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes: Synergistic insights from experimental structural characterization and machine-learning-assisted atomistic modeling","authors":"Yong-Seok Choi, Jiwon Jeong, Youngin Lee, Hyuna Ahn, David O. Scanlon, Kyung Yoon Chung, Jae-Chul Lee","doi":"10.1002/cey2.594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.594","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing the ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) through dual-doping is a well-established approach, yet the atomic-level mechanisms driving these improvements remain elusive. By dual-doping Ge and Cl into the Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub> (LGPS) framework, we synthesized Ge/Cl-doped LGPS (Li<sub>10+<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub>1+2<i>x</i></sub>P<sub>2−2<i>x</i></sub>S<sub>12−<i>x</i></sub>Cl<sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>x</i> = 0.3) with an ionic conductivity of 12.4 mS/cm at 25°C, a value that stands among the highest for LGPS-type SEs. This achievement emphasizes the pivotal role of dopant selection in modulating Li-ion transport mechanisms, thereby enhancing SE performance. Our research elucidates the intricate atomic mechanisms responsible for this enhanced ionic conductivity, with a particular focus on the synergistic effects of Ge and Cl dual-doping. Integrating advanced multianalytical techniques, including experiments and atomistic modeling (machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations), we provide comprehensive insights into the structure–property relationship in Ge/Cl-doped LGPS SEs. Our findings reveal that Cl doping significantly enhances the paddle-wheel dynamics, while Ge doping promotes cooperative Li diffusion through the formation of Li interstitials. This dual-doping approach not only elucidates the structural and functional dynamics of SEs but also paves the way for designing dopants to enhance ionic conductivity. The insights gained from this study offer a strategic direction for developing higher-performance SEs, highlighting the importance of tailored dopant selection in advancing energy storage technologies.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunhua Wang, Yang Ding, Yannan Wang, Zhirun Xie, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xin Li, Yun Hau Ng
Solar-driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their exceptional photoelectronic properties and low-cost solution processing, enabling successful applications in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, organic synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Despite these successes, the practical applications of MHPs are limited by their water instability. In this review, the recently developed strategies driving MHP-catalyzed reactions in aqueous media are outlined. We first articulate the structures and properties of MHPs, followed by elaborating on the origin of instability in MHPs. Then, we highlight the advances in solar-driven MHP-based catalytic systems in aqueous solutions, focusing on developing external protection strategies and intrinsically water-stable MHP materials. With each approach offering peculiar sets of advantages and challenges, we conclude by outlining potentially promising opportunities and directions for MHP-based photocatalysis research in aqueous conditions moving forward. We anticipate that this timely review will provide some inspiration for the design of MHP-based photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating their applications in aqueous environments for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
{"title":"Metal halide perovskites for solar-to-chemical energy conversion in aqueous media","authors":"Chunhua Wang, Yang Ding, Yannan Wang, Zhirun Xie, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xin Li, Yun Hau Ng","doi":"10.1002/cey2.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.500","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their exceptional photoelectronic properties and low-cost solution processing, enabling successful applications in H<sub>2</sub> evolution, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, organic synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Despite these successes, the practical applications of MHPs are limited by their water instability. In this review, the recently developed strategies driving MHP-catalyzed reactions in aqueous media are outlined. We first articulate the structures and properties of MHPs, followed by elaborating on the origin of instability in MHPs. Then, we highlight the advances in solar-driven MHP-based catalytic systems in aqueous solutions, focusing on developing external protection strategies and intrinsically water-stable MHP materials. With each approach offering peculiar sets of advantages and challenges, we conclude by outlining potentially promising opportunities and directions for MHP-based photocatalysis research in aqueous conditions moving forward. We anticipate that this timely review will provide some inspiration for the design of MHP-based photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating their applications in aqueous environments for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Yu, Lili Xue, Yaqing Xue, Haoting Lu, Yuxin Liu, Long Wang, Cheng-Feng Du, Weimin Liu
MAX phase ceramics is a large family of nanolaminate carbides and nitrides, which integrates the advantages of both metals and ceramics, in general, the distinct chemical inertness of ceramics and excellent physical properties like metals. Meanwhile, the rich chemical and structural diversity of the MAXs endows them with broad space for property regulation. Especially, a much higher self-lubricity, as well as wear resistance, than that of traditional alloys and ceramics, has been observed in MAXs at elevated temperatures in recent decades, which manifests a great application potential and sparks tremendous research interest. Aiming at establishing a correlation among structure, chemical composition, working conditions, and the tribological behaviors of MAXs, this work overviews the recent progress in their high-temperature (HT) tribological properties, accompanied by advances in synthesis and structure analysis. HT tribological-specific behaviors, including the stress responses and damage mechanism, oxidation mechanism, and wear mechanism, are discussed. Whereafter, the tribological behaviors along with factors related to the tribological working conditions are discussed. Accordingly, outlooks of MAX phase ceramics for future HT solid lubricants are given based on the optimization of present mechanical properties and processing technologies.
MAX 相陶瓷是纳米层状碳化物和氮化物的大家族，集金属和陶瓷的优点于一身，既有陶瓷的化学惰性，又有金属的优异物理性能。同时，MAXs 丰富的化学和结构多样性为其性能调节提供了广阔的空间。尤其是近几十年来，人们观察到 MAX 在高温下具有比传统合金和陶瓷高得多的自润滑性和耐磨性，这体现了其巨大的应用潜力，也激发了人们极大的研究兴趣。为了建立 MAXs 的结构、化学成分、工作条件和摩擦学行为之间的相关性，本研究综述了 MAXs 高温（HT）摩擦学特性的最新进展，以及合成和结构分析方面的进展。本文讨论了高温摩擦学特性，包括应力反应和损伤机制、氧化机制和磨损机制。此外，还讨论了摩擦学行为以及与摩擦学工作条件相关的因素。因此，在优化现有机械性能和加工技术的基础上，对未来 HT 固体润滑剂的 MAX 相陶瓷进行了展望。
{"title":"Mapping the structure and chemical composition of MAX phase ceramics for their high-temperature tribological behaviors","authors":"Hong Yu, Lili Xue, Yaqing Xue, Haoting Lu, Yuxin Liu, Long Wang, Cheng-Feng Du, Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.597","url":null,"abstract":"MAX phase ceramics is a large family of nanolaminate carbides and nitrides, which integrates the advantages of both metals and ceramics, in general, the distinct chemical inertness of ceramics and excellent physical properties like metals. Meanwhile, the rich chemical and structural diversity of the MAXs endows them with broad space for property regulation. Especially, a much higher self-lubricity, as well as wear resistance, than that of traditional alloys and ceramics, has been observed in MAXs at elevated temperatures in recent decades, which manifests a great application potential and sparks tremendous research interest. Aiming at establishing a correlation among structure, chemical composition, working conditions, and the tribological behaviors of MAXs, this work overviews the recent progress in their high-temperature (HT) tribological properties, accompanied by advances in synthesis and structure analysis. HT tribological-specific behaviors, including the stress responses and damage mechanism, oxidation mechanism, and wear mechanism, are discussed. Whereafter, the tribological behaviors along with factors related to the tribological working conditions are discussed. Accordingly, outlooks of MAX phase ceramics for future HT solid lubricants are given based on the optimization of present mechanical properties and processing technologies.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid advancement of terahertz technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are needed to ensure secure electromagnetic environments. Enormous efforts have been devoted to achieving highly efficient EMI shielding films by enhancing flexibility, lightweight, mechanical robustness, and high shielding efficiency. However, the consideration of the optical properties of these shielding materials is still in its infancy. By incorporating transparency, visual information from protected systems can be preserved for monitoring interior working conditions, and the optical imperceptibility allows nonoffensive and easy cover of shielding materials for both device and biology. There are many materials that can be applied to transparent EMI shields. In particular, two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitrides (MXenes), possessing the advantages of superior conductivity, optical properties, favorable flexibility, and facile processibility, have become a great candidate. This work reviews the recent research on developing highly efficient and optically transparent EMI shields in a comprehensive way. Materials from MXenes, indium tin oxide, metal, carbon, and conductive polymers are covered, with a focus on the employment of MXene-based composites in transparent EMI shielding. The prospects and challenges for the future development of MXene-based transparent EMI shields are discussed. This work aims to promote the development of high-performance, optically transparent EMI shields for broader applications by leveraging MXenes.
{"title":"Transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials using MXene","authors":"Yanli Deng, Yaqing Chen, Wei Liu, Lili Wu, Zhou Wang, Dan Xiao, Decheng Meng, Xingguo Jiang, Jiurong Liu, Zhihui Zeng, Na Wu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.593","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of terahertz technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are needed to ensure secure electromagnetic environments. Enormous efforts have been devoted to achieving highly efficient EMI shielding films by enhancing flexibility, lightweight, mechanical robustness, and high shielding efficiency. However, the consideration of the optical properties of these shielding materials is still in its infancy. By incorporating transparency, visual information from protected systems can be preserved for monitoring interior working conditions, and the optical imperceptibility allows nonoffensive and easy cover of shielding materials for both device and biology. There are many materials that can be applied to transparent EMI shields. In particular, two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitrides (MXenes), possessing the advantages of superior conductivity, optical properties, favorable flexibility, and facile processibility, have become a great candidate. This work reviews the recent research on developing highly efficient and optically transparent EMI shields in a comprehensive way. Materials from MXenes, indium tin oxide, metal, carbon, and conductive polymers are covered, with a focus on the employment of MXene-based composites in transparent EMI shielding. The prospects and challenges for the future development of MXene-based transparent EMI shields are discussed. This work aims to promote the development of high-performance, optically transparent EMI shields for broader applications by leveraging MXenes.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Embedding a third and/or fourth component into a binary blend active layer of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is a promising approach to achieve high-performance photovoltaic cells and modules. This multicomponent strategy favors absorption broadening via additional components. Quaternary OPV (QOPV) blends have four components in three possible configurations: (i) a donor and three acceptors, (ii) two donors and two acceptors, or (iii) three donors and an acceptor. Although quaternary systems have only been relatively recently studied compared to other systems in OPVs, leveraging the synergistic effects of the four components leads to record power conversion efficiencies, currently approaching 20%. QOPVs provide ample material choices for compatibility and channels for charge transfer mechanisms, possibly leading to optimized morphology and orientation. Reviewing recent progress in advancing QOPVs is essential for understanding their contribution to the OPV field. The review mainly discusses research progress in QOPVs with a keen interest in their various configurations, semitransparency, and outdoor and indoor applications. It describes the not-well-understood QOPV's general working mechanism. This review explores high-performance QOPVs based on the fourth component's contribution as a donor, acceptor, or dye molecule and beyond in photovoltaic applications. Finally, there is a discussion around QOPV's outlook and projected future research directions in this field. This review intends to provide an overview of the quaternary systems approach to OPVs and inform current and future researchers on investigating the full spectrum of OPVs.
{"title":"Multicomponent organic blend systems: A review of quaternary organic photovoltaics","authors":"Kekeli N'Konou, Souk Y. Kim, Nutifafa Y. Doumon","doi":"10.1002/cey2.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.579","url":null,"abstract":"Embedding a third and/or fourth component into a binary blend active layer of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is a promising approach to achieve high-performance photovoltaic cells and modules. This multicomponent strategy favors absorption broadening via additional components. Quaternary OPV (QOPV) blends have four components in three possible configurations: (i) a donor and three acceptors, (ii) two donors and two acceptors, or (iii) three donors and an acceptor. Although quaternary systems have only been relatively recently studied compared to other systems in OPVs, leveraging the synergistic effects of the four components leads to record power conversion efficiencies, currently approaching 20%. QOPVs provide ample material choices for compatibility and channels for charge transfer mechanisms, possibly leading to optimized morphology and orientation. Reviewing recent progress in advancing QOPVs is essential for understanding their contribution to the OPV field. The review mainly discusses research progress in QOPVs with a keen interest in their various configurations, semitransparency, and outdoor and indoor applications. It describes the not-well-understood QOPV's general working mechanism. This review explores high-performance QOPVs based on the fourth component's contribution as a donor, acceptor, or dye molecule and beyond in photovoltaic applications. Finally, there is a discussion around QOPV's outlook and projected future research directions in this field. This review intends to provide an overview of the quaternary systems approach to OPVs and inform current and future researchers on investigating the full spectrum of OPVs.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Jegan Roy, Do Minh Phuong, Vivek Verma, Richa Chaudhary, Michael Carboni, Daniel Meyer, Bin Cao, Madhavi Srinivasan
Front cover image: Integrating automation and intelligence into battery sorting can decrease dependence on humans, minimize risk and cost, and enhance sorting speed while upholding competitive performance. In the image, the first robot is capable of extracting bolts and nuts, as well as unscrewing screws from the battery pack, using a camera equipped with vision technology. The second robot then picks up the cells and organizes them into clusters based on their remaining capacity. A third robot cuts the cell case and separates the cathode and anode components from the polymer separator. In article cey2.492, Roy et al. provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in direct recycling LIBs and discuss several aspects of the recycling process, such as battery sorting, pre-treatment methods, the separation of cathode and anode materials, and the regeneration and quality enhancement of electrode materials.
{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 6, Number 6, June 2024","authors":"Joseph Jegan Roy, Do Minh Phuong, Vivek Verma, Richa Chaudhary, Michael Carboni, Daniel Meyer, Bin Cao, Madhavi Srinivasan","doi":"10.1002/cey2.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b><i>Front cover image</i></b>: Integrating automation and intelligence into battery sorting can decrease dependence on humans, minimize risk and cost, and enhance sorting speed while upholding competitive performance. In the image, the first robot is capable of extracting bolts and nuts, as well as unscrewing screws from the battery pack, using a camera equipped with vision technology. The second robot then picks up the cells and organizes them into clusters based on their remaining capacity. A third robot cuts the cell case and separates the cathode and anode components from the polymer separator. In article cey2.492, Roy et al. provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in direct recycling LIBs and discuss several aspects of the recycling process, such as battery sorting, pre-treatment methods, the separation of cathode and anode materials, and the regeneration and quality enhancement of electrode materials.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Back cover image: Despite the huge potential of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries due to the high energy density and energy-to-price ratio, the commercial survival of this promising energy storage device is plagued by the polysulfide shuttling and sluggish redox reactions. In the article number cey2.450, Xiang and co-works report a series of novel carbon nanofibers (CNFs) interlayers that are composed of CNFs substrate, Cu nanoparticles decorations, and TiN coatings. Systematic control experiments confirm that lowcrystalline TiN coating exhibits stronger chemical adsorption toward polysulfides than its highly-crystalline counterpart, contributing to enhanced reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance.
{"title":"Back Cover Image, Volume 6, Number 6, June 2024","authors":"Yinyu Xiang, Liqiang Lu, Feng Yan, Debarun Sengupta, Petra Rudolf, Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli, Yutao Pei","doi":"10.1002/cey2.635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b><i>Back cover image</i></b>: Despite the huge potential of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries due to the high energy density and energy-to-price ratio, the commercial survival of this promising energy storage device is plagued by the polysulfide shuttling and sluggish redox reactions. In the article number cey2.450, Xiang and co-works report a series of novel carbon nanofibers (CNFs) interlayers that are composed of CNFs substrate, Cu nanoparticles decorations, and TiN coatings. Systematic control experiments confirm that lowcrystalline TiN coating exhibits stronger chemical adsorption toward polysulfides than its highly-crystalline counterpart, contributing to enhanced reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing high-capacity and high-rate anodes is significant to engineering sodium-ion batteries with high energy density and high power density. Layered Na2Ti3O7 (NTO), with an open crystal structure, large theoretical capacity, and low working potential, is recognized as one of the prospective anodes for sodium storage. Nevertheless, it suffers from sluggish sodiation kinetics and low (micro)structure stability triggered by a high Na+ diffusion barrier and weak adhesion of [Ti3O7] slabs. Herein, the interlayered local structure of NTO is regulated to solve the above issues, in which parts of interlayered Na+ sites are substituted by H+ (Na2−xHxTi3O7 [NHTO]). Theoretical calculations prove that the NHTO offers lower activation energy for Na+ transports and low interlayer spacings with alleviated Na–Na repulsion and relatively flexible [Ti3O7] slabs to reduce fractural stress. In situ and ex situ characterizations of (micro)structure evolution reveal that NHTO goes through transformation between H-rich and Na-rich phases, resulting in high structure stability and microstructure integrity. The optimal NHTO anode delivers a high capacity of 190.6 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C after 300 cycles and a superior high-rate stability of 90.6 mA h g−1 at 50 C over 10,000 cycles at room temperature. Besides, it offers a capacity of 50.3 mA h g−1 after 1800 cycles at a low temperature of −20°C and 195.7 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a high temperature of 40°C at 0.5 C. The developed topologically interlayered local structure regulation strategy would raise the prospect of designing high-performance layered anodes.
开发高容量和高倍率阳极对于制造高能量密度和高功率密度的钠离子电池意义重大。层状 Na2Ti3O7（NTO）具有开放晶体结构、理论容量大、工作电位低等特点，是公认的钠离子储能阳极之一。然而，由于 Na+ 扩散阻力大、[Ti3O7] 板的附着力弱，NTO 存在钠化动力学缓慢、（微）结构稳定性低等问题。为解决上述问题，本文对 NTO 的层间局部结构进行了调节，其中部分层间 Na+ 位点被 H+ 取代（Na2-xHxTi3O7 [NHTO]）。理论计算证明，NHTO 具有较低的 Na+ 迁移活化能和较低的层间间隔，可减轻 Na-Na 排斥和相对柔性的 [Ti3O7] 板，从而降低断裂应力。对（微）结构演化的原位和非原位表征显示，NHTO 经历了富 H 相和富 Na 相之间的转变，因而具有较高的结构稳定性和微结构完整性。最佳的 NHTO 阳极经过 300 次循环后，在 0.5 摄氏度时可达到 190.6 mA h g-1 的高容量，在室温下经过 10,000 次循环后，在 50 摄氏度时可达到 90.6 mA h g-1 的高倍率稳定性。此外，在-20°C的低温条件下循环 1800 次后，它的容量为 50.3 mA h g-1；在 0.5°C 的高温条件下循环 500 次后，它的容量为 195.7 mA h g-1。所开发的拓扑层间局部结构调节策略将为设计高性能层状阳极带来更广阔的前景。
{"title":"Topological proton regulation of interlayered local structure in sodium titanite for wide-temperature sodium storage","authors":"Ru-Ning Tian, Siwei Zhao, Zhuoran Lv, Guozhong Lu, Mengnuo Fu, Jingjing Chen, Dajian Wang, Chenlong Dong, Zhiyong Mao","doi":"10.1002/cey2.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.560","url":null,"abstract":"Developing high-capacity and high-rate anodes is significant to engineering sodium-ion batteries with high energy density and high power density. Layered Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NTO), with an open crystal structure, large theoretical capacity, and low working potential, is recognized as one of the prospective anodes for sodium storage. Nevertheless, it suffers from sluggish sodiation kinetics and low (micro)structure stability triggered by a high Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion barrier and weak adhesion of [Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>] slabs. Herein, the interlayered local structure of NTO is regulated to solve the above issues, in which parts of interlayered Na<sup>+</sup> sites are substituted by H<sup>+</sup> (Na<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> [NHTO]). Theoretical calculations prove that the NHTO offers lower activation energy for Na<sup>+</sup> transports and low interlayer spacings with alleviated Na–Na repulsion and relatively flexible [Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>] slabs to reduce fractural stress. In situ and ex situ characterizations of (micro)structure evolution reveal that NHTO goes through transformation between H-rich and Na-rich phases, resulting in high structure stability and microstructure integrity. The optimal NHTO anode delivers a high capacity of 190.6 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 C after 300 cycles and a superior high-rate stability of 90.6 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 50 C over 10,000 cycles at room temperature. Besides, it offers a capacity of 50.3 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> after 1800 cycles at a low temperature of −20°C and 195.7 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> after 500 cycles at a high temperature of 40°C at 0.5 C. The developed topologically interlayered local structure regulation strategy would raise the prospect of designing high-performance layered anodes.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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