Xiao Liu, Lihong Wu, Jun Liu, Haiming Lv, Pengpeng Mou, Shaohua Shi, Lei Yu, Gengping Wan, Guizhen Wang
The threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Although considerable progress has been made in high-performance MAMs, little attention was paid to their absorption frequency regulation to respond to variable input frequencies and their stability and durability to cope with complex environments. Here, a highly compressible polyimide-packaging carbon nanocoils/carbon foam (PI@CNCs/CF) fabricated by a facile vacuum impregnation method is reported to be used as a dynamically frequency-tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorber. PI@CNCs/CF exhibits good structural stability and mechanical properties, which allows precise absorption frequency tuning by simply changing its compression ratio. For the first time, the tunable effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole test frequency band (2−18 GHz) with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 10.8 GHz and the minimum reflection loss of −60.5 dB. Moreover, PI@CNCs/CF possesses excellent heat insulation, infrared stealth, self-cleaning, flame retardant, and acid-alkali corrosion resistance, which endows it high reliability even under various harsh environments and repeated compression testing. The frequency-tunable mechanism is elucidated by combining experiment and simulation results, possibly guiding in designing dynamically frequency-tunable MAMs with good environmental stability in the future.
电磁污染对信息安全的威胁引发了人们对开发微波吸收材料（MAM）的广泛兴趣。虽然在高性能微波吸收材料方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但人们很少关注它们对不同输入频率的吸收频率调节，以及它们应对复杂环境的稳定性和耐用性。本文报告了一种通过简便的真空浸渍法制造的高可压缩性聚酰亚胺包裹碳纳米oils/碳泡沫（PI@CNCs/CF），可用作动态频率可调且环境稳定的微波吸收器。PI@CNCs/CF 具有良好的结构稳定性和机械性能，只需改变其压缩比即可实现精确的吸收频率调节。可调谐的有效吸收带宽首次覆盖了整个测试频段（2-18 GHz），最宽有效吸收带宽为 10.8 GHz，最小反射损耗为 -60.5 dB。此外，PI@CNCs/CF 还具有优异的隔热性、红外隐身性、自洁性、阻燃性和耐酸碱腐蚀性，即使在各种恶劣环境和反复压缩测试下也能保持高可靠性。结合实验和仿真结果，阐明了频率可调的机理，为今后设计具有良好环境稳定性的动态频率可调 MAM 提供了指导。
{"title":"Dynamically frequency-tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorbers","authors":"Xiao Liu, Lihong Wu, Jun Liu, Haiming Lv, Pengpeng Mou, Shaohua Shi, Lei Yu, Gengping Wan, Guizhen Wang","doi":"10.1002/cey2.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.589","url":null,"abstract":"The threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Although considerable progress has been made in high-performance MAMs, little attention was paid to their absorption frequency regulation to respond to variable input frequencies and their stability and durability to cope with complex environments. Here, a highly compressible polyimide-packaging carbon nanocoils/carbon foam (PI@CNCs/CF) fabricated by a facile vacuum impregnation method is reported to be used as a dynamically frequency-tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorber. PI@CNCs/CF exhibits good structural stability and mechanical properties, which allows precise absorption frequency tuning by simply changing its compression ratio. For the first time, the tunable effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole test frequency band (2−18 GHz) with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 10.8 GHz and the minimum reflection loss of −60.5 dB. Moreover, PI@CNCs/CF possesses excellent heat insulation, infrared stealth, self-cleaning, flame retardant, and acid-alkali corrosion resistance, which endows it high reliability even under various harsh environments and repeated compression testing. The frequency-tunable mechanism is elucidated by combining experiment and simulation results, possibly guiding in designing dynamically frequency-tunable MAMs with good environmental stability in the future.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingzhao Wang, Xin Chen, Jianan Wang, Xiangming Cui, Ze Wang, Guangpeng Zhang, Wei Lyu, Maxim Shkunov, S. Ravi P. Silva, Yaozu Liao, Kai Yang, Wei Yan
Lithium–gas batteries (LGBs) have garnered significant attention due to their impressive high-energy densities and unique gas conversion capability. Nevertheless, the practical application of LGBs faces substantial challenges, including sluggish gas conversion kinetics inducing in low-rate performance and high overpotential, along with limited electrochemical reversibility leading to poor cycle life. The imperative task is to develop gas electrodes with remarkable catalytic activity, abundant active sites, and exceptional electrochemical stability. Electrospinning, a versatile and well-established technique for fabricating fibrous nanomaterials, has been extensively explored in LGB applications. In this work, we emphasize the critical structure–property for ideal gas electrodes and summarize the advancement of employing electrospun nanofibers (NFs) for performance enhancement in LGBs. Beyond elucidating the fundamental principles of LGBs and the electrospinning technique, we focus on the systematic design of electrospun NF-based gas electrodes regarding optimal structural fabrication, catalyst handling and activation, and catalytic site optimization, as well as considerations for large-scale implementation. The demonstrated principles and regulations for electrode design are expected to inspire broad applications in catalyst-based energy applications.
{"title":"Electrospinning engineering of gas electrodes for high-performance lithium–gas batteries","authors":"Jingzhao Wang, Xin Chen, Jianan Wang, Xiangming Cui, Ze Wang, Guangpeng Zhang, Wei Lyu, Maxim Shkunov, S. Ravi P. Silva, Yaozu Liao, Kai Yang, Wei Yan","doi":"10.1002/cey2.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.572","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium–gas batteries (LGBs) have garnered significant attention due to their impressive high-energy densities and unique gas conversion capability. Nevertheless, the practical application of LGBs faces substantial challenges, including sluggish gas conversion kinetics inducing in low-rate performance and high overpotential, along with limited electrochemical reversibility leading to poor cycle life. The imperative task is to develop gas electrodes with remarkable catalytic activity, abundant active sites, and exceptional electrochemical stability. Electrospinning, a versatile and well-established technique for fabricating fibrous nanomaterials, has been extensively explored in LGB applications. In this work, we emphasize the critical structure–property for ideal gas electrodes and summarize the advancement of employing electrospun nanofibers (NFs) for performance enhancement in LGBs. Beyond elucidating the fundamental principles of LGBs and the electrospinning technique, we focus on the systematic design of electrospun NF-based gas electrodes regarding optimal structural fabrication, catalyst handling and activation, and catalytic site optimization, as well as considerations for large-scale implementation. The demonstrated principles and regulations for electrode design are expected to inspire broad applications in catalyst-based energy applications.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bowen Li, Lianmei Kang, Yongfeng Lun, Jinli Yu, Shuqin Song, Yi Wang
Remarkable progress has characterized the field of electrocatalysis in recent decades, driven in part by an enhanced comprehension of catalyst structures and mechanisms at the nanoscale. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters, serving as exemplary models, significantly expand the range of accessible structures through diverse cores and ligands, creating an exceptional platform for the investigation of catalytic reactions. Notably, ligand-protected Au nanoclusters (NCs) with precisely defined core numbers offer a distinct advantage in elucidating the correlation between their specific structures and the reaction mechanisms in electrocatalysis. The strategic modulation of the fine microstructures of Au NCs presents crucial opportunities for tailoring their electrocatalytic performance across various reactions. This review delves into the profound structural effects of Au NC cores and ligands in electrocatalysis, elucidating their underlying mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the fundamentals of Au NCs, considering core and ligand structures, follows. Subsequently, the interaction between the core and ligand structures of Au NCs and their impact on electrocatalytic performance in diverse reactions are examined. Concluding the discourse, challenges and personal prospects are presented to guide the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts and advance electrocatalytic reactions.
近几十年来，电催化领域取得了显著进展，部分原因是对纳米级催化剂结构和机理的理解得到了提高。原子级精密金属纳米簇作为典范，通过不同的核心和配体大大扩展了可访问结构的范围，为研究催化反应创造了一个卓越的平台。值得注意的是，配体保护的金纳米簇（NC）具有精确定义的核数，在阐明其特定结构与电催化反应机制之间的相关性方面具有明显优势。对金纳米团簇的微观结构进行战略性调控，为定制其在各种反应中的电催化性能提供了重要机会。本综述深入探讨了 Au NC 内核和配体在电催化中的深远结构影响，并阐明了其潜在机制。接下来将详细探讨 Au NC 的基本原理，包括核心和配体结构。随后，研究了 Au NCs 内核和配体结构之间的相互作用及其对各种反应中电催化性能的影响。最后，提出了面临的挑战和个人展望，以指导高效电催化剂的合理设计和推进电催化反应。
{"title":"Structure–performance relationship of Au nanoclusters in electrocatalysis: Metal core and ligand structure","authors":"Bowen Li, Lianmei Kang, Yongfeng Lun, Jinli Yu, Shuqin Song, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1002/cey2.547","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Remarkable progress has characterized the field of electrocatalysis in recent decades, driven in part by an enhanced comprehension of catalyst structures and mechanisms at the nanoscale. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters, serving as exemplary models, significantly expand the range of accessible structures through diverse cores and ligands, creating an exceptional platform for the investigation of catalytic reactions. Notably, ligand-protected Au nanoclusters (NCs) with precisely defined core numbers offer a distinct advantage in elucidating the correlation between their specific structures and the reaction mechanisms in electrocatalysis. The strategic modulation of the fine microstructures of Au NCs presents crucial opportunities for tailoring their electrocatalytic performance across various reactions. This review delves into the profound structural effects of Au NC cores and ligands in electrocatalysis, elucidating their underlying mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the fundamentals of Au NCs, considering core and ligand structures, follows. Subsequently, the interaction between the core and ligand structures of Au NCs and their impact on electrocatalytic performance in diverse reactions are examined. Concluding the discourse, challenges and personal prospects are presented to guide the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts and advance electrocatalytic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interfacial electronic structure modulation of nickel‐based electrocatalysts is significant in boosting energy‐conversion‐relevant urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Herein, porous carbon nanofibers confined mixed Ni‐based crystal phases of Ni2P and NiF2 are developed via fluorination and phosphorization of Ni coated carbon nanofiber (Ni2P/NiF2/PCNF), which possess sufficient mesoporous and optimized Gibbs adsorption free energy by mixed phase‐induced charge redistribution. This novel system further reduces the reaction energy barrier and improves the reaction activity by addressing the challenges of low intrinsic activity, difficulty in active site formation, and insufficient synergism. A considerably high current density of 254.29 mA cm−2 is reached at 1.54 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode on a glass carbon electrode, and the cell voltage requires 1.39 V to get 10 mA cm−2 in hydrogen generation, with very good stability, about 190 mV less than that of the traditional water electrolysis. The facile active phase formation and high charge transfer ability induced by asymmetric charge redistribution are found in the interface, where the urea molecules tend to bond with Ni atoms on the surface of heterojunction, and the rate‐determining step is changed from CO2 desorption to the fourth H‐atom deprotonation. The work reveals a novel catalyst system by interfacial charge redistribution induced by high bond polarity for energy‐relevant catalysis reactions.
镍基电催化剂的界面电子结构调制对促进能量转换相关的尿素氧化反应（UOR）具有重要意义。在此，通过对镍涂层碳纳米纤维（Ni2P/NiF2/PCNF）进行氟化和磷化，开发出内含 Ni2P 和 NiF2 混合镍基晶相的多孔碳纳米纤维，这种碳纳米纤维具有足够的介孔性，并通过混合相诱导的电荷再分布优化了吉布斯吸附自由能。这种新型体系通过解决低内在活性、活性位点形成困难和协同作用不足等难题，进一步降低了反应能垒，提高了反应活性。与玻璃碳电极上的可逆氢电极相比，在 1.54 V 的电压下可达到 254.29 mA cm-2 的相当高的电流密度，电池电压需要 1.39 V 才能产生 10 mA cm-2 的氢气，稳定性非常好，比传统的水电解低约 190 mV。非对称电荷再分布诱导的活性相形成容易、电荷转移能力强，在界面上，尿素分子倾向于与异质结表面的镍原子结合，速率决定步骤由二氧化碳解吸变为第四个H原子的去质子化。这项研究揭示了一种新型催化剂体系，它通过高键极性诱导的界面电荷再分布来实现与能量相关的催化反应。
{"title":"Carbon fiber confined mixed Ni‐based crystal phases with interfacial charge redistribution induced by high bond polarity for electrochemical urea‐assisted hydrogen generation","authors":"Chun Yin, Jiaxin Li, Shuli Wang, Huan Wen, Fulin Yang, Ligang Feng","doi":"10.1002/cey2.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.553","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacial electronic structure modulation of nickel‐based electrocatalysts is significant in boosting energy‐conversion‐relevant urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Herein, porous carbon nanofibers confined mixed Ni‐based crystal phases of Ni2P and NiF2 are developed via fluorination and phosphorization of Ni coated carbon nanofiber (Ni2P/NiF2/PCNF), which possess sufficient mesoporous and optimized Gibbs adsorption free energy by mixed phase‐induced charge redistribution. This novel system further reduces the reaction energy barrier and improves the reaction activity by addressing the challenges of low intrinsic activity, difficulty in active site formation, and insufficient synergism. A considerably high current density of 254.29 mA cm−2 is reached at 1.54 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode on a glass carbon electrode, and the cell voltage requires 1.39 V to get 10 mA cm−2 in hydrogen generation, with very good stability, about 190 mV less than that of the traditional water electrolysis. The facile active phase formation and high charge transfer ability induced by asymmetric charge redistribution are found in the interface, where the urea molecules tend to bond with Ni atoms on the surface of heterojunction, and the rate‐determining step is changed from CO2 desorption to the fourth H‐atom deprotonation. The work reveals a novel catalyst system by interfacial charge redistribution induced by high bond polarity for energy‐relevant catalysis reactions.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbonate‐electrolyte‐based lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with solid‐phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability, but their reversible capacities are limited. In addition, large‐format pouch cells are paving the way for large‐scale production. This study demonstrates the in situ formation of a solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a protective layer using vinylene carbonate (VC), highlighting its industrial adaptability. A high reversible capacity is achieved by the lithiated poly‐VC SEI formed inside the cathode particles as a nanoscale ionic conduction path, along with the traditional surface protective layer. Furthermore, the severe dissolution of poly‐VC is mitigated by LiF derived from fluorine ethylene carbonate as a co‐solvent, enabling high rate performance and a long cycle life. A large 8 Ah pouch cell is successfully developed, which shows a high energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 based on the cell weight. This work demonstrates the high performance of large‐scale Li–S batteries with the in situ formation of a protective layer as a scalable technique for future applications.
{"title":"Fully carbonate‐electrolyte‐based high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries with solid‐phase conversion","authors":"T. Hakari, Yuto Kameoka, Kaihei Kishida, Shinji Ozaki, Chihiro Murata, Minako Deguchi, Ryo Harada, Tomoki Fujisawa, Yusuke Mizuno, Heisuke Nishikawa, Tomoyuki Tamura, Yiqun Wang, Hikari Takahara, Takashi Aoki, Tokuo Inamasu, D. Okuda, Masashi Ishikawa","doi":"10.1002/cey2.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.585","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonate‐electrolyte‐based lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with solid‐phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability, but their reversible capacities are limited. In addition, large‐format pouch cells are paving the way for large‐scale production. This study demonstrates the in situ formation of a solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a protective layer using vinylene carbonate (VC), highlighting its industrial adaptability. A high reversible capacity is achieved by the lithiated poly‐VC SEI formed inside the cathode particles as a nanoscale ionic conduction path, along with the traditional surface protective layer. Furthermore, the severe dissolution of poly‐VC is mitigated by LiF derived from fluorine ethylene carbonate as a co‐solvent, enabling high rate performance and a long cycle life. A large 8 Ah pouch cell is successfully developed, which shows a high energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 based on the cell weight. This work demonstrates the high performance of large‐scale Li–S batteries with the in situ formation of a protective layer as a scalable technique for future applications.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though plenty of research has been conducted to improve the low intrinsic electronic conductivity of NASICON‐structured NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), realizing sodium‐ion batteries with high areal/volumetric capacity still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a multiscale design from anode material to electrode structure is proposed to obtain a gadolinium‐ion‐doped and carbon‐coated NTP composite electrode (NTP‐Gd‐C), in which gadolinium ion doping, oxygen vacancy, optimized structure, N‐doped carbon coating, and bridging on the three‐dimensional network are simultaneously achieved. In the whole electrode, the excellent hierarchical electronic/ionic conductivity and structural stability are simultaneously improved via the synergistic optimization of NTP‐Gd‐C. As a result, excellent electrochemical performances of NTP‐Gd‐C electrode with a high areal/volumetric capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2/142.8 mAh cm−3, high rate capability (58.3 mAh g−1 at 200 C), long cycle life (ultralow capacity fading of 0.004% per cycle under 10,000 cycles), and wide‐temperature electrochemical performances (97.0 mAh g−1 at 2 C under −20°C) are achieved. Moreover, the NTP‐Gd‐C//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell also delivers an excellent rate capacity of 42.0 mAh g−1 at 200 C and long‐term high‐capacity retention of 66.2% after 4000 cycles at 20 C.
尽管人们已经开展了大量研究来改善 NASICON 结构的 NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP)的低本征电子电导率，但实现钠离子电池的高电容/容量仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。本文提出了一种从正极材料到电极结构的多尺度设计，获得了掺钆离子和碳包覆的 NTP 复合电极（NTP-Gd-C），其中同时实现了掺钆离子、氧空位、优化结构、N-掺杂碳包覆和三维网络桥接。在整个电极中，通过 NTP-Gd-C 的协同优化，优异的分层电子/离子导电性和结构稳定性同时得到了提高。因此，NTP-Gd-C 电极实现了优异的电化学性能，具有 1.0 mAh cm-2/142.8 mAh cm-3 的高面积/体积容量、高速率能力（200 C 时 58.3 mAh g-1）、长循环寿命（10,000 次循环下每循环 0.004% 的超低容量衰减）和宽温电化学性能（-20 C 下 2 C 时 97.0 mAh g-1）。此外，NTP-Gd-C//Na3V2(PO4)3/C 全电池在 200 摄氏度时的速率容量为 42.0 mAh g-1，在 20 摄氏度时循环 4000 次后的长期高容量保持率为 66.2%。
{"title":"Multiscale structural NaTi2(PO4)3 anode for sodium‐ion batteries with long cycle, high areal capacity, and wide operation temperature","authors":"Guobao Xu, Liyue Yang, Zhihao Yan, Zhikai Huang, Xue Li, Gencai Guo, Ye Tian, Liwen Yang, Jianyu Huang, Yaru Liang, Shulei Chou","doi":"10.1002/cey2.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.552","url":null,"abstract":"Though plenty of research has been conducted to improve the low intrinsic electronic conductivity of NASICON‐structured NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), realizing sodium‐ion batteries with high areal/volumetric capacity still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a multiscale design from anode material to electrode structure is proposed to obtain a gadolinium‐ion‐doped and carbon‐coated NTP composite electrode (NTP‐Gd‐C), in which gadolinium ion doping, oxygen vacancy, optimized structure, N‐doped carbon coating, and bridging on the three‐dimensional network are simultaneously achieved. In the whole electrode, the excellent hierarchical electronic/ionic conductivity and structural stability are simultaneously improved via the synergistic optimization of NTP‐Gd‐C. As a result, excellent electrochemical performances of NTP‐Gd‐C electrode with a high areal/volumetric capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2/142.8 mAh cm−3, high rate capability (58.3 mAh g−1 at 200 C), long cycle life (ultralow capacity fading of 0.004% per cycle under 10,000 cycles), and wide‐temperature electrochemical performances (97.0 mAh g−1 at 2 C under −20°C) are achieved. Moreover, the NTP‐Gd‐C//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell also delivers an excellent rate capacity of 42.0 mAh g−1 at 200 C and long‐term high‐capacity retention of 66.2% after 4000 cycles at 20 C.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingwen Lin, Xu Wang, Zhenyun Zhao, Dongliang Chen, Rumin Liu, Zhizhen Ye, Bin Lu, Yang Hou, Jianguo Lu
The path to searching for sustainable energy has never stopped since the depletion of fossil fuels can lead to serious environmental pollution and energy shortages. Using water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has been proven to be a prioritized approach for green resource production. It is highly crucial to explore inexpensive and high‐performance electrocatalysts for accelerating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and apply them to industrial cases on a large scale. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms of HER in different pH settings and review recent advances in non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts. Then, based on the previous efforts, we discuss several universal strategies for designing pH‐independent catalysts and show directions for the future design of pH‐universal catalysts.
{"title":"Design of pH‐universal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Jingwen Lin, Xu Wang, Zhenyun Zhao, Dongliang Chen, Rumin Liu, Zhizhen Ye, Bin Lu, Yang Hou, Jianguo Lu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.555","url":null,"abstract":"The path to searching for sustainable energy has never stopped since the depletion of fossil fuels can lead to serious environmental pollution and energy shortages. Using water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has been proven to be a prioritized approach for green resource production. It is highly crucial to explore inexpensive and high‐performance electrocatalysts for accelerating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and apply them to industrial cases on a large scale. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms of HER in different pH settings and review recent advances in non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts. Then, based on the previous efforts, we discuss several universal strategies for designing pH‐independent catalysts and show directions for the future design of pH‐universal catalysts.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiong-lin Lai, Bincen Yin, Y. Dou, Qing Zhang, Yunhai Zhu, Ying-jun Yang
Synergistic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures and defect engineering is effective in accelerating electron and ion transport for metal oxide electrodes. Herein, carbon nanofiber‐supported V2O3 with enriched oxygen vacancies (OV‐V2O3@CNF) was fabricated using the facile electrospinning method, followed by thermal reduction. Differing from the traditional particles embedded within carbon nanofibers or irregularly distributed between carbon nanofibers, the free‐standing OV‐V2O3@CNF allows for V2O3 nanosheets to grow vertically on one‐dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers, enabling abundant active sites, shortened ion diffusion pathway, continuous electron transport, and robust structural stability. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations confirmed that the oxygen vacancies can promote intrinsic electron conductivity and reduce ion diffusion energy barrier. Consequently, the OV‐V2O3@CNF anode delivers a large reversible capacity of 812 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superior rate capability (405 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long cycle life (378 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). Moreover, an all‐vanadium full battery (V2O5//OV‐V2O3@CNF) was assembled using an OV‐V2O3@CNF anode and a V2O5 cathode, which outputs a working voltage of 2.5 V with high energy density and power density, suggesting promising practical application. This work offers fresh perspectives on constructing hierarchical 1D nanofiber electrodes by combining defect engineering and electrospinning technology.
分层纳米结构和缺陷工程的协同调节可有效加速金属氧化物电极的电子和离子传输。本文采用简便的电纺丝方法，随后通过热还原法制备了富含氧空位的碳纳米纤维支撑 V2O3（OV-V2O3@CNF）。与传统的嵌入碳纳米纤维内部或不规则分布在碳纳米纤维之间的颗粒不同，独立的 OV-V2O3@CNF 使 V2O3 纳米片垂直生长在一维（1D）碳纳米纤维上，从而实现了丰富的活性位点、缩短的离子扩散路径、连续的电子传输和强大的结构稳定性。同时，密度泛函理论计算证实，氧空位可促进本征电子传导性并降低离子扩散能垒。因此，OV-V2O3@CNF 阳极在 0.1 A g-1 的条件下可实现 812 mAh g-1 的高可逆容量、卓越的速率能力（5 A g-1 时为 405 mAh g-1）和长循环寿命（1000 次循环后 5 A g-1 时为 378 mAh g-1）。此外，利用 OV-V2O3@CNF 阳极和 V2O5 阴极组装了全钒全电池（V2O5//OV-V2O3@CNF），可输出 2.5 V 的工作电压，具有高能量密度和功率密度，显示出良好的实际应用前景。这项工作为结合缺陷工程和电纺丝技术构建分层一维纳米纤维电极提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Electrospun carbon nanofiber‐supported V2O3 with enriched oxygen vacancies as a free‐standing high‐rate anode for an all‐vanadium‐based full battery","authors":"Qiong-lin Lai, Bincen Yin, Y. Dou, Qing Zhang, Yunhai Zhu, Ying-jun Yang","doi":"10.1002/cey2.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.517","url":null,"abstract":"Synergistic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures and defect engineering is effective in accelerating electron and ion transport for metal oxide electrodes. Herein, carbon nanofiber‐supported V2O3 with enriched oxygen vacancies (OV‐V2O3@CNF) was fabricated using the facile electrospinning method, followed by thermal reduction. Differing from the traditional particles embedded within carbon nanofibers or irregularly distributed between carbon nanofibers, the free‐standing OV‐V2O3@CNF allows for V2O3 nanosheets to grow vertically on one‐dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers, enabling abundant active sites, shortened ion diffusion pathway, continuous electron transport, and robust structural stability. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations confirmed that the oxygen vacancies can promote intrinsic electron conductivity and reduce ion diffusion energy barrier. Consequently, the OV‐V2O3@CNF anode delivers a large reversible capacity of 812 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superior rate capability (405 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long cycle life (378 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). Moreover, an all‐vanadium full battery (V2O5//OV‐V2O3@CNF) was assembled using an OV‐V2O3@CNF anode and a V2O5 cathode, which outputs a working voltage of 2.5 V with high energy density and power density, suggesting promising practical application. This work offers fresh perspectives on constructing hierarchical 1D nanofiber electrodes by combining defect engineering and electrospinning technology.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Egun, Zixuan Liu, Yayun Zheng, Zhaohui Wang, Jiahao Song, Yang Hou, Junting Lu, Yichao Wang, Zhengfei Chen
Waste tyres (WTs) are a major global issue that needs immediate attention to ensure a sustainable environment. They are often dumped in landfills or incinerated in open environments, which leads to environmental pollution. However, various thermochemical conversion methods have shown promising results as treatment routes to tackle the WT problem while creating new materials for industries. One such material is WT char, which has properties comparable to those of carbon materials used as an active electrode material in batteries. Therefore, a systematic review of the various thermochemical approaches used to convert WTs into carbon materials for electrode applications was conducted. The review shows that pretreatment processes, various process routes, and operating parameters affect derived carbon properties and its respective electrochemical performance. WT‐derived carbon has the potential to yield a high specific capacity greater than the traditional graphite (372 mAh g−1) commonly used in lithium‐ion batteries. Finally, the review outlines the challenges of the process routes, as well as opportunities and future research directions for electrode carbon materials from WTs.
{"title":"Turning waste tyres into carbon electrodes for batteries: Exploring conversion methods, material traits, and performance factors","authors":"I. Egun, Zixuan Liu, Yayun Zheng, Zhaohui Wang, Jiahao Song, Yang Hou, Junting Lu, Yichao Wang, Zhengfei Chen","doi":"10.1002/cey2.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.571","url":null,"abstract":"Waste tyres (WTs) are a major global issue that needs immediate attention to ensure a sustainable environment. They are often dumped in landfills or incinerated in open environments, which leads to environmental pollution. However, various thermochemical conversion methods have shown promising results as treatment routes to tackle the WT problem while creating new materials for industries. One such material is WT char, which has properties comparable to those of carbon materials used as an active electrode material in batteries. Therefore, a systematic review of the various thermochemical approaches used to convert WTs into carbon materials for electrode applications was conducted. The review shows that pretreatment processes, various process routes, and operating parameters affect derived carbon properties and its respective electrochemical performance. WT‐derived carbon has the potential to yield a high specific capacity greater than the traditional graphite (372 mAh g−1) commonly used in lithium‐ion batteries. Finally, the review outlines the challenges of the process routes, as well as opportunities and future research directions for electrode carbon materials from WTs.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of solar energy to produce hydrogen has been one of the research hotspots in recent years. With the continuous exploitation of solar hydrogen evolution, the performance of photo(electro)catalysts has been greatly optimized. However, the solar‐driven hydrogen production for most semiconductors, especially for organic semiconductors, is limited due to the lack of active centers and serious electron–hole recombination. Recently, it has been reported that carbon‐carbon triple bonds (C≡C) can function as active sites for hydrogen evolution, and diacetylenic moiety in organic semiconductors is able to increase carrier migration as well. Therefore, organic semiconductors containing C≡C have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. In this review, organic materials or organic–inorganic hybrids containing C≡C for photo(electro)catalytic solar hydrogen production are classified first, including graphdiyne, conjugated acetylene polymers, some covalent organic frameworks, and metal–organic frameworks. After that, the structure, properties, and advantages and disadvantages of C≡C‐containing materials are introduced and summarized. Apart from these, this review also presents advances in materials containing C≡C in the field of solar hydrogen generation. Finally, perspectives on the future development of C≡C‐containing materials in the field of solar hydrogen generation are also briefly anticipated. This review provides pertinent insights into the main challenges and potential advances in the organic semiconductors for solar‐driven hydrogen production, which will also greatly contribute to other photo(electro)catalytic reactions.
{"title":"Carbon–carbon triple bond‐containing materials for photo(electro)catalytic solar hydrogen production","authors":"Wenyan Li, Yang Lu, Yawen Tang, Hanjun Sun","doi":"10.1002/cey2.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.527","url":null,"abstract":"The use of solar energy to produce hydrogen has been one of the research hotspots in recent years. With the continuous exploitation of solar hydrogen evolution, the performance of photo(electro)catalysts has been greatly optimized. However, the solar‐driven hydrogen production for most semiconductors, especially for organic semiconductors, is limited due to the lack of active centers and serious electron–hole recombination. Recently, it has been reported that carbon‐carbon triple bonds (C≡C) can function as active sites for hydrogen evolution, and diacetylenic moiety in organic semiconductors is able to increase carrier migration as well. Therefore, organic semiconductors containing C≡C have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. In this review, organic materials or organic–inorganic hybrids containing C≡C for photo(electro)catalytic solar hydrogen production are classified first, including graphdiyne, conjugated acetylene polymers, some covalent organic frameworks, and metal–organic frameworks. After that, the structure, properties, and advantages and disadvantages of C≡C‐containing materials are introduced and summarized. Apart from these, this review also presents advances in materials containing C≡C in the field of solar hydrogen generation. Finally, perspectives on the future development of C≡C‐containing materials in the field of solar hydrogen generation are also briefly anticipated. This review provides pertinent insights into the main challenges and potential advances in the organic semiconductors for solar‐driven hydrogen production, which will also greatly contribute to other photo(electro)catalytic reactions.","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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