Carbon Energy最新文献_第6页

Superior stable high‐voltage LiCoO2 enabled by modification with a layer of lithiated polyvinylidene fluoride‐derived LiF 通过改性聚偏二氟乙烯锂化碳层实现卓越稳定的高压钴酸锂

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.602

Qihang Ding, Z. Jiang, Kean Chen, Hui Li, Jingzhe Shi, Xinping Ai, Dingguo Xia

High‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) can deliver a high capacity and therefore significantly boost the energy density of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, its cyclability is still a major problem in terms of commercial applications. Herein, we propose a simple but effective method to greatly improve the high‐voltage cyclability of an LCO cathode by constructing a surface LiF modification layer via pyrolysis of the lithiated polyvinylidene fluoride (Li‐PVDF) coating under air atmosphere. Benefitting from the good film‐forming and strong adhesion ability of Li‐PVDF, the thus‐obtained LiF layer is uniform, dense, and conformal; therefore, it is capable of acting as a barrier layer to effectively protect the LCO surface from direct exposure to the electrolyte, thus suppressing the interfacial side reactions and surface structure deterioration. Consequently, the high‐voltage stability of the LCO electrode is significantly enhanced. Under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.6 V, the LiF‐modified LCO (LiF@LCO) cathode demonstrates a high capacity of 201 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a stable cycling performance at 0.5 C with 80.5% capacity retention after 700 cycles, outperforming the vast majority of high‐voltage LCO cathodes reported so far.

高压钴酸锂（LCO）可提供高容量，从而显著提高锂离子电池（LIB）的能量密度。然而，就商业应用而言，其循环性仍是一个主要问题。在此，我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法，通过在空气环境下热解锂化聚偏二氟乙烯（Li-PVDF）涂层来构建表面锂论坛改性层，从而大大提高 LCO 阴极的高压循环性。由于锂化聚偏氟乙烯（Li-PVDF）具有良好的成膜性和较强的附着力，因此得到的锂化物改性层均匀、致密、保形，能够作为阻挡层有效保护 LCO 表面不直接接触电解质，从而抑制界面副反应和表面结构劣化。因此，LCO 电极的高压稳定性显著增强。在 4.6 V 的高充电截止电压下，LiF 改性 LCO（LiF@LCO）阴极在 0.1 C 时的容量高达 201 mA h g-1，在 0.5 C 时的循环性能稳定，700 次循环后的容量保持率为 80.5%，优于迄今报道的绝大多数高压 LCO 阴极。

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引用次数: 0

Cover Image, Volume 6, Number 5, May 2024 封面图片，第 6 卷第 5 号，2024 年 5 月

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.606

Hongyu Gong, Guanliang Sun, Wenhua Shi, Dongwei Li, Xiangjun Zheng, Huan Shi, Xiu Liang, Ruizhi Yang, Changzhou Yuan

Front cover image: Enhancing both the number of active sites available and the intrinsic activity of Co-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts simultaneously is a desirable goal. In the article number CEY2432, Yuan et al. reported a ZIF-67-derived hierarchical porous cobalt sulfide decorated by Au nanoparticles (denoted as HP-Au@Co_xS_y@ZIF-67) hybrid. The novel three-dimensional hierarchical structure significantly enlarges the three-phase interfaces, accelerating the mass transfer and exposing the active centers. Meanwhile, the electronic structure of Co is modulated by Au through charge transfer, wherein Au and NaBH4 reductant result in an interesting “competition effect” to regulate the relative ratio of Co²⁺/Co³⁺. Consequently, HP-Au@Co_xS_y@ZIF-67 displayed excellent OER performance, enabling efficient water splitting and Zn–air battery application.

封面图片：同时提高钴基氧进化反应（OER）电催化剂的活性位点数量和内在活性是一个理想的目标。在编号为 CEY2432 的文章中，Yuan 等人报道了一种由金纳米粒子装饰的 ZIF-67 衍生的分层多孔硫化钴（称为 HP-Au@CoxSy@ZIF-67）杂化物。新颖的三维分层结构显著扩大了三相界面，加速了传质并暴露了活性中心。同时，金通过电荷转移调节了 Co 的电子结构，其中金和 NaBH4 还原剂产生了有趣的 "竞争效应"，调节了 Co2+/Co3+ 的相对比例。因此，HP-Au@CoxSy@ZIF-67 显示出优异的 OER 性能，可实现高效的水分离和锌空气电池应用。

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引用次数: 0

Superelastic wood-based nanogenerators magnifying the piezoelectric effect for sustainable energy conversion 超弹性木基纳米发电机放大压电效应，实现可持续能源转换

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.561

Tong Wu, Yun Lu, Xinglin Tao, Pan Chen, Yongyue Zhang, Bohua Ren, Feifan Xie, Xia Yu, Xinyi Zhou, Dongjiang Yang, Jin Sun, Xiangyu Chen

In the quest for sustainable energy materials, wood is discovered to be a potential piezoelectric material. However, the rigidity, poor stability, and low piezoelectric properties of wood impede its development. Here, we obtained a superelastic roasted wood nanogenerator (RW-NG) by unraveling ray tissues through a sustainable roasting strategy. The increased compressibility of roasted wood intensifies the deformation of cellulose microfibrils, significantly enhancing the piezoelectric effect in wood. Roasted wood (15 × 15 × 15 mm³, longitudinal × radial × tangential) can generate a voltage and current outputs of 1.4 V and 14.5 nA, respectively, which are more than 70 times that of natural wood. The wood sample can recover 90% of its shape after 5000 compressions at 65% strain, exhibiting excellent elasticity and stability. Importantly, roasted wood does not add any toxic substances and can be safely applied on the human skin as a self-powered sensor for detecting body movements. Moreover, it can also be assembled into self-powered wooden floors for energy harvesting. These indicate that roasted wood has great potential for sustainable sensing and energy conversion.

在寻求可持续能源材料的过程中，人们发现木材是一种潜在的压电材料。然而，木材的刚性、稳定性和低压电特性阻碍了它的发展。在这里，我们通过可持续的焙烧策略解开了射线组织，从而获得了超弹性焙烧木材纳米发电机（RW-NG）。焙烧木材的可压缩性增加，加剧了纤维素微纤维的变形，显著增强了木材的压电效应。焙烧木材（15 × 15 × 15 mm3，纵向 × 径向 × 切向）可产生的电压和电流输出分别为 1.4 V 和 14.5 nA，是天然木材的 70 多倍。木材样品在 65% 的应变下压缩 5000 次后，可恢复 90% 的形状，表现出极佳的弹性和稳定性。重要的是，焙烧木材不添加任何有毒物质，可安全地应用于人体皮肤，作为自供电传感器检测人体运动。此外，它还可以组装成自供电的木地板，用于能量采集。这些都表明，焙烧木材在可持续传感和能源转换方面具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Back Cover Image, Volume 6, Number 5, May 2024 封底图片，第 6 卷第 5 号，2024 年 5 月

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.607

Mayokun Olutogun, Anna Vanderbruggen, Christoph Frey, Martin Rudolph, Dominic Bresser, Stefano Passerini

Back cover image: Graphite recycling from lithium-ion batteries stands out as a pivotal solution to address the increasing demand for raw materials, in particular for electric vehicles. Olutogun et al. have developed a froth flotation-based process to effectively recycle graphite, as detailed in the article CEY2.483. The study highlights that the structure and morphology of the recycled graphite remain essentially unchanged, and the material shows an excellent cycling stability in newly assembled graphite||NMC₅₃₂ lithium-ion cells, with a capacity retention of about 80% after 1000 cycles, which is comparable to the performance of pristine commercial graphite.

封底图片：从锂离子电池中回收石墨是解决原材料（尤其是电动汽车）需求日益增长问题的关键解决方案。Olutogun 等人开发了一种基于泡沫浮选的工艺来有效回收石墨，详情见 CEY2.483 号文章。研究结果表明，回收石墨的结构和形态基本保持不变，这种材料在新组装的石墨||NMC532锂离子电池中显示出极佳的循环稳定性，1000次循环后容量保持率约为80%，与原始商用石墨的性能相当。

引用次数: 0

Proton-conducting hydrogel electrolytes with tight contact to binder-free MXene electrodes for high-performance thermally chargeable supercapacitor 质子传导水凝胶电解质与无粘结剂 MXene 电极紧密接触，用于高性能热充电超级电容器

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.562

Zhijian Du, La Li, Guozhen Shen

Thermally chargeable supercapacitors (TCSCs) have offered exceptional energy-converting efficiency for absorbing human epidermal heat and generating and storing electrical energy, which then realize continuous power supply to electronic devices, such as sensors and wearable electronic products, in a wide range of practical significance. Here, we proposed a flexible TCSC by attaching binder-free Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@PPy electrodes on both ends of the H₃PO₄@P(AM-co-AA-co-AYP K⁺) hydrogel electrolyte, which exhibits a large thermal power of 35.2 mV K⁻¹ at 50% relative humidity and maximum figure of merit of 2.1. The high performances of the fabricated devices can be attributed to the tunable electrical, thermodynamic, thermoelectric, and mechanical properties of the hydrogel electrolyte by adjusting the acid content and the proportion of zwitterionic compound AYP K⁺ in the hydrogel, and the high photothermal conversion efficiency and electrochemical performance of the electrodes. Moreover, the stable and outstanding thermofvoltage output (∼200 mV) under different time scenarios of the TCSC makes it possible to drive a strain sensor, accomplishing the objectives of a human activity monitor.

热可充电超级电容器（TCSCs）具有优异的能量转换效率，可吸收人体表皮热量并产生和储存电能，进而实现对传感器和可穿戴电子产品等电子设备的持续供电，具有广泛的现实意义。在此，我们提出了一种柔性 TCSC，在 H3PO4@P(AM-co-AA-co-AYP K+)水凝胶电解质的两端附着无粘结剂的 Ti3C2Tx MXene@PPy 电极，在相对湿度为 50%的条件下，热功率可达 35.2 mV K-1，最大优点系数为 2.1。所制备器件的高性能得益于通过调节水凝胶中酸的含量和齐聚物 AYP K+ 的比例，水凝胶电解质的电学、热力学、热电学和力学性能均可调，电极的光热转换效率和电化学性能均很高。此外，TCSC 在不同时间情景下稳定而出色的热电压输出（∼200 mV）使其能够驱动应变传感器，从而实现人体活动监测器的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Joint cationic and anionic redox chemistry in a vanadium oxide cathode for zinc batteries achieving high energy density 实现高能量密度的锌电池氧化钒阴极中的阳离子和阴离子联合氧化还原化学反应

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.577

Wenfeng Wang, Lu Zhang, Zeang Duan, Ruyue Li, Jiajin Zhao, Longteng Tang, Yiming Sui, Yadi Qi, Shumin Han, Chong Fang, Desong Wang, Xiulei Ji

Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and high safety; however, their energy density has reached the ceiling based on conventional cathodes with a single cationic redox reaction mechanism. Herein, a highly reversible cathode of typical layered vanadium oxide is reported, which operates on both the cationic redox couple of V⁵⁺/V³⁺ accompanied by the Zn²⁺ storage and the anionic O^–/O^2– redox couple by anion hosting in an aqueous deep eutectic solvent electrolyte. The reversible oxygen redox delivers an additional capacity of ∼100 mAh g^–1 at an operating voltage of ∼1.80 V, which increases the energy density of the cathode by ∼36%, endowing the cathode system a record high energy density of ∼506 Wh kg^–1. The findings highlight new opportunities for the design of high-energy zinc batteries with both Zn²⁺ and anions as charge carriers.

可充电锌水溶液电池因其低成本和高安全性而有望用于大规模储能；然而，基于单一阳离子氧化还原反应机制的传统阴极，其能量密度已达到上限。本文报告了一种典型层状氧化钒的高可逆阴极，它在水性深共晶溶剂电解质中，通过阴离子寄存，同时进行 V5+/V3+ 的阳离子氧化还原反应和阴离子 O-/O2- 氧化还原反应。在 1.80 V 的工作电压下，可逆氧氧化还原可提供 100 mAh g-1 的额外容量，使阴极的能量密度提高了 36%，使阴极系统的能量密度达到了 506 Wh kg-1 的历史新高。这些发现为设计以 Zn2+ 和阴离子为电荷载体的高能锌电池提供了新的机遇。

引用次数: 0

Research progress on electronic and active site engineering of cobalt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction 氧进化反应钴基电催化剂的电子和活性位点工程研究进展

IF 19.5 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.573

Chuansheng He, Linlin Yang, Jia Wang, Tingting Wang, Jian Ju, Yizhong Lu, Wei Chen

Electrocatalytic water splitting has been identified as a potential candidate for producing clean hydrogen energy with zero carbon emission. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction on the anode side of the water-splitting device significantly hinders its practical applications. Generally, the efficiency of oxygen evolution processes depends greatly on the availability of cost-effective catalysts with high activity and selectivity. In recent years, extensive theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that cobalt (Co)-based nanomaterials, especially low-dimensional Co-based nanomaterials with a huge specific surface area and abundant unsaturated active sites, have emerged as versatile electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions, and thus, great progress has been made in the rational design and synthesis of Co-based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions. Considering the remarkable progress in this area, in this timely review, we highlight the most recent developments in Co-based nanomaterials relating to their dimensional control, defect regulation (conductivity), electronic structure regulation, and so forth. Furthermore, a brief conclusion about recent progress achieved in oxygen evolution on Co-based nanomaterials, as well as an outlook on future research challenges, is given.

电催化水分离被认为是生产零碳排放清洁氢能的潜在候选方法。然而，水分离装置阳极侧氧进化反应的缓慢动力学极大地阻碍了其实际应用。一般来说，氧进化过程的效率在很大程度上取决于是否有高活性和高选择性的经济型催化剂。近年来，大量的理论和实验研究表明，钴（Co）基纳米材料，尤其是具有巨大比表面积和丰富不饱和活性位点的低维钴基纳米材料，已成为氧进化反应的多功能电催化剂，因此，用于电催化氧进化反应的钴基纳米材料的合理设计和合成已取得了重大进展。考虑到这一领域的显著进展，我们在这篇及时的综述中重点介绍了 Co 基纳米材料在尺寸控制、缺陷调节（导电性）、电子结构调节等方面的最新进展。此外，我们还简要总结了钴基纳米材料在氧进化方面取得的最新进展，并展望了未来的研究挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Photothermal-boosted flexible rechargeable zinc-air battery based on Ni-doped Mn3O4 with excellent low-temperature adaptability 基于掺杂镍的 Mn3O4 的光热增效柔性锌空气充电电池具有优异的低温适应性

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.567

Wengai Guo, Fan Gu, Qilin Chen, Kexuan Fu, Yuqing Zhong, Jing-Jing Lv, Shuang Pan, Yihuang Chen

As a promising flexible energy source for next-generation emerging electronic devices, the temperature adaptability and low-temperature performance retention of flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs) remain a great challenge for their practical application. Herein, we report photothermal-promoted aqueous and flexible ZABs with enhanced performance under a wide temperature range via using Ni-doped Mn₃O₄/N-doped reduced graphene oxide (denoted as Ni-Mn₃O₄/N-rGO) nanohybrids as bifunctional electrocatalysts. Upon being exposed to near-infrared light, the Ni-Mn₃O₄/N-rGO exhibited a powerful photothermal effect, resulting in localized and immediate heating of the electrode. Such effects led to increased active sites, improved electrical conductivity, enhanced release of bubbles, and promoted surface reconstruction of the electrode catalyst as corroborated by simulation and operando Raman. Consequently, the catalytic performance was boosted, manifesting a superior activity indicator ΔE of 0.685 V with excellent durability. As expected, the corresponding photothermal-assisted rechargeable ZABs possessed an excellent maximum power density (e.g., 78.76 mW cm⁻² at −10°C), superb cycling stability (e.g., over 430 cycles at −10°C), and excellent flexibility from 25°C to subzero temperature. Our work opens up new possibilities for the development of all-climate flexible electronic devices.

锌空气柔性电池（ZABs）作为下一代新兴电子设备中一种前景广阔的柔性能源，其温度适应性和低温性能保持性仍然是其实际应用中面临的巨大挑战。在此，我们报告了利用掺杂镍的 Mn3O4/N-掺杂还原氧化石墨烯（Ni-Mn3O4/N-rGO）纳米杂化物作为双功能电催化剂，光热促进的水性柔性锌空气电池在宽温度范围内具有更高的性能。在近红外线照射下，Ni-Mn3O4/N-rGO 表现出强大的光热效应，导致电极局部立即升温。这种效应增加了活性位点，提高了导电性，增强了气泡的释放，并促进了电极催化剂的表面重构，模拟和操作拉曼都证实了这一点。因此，催化性能得到提高，表现出卓越的活性指标 ΔE 为 0.685 V，并具有极佳的耐久性。正如预期的那样，相应的光热辅助可充电 ZAB 具有出色的最大功率密度（例如，在零下 10 摄氏度时为 78.76 mW cm-2）、超强的循环稳定性（例如，在零下 10 摄氏度时超过 430 个循环）以及从 25 摄氏度到零下温度的出色灵活性。我们的工作为开发全气候柔性电子器件开辟了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring dopant‐enhanced ionic conductivity of AgCl‐doped Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes: Integrating synchrotron Rietveld analysis, DFT, and ANN‐based molecular dynamics approaches 探索掺杂 AgCl 的 Li7P3S11 固体电解质的掺杂增强离子电导率：整合同步辐射里特维尔德分析、DFT 和基于 ANN 的分子动力学方法

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.564

Yong‐Seok Choi, Youngin Lee, Hyuna Ahn, Jiwon Jeong, Kyung Yoon Chung, David O. Scanlon, Jae‐Chul Lee

The effectiveness of dual‐doping as a method of improving the conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) is not in doubt; however, the atomic‐level mechanisms underpinning these enhancements remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the atomic mechanisms associated with the high ionic conductivity of the Li7P3S11 (LPS) SE and its response to Ag/Cl dual dopants. Synthesis and electrochemical characterizations show that the 0.2 M AgCl‐doped LPS (Li6.8P3Ag0.1S10.9Cl0.1) exhibited an over 80% improvement in ionic conductivity compared with the undoped LPS. The atomic‐level structures responsible for the enhanced conductivity were generated by a set of experiment and simulation techniques: synchrotron X‐ray diffractometry, Rietveld refinement, density functional theory, and artificial neural network‐based molecular dynamics simulations. This thorough characterization highlights the role of dual dopants in altering the structure and ionic conductivity. We found that the PS4 and P2S7 structural motifs of LPS undergo transformation into various PSx substructures. These changes in the substructures, in conjunction with the paddle‐wheel effect, enable rapid Li migration. The dopant atoms serve to enhance the flexibility of PS4–P2S7 polyhedral frameworks, consequently enhancing the ionic conductivity. Our study elucidates a clear structure–conductivity relationship for the dual‐doped LPS, providing a fundamental guideline for the development of sulfide SEs with superior conductivity.

双掺杂作为一种提高硫化物固体电解质（SE）电导率的方法，其有效性毋庸置疑；然而，这些增强作用所依赖的原子级机制却仍然难以捉摸。在本研究中，我们研究了与 Li7P3S11 (LPS) SE 的高离子电导率有关的原子机制及其对 Ag/Cl 双掺杂的响应。合成和电化学特性分析表明，与未掺杂的 LPS 相比，掺杂 0.2 M AgCl 的 LPS（Li6.8P3Ag0.1S10.9Cl0.1）的离子电导率提高了 80% 以上。通过同步辐射 X 射线衍射测量、里特维尔德精炼、密度泛函理论和基于人工神经网络的分子动力学模拟等一系列实验和模拟技术，得出了导致电导率增强的原子级结构。这种全面的表征凸显了双掺杂物在改变结构和离子导电性方面的作用。我们发现 LPS 的 PS4 和 P2S7 结构基团会转变为各种 PSx 子结构。亚结构的这些变化与桨轮效应相结合，使锂离子得以快速迁移。掺杂原子可增强 PS4-P2S7 多面体框架的柔韧性，从而提高离子导电性。我们的研究阐明了双掺杂 LPS 清晰的结构-电导率关系，为开发具有优异电导率的硫化物 SE 提供了基本指导。

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引用次数: 0

Local electronic structure constructing of layer‐structured oxide cathode material for high‐voltage sodium‐ion batteries 构建用于高压钠离子电池的层状结构氧化物正极材料的局部电子结构

IF 20.5 1区材料科学 Q1 Materials Science

Carbon Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/cey2.574

Dongrun Yang, Xuan-Wen Gao, Guoping Gao, Qingsong Lai, Tianzhen Ren, Qinfen Gu, Zhaomeng Liu, Wen‐Bin Luo

As the cyclable sodium ions' primary suppliers, O3‐type layer‐structured manganese‐based oxides are recognized as one of the most competitive cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries. Suffering from complex structural transformations and transition metal migration during the sodium intercalation/deintercalation process, particularly at high voltage, the energy density and lifespan cannot satisfy the increasing demand. The orbital and electronic structure of the octahedral center metal element plays an important role in maintaining the octahedral structural integrity and improving the Na+ diffusivity by the introduced heterogeneous [Me–O] (Me: transition metals) chemical bonding. Herein, inspired by the 4f and 5d orbital bonding possibility from the abundant configuration of extranuclear electrons and large ion radius, O3‐type Na[La0.01Ni0.3Mn0.54Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 was synthesized with a nearly single crystal structure. Based on the experimental and computational results, the introduced heterogeneous [La–O] chemical bond with larger bond strength can not only ensure the stability of the lattice oxygen framework and the reversibility of oxygen redox but also optimize the oxygen local electronic structure resulting from La 5d and O 2p orbital mixing due to O 2p → La 5d charge transfer. It delivers an optimal electrochemical performance with a high energy density and cycling lifespan.

作为可循环钠离子的主要供应者，O3 型层结构锰基氧化物被认为是钠离子电池最具竞争力的阴极候选材料之一。由于在钠插层/脱插层过程中存在复杂的结构转变和过渡金属迁移，特别是在高电压下，其能量密度和寿命无法满足日益增长的需求。八面体中心金属元素的轨道和电子结构在维持八面体结构完整性和通过引入异质[Me-O]（Me：过渡金属）化学键提高 Na+ 扩散性方面发挥着重要作用。本文受核外电子丰富构型和大离子半径带来的 4f 和 5d 轨道成键可能性的启发，合成了具有近似单晶结构的 O3 型 Na[La0.01Ni0.3Mn0.54Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 。根据实验和计算结果，引入的键强度较大的异质[La-O]化学键不仅能保证晶格氧框架的稳定性和氧氧化还原的可逆性，还能优化由于 O 2p→La 5d 电荷转移导致的 La 5d 和 O 2p 轨道混合所产生的氧局部电子结构。它具有最佳的电化学性能、高能量密度和循环寿命。

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引用次数: 0