Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/kibit.2019.39.07
O. Kuznetsova, Yu. Lanovenko
The article raises questions about the protective mechanisms in adolescents which shows themselves as psychosomatic diseases. The profound changes in modern society, which require a person of constant adaptation in all spheres of life: live communication is replaced by electronic, robotization of work processes, uncontrolled flow of information, change of concepts, the destruction of traditions, leading to chronic stress, exhaustion and health problems. In particular, as a result of lack of attention and lively communication, excessive demands, replacement of emotional manifestation of love with material goods in the most vulnerable part of the population - adolescents there is a feeling of needlessness, which often leads to depressive states and emotional breakdowns which cause psychological disorders. The article deals with several types of manifestations of psychosomatic diseases, such as allergies, bronchial asthma, heart diseases, diseases of the digestive system and skin, and factors that cause their appearance. The causes of psychosomatic illness are still a controversial issue due to its versatility and ambiguity. The manifestation of the disease can be affected by a variety of factors that may not cause the disease if at least one of them to be removed. Because of this ambiguity, psychosomatics are beginning to be perceived as a mystified pseudoscience. Such an attitude causes distrust to the psychologists of specialists and adherents of this teaching. Study of diseases occurs exclusively in the medical sense. What is the source of treatment in hospitals, where medication slows down the development of complications of such chronic diseases as allergies, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis - without treating them thoroughly since these diseases are also psychological.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/kibit.2019.39.13
S. Maksymets
This investigation aims to identify the personal features and psychological status of the unemployed person and the ways of work with people who are currently unemployed. This article is about unemployed person characteristics under self-concept. Also, this article includes scientific and theoretical representations about a “fully functioning” person by the emotional, cognitive and behavioural components of self-awareness. The results of unemployed person research are presented based on the result analysis and observation. For example, 3% of unemployed people consider that they have a deficient level of efficiency. Lower than average level of efficiency has 8,5% of the interview. Working qualities as very high considered 46% of men and 26% of women. Higher than average ability to work considered 76% of men and 68% of women. Also, 8% of men and 5% of women rate themselves as adventurous people. As people with low entrepreneurship, rate themselves about 55% of all unemployed. Also, 28% of people rated their mental state as satisfied, and only 6% - as confident and optimistic. Only one-third of the unemployed (34%) are in a subjectively favourable state of affairs, while the remaining 66% feel some negative experiences. It is important to mention that the construct of self-concept is appropriate to use in determining the goals of correction and development work. Corrective and development work involves a set of activities aimed at psychological support and elimination of negative aspects in the psychology of the unemployed person.
{"title":"Personality and Psychological Status of An Unemployed","authors":"S. Maksymets","doi":"10.37203/kibit.2019.39.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2019.39.13","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation aims to identify the personal features and psychological status of the unemployed person and the ways of work with people who are currently unemployed. This article is about unemployed person characteristics under self-concept. Also, this article includes scientific and theoretical representations about a “fully functioning” person by the emotional, cognitive and behavioural components of self-awareness. The results of unemployed person research are presented based on the result analysis and observation. For example, 3% of unemployed people consider that they have a deficient level of efficiency. Lower than average level of efficiency has 8,5% of the interview. Working qualities as very high considered 46% of men and 26% of women. Higher than average ability to work considered 76% of men and 68% of women. Also, 8% of men and 5% of women rate themselves as adventurous people. As people with low entrepreneurship, rate themselves about 55% of all unemployed. Also, 28% of people rated their mental state as satisfied, and only 6% - as confident and optimistic. Only one-third of the unemployed (34%) are in a subjectively favourable state of affairs, while the remaining 66% feel some negative experiences. It is important to mention that the construct of self-concept is appropriate to use in determining the goals of correction and development work. Corrective and development work involves a set of activities aimed at psychological support and elimination of negative aspects in the psychology of the unemployed person. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33768,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kiyivs''kii institut biznesu ta tekhnologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/KIBIT.2019.39.06
S. Kravchuk
The purpose of lifelong learning is the formation and development of personality at different ages, including the period of ageing of the body. That is why the problem of exploring the role of spiritual values and the vitality of the individual in the context of lifelong learning is becoming increasingly important due to the importance of promoting the strengthening of the individual's position in professional activity. Purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the peculiarities of spiritual values and vitality of a person in the conditions of lifelong learning in Ukraine. Spirituality is a religious category. At the same time, spirituality is a social and moral value, the essence of which is the ability to create a humanistic tolerant free world. Resilience is a trait characterized by a measure of overcoming the personality of the given circumstances, a measure of overcoming the personality of oneself. Vital stability is the basis for life-giving, which can be defined as a human activity to create one's own life. In our study involved 62 adolescents, we used the following empirical research methods: the test of the viability of S. Maddy; the SAMOAL questionnaire (by A.V. Lazukin, of M.F. Kalin's adaptation); author's research questionnaire regarding the study of spirituality and spiritual values of the individual. It turns out that a person who shares the values of a self-actualizing personality is characterized by being successful in overcoming adversity. A significant direct correlation of a person's spiritual values with his / her vitality and involvement, control and acceptance of risk as "hardy" attitudes was revealed. The vitality of the individual plays an essential role in his continuing education as a basis for social progress. The vitality of the individual can counteract the negative influences of the environment, effectively overcome life's difficulties, transforming them into situations of development; promotes self-actualization of the personality, motivates to self-development, promotes a healthy way of thinking and behaviour.
终身学习的目的是在不同的年龄阶段，包括身体的衰老阶段，形成和发展个性。这就是为什么在终身学习的背景下探索精神价值和个人活力的作用的问题变得越来越重要，因为促进加强个人在专业活动中的地位是非常重要的。本文的目的是识别和分析在乌克兰终身学习条件下一个人的精神价值和活力的特点。灵性是一个宗教范畴。同时，灵性是一种社会和道德价值，其本质是创造一个人文宽容的自由世界的能力。适应力是一种克服特定环境下的个性的方法，一种克服自身个性的方法。生命稳定是生命赋予的基础，生命赋予可以定义为人类创造自己生命的活动。本研究以62名青少年为研究对象，采用了以下实证研究方法:S. Maddy生存力测试;SAMOAL问卷(A.V. Lazukin, M.F. Kalin的改编);作者关于灵性和个人精神价值研究的调查问卷。事实证明，与自我实现型人格具有相同价值观的人，其特点是能够成功地克服逆境。一个人的精神价值与他/她的活力和参与、控制和接受风险的“hardy”态度有显著的直接关系。作为社会进步的基础，个人的活力在其继续教育中起着至关重要的作用。个人的活力可以抵消环境的消极影响，有效地克服生活中的困难，将其转化为发展的局面;促进个性的自我实现，激励自我发展，促进健康的思维和行为方式。
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Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/kibit.2019.39.11
V. Kacharova, O. Koval, I. Nesterenko
Personality values serve the function of regulating behaviour and defining its purpose, linking it into a single whole personality and social environment. At each stage of personality development, the choice of the dominant mechanism of value system formation is determined by a complex set of internal and external factors. The importance of the study is the need to follow the process of worldview changes that occur in the period from youth to adulthood. An essential stage in youth is to adequately overcome the crisis of identity, which opens a positive direction in the development and transition to another crisis - the crisis of adulthood. In adulthood, a person is more active in his life, fully reveals his full potential; this leads to the creation of material and spiritual values of society. The main thing during this period of life is a professional activity and family relations. If at a young age there was a mastery of the profession and the choice of a companion, then in adulthood, it is the realization of their capabilities, skill in the chosen activity and family relations. The crisis of youth age is a loss of one's integrity as an individual and a lack of social definition. Because of this, there are "doubts" about my self, my actions, my place in the group, my future. There are possible consequences of frustration with the goals and social tasks of the individual, which can lead to the following options of subjective response: avoidance, passivity or aggressive confrontation. The crisis of adulthood is a reassessment of values, testing them for "effectiveness". The vast majority of mature people raise their offspring and, depending on their skill in coping with crises, this will affect the next generation, their psychological characteristics and their professional activities. The crisis of identity is the loss of self-worth, the blocking of inner identity and the lack of social acceptance. This crisis is both an age and a life crisis of man. It is the most difficult during the self-determination of personality.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/kibit.2019.39.09
I. Nesterenko
Earlier, scientists believed that sleep is necessary for the "rest" of brain neurons, and therefore sleep should be characterized by a decrease in the activity of brain neurons during this period. However, studies of the electrical activity of individual brain neurons during sleep have shown that during sleep, overall, there is no decrease in the average frequency of neuronal activity compared to the state of restful wakefulness. Currently, sleep research and diagnosis of its pathologies are performed using polysomnography, a system of recording brain activity (EEG), eye movements, muscle activity or skeletal muscle activation (EMG), and heart rate (ECG). During sleep, the metabolic processes in the cerebral cortex do not fall (slow sleep phase); as one would expect, but instead they grow (in the fast-sleep phase), resulting in the sleeping person's brain consuming more oxygen than the human being in a state of alertness. In general, a person's dream has a proper cyclic organization. Electroencephalographic analysis of night sleep allows distinguishing five stages. The first four refer to the slow phase of sleep, the fifth to the fast. The peculiarity of the interpretation of dreams is the first science known by Z. Freud. His theory has a reverse temporal direction toward childhood experiences and childhood suppressed desires. In the Jungian approach, the overall function of dreams is to try to restore our mental balance through the production of dream material, which restores - in a very delicate way - a wholesome mental balance. In the framework of Gestalt Therapy by F. Perls he believed that in order to understand the meaning of dreams, it was better not to interpret it. Given that dreaming is a projection where all the actors and objects that appear in it are the dreamer, it is more appropriate to find feelings about the objects and subjects of sleep. Therefore, it can be argued that the human brain is active during sleep, although this activity is qualitatively different than during the state, and in different stages of sleep has its specificity. Since the formation and development of Freud's views, dreams have been recognized by psychotherapists as an essential key on the path from unconscious material to the achievement of human integrity.
{"title":"Sleep Physiology and Dreams Subjective Meaning","authors":"I. Nesterenko","doi":"10.37203/kibit.2019.39.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2019.39.09","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier, scientists believed that sleep is necessary for the \"rest\" of brain neurons, and therefore sleep should be characterized by a decrease in the activity of brain neurons during this period. However, studies of the electrical activity of individual brain neurons during sleep have shown that during sleep, overall, there is no decrease in the average frequency of neuronal activity compared to the state of restful wakefulness. Currently, sleep research and diagnosis of its pathologies are performed using polysomnography, a system of recording brain activity (EEG), eye movements, muscle activity or skeletal muscle activation (EMG), and heart rate (ECG). During sleep, the metabolic processes in the cerebral cortex do not fall (slow sleep phase); as one would expect, but instead they grow (in the fast-sleep phase), resulting in the sleeping person's brain consuming more oxygen than the human being in a state of alertness. In general, a person's dream has a proper cyclic organization. Electroencephalographic analysis of night sleep allows distinguishing five stages. The first four refer to the slow phase of sleep, the fifth to the fast. The peculiarity of the interpretation of dreams is the first science known by Z. Freud. His theory has a reverse temporal direction toward childhood experiences and childhood suppressed desires. In the Jungian approach, the overall function of dreams is to try to restore our mental balance through the production of dream material, which restores - in a very delicate way - a wholesome mental balance. In the framework of Gestalt Therapy by F. Perls he believed that in order to understand the meaning of dreams, it was better not to interpret it. Given that dreaming is a projection where all the actors and objects that appear in it are the dreamer, it is more appropriate to find feelings about the objects and subjects of sleep. Therefore, it can be argued that the human brain is active during sleep, although this activity is qualitatively different than during the state, and in different stages of sleep has its specificity. Since the formation and development of Freud's views, dreams have been recognized by psychotherapists as an essential key on the path from unconscious material to the achievement of human integrity. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33768,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kiyivs''kii institut biznesu ta tekhnologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/kibit.2019.39.01
A. Bulavinov, V. Kacharova
The youth are treated as a psychological age, during which the transition to independence, a period of self-determination, the acquisition of psychological, ideological and civic maturity occurs, outlook, moral consciousness and self-consciousness are formed. This article highlights features of the development of the locus of control at a young age. The concept of locus of control and its types is disclosed. Also described are the factors that influence the formation of the activity of behavioural activity and attitudes of subjects in adolescence, namely - its formation depends on both internal (subjective) and external (objective) factors. However, the perception of the world through one type of locus is crucial: internal (internal) or by the external (external) locus of control. The relevance of the study is due to the needs of both theoretical and practical needs. First of all, the need to follow how the locus of control directs the young man's actions in the direction necessary for his development. Central to the development of psychological tumours is the emergence of phenomena of consciousness during adolescence and adolescence, which dramatically changes the behaviour of the young man towards himself and the world, as he becomes able to make choices independently, based on personal principles and values and be responsible for the choice made. It is also conditioned by the importance of the process of self-determination of personality, which is the most important goal during the adolescence. In this regard, it is clear that the question of the locus of control, like the search for oneself, is receiving attention in psychology. Thus, the term locus of control allows us to trace the significant moments of manifestations of activity in the behavioural activity and relationships of subjects. What is the reason for the change in emotional and behavioural responses is due to the lack of people with a predominant external or internal locus of control.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.37203/KIBIT.2019.39.08
Yu. Lanovenko
There are many problems in psychological reality that make it impossible for any empirical study to be due to the lack of adequate psychodiagnostic tools. The purpose of this article is to select psychodiagnostic tools that would provide an adequate picture of the characteristics of the experiences of young people their transition period. The existential philosophy became the theoretical basis for revealing the profound and essential content of the normative crisis of adolescence since it was in the works of philosophers in this direction that an attempt was made to reveal the inner world of man in his specific identity. Adaptation of the existential paradigm to psychological practice was made by humanistic psychology, which put forward the principle of focusing on the individual subject and study the holistic personality of an average person as the central methodological postulate. Authors used ideographic or phenomenological methods during the research. Hence, the requirements for choosing an adequate methodical admission of our study were: 1) the possibility of receiving in-depth information about the inner experience of the investigated since this is the level of self-knowledge at which the subject reveals his existence; 2) the ability of the chosen methodology to reveal the individual characteristics of each respondent's maturity; 3) the need to analyze how exactly adulthood influenced the realization of primary existential integration (as a new feature of adolescence) and the subsequent life of the subject; it is about realizing the principle of unity of the entire life path of the respondent, revealing the integrity and continuity of the events of his inner world. Among the existing methodical techniques that can directly lead to the phenomenon under study, we can distinguish the method of conversation, which became for us the fundamental and specified in the exact method of an in-depth interview. The article further provides a methodological justification for receiving in-depth interviews to explore adolescent existential experiences.
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