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Lexicon in Tradition Kuih Ashura Malay Society Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand: an Ethnolinguistik Study 传统Kuih Ashura马来社会词汇泰国Nakhon Si Thammarat:民族语言学研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.32622
Oktavia Winda Lestari, Y. Widiastuti, M. Jazeri, H. Busri
Abstract. The study of ethnolinguistics is a combination of two sciences, namely, ethnology and linguistics. The study of certain ethnic groups, certain cultures, and the intricacies of their language is ethnolinguistic studies. With the merging of knowledge, ethnolinguistics is the study of culture and language or linguistics. This study seeks to explain the form of the lexicon and the form of culture in the Kuih Ashura tradition of the Malay society of Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand. This research is based on the study of ethnolinguistic theory which explains the relationship between culture and language. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive type. The techniques and methods in this study use note taking techniques and the listening method in mentioning terms or conversations when the Kuih Ashura tradition is carried out by the Malay community of Nakhon Si Thammarat. This study seeks to explain that the Kuih Ashura tradition is always carried out every year in the Islamic New Year. The results showed that there were 12 monomorphemic forms, 9 polymorphemic forms, and 2 forms of Kuih Ashura culture in the  Malay society of Nakhon Si Thammarat as ideas, values, norms, provisions, and as community activities.Keywords: The Kuih Ashura, Malay Society Thailand, Ethnolinguistic Study
摘要民族语言学研究是民族学和语言学两门学科的结合。对某些民族、某些文化及其语言复杂性的研究是民族语言学研究。随着知识的融合,民族语言学是对文化和语言或语言学的研究。本研究试图解释泰国呵叻马来社会Kuih Ashura传统中的词汇形式和文化形式。本研究以民族语言学理论为基础,阐释了文化与语言的关系。这种类型的研究采用定性描述类型。当Nakhon Si Thammarat的马来社区推行Kuih Ashura传统时,本研究中的技术和方法在提及术语或对话时使用了笔记技术和听力方法。本研究试图解释奎阿修罗传统总是在每年的伊斯兰新年进行。结果表明,呵叻马来社会的Kuih Ashura文化有12种单形态、9种多形态和2种形式,分别是思想、价值观、规范、规定和社区活动。关键词:阿修罗、泰国马来社会、民族语言学研究
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引用次数: 0
Effective Written Corrective Feedback on EFL Students’ Academic Writing 对EFL学生学术写作的有效书面纠正反馈
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.34996
Andi Wirantaka
Abstract. Written corrective feedback (WCF) is believed to be one of the essential factors in the improvement of students' academic writing in English as Foreign Language (EFL) context. WCF is crucial for EFL students as they may face both language barriers and problems related to academic requirements during the process of writing. Hence, EFL students tend to have more challenges than L1 students, especially in making pieces of academic writing. This current research aims to find out the criteria of effective WCF that help EFL students on their academic writing. This current research employed qualitative approach. The current research isa descriptive qualitative research design. It employed interview as a data collection method. Interview guidelines were used as the instrument of data collection. Participants of the study are four students in an English Education Department in a private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The participants experienced the process of writing a research report as the fulfillment of getting an undergraduate degree. The research found that criteria of effective WCF i.e. WCF should be understandable, focused, and direct. These findings imply that teachers should consider how to give WCF to the students. The criteria of effective WCF found in the current study could be reference and guideline by the teacher about what kind of WCF that help students better in their academic writing. By considering the WCF they give, teachers could have better writing feedback to the students.Keywords: Feedback, Written Corrective Feedback, Academic Writing
摘要书面纠正反馈(WCF)被认为是提高学生英语学术写作水平的重要因素之一。WCF对EFL学生来说至关重要,因为他们在写作过程中可能会面临语言障碍和与学术要求相关的问题。因此,EFL学生往往比L1学生面临更多的挑战,尤其是在撰写学术文章方面。本研究旨在找出有效的WCF标准,以帮助EFL学生进行学术写作。目前的研究采用了定性方法。目前的研究是描述性的定性研究设计。它将访谈作为一种数据收集方法。访谈指南被用作数据收集的工具。这项研究的参与者是印度尼西亚日惹一所私立大学英语教育系的四名学生。参与者经历了撰写研究报告的过程,这是获得本科学位的一种实现。研究发现,有效的周转基金标准,即周转基金应是可理解的、有重点的和直接的。这些发现意味着教师应该考虑如何给学生提供WCF。本研究中发现的有效WCF标准可供教师参考和指导,以确定什么样的WCF能帮助学生更好地进行学术写作。通过考虑他们提供的WCF,教师可以更好地向学生提供写作反馈。关键词:反馈,书面纠正反馈,学术写作
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引用次数: 1
Practical Values of Thesaurus of Modern Chinese in Nursing Scope Vocabulary 现代汉语同义词库在护理范畴词汇中的应用价值
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.35107
Fransiska Wiratikusuma, Yohana Wiratikusuma
Abstract. The perspective formed by the mother tongue frequently influences the vocabulary used in speaking and writing while learning a new language. To make identifying and selecting the appropriate vocabulary according to the terminology commonly used by native speakers in the nursing field easier, Mandarin learners, notably those studying nursing, need vocabulary references that are organised systematically based on vocabulary domains. This study aims to serve as a resource for the processes in learning to increase overall proficiency in Mandarin for nursing. A Thesaurus of Modern Chinese (TMC) contains the lexical-semantic structure of Mandarin. Therefore, Chinese learners can learn the syntactic language that native Chinese speakers regularly use. This study examines the scope of vocabulary case studies in nursing from this thesaurus. The research strategy looks for relevant terminology in the nursing sector. This study also investigates the value of knowing Chinese to help nursing careers and the exposure to learning Mandarin in the nursing industry by related vocabulary. By selecting the nursing scope vocabulary from the thesaurus, This study can take more terms, particularly complex words, which are simple for native speakers but challenging for foreign learners.Keywords: A Thesaurus Of Modern Chinese; Mandarin Language Ability; Career Advancement; Nursing Expertise; Vocabulary
摘要在学习一门新语言的过程中,母语形成的视角经常影响到口语和写作中使用的词汇。为了更容易地根据护理领域母语人士常用的术语识别和选择合适的词汇,汉语学习者,特别是学习护理的人,需要根据词汇域系统地组织词汇参考。本研究旨在为护理学普通话学习提供参考。《现代汉语同义词典》包含了汉语的词汇语义结构。因此,汉语学习者可以学习母语为汉语的人经常使用的句法语言。本研究考察了词汇案例研究在护理从这个同义词典的范围。研究策略寻找护理部门的相关术语。本研究亦透过相关词汇,探讨了解中文对护理事业的价值,以及在护理行业学习普通话的机会。通过从同义词典中选择护理范畴词汇,本研究可以选取更多的词汇,特别是复杂的词汇,这些词汇对母语人士来说很简单,但对外国学习者来说却很有挑战性。关键词:现代汉语叙词表;普通话能力;职业发展;护理专业知识;词汇表
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引用次数: 1
The Shift of Adjunct Structures of Indonesian Translation of English in a News Portal: A Linguistic Study 从语言学角度看新闻门户中印尼语英语翻译的附加结构转换
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.35099
Moh. Khoirul Anam
Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to explore the phrase that functions as an adjunct in the articles which are written in two version of the language: English and Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, it can be seen in the deep structure of the article whether the translations are kept to use the same structure from the English or to use another one in the Indonesian translation. This will reveal the strategy that the translator uses in translating the articles. News Articles from www.bbc.com were taken as the data of the present study. In gaining the data, purposive sampling technique was used. This technique was to find out more comprehensive data. There are twenty-two data studied in this study which comprises eleven English and Indonesian text in equal. The data were the same articles that were written in English and their translations, in Bahasa Indonesia. Results of the present study show that, first, there were different variations of constituent constructing the phrase when written in both languages. Second, two different constituents can create a new phrase in which there is no such a head representing the phrase. Third, a preposition in Bahasa Indonesia can precedes the adjectives.Keywords: English, Indonesian, Adjunct, News Portal
摘要本研究的目的是探索在用英语和印度尼西亚语两种语言写成的文章中起辅助作用的短语。因此,从文章的深层结构中可以看出,翻译是保持使用与英语相同的结构,还是在印尼语翻译中使用另一种结构。这将揭示译者在翻译文章时使用的策略。来自www.bbc.com的新闻文章被作为本研究的数据。在获取数据时,使用了有目的的采样技术。这项技术是为了找出更全面的数据。本研究共研究了22个数据,其中包括11个英语和印尼语文本。这些数据是用印度尼西亚文写成的英文文章及其翻译。研究结果表明:第一,在用两种语言书写时,构成短语的成分有不同的变化。第二,两个不同的成分可以创建一个新的短语,其中没有代表该短语的头部。第三,印尼语中的介词可以在形容词之前。关键词:英语,印尼语,副业,新闻门户
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引用次数: 0
Proverbs in German Textbooks and their Equivalents in Indonesian 德语教科书中的谚语及其印尼语对等语
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.25079
Iman Santoso, S. Sudarmaji, Retna Endah Sri Mulyati, S. Megawati
Abstract. Lingual elements in the form of proverbs are often found in German textbooks. Proverbs can be a medium to understand the cultural background of the German language because it reflects the culture, values, and mindset of the speaking community. However, proverbs have not been widely studied in terms of their meaning and equivalent in  Indonesian. This research aims to examine the form of German proverbs in German textbooks and find the equivalent of Indonesian proverbs based on their meaning, figurative elements, and cultural backgrounds. This research is qualitative research with a literature study. The data source of this research is the German language textbooks used in universities in Indonesia. The data collected are German proverbs in phrases or sentences and analyzed morphologically and semantically to find their equivalent in Indonesian. The research instrument is the human instrument. Data collection is done by reading and note-taking techniques. The data’s validity is obtained by reading the data repeatedly and discussed in the Focus Group Discussion. The research findings showed that very few German proverbs have the same meaning and figurative elements as Indonesian. However, there are German proverbs that have the same meaning as Indonesian proverbs but have different figurative elements. In addition, there are German proverbs that do not have Indonesian equivalents. This finding confirms that people who speak German and Indonesian have different values and mindsets, although they also have the same perspective on certain realities.Keywords: Proverbs, German Textbook, The Meaning Of Proverbs, Figurative Elements
摘要谚语形式的语言元素经常出现在德语教科书中。谚语可以作为理解德语文化背景的媒介,因为它反映了讲德语的群体的文化、价值观和心态。然而,谚语在印尼语中的意义和等价性并没有得到广泛的研究。本研究旨在检视德文教科书中德国谚语的形式,并根据其意义、比喻元素和文化背景,找出与印尼谚语对等的形式。本研究采用文献研究法进行定性研究。本研究的数据来源是印度尼西亚大学使用的德语教科书。收集的数据是德语谚语的短语或句子,并分析其在印尼语中的形态和语义。研究工具是人的工具。数据收集是通过阅读和做笔记来完成的。数据的有效性是通过反复阅读数据获得的,并在焦点小组讨论中进行讨论。研究结果表明,德语谚语中很少有与印尼语具有相同意义和比喻元素的谚语。然而,也有一些德国谚语与印度尼西亚谚语意义相同,但具有不同的比喻元素。此外,还有一些德国谚语在印度尼西亚是没有对应的。这一发现证实了说德语和印度尼西亚语的人有不同的价值观和心态,尽管他们对某些现实也有相同的看法。关键词:谚语;德语教科书;谚语意义
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引用次数: 0
The Grammatical Functions of Korean Sentences in Yun Dong Ju’s Poem Titled 길 (Gil/The Road) and its Indonesian Equivalent 尹东柱诗歌《路》及其印尼语对应词中韩语句子的语法功能
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.29431
Lia Amelia Nurkhazanah, Ypsi Soeria Soemantri, W. Wagiati, P. Kadir
Abstract. The aim of this study is to compare the grammatical functions contained in Yun Dong Ju's poem entitled 길 (Gil/The Road) in the book Puisi untuk Rakyat Indonesia (Poetry for Indonesian People) translated by Chung Young Rim. The data were analyzed based on the syntactic structure in the source language, which is Korean, and its translation into the target language, which is Indonesian, to implement the study of syntactic theory and its application in the field of comparative literary translation. The method of this research was descriptive contrastive qualitative. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques were observing and taking notes. First of all, the researchers explained the grammatical functions contained in the poem both in Korean and Indonesian, and then compared the syntactic function data. The results of the study on Yun Dong Ju’s poem entitled (Gil/ The Road) that focused on the comparison between the grammatical functions in the source language and those in the target language showed that there are 4 times occurrence of the addition of subjects and 1 time occurrence of the addition of adjunct in the target language; 5 changes in grammatical functions, 4 deletions of grammatical functions in the target language, and 2 diction differences in grammatical functions. Furthermore, there are 2 data that show no changes in in its grammatical functions. The changes in the syntactic structure found in Yun Dong Ju’s poem entitled길 (Gil/The Road) occurred to avoid ambiguity in conveying meaning since in Indonesian, clear subjects and adjuncts are needed. Therefore, the translation system tends to be broader than the source language.Keywords:  Syntax, Grammatical Functions, Poem, Korean, Indonesian
摘要本研究的目的是比较云冬菊的诗《》所包含的语法功能길 钟英林翻译的《印度尼西亚人民的诗歌》一书中的“Gil/The Road”。基于源语言韩语的句法结构及其翻译成目标语言印尼语的数据进行分析,以实现句法理论及其在比较文学翻译领域的应用研究。本研究采用描述性对比定性研究方法。与此同时,数据收集技术正在观察和记录。首先,研究人员用朝鲜语和印尼语解释了这首诗所包含的语法功能,然后对句法功能数据进行了比较。对云的《Gil/The Road》诗进行了研究,重点比较了源语和目的语的语法功能,结果表明:在目的语中,主词的添加出现了4次,附加词的添加发生了1次;语法功能变化5处,目标语言语法功能删除4处,语法功能措辞差异2处。此外,有2项数据显示其语法功能没有变化。云诗句法结构的变化길 (Gil/The Road)的出现是为了避免在传达含义时出现歧义,因为在印尼语中,需要清晰的主语和附加词。因此,翻译系统往往比源语言更广泛。关键词:语法,语法功能,诗歌,韩语,印尼语
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引用次数: 0
Language Learning Strategies in Online CLIL-Oriented Classrooms: Voices from Indonesian Higher Education Students 在线课堂的语言学习策略:来自印尼高等教育学生的声音
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.35941
K. Khoiriyah, Soeparto Soeparto
Abstract. This research aims to analyze the students’ language learning strategies (henceforth LLSs) in online CLIL-oriented classroom and to explore the students’ suggestions toward their online learning in relation to their LLSs. Through a mixed-method, this research involved nineteen students who were enrolled in the psychology department's "International Class" at an Indonesian private university. Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire was distributed followed by conducting semi-structured interview. The finding revealed that all of the participants utilized all of LLSs such as memory strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, affective strategies, and social strategies. Cognitive and metacognitive strategies were considered as the most dominant strategies used during online learning, while affective and social strategies were the least preferable strategies. Based on the student’ response, this might be due to the fact that students are fully responsible for managing the overall learning process and evaluating their learning more frequently to achieve the learning goals, including content knowledge and academic language learning, when using online learning modes, either synchronous or asynchronous, Thus, some suggestions were addressed in terms of lecturers’ scaffolding, structured pre-class activities and collaborative learning. In conclusion, the students adopted high cognitive and metacognitive strategies followed by compensation strategies and other strategies such as social, memory and affective strategies respectively. Yet,CLIL teachers were also suggested to provide online learning activities which also facilitate social strategies as it was deemed by students to have more active participation in online classes. This provides some insight and pedagogical suggestions how EFL teachers or content teachers to facilitate their students to have more effective learning process based on their learning strategies.Keywords: Language Learning Strategies; Online CLIL classroom; Students’ voices
摘要本研究旨在分析学生在以CLIL为导向的在线课堂中的语言学习策略,并探讨学生对其在线学习的建议。通过混合方法,这项研究涉及19名印尼私立大学心理学系“国际班”的学生。分发语言学习策略量表(SILL)问卷,然后进行半结构化访谈。研究结果显示,所有参与者都使用了所有的LLSs,如记忆策略、认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和社交策略。认知和元认知策略被认为是在线学习中最主要的策略,而情感和社交策略是最不可取的策略。根据学生的反应,这可能是因为当使用同步或异步的在线学习模式时,学生全权负责管理整个学习过程,并更频繁地评估他们的学习,以实现学习目标,包括内容知识和学术语言学习。因此,从讲师的脚手架、结构化的课前活动和协作学习等方面提出了一些建议。总之,学生们分别采用了高度认知和元认知策略,然后是补偿策略和其他策略,如社交、记忆和情感策略。然而,CLIL教师也被建议提供在线学习活动,这也有助于制定社交策略,因为学生认为这会更积极地参与在线课堂。这为EFL教师或内容教师如何根据他们的学习策略促进学生进行更有效的学习提供了一些见解和教学建议。关键词:语言学习策略;在线CLIL课堂;学生的声音
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引用次数: 1
Analysis and Comparison of the Theoretical Model of the Relationship between Reading and Writing 阅读与写作关系理论模型的分析与比较
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.18975
Ediwarman Ediwarman, S. Syafrizal, J. Pahamzah
Abstract. This study compares and evaluates three alternative theoretical models of the relevant writing relationships. The reading dimensions of this model include components of understanding of places and parts. Dimensions include components of spelling, vocabulary, word structure, and story structure. These models differ with respect to the order in which the dimensions of reading and writing are related. The interactive model allows the use of reading knowledge in writing, and vice versa. Other models (read-to-write; write-to-read) only allow knowledge to move in one direction. These models are evaluated based on the model. The ability to explain the relationships found in the extensive corpus of reading and collecting data from 256 second graders and 251 fourth graders. The interactive model fits the data better than the read-to-write model at the second grade level and the write-to-read model at both grade levels and the read-to-write model are superior to the write-to-write model.  Specific relationships are examined and pedagogical implications.Keywords: Analysis, Model Comparison, Reading, Writing.
摘要本研究比较并评价了三种可供选择的相关写作关系理论模型。该模型的阅读维度包括对地点和部分的理解。维度包括拼写、词汇、单词结构和故事结构的组成部分。这些模型在阅读和写作维度相关的顺序上有所不同。互动模式允许在写作中使用阅读知识,反之亦然。其他模式(读到写;写到读)只允许知识向一个方向移动。这些模型是基于该模型进行评估的。在阅读和收集256名二年级学生和251名四年级学生的数据的广泛语料库中发现的解释关系的能力。交互模型比二年级的读写模型更适合数据,两个年级的写读模型和读写模型都优于写写模型。研究了具体的关系和教学意义。关键词:分析,模型比较,阅读,写作。
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引用次数: 0
Personal and Contextual Factors Influencing Teacher Agency in Overcoming Students’ Learning Difficulties 影响教师代理克服学生学习困难的个人因素和情境因素
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.34196
Y. Lestari, Kamaludin Yusra, N. Hanafi, Nawawi Nawawi, Nuriadi Nuriadi
Abstract: Research demonstrates that the extent to which teacher agency is achieved is influenced by personal and contextual conditions of possibility and constraints. This study identifies personal and contextual factors that influence teacher agency in overcoming student learning difficulties. Although there are many studies showing factors influencing teacher agency in various contexts, little research, if any, has been done on personal and contextual factors influencing teacher agency in overcoming students’ learning difficulties in the Indonesian higher education. This research filled the gap by examining the factors influencing teacher agency in overcoming student learning difficulties at a postgraduate English department at a government university in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research is a case study involving four (4) university teachers who teach at the department as the research participants who were selected purposively. Data of the study were collected through in-depth interviews. Semi-structured interview was employed in which open and close-ended questions about personal and contextual factors influencing teacher agency in helping students with learning difficulties were given. The data form the interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results demonstrated that a number of personal and contextual factors enabled and constrained teacher agency enactment when overcoming student difficulties in learning. Personal factors include sound pedagogical knowledge and teaching experience. Contextual factors involve having collaborative relationships among university teachers and students, and school management. As teachers work under varying constraints even within the same institution, further research needs to be conducted to uncover more factors influencing teacher agency. Keywords: Personal Factor, Contextual Factor, Teacher Agency, Students’ Learning Difficulty
摘要:研究表明,教师能动性的实现程度受到可能性和约束的个人和情境条件的影响。本研究确定了影响教师克服学生学习困难的个人因素和情境因素。虽然有许多研究显示了在各种情境下影响教师代理的因素,但对印度尼西亚高等教育中影响教师代理克服学生学习困难的个人和情境因素的研究很少,如果有的话。本研究在印度尼西亚西努沙登加拉一所公立大学的研究生英语系调查了影响教师代理克服学生学习困难的因素,填补了这一空白。本研究是一个个案研究,涉及四(4)大学教师谁教在该部门作为研究参与者是有目的的选择。本研究的数据是通过深度访谈收集的。采用半结构化访谈法,对影响教师帮助学习困难学生的个人因素和情境因素进行开放性和封闭性问卷调查。访谈数据采用定性内容分析进行分析。结果表明,在克服学生的学习困难时,许多个人因素和环境因素使教师代理的制定成为可能,同时也限制了教师代理的制定。个人因素包括良好的教学知识和教学经验。背景因素包括大学师生之间的合作关系和学校管理。由于教师在同一机构内的工作受到不同的约束,需要进一步的研究来揭示更多影响教师代理的因素。关键词:个人因素、情境因素、教师代理、学生学习困难
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引用次数: 0
The Needs of English Culinary Booklet to Support Domestic and Foreign Promotion at the South Sumatra Culture and Tourism Office 南苏门答腊岛文化和旅游局的《需要英文烹饪小册子以支持国内外推广》
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.26858/eralingua.v6i2.35935
Mona Monika, R. Inderawati, E. Eryansyah
Abstract. This research aimed to determine the Domestic and Foreign Promotion at the South Sumatra Culture and Tourism Office needs in booklet development based on South Sumatra culinary. The data were obtained through the use of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The sample of this study was stakeholders’ and staff at South Sumatera Culture and Tourism office. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The needs analysis performed included TSA, deficiency analysis, PSA, and strategy analysis. The result of the need analysis showed that: 1) booklet material was important to support the region’s promotion. 2) developed English culinary booklet is important to help South Sumatra promote well because most of its employees already have an intermediate level of English. 3) Booklets that are remade only once a year with almost the same topic and only updated. 4) Integrating a culinary booklet was needed since there was only a booklet related to South Sumatera in general. 5) Integrating the Traditional Culinary Booklet of South Sumatra could encourage the awareness to learn traditional culinary of South Sumatra. 6) Most readers needed to learn the South Sumatera culinary booklet related to the main course, Dessert and Appetizer. 7) The readers prefer it will be using easy-to-understand language, and there is an explanation for difficult terms. Due to the needs, it was necessary to develop an English booklet by integrating South Sumatra culinary, which can support domestic and foreign promotion at the South Sumatra Culture and Tourism Office.Keywords: English Culinary Booklet, Tourism, Needs Analysis
摘要本研究旨在确定国内和国外推广在南苏门答腊岛文化和旅游办公室需要的小册子开发基于南苏门答腊岛烹饪。数据是通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈获得的。本研究的样本是南苏门答腊文化和旅游办公室的利益相关者和工作人员。对数据进行定量和定性分析。执行的需求分析包括TSA、缺陷分析、PSA和策略分析。需求分析的结果表明:1)小册子材料对支持该区域的推广很重要。2)开发的英语烹饪小册子对于帮助南苏门答腊推广很重要,因为它的大多数员工已经具有中等水平的英语水平。3)小册子每年只重新制作一次,主题几乎相同,只更新。4)整合一本烹饪小册子是必要的,因为只有一本与南苏门答腊有关的小册子。5)整合《南苏门答腊传统烹饪手册》可以鼓励学习南苏门答腊传统烹饪的意识6)大多数读者需要学习与主菜,甜点和开胃菜相关的南苏门答腊烹饪手册7)读者喜欢使用易于理解的语言,并且对困难的术语有解释。由于需要,有必要编写一本英文小册子,将南苏门答腊岛的烹饪融入其中,以支持南苏门答腊岛文化和旅游局在国内和国外的推广。关键词:英文烹饪小册子,旅游,需求分析
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引用次数: 0
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Eralingua Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra
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