Cite this article: Evert, V. V. (2019). Pathomorphological changes of the spleen of pigs at different stages of development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 126‒132. doi: 10.32819/2019.71022 Abstract. The spleen is an organ that controls the antigenic homeostasis of the blood and provides its filtration. With purpose of determination of pathomorphological changes in the spleen of pigs at different stages of the development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection the comprehensive research was carried out in pig farms of Ukraine, with intensive technology of pig rearing, at the department of normal and pathological anatomy of agricultural animals and the Scientific and Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of the Agroindustrial Complex Resources of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. On the ground of pathological and immunohistochemical studies, the pathomorphological changes of the spleen of pigs at different stages of the development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection have been determined. For pathomorphological studies, animals with clinical signs of active PCV2-infection (in 1 ml of whole blood contained more than 107 copies of the gene, equivalent to the PCV2-virus), as well as piglets with positive optical density of specific antibodies (Ig G and Ig M) in serum blood were selected. It was established, that in the case of clinically expressed PCV2-infection, the spleen had severe symptoms of the disease, the intensity of which depended on the stage of the disease. The stage of early active PCV2-infection is characterized by moderate increase in the macromorphometric parameters of the organ, significant increase in the relative area of the white pulp (at the expense of periarterial lymphoid sheaths and lymph nodules). At the stage of active chronic PCV2-infection, the sharp increase in organometric parameters of the spleen, decrease in the relative indices of white pulp on the background of increase in the area of connective tissue stroma and red pulp are observed. The stage of resolution of PCV2infection is characterized by symptoms of sclerosis of lymphoid parenchyma of the organ. With that its macroscopic and morphometric parameters somewhat increase, but the morphometric indices of the white pulp are minimal, and the indices of the connective tissue stroma are maximal. The development of the infectious process for clinically expressed PCV2-infection is manifested by reactive and acute inflammatory processes in the parenchyma of the spleen. Due to the lymphotropic properties of the pathogen, its ability to be stored in macrophages, the acute inflammatory process is gradually transformed into chronic, and reactive inflammation – into a productive granulomatous type, which is related to immunopathological hypersensitivity reactions of the delayed type.
本文引自:Evert, V. V.(2019)。临床表达的pcv2感染不同发展阶段猪脾脏的病理形态学变化。兽医学理论与应用，7(2)，126-132。doi: 10.32819/2019.71022脾脏是控制血液抗原稳态并提供血液过滤的器官。为了确定临床表达的pcv2感染不同发展阶段猪脾脏的病理形态学变化，在乌克兰猪场进行了全面的研究，采用集约化养猪技术。在第聂伯罗国立农业和经济大学农业动物正常和病理解剖系以及农业工业综合资源生物安全和环境控制科学研究中心工作。在病理和免疫组化研究的基础上，确定了临床表达的pcv2感染不同发展阶段猪脾脏的病理形态学变化。病理形态学研究选择有pcv2感染活动性临床体征的动物(1 ml全血中含有107个以上的基因拷贝，相当于pcv2病毒)，以及血清中特异性抗体(Ig G和Ig M)光密度阳性的仔猪。结果表明，在临床表达pcv2感染的情况下，脾脏具有严重的疾病症状，其强度取决于疾病的分期。早期活动性pcv2感染的特征是器官的大形态参数适度增加，白髓的相对面积显著增加(以动脉周围淋巴鞘和淋巴结节为代价)。在活动性慢性pcv2感染阶段，脾脏脏器参数急剧升高，结缔组织间质和红髓面积增加，白髓相关指标下降。pcv2感染的消退阶段以器官淋巴实质硬化症状为特征。其宏观和形态计量指标有所增加，但白髓的形态计量指标最小，结缔组织基质的形态计量指标最大。临床表达的pcv2感染的感染过程的发展表现为脾实质的反应性和急性炎症过程。由于病原体的嗜淋巴性，其在巨噬细胞中的储存能力，使急性炎症过程逐渐转化为慢性、反应性炎症——转化为生产性肉芽肿型，这与免疫病理超敏反应的延迟型有关。
{"title":"Pathomorphological changes of the spleen of pigs at different stages of development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection","authors":"V. Evert","doi":"10.32819/2019.71023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71023","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Evert, V. V. (2019). Pathomorphological changes of the spleen of pigs at different stages of development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 126‒132. doi: 10.32819/2019.71022 Abstract. The spleen is an organ that controls the antigenic homeostasis of the blood and provides its filtration. With purpose of determination of pathomorphological changes in the spleen of pigs at different stages of the development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection the comprehensive research was carried out in pig farms of Ukraine, with intensive technology of pig rearing, at the department of normal and pathological anatomy of agricultural animals and the Scientific and Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of the Agroindustrial Complex Resources of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. On the ground of pathological and immunohistochemical studies, the pathomorphological changes of the spleen of pigs at different stages of the development of clinically expressed PCV2-infection have been determined. For pathomorphological studies, animals with clinical signs of active PCV2-infection (in 1 ml of whole blood contained more than 107 copies of the gene, equivalent to the PCV2-virus), as well as piglets with positive optical density of specific antibodies (Ig G and Ig M) in serum blood were selected. It was established, that in the case of clinically expressed PCV2-infection, the spleen had severe symptoms of the disease, the intensity of which depended on the stage of the disease. The stage of early active PCV2-infection is characterized by moderate increase in the macromorphometric parameters of the organ, significant increase in the relative area of the white pulp (at the expense of periarterial lymphoid sheaths and lymph nodules). At the stage of active chronic PCV2-infection, the sharp increase in organometric parameters of the spleen, decrease in the relative indices of white pulp on the background of increase in the area of connective tissue stroma and red pulp are observed. The stage of resolution of PCV2infection is characterized by symptoms of sclerosis of lymphoid parenchyma of the organ. With that its macroscopic and morphometric parameters somewhat increase, but the morphometric indices of the white pulp are minimal, and the indices of the connective tissue stroma are maximal. The development of the infectious process for clinically expressed PCV2-infection is manifested by reactive and acute inflammatory processes in the parenchyma of the spleen. Due to the lymphotropic properties of the pathogen, its ability to be stored in macrophages, the acute inflammatory process is gradually transformed into chronic, and reactive inflammation – into a productive granulomatous type, which is related to immunopathological hypersensitivity reactions of the delayed type.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Horiuk, Yu. V. (2019). Isolation of bacteriophages specific for Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 143‒146. doi: 10.32819/2019.71025 Abstract. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, draw the increasing attention as a control of bacterial pathogens. However, developing a successful strategy on the basis of phages requires in-depth analysis of the various parameters. The results of comparison of isolation procedures of bacteriophages specific for Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis from the secretion of cows which ill with subclinical form of mastitis are presented in the article. They can be used to create a phage preparation for the prophylaxis and veterinary treatment of mastitis. The initial stock for the obtaining of bacteriophages were samples of horned cattle secretion, which were processed according to standard procedures. For the purification of phagolysate from extraneous microflora have been used two-stage filtration (pore size of 0.45 μm), heating of tubes at a temperature of 60 ± 2°C for 30 minutes and exposure to chloroform. The lytic activity of bacteriophages as well as the morphology of the negative colonies were studied by the Gratia method. It is established that the microflora after the first passage was represented by different species, depending on the way the samples are processed. The method of purification of staphylococcal bacteriophages from bacterial cells with trichloromethane is the most effective. Yes, only Staphylococcus aureus stood out for the first passage. Many phages are unstable to chloroform. Therefore, this procedure is not entirely suitable for the initial isolation of staphylococcal bacteriophage. The extraneous flora of the phagolysate under the influence of 60 ± 2°C for 30 minutes is represented by heat-resistant bacteria: Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Bacillus. In the second passage, only the genus Enterococcus stands out. In the future, the foreign flora is not isolated. In general, the temperature treatment at the already named parameters is an efficient in quality, but long over time method. In the two-stage filtration of the phagolysate, the bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli, namely representatives of the genus Klebsiella, are isolated in the first and second passages. The use of filtration in the subsequent passage effectively purified phagolysate from extraneous microflora. The results of studies on the purification of staphylococcal bacteriophages from bacterial cells indicate the effectiveness of multi-stage filtration.
{"title":"Isolation of bacteriophages specific for Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis","authors":"Y. Horiuk","doi":"10.32819/2019.71025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71025","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Horiuk, Yu. V. (2019). Isolation of bacteriophages specific for Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 143‒146. doi: 10.32819/2019.71025 Abstract. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, draw the increasing attention as a control of bacterial pathogens. However, developing a successful strategy on the basis of phages requires in-depth analysis of the various parameters. The results of comparison of isolation procedures of bacteriophages specific for Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis from the secretion of cows which ill with subclinical form of mastitis are presented in the article. They can be used to create a phage preparation for the prophylaxis and veterinary treatment of mastitis. The initial stock for the obtaining of bacteriophages were samples of horned cattle secretion, which were processed according to standard procedures. For the purification of phagolysate from extraneous microflora have been used two-stage filtration (pore size of 0.45 μm), heating of tubes at a temperature of 60 ± 2°C for 30 minutes and exposure to chloroform. The lytic activity of bacteriophages as well as the morphology of the negative colonies were studied by the Gratia method. It is established that the microflora after the first passage was represented by different species, depending on the way the samples are processed. The method of purification of staphylococcal bacteriophages from bacterial cells with trichloromethane is the most effective. Yes, only Staphylococcus aureus stood out for the first passage. Many phages are unstable to chloroform. Therefore, this procedure is not entirely suitable for the initial isolation of staphylococcal bacteriophage. The extraneous flora of the phagolysate under the influence of 60 ± 2°C for 30 minutes is represented by heat-resistant bacteria: Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Bacillus. In the second passage, only the genus Enterococcus stands out. In the future, the foreign flora is not isolated. In general, the temperature treatment at the already named parameters is an efficient in quality, but long over time method. In the two-stage filtration of the phagolysate, the bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli, namely representatives of the genus Klebsiella, are isolated in the first and second passages. The use of filtration in the subsequent passage effectively purified phagolysate from extraneous microflora. The results of studies on the purification of staphylococcal bacteriophages from bacterial cells indicate the effectiveness of multi-stage filtration.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The modern sheep breeding industry is predominantly based on the efficient meat and milk production. At the same time, the woolen productivity is one of the strategic components of a country’s raw material security in the production of various products from it, where the Romanivska breed occupies an appropriate place. Results of research of indicators of woollen productivity of sheeps of Romanivska breed of different sex-age groups (adult ewes of 2–3 lambing times, ewe lambs and cowslip at birth, at 2-, 4- and 6 months of age) are given as a result of interaction of hereditary information and paratypical factors. The formation of physical and technical properties of sheep wool, age variability of its growth and development were studied depending on the season and technological use. Wool productivity has been evaluated by individual accounting for the wool shear of the entire test live-stock up to 0.1 kg. During the shearing, the wool shear of the unwashed wool and the output of the washed fibre were determined. The natural length of the wool set with precision to 0.5 cm using a millimeter ruler; true length – on the device FM – 0.4; the fineness of wool fibres – using the microscope «MP-3». A pronounced differentiation of the wool fibres by the fineness was established. The morphological composition of fleece wool can be a breeding trait closely related to the type of constitution of sheep, and directly affect the technological properties of wool raw materials. Thoroughbreed belonging of sheeps, age, sex, feeding and keeping of animals, selection and choice by level of woolliness have a significant influence on the formation of wool. The most intensive growth of wool in length occurs during the first two months of postnatal development of animals.
{"title":"Age-related variability of the woollen coat of Romanivska sheep breed","authors":"V. Pokhyl, L. Mykolaychuk","doi":"10.32819/2019.71031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71031","url":null,"abstract":". The modern sheep breeding industry is predominantly based on the efficient meat and milk production. At the same time, the woolen productivity is one of the strategic components of a country’s raw material security in the production of various products from it, where the Romanivska breed occupies an appropriate place. Results of research of indicators of woollen productivity of sheeps of Romanivska breed of different sex-age groups (adult ewes of 2–3 lambing times, ewe lambs and cowslip at birth, at 2-, 4- and 6 months of age) are given as a result of interaction of hereditary information and paratypical factors. The formation of physical and technical properties of sheep wool, age variability of its growth and development were studied depending on the season and technological use. Wool productivity has been evaluated by individual accounting for the wool shear of the entire test live-stock up to 0.1 kg. During the shearing, the wool shear of the unwashed wool and the output of the washed fibre were determined. The natural length of the wool set with precision to 0.5 cm using a millimeter ruler; true length – on the device FM – 0.4; the fineness of wool fibres – using the microscope «MP-3». A pronounced differentiation of the wool fibres by the fineness was established. The morphological composition of fleece wool can be a breeding trait closely related to the type of constitution of sheep, and directly affect the technological properties of wool raw materials. Thoroughbreed belonging of sheeps, age, sex, feeding and keeping of animals, selection and choice by level of woolliness have a significant influence on the formation of wool. The most intensive growth of wool in length occurs during the first two months of postnatal development of animals.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The «Humilide» – Biologically Active Feed Supplement is a 10 % solution of humic acids that, by its antioxidant, immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, affects feed conversion, productivity and meat quality of farm animals. It is made according to TU In 15.7-00493675 004: 2009 in the conditions of the Research Laboratory of Humic Substances named of prof. L. A. Khristeva. Most of the work on the effects of the supplement has been done on poultry of different species and pigs. The available data on the safety of the feed additive «Humilide» were analyzed and biotested on Paramecium caudatum in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation in the field of control of veterinary preparations and feed additives. A series of Humilide dilutions of 0.1–100 g/l on the culture medium at ciliates were prepared for toxicological studies. Acute toxicity data of the tested concentrations were obtained according to the recommended methods of rapid bioassay. LC 50 values were determined by probit analysis of lethality curves. In solutions of «Humilide» 1.0 and 10 g/l within 1 hour of observation, the death of the protozoa was less than 10 % of the total number. A concentration of 100 g/l causes a decrease their quantity. According to the calculation of the toxicity of «Humilide» by the method of Bliss & Prozorovsky LC 50 for Paramecium caudatum is 104 g / l. Using the graphical method for calculating LC 50 from the obtained regression line, the result was 124 g/l. Thus, «Humilide» at a concentration of less than 1 % is non-toxic to protozoa, NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) is 2 g/l and EC 50 (Half maximal effective concentration) is 104–124 g/l. Therefore, the results on the activity of «Humilide» in relation to the Paramecium caudatum allow to classify it as a non-toxic substance, LC 50 – over 5 000 mg/kg. It is IV class acute toxicity according to SP 8.8.1.2.002-98 (Ukraine) and international criteria – 5 toxicity category. When converted to the content of humic acids in the composition of the sample, this corresponds to 10.4–12.4 g/l.
{"title":"Determination of the level of safety of Humilid during biotesting at ciliates","authors":"L. Stepchenko, O. A. Kryvaya, V. Chumak","doi":"10.32819/2019.74037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74037","url":null,"abstract":". The «Humilide» – Biologically Active Feed Supplement is a 10 % solution of humic acids that, by its antioxidant, immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, affects feed conversion, productivity and meat quality of farm animals. It is made according to TU In 15.7-00493675 004: 2009 in the conditions of the Research Laboratory of Humic Substances named of prof. L. A. Khristeva. Most of the work on the effects of the supplement has been done on poultry of different species and pigs. The available data on the safety of the feed additive «Humilide» were analyzed and biotested on Paramecium caudatum in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation in the field of control of veterinary preparations and feed additives. A series of Humilide dilutions of 0.1–100 g/l on the culture medium at ciliates were prepared for toxicological studies. Acute toxicity data of the tested concentrations were obtained according to the recommended methods of rapid bioassay. LC 50 values were determined by probit analysis of lethality curves. In solutions of «Humilide» 1.0 and 10 g/l within 1 hour of observation, the death of the protozoa was less than 10 % of the total number. A concentration of 100 g/l causes a decrease their quantity. According to the calculation of the toxicity of «Humilide» by the method of Bliss & Prozorovsky LC 50 for Paramecium caudatum is 104 g / l. Using the graphical method for calculating LC 50 from the obtained regression line, the result was 124 g/l. Thus, «Humilide» at a concentration of less than 1 % is non-toxic to protozoa, NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) is 2 g/l and EC 50 (Half maximal effective concentration) is 104–124 g/l. Therefore, the results on the activity of «Humilide» in relation to the Paramecium caudatum allow to classify it as a non-toxic substance, LC 50 – over 5 000 mg/kg. It is IV class acute toxicity according to SP 8.8.1.2.002-98 (Ukraine) and international criteria – 5 toxicity category. When converted to the content of humic acids in the composition of the sample, this corresponds to 10.4–12.4 g/l.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cellular composition of lymph nodes of parenchyma of lymph nodes of rabbits of meat direction","authors":"P. M. Gavrilin, І. І. Myroshnychenko","doi":"10.32819/2019.74042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bilan, O. Gavrilina, Y. R. Konoviy, E. O. Martynenko, D. Smirnov
Cite this article: Bilan, M. V., Gavrilina, O. G., Konoviy, Y. R., Martynenko, Y. O., & Smirnov, D. O. (2019). Qualitative analysis of dry foods for dogs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 215‒222. doi: 10.32819/2019.74038 Abstract. Foods and feed additives are the source of nutrients and biologically active substances for the animal organism. Nutritioousness of the food depends on its chemical composition – the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins. Dry food for dogs has its advantages and disadvantages, but its sanitary safety needs special attention: the presence of microorganisms and fungi in the foods, in particular molds, which secrete toxic products of vital activity – toxins. They can be in raw materials, get into the food due to contact with the means of production, in connection with transportation, storage, together with the used additives, water, by air. In our work the results of qualitative analysis of dry foods for dogs are presented and some of its indicators are characterized. Samples of dry foods for small breeds of dogs of different classes (economy, premium and super-premium) were investigated. Organoleptic, bacteriological, chemical methods and microstructural analysis were used. It is established that in accordance with microbiological indicators dry foods of all classes were safe for small breeds of dogs. The total number of microbial cells and fungi in all samples of dry foods did not exceed the admissible standards; coagulasepositive staphylococci, bacteria of the group of bacillus coli communis (E. coli bacteria), salmonella were not revealed. However, there was an imbalance in the food of economy class for mineral substances (1.9 times) and super premium class for fat (1.3 times), compared to the composition indicated on the packing. According to the microstructural indicators, the conformity of the composition of the investigated food samples to be declared by the manufacturer with the exception of soy concentrate and carrageenan was determined. In the food samples of premium and super-premium class the cereal vegetable components are dominated (up to 65 % and 52 %, respectively). Soybean processing products in the form of soy concentrate in the food of super-premium class have been revealed. Meat-and-bone meal with structure-forming agent carrageenan was the main component of the investigated samples of food of economy class.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of dry foods for dogs","authors":"M. Bilan, O. Gavrilina, Y. R. Konoviy, E. O. Martynenko, D. Smirnov","doi":"10.32819/2019.74038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74038","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Bilan, M. V., Gavrilina, O. G., Konoviy, Y. R., Martynenko, Y. O., & Smirnov, D. O. (2019). Qualitative analysis of dry foods for dogs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 215‒222. doi: 10.32819/2019.74038 Abstract. Foods and feed additives are the source of nutrients and biologically active substances for the animal organism. Nutritioousness of the food depends on its chemical composition – the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins. Dry food for dogs has its advantages and disadvantages, but its sanitary safety needs special attention: the presence of microorganisms and fungi in the foods, in particular molds, which secrete toxic products of vital activity – toxins. They can be in raw materials, get into the food due to contact with the means of production, in connection with transportation, storage, together with the used additives, water, by air. In our work the results of qualitative analysis of dry foods for dogs are presented and some of its indicators are characterized. Samples of dry foods for small breeds of dogs of different classes (economy, premium and super-premium) were investigated. Organoleptic, bacteriological, chemical methods and microstructural analysis were used. It is established that in accordance with microbiological indicators dry foods of all classes were safe for small breeds of dogs. The total number of microbial cells and fungi in all samples of dry foods did not exceed the admissible standards; coagulasepositive staphylococci, bacteria of the group of bacillus coli communis (E. coli bacteria), salmonella were not revealed. However, there was an imbalance in the food of economy class for mineral substances (1.9 times) and super premium class for fat (1.3 times), compared to the composition indicated on the packing. According to the microstructural indicators, the conformity of the composition of the investigated food samples to be declared by the manufacturer with the exception of soy concentrate and carrageenan was determined. In the food samples of premium and super-premium class the cereal vegetable components are dominated (up to 65 % and 52 %, respectively). Soybean processing products in the form of soy concentrate in the food of super-premium class have been revealed. Meat-and-bone meal with structure-forming agent carrageenan was the main component of the investigated samples of food of economy class.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kozyr, P. Antonenko, R. Mylostyvyi, N. Suslova, P. Skliarov, O. P. Reshetnychenko, T. Pushkar, V. O. Sapronova, O. Pokhyl
V. S. Kozyr*, P. P. Antonenko**, R. V. Mylostyvyi**, N. I. Suslova**, P. M. Skliarov**, O. P. Reshetnychenko***, T. D. Pushkar***, V. O. Sapronova**, O. M. Pokhyl** * Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Dnipro, Ukraine **Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine *** Odessa State Agrarian University, Odessa, Ukraine Received: 26 April 2019 Revised: 05 May 2019 Accepted: 21 July 2019
{"title":"Effect of herbal feed additives on the quality of colostrum, immunological indicators of newborn calves blood and growth energy of young animals","authors":"V. Kozyr, P. Antonenko, R. Mylostyvyi, N. Suslova, P. Skliarov, O. P. Reshetnychenko, T. Pushkar, V. O. Sapronova, O. Pokhyl","doi":"10.32819/2019.71024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71024","url":null,"abstract":"V. S. Kozyr*, P. P. Antonenko**, R. V. Mylostyvyi**, N. I. Suslova**, P. M. Skliarov**, O. P. Reshetnychenko***, T. D. Pushkar***, V. O. Sapronova**, O. M. Pokhyl** * Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Dnipro, Ukraine **Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine *** Odessa State Agrarian University, Odessa, Ukraine Received: 26 April 2019 Revised: 05 May 2019 Accepted: 21 July 2019","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Novitskyi, A. V. Makhonina, V. M. Kochet, O. Khristov, N. Hubanova, A. Horchanok
R. O. Novitskyi*, A. V. Makhonina**, V. M. Kochet***, O. O. Khristov**, N. L. Hubanova*, A. V. Horchanok* * Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine ** Enterprise “Research Centre “Dnipro Inspection of Natural Resources”, Dnipro, Ukraine *** “Dniprovsko Orilskyi” Nature Reserve, Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine Received: 01 April 2019 Revised: 21 April 2019 Accepted: 22 May 2019
r . o . Novitskyi *, a . v . Makhonina * * v . m . Kochet * * * o . o . Khristov * * n . l . Hubanova * a . v . Horchanok * * Dnipro国家农业和经济大学,Dnipro,乌克兰* *企业“研究中心”Dnipro检验的自然资源”,Dnipro,乌克兰* * *“Dniprovsko Orilskyi”自然保护区,Dnipropetrovsk地区,乌克兰收到:2019年4月1日修订:2019年4月21日接受:2019年5月22日
{"title":"Causes of death of silver carp Hipophthalmichthys molitrix in the “Dnipro-Donbas” magistral channel and prevention measures Formation of soil fertility for different fertilizer systems in field crop rotation","authors":"R. Novitskyi, A. V. Makhonina, V. M. Kochet, O. Khristov, N. Hubanova, A. Horchanok","doi":"10.32819/2019.71018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71018","url":null,"abstract":"R. O. Novitskyi*, A. V. Makhonina**, V. M. Kochet***, O. O. Khristov**, N. L. Hubanova*, A. V. Horchanok* * Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine ** Enterprise “Research Centre “Dnipro Inspection of Natural Resources”, Dnipro, Ukraine *** “Dniprovsko Orilskyi” Nature Reserve, Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine Received: 01 April 2019 Revised: 21 April 2019 Accepted: 22 May 2019","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Gavrilin, P. M., & Kolesnyk, A. O. (2019). Lymphatic supply and architectonics of intranodal lymphatic channel of lymph nodes of domestic pig. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 158‒162. doi: 10.32819/2019.71028 Abstract. The peculiarities of lymphatic supply of individual somatic lymph nodes and the architectonics of their intranodal lymphatic channel in the domestic pig are analyzed. The method of indirect interstitial injection of lymphatic vessels with a fine-disperse contrast mass (black mascara suspension in 5 % gelatin gel solution) was used. The dynamics of gradual distribution of contrast mass from the interstice to the afferent lymphatic vessels and lymphatic collectors of the lymph nodes, as well as in the sinuses of the parenchyma of the organs until the appearance of the mass in the efferent lymphatic vessels were investigated by the method of anatomical preparation. Each subunit of the somatic lymph node conglomerate receives lymph from one afferent lymphatic vessel. The afferent lymphatic vessels flow into the intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns, which are the major intranodal lymph node collectors. The number of intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns in lymph nodes of domestic pigs corresponds to the number of subunits that form the corresponding nodule conglomerates. Intra-tubular cisterns are connected with all the sinuses of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes through the numerous lymphatic channels. The intensity of lymph flow from the cavity of the lymphatic cistern to the sinuses of the parenchyma nodes is greater in the direction from the top of the trabecula (cistern) to the central (middle) area of the lymphoid tissue. Contrast mass sequentially fills afferent lymphatic vessels, intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns, central sites of parenchyma of nodes, peripheral sites of the parenchyma of nodes, including marginal and portal sinuses, efferent lymphatic vessels. The efferent lymphatic vessels are localized at the hilus of the subunits of the nodes together with the neurovascular bundles. The afferent vessels are located separately at the opposite pole of the subunits. In general, lymph nodes of the domestic pig are characterized by the usual, rather than the «reverse» type of intranodal lymphodynamics. As peculiarities of the structure of the intranodal lymphatic channel are: localization of the intranodal lymphatic collector in the middle of the highly developed capsular trabeculae, reminiscent of the structure of additional hilus of the nodes, but does not contain neurovascular fascicles; preferably a «centrifugal» type of distribution of the lymph in the sinus parenchyma of the lymph nodes from apex of the cistern, and, accordingly, from the deep layers of the lymphoid parenchyma to the marginal and portal sinuses. The established type of lymphatic supply of the lymph nodes of domestic pig probably provides a more effective immune response in consequence of the rapid and simultaneous entry
引用本文:Gavrilin, p.m.， & Kolesnyk, A. O.(2019)。家猪淋巴结结内淋巴通道的淋巴供应与结构。兽医学理论与应用，7(3)，158-162。doi: 10.32819/2019.71028本文分析了家猪个体体淋巴结淋巴供应的特点及其结内淋巴通道的结构。采用细分散造影剂(5%明胶凝胶溶液中的黑色睫毛膏悬浮液)间接淋巴血管间质注射的方法。用解剖制备方法研究了对比肿块从间隙到传入淋巴管和淋巴结的淋巴收集器，以及器官实质的鼻窦，直到肿块在传出淋巴管中出现的逐渐分布的动力学。躯体淋巴结丛的每个亚单位接受来自一个传入淋巴管的淋巴。传入淋巴管流入小梁内淋巴池，小梁内淋巴池是结内淋巴结的主要收集器。家猪淋巴结小梁内淋巴池的数量与形成相应结节聚集体的亚基数量相对应。管内池通过众多的淋巴通道与淋巴结实质的所有窦相连。从小梁顶部(池)到淋巴组织中央(中)的方向，从淋巴池腔到实质淋巴结窦的淋巴流强度更大。造影剂依次填充传入淋巴管、小梁内淋巴池、淋巴结实质中心部位、淋巴结实质周围部位(包括边缘和门窦)、传出淋巴管。传出淋巴管与神经维管束一起位于淋巴结亚基的门部。传入血管分别位于亚基的相对极。一般来说，家猪淋巴结的特征是正常的，而不是“反向”型结内淋巴动力学。结内淋巴通道结构的特点是:结内淋巴收集器位于高度发达的囊状小梁的中间，与淋巴结的附加门的结构相似，但不包含神经血管束;最好是淋巴结窦实质的“离心”型分布，从池的顶端开始，相应地，从淋巴样实质的深层到边缘和门窦。家猪淋巴结的既定淋巴供应类型可能提供了更有效的免疫反应，因为抗原可以快速和同时进入器官淋巴组织的不同表层和深层。
{"title":"Lymphatic supply and architectonics of intranodal lymphatic channel of lymph nodes of domestic pig","authors":"P. M. Gavrilin, A. Kolesnyk","doi":"10.32819/2019.71028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71028","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Gavrilin, P. M., & Kolesnyk, A. O. (2019). Lymphatic supply and architectonics of intranodal lymphatic channel of lymph nodes of domestic pig. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 158‒162. doi: 10.32819/2019.71028 Abstract. The peculiarities of lymphatic supply of individual somatic lymph nodes and the architectonics of their intranodal lymphatic channel in the domestic pig are analyzed. The method of indirect interstitial injection of lymphatic vessels with a fine-disperse contrast mass (black mascara suspension in 5 % gelatin gel solution) was used. The dynamics of gradual distribution of contrast mass from the interstice to the afferent lymphatic vessels and lymphatic collectors of the lymph nodes, as well as in the sinuses of the parenchyma of the organs until the appearance of the mass in the efferent lymphatic vessels were investigated by the method of anatomical preparation. Each subunit of the somatic lymph node conglomerate receives lymph from one afferent lymphatic vessel. The afferent lymphatic vessels flow into the intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns, which are the major intranodal lymph node collectors. The number of intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns in lymph nodes of domestic pigs corresponds to the number of subunits that form the corresponding nodule conglomerates. Intra-tubular cisterns are connected with all the sinuses of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes through the numerous lymphatic channels. The intensity of lymph flow from the cavity of the lymphatic cistern to the sinuses of the parenchyma nodes is greater in the direction from the top of the trabecula (cistern) to the central (middle) area of the lymphoid tissue. Contrast mass sequentially fills afferent lymphatic vessels, intra-trabecular lymphatic cisterns, central sites of parenchyma of nodes, peripheral sites of the parenchyma of nodes, including marginal and portal sinuses, efferent lymphatic vessels. The efferent lymphatic vessels are localized at the hilus of the subunits of the nodes together with the neurovascular bundles. The afferent vessels are located separately at the opposite pole of the subunits. In general, lymph nodes of the domestic pig are characterized by the usual, rather than the «reverse» type of intranodal lymphodynamics. As peculiarities of the structure of the intranodal lymphatic channel are: localization of the intranodal lymphatic collector in the middle of the highly developed capsular trabeculae, reminiscent of the structure of additional hilus of the nodes, but does not contain neurovascular fascicles; preferably a «centrifugal» type of distribution of the lymph in the sinus parenchyma of the lymph nodes from apex of the cistern, and, accordingly, from the deep layers of the lymphoid parenchyma to the marginal and portal sinuses. The established type of lymphatic supply of the lymph nodes of domestic pig probably provides a more effective immune response in consequence of the rapid and simultaneous entry","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The features of the clinical course and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes of complex therapy with spinal injuries in dogs were determined. The algorithm of complex treatment includes the introduction of glucocorticosteroid and analgesic drugs, vitamin aids with a pronounced antioxidant effect and osmotic diuretics. In cases of secondary complications or the development of ascending syndrome, it is advisable to use beta-lactam antibiotics with the following instillations of glucocorticosteroid drugs in order to block the spinal muscles and intervertebral space in the affected area and operative access. This helps to reduce the accumulation and formation of acid metabolites and carbon dioxide in the injured areas. For spinal cord and spinal cord injuries, the introduction of «Mannitol» osmolar diuretic is recommended to reduce soft tissue edema and prevent the formation of peroxide lipids. It is noted that the development of ascending myelomalacia causes a pronounced neurological deficiency with signs of paresis and limb paralysis, a significant decrease in muscle tone, and often a loss of surface sensitivity. Depending on the etiological factor that causes myelomalacia, a prognosis is anticipated that often has an unfavorable outcome. Conscientious implementation of the recommendations for the treatment of pathological process increases the probability of restoring the function of the axial skeleton. The main diagnostic methods are reduced to the performance of contrast myelography and digital x-ray examination in two projections. For a clear visualization of soft tissues it is necessary to conduct MRI diagnostics with the definition of spinal diseases and the degree of damage to the spinal cord. It has been established that the early performance of MRI diagnostics makes it possible to detect organic damage to the spinal cord and to conduct timely decompression using the hemilaminectomy method.
{"title":"Methods of diagnosis and treatment of ascending syndrome in dogs","authors":"R. V. Biloshytskyy","doi":"10.32819/2018.63006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2018.63006","url":null,"abstract":". The features of the clinical course and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes of complex therapy with spinal injuries in dogs were determined. The algorithm of complex treatment includes the introduction of glucocorticosteroid and analgesic drugs, vitamin aids with a pronounced antioxidant effect and osmotic diuretics. In cases of secondary complications or the development of ascending syndrome, it is advisable to use beta-lactam antibiotics with the following instillations of glucocorticosteroid drugs in order to block the spinal muscles and intervertebral space in the affected area and operative access. This helps to reduce the accumulation and formation of acid metabolites and carbon dioxide in the injured areas. For spinal cord and spinal cord injuries, the introduction of «Mannitol» osmolar diuretic is recommended to reduce soft tissue edema and prevent the formation of peroxide lipids. It is noted that the development of ascending myelomalacia causes a pronounced neurological deficiency with signs of paresis and limb paralysis, a significant decrease in muscle tone, and often a loss of surface sensitivity. Depending on the etiological factor that causes myelomalacia, a prognosis is anticipated that often has an unfavorable outcome. Conscientious implementation of the recommendations for the treatment of pathological process increases the probability of restoring the function of the axial skeleton. The main diagnostic methods are reduced to the performance of contrast myelography and digital x-ray examination in two projections. For a clear visualization of soft tissues it is necessary to conduct MRI diagnostics with the definition of spinal diseases and the degree of damage to the spinal cord. It has been established that the early performance of MRI diagnostics makes it possible to detect organic damage to the spinal cord and to conduct timely decompression using the hemilaminectomy method.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45231805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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