Cite this article: Borovik, I. V., & Zazharska, N. M. (2019). Particularities of laboratory diagnostics of Listeria spp. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 236‒244. doi: 10.32819/2019.74041 Abstract. The laboratory diagnosis of Listeria spp is imperfect, and the detection of Listeria spp pathogen from the products is complicated by the presence of other microflora. Detection of Listeria spp under laboratory conditions has been improved. The causative agent Listeria spp was isolated from food (meat and meat products, sour milk and hard cheese, fish), washes from environmental objects, pathological material (poultry corpses). The morphological properties of different reference strains of Listeria spp (L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, L. innocua, L. murray) were compared. It is noted that all species have a rod-shaped and coccygeal form of microorganism. In smears it is quite rare to find a pathogen in the form of a «V» shape. Nutrient selective media from different manufacturers (Graso Biotech, Merck, Biolife Italiana, BioMerieux, HiMedia, Lab M, Difco) were used to study the growth properties and identification of the pathogen. The best results are obtained with medium from Graso Biotech and Merck. The method of primary and secondary accumulation was improved to guarantee the increase in the concentration of the Listeria pathogen: increasing the weight of the sample and reducing the volume of the solvent, reducing the amount of Freser broth and increasing the volume of the original suspension. Improvements in the scheme of CAMP-test prevent the merger of the hemolysis zone of the studied cultures. It is recommended to combine СAMP-test with a hemolytic test (puncture method), which allows to observe mirror hemolysis. The reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Rhodococcus equi are classically used for the CAMP-test, but Listeria exhibits hemolytic properties with other types of microorganisms. According to our practical experience also β-hemolytic cultures: Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae or Clostridium perfringens. Cultures that do not have hemolytic properties – Escherichia сolі, Enterococcus faecalis. The determination of hemolytic properties of Listeria is offered by strains of microorganisms – Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia сolі. For the identification of the pathogen, the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent fluorescence analysis on an automatic Vidas analyzer was used. This method shortens the study period to one day in case of a negative result as opposed to the classical one (5 days). We suggest using the Vidas Listeria Duo test system to identify L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. Using the Listeria10300 API test system allows one to determine the biochemical properties of the pathogen in one day. According to the results of bioassay in mice pathogenic properties have both L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii.
引用本文:Borovik, i.v.， & Zazharska, n.m.(2019)。李斯特菌实验室诊断的特殊性[j] .兽医学理论与应用，7(4)，236-244。doi: 10.32819/2019.74041李斯特菌的实验室诊断尚不完善，产品中李斯特菌病原体的检测因其他菌群的存在而复杂化。李斯特菌在实验室条件下的检测得到了改进。致病菌李斯特菌从食品(肉类及肉制品、酸奶和硬奶酪、鱼类)、环境洗涤物、病理材料(家禽尸体)中分离得到。不同参考菌株的形态学特性的李斯特菌spp (l . monocytogenes l . ivanovii l . seeligeri l . grayi l . welshimeri l . innocua l . murray)进行了比较。值得注意的是，所有物种都具有杆状和尾蚴形式的微生物。在涂片中，很少发现呈“V”形的病原体。采用不同厂家(Graso Biotech、Merck、Biolife Italiana、BioMerieux、HiMedia、Lab M、Difco)的营养选择培养基研究病原菌的生长特性和鉴定。用Graso Biotech和Merck的培养基获得最佳效果。为了保证病原菌浓度的提高，改进了一次积累和二次积累的方法:增加样品的重量，减少溶剂的体积，减少Freser肉汤的量，增加原悬浮液的体积。camp试验方案的改进防止了所研究培养物溶血带的合并。建议将СAMP-test与溶血试验(穿刺法)结合使用，可以观察镜像溶血。金黄色葡萄球菌和等同红球菌的参考菌株通常用于camp测试，但李斯特菌与其他类型的微生物表现出溶血特性。根据我们的实践经验，还有β-溶血培养物:枯草芽孢杆菌、化脓性链球菌、无乳链球菌或产气荚膜梭菌。不具有溶血特性的培养物-大肠杆菌，粪肠球菌。采用枯草芽孢杆菌和埃希氏菌对李斯特菌的溶血特性进行了测定。病原鉴定采用酶联免疫吸附荧光法在全自动Vidas分析仪上进行分析。与传统方法(5天)相比，如果结果为阴性，这种方法将研究时间缩短到一天。我们建议使用Vidas李斯特菌Duo检测系统来鉴定单核增生李斯特菌和李斯特菌，使用Listeria10300 API检测系统可以在一天内确定病原体的生化特性。根据对小鼠的生物测定结果，致病性具有单增李斯特菌和伊万诺维奇李斯特菌两种。
{"title":"Particularities of laboratory diagnostics of Listeria spp","authors":"I. Borovik, N. Zazharska","doi":"10.32819/2019.74041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74041","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Borovik, I. V., & Zazharska, N. M. (2019). Particularities of laboratory diagnostics of Listeria spp. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 236‒244. doi: 10.32819/2019.74041 Abstract. The laboratory diagnosis of Listeria spp is imperfect, and the detection of Listeria spp pathogen from the products is complicated by the presence of other microflora. Detection of Listeria spp under laboratory conditions has been improved. The causative agent Listeria spp was isolated from food (meat and meat products, sour milk and hard cheese, fish), washes from environmental objects, pathological material (poultry corpses). The morphological properties of different reference strains of Listeria spp (L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, L. innocua, L. murray) were compared. It is noted that all species have a rod-shaped and coccygeal form of microorganism. In smears it is quite rare to find a pathogen in the form of a «V» shape. Nutrient selective media from different manufacturers (Graso Biotech, Merck, Biolife Italiana, BioMerieux, HiMedia, Lab M, Difco) were used to study the growth properties and identification of the pathogen. The best results are obtained with medium from Graso Biotech and Merck. The method of primary and secondary accumulation was improved to guarantee the increase in the concentration of the Listeria pathogen: increasing the weight of the sample and reducing the volume of the solvent, reducing the amount of Freser broth and increasing the volume of the original suspension. Improvements in the scheme of CAMP-test prevent the merger of the hemolysis zone of the studied cultures. It is recommended to combine СAMP-test with a hemolytic test (puncture method), which allows to observe mirror hemolysis. The reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Rhodococcus equi are classically used for the CAMP-test, but Listeria exhibits hemolytic properties with other types of microorganisms. According to our practical experience also β-hemolytic cultures: Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae or Clostridium perfringens. Cultures that do not have hemolytic properties – Escherichia сolі, Enterococcus faecalis. The determination of hemolytic properties of Listeria is offered by strains of microorganisms – Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia сolі. For the identification of the pathogen, the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent fluorescence analysis on an automatic Vidas analyzer was used. This method shortens the study period to one day in case of a negative result as opposed to the classical one (5 days). We suggest using the Vidas Listeria Duo test system to identify L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. Using the Listeria10300 API test system allows one to determine the biochemical properties of the pathogen in one day. According to the results of bioassay in mice pathogenic properties have both L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Fares, M. A., Rahmoun, D.E., & Lieshchova, M. A. (2019). Anatomy of lymph nodes deep cortex in laboratory spices. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 251‒256. doi: 10.32819/2019.74043 Abstract. The lymph nodes are organized lymphoid organs in which lymphocytes are located inside reticular stroma. The lymphoid parenchyma of lymph nodes is divided into separated cell zones, the most developed one is parenchyma in which the deep cortex located. The lymph nodes of small mammals, which are often used for laboratory research, The investigated lymph nodes in this research were Somatic (superficial cervical and axillary) and visceral (hepatic and mediastinal) lymph nodes were selected from mice (n = 5), guinea pigs (n = 5), hamsters (n = 3) and rabbits (n = 5). We used classical histological methods (determination of general histological structure of organs), morphometric (determination of the relative area of individual structural and functional zones), immunohistochemical (determination of location of individual cell populations). It was shown that the deep cortex of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes composed by separate structures «deep cortex units», and some of them are combined into complexes. Each unit is represented by a semicircular structure formed by lymphocytes and reticular fibers. The size of units is approximately the same in all studied animals and does not depend on the size of their bodies. The most developed units of the deep cortex were found in the superficial cervical ganglion, and the largest – in rabbits, where their size reached 3 mm. In all studied animals, units of the deep cortex are located at the same level, along the subcapsular sinus. The most developed component tissue of the studied lymph nodes is the lymphoid parenchyma, in laboratory mice it occupies a significantly larger area than in other animal species. The least developed were the central sections of units in the deep coating crust.
{"title":"Anatomy of lymph nodes deep cortex in laboratory spices","authors":"M. Fares, D. Rahmoun, M. Lieshchova","doi":"10.32819/2019.74043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74043","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Fares, M. A., Rahmoun, D.E., & Lieshchova, M. A. (2019). Anatomy of lymph nodes deep cortex in laboratory spices. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 251‒256. doi: 10.32819/2019.74043 Abstract. The lymph nodes are organized lymphoid organs in which lymphocytes are located inside reticular stroma. The lymphoid parenchyma of lymph nodes is divided into separated cell zones, the most developed one is parenchyma in which the deep cortex located. The lymph nodes of small mammals, which are often used for laboratory research, The investigated lymph nodes in this research were Somatic (superficial cervical and axillary) and visceral (hepatic and mediastinal) lymph nodes were selected from mice (n = 5), guinea pigs (n = 5), hamsters (n = 3) and rabbits (n = 5). We used classical histological methods (determination of general histological structure of organs), morphometric (determination of the relative area of individual structural and functional zones), immunohistochemical (determination of location of individual cell populations). It was shown that the deep cortex of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes composed by separate structures «deep cortex units», and some of them are combined into complexes. Each unit is represented by a semicircular structure formed by lymphocytes and reticular fibers. The size of units is approximately the same in all studied animals and does not depend on the size of their bodies. The most developed units of the deep cortex were found in the superficial cervical ganglion, and the largest – in rabbits, where their size reached 3 mm. In all studied animals, units of the deep cortex are located at the same level, along the subcapsular sinus. The most developed component tissue of the studied lymph nodes is the lymphoid parenchyma, in laboratory mice it occupies a significantly larger area than in other animal species. The least developed were the central sections of units in the deep coating crust.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Varcholyak, I.S., & Gutyi, B.V. (2019). Determination of the chronic toxicity of preparation “Bendamin” on laboratory animals. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 63‒68. doi: 10.32819/2019.71011 Abstract. In the process of creating and introducing each new preparation one of the stages is its toxicological studies with the clarification of the parameters of acute and chronic toxicity in white rats in the long term of its intragastric introduction. The aim of the work was to determine the parameters of the chronic toxicity of the cardiological preparation “Bendamin” on laboratory animals in a laboratory experiment. The studies were carried out on white, sexually-mature, young male rats of the Vistar line of 2–3 months old, weighing 170–185 g, which were kept on a standard ration of the Institute Vivarium of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. Four experimental groups of white rats were formed. The first experimental group served as a control. Other experimental groups were prescribed “Bendamin”, respectively, in therapeutic, 5-fold and 10-fold doses. The preparation in the above doses was given at a specific time, daily, during 30 days, peroral, fasting, using a probe for laboratory animals. During the research period to determine the chronic toxicity of “Bendamin”, no probable changes in the behavior of the experimental animals were observed. It should be noted the slight inhibition of the organism state of the being studied group of rats receiving a 10-fold dose of the preparation. In the investigated group of rats, which was injected the preparation in the 10-fold dose, inhibition of protein synthesis and detoxification function of the liver was established. There is also a violation of the functional state of the liver, which indicates an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood. In the study of the relative weight coefficients of the mass of the internal organs, it was found that the introduction of the “Bendamin” preparation in the 10-fold dose led to a significant change in the relative weight of the liver and the spleen. The “Bendamin” preparation in the therapeutic and 5-fold doses contributed to a slight increase in the weighting coefficient. Lung weight loss occurred at introduction of the preparation in the 5and 10-fold doses. According to State Standard 12.1.007-76, “Bendamin”, for intragastric introduction, according to the degree of hazard belongs to the fourth-class toxicity – low toxicity substances (DL50 more than 50,000 mg/kg body weight).
{"title":"Determination of the chronic toxicity of preparation “Bendamin” on laboratory animals","authors":"I. S. Varcholyak, B. Gutyi","doi":"10.32819/2019.71011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71011","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Varcholyak, I.S., & Gutyi, B.V. (2019). Determination of the chronic toxicity of preparation “Bendamin” on laboratory animals. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 63‒68. doi: 10.32819/2019.71011 Abstract. In the process of creating and introducing each new preparation one of the stages is its toxicological studies with the clarification of the parameters of acute and chronic toxicity in white rats in the long term of its intragastric introduction. The aim of the work was to determine the parameters of the chronic toxicity of the cardiological preparation “Bendamin” on laboratory animals in a laboratory experiment. The studies were carried out on white, sexually-mature, young male rats of the Vistar line of 2–3 months old, weighing 170–185 g, which were kept on a standard ration of the Institute Vivarium of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. Four experimental groups of white rats were formed. The first experimental group served as a control. Other experimental groups were prescribed “Bendamin”, respectively, in therapeutic, 5-fold and 10-fold doses. The preparation in the above doses was given at a specific time, daily, during 30 days, peroral, fasting, using a probe for laboratory animals. During the research period to determine the chronic toxicity of “Bendamin”, no probable changes in the behavior of the experimental animals were observed. It should be noted the slight inhibition of the organism state of the being studied group of rats receiving a 10-fold dose of the preparation. In the investigated group of rats, which was injected the preparation in the 10-fold dose, inhibition of protein synthesis and detoxification function of the liver was established. There is also a violation of the functional state of the liver, which indicates an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood. In the study of the relative weight coefficients of the mass of the internal organs, it was found that the introduction of the “Bendamin” preparation in the 10-fold dose led to a significant change in the relative weight of the liver and the spleen. The “Bendamin” preparation in the therapeutic and 5-fold doses contributed to a slight increase in the weighting coefficient. Lung weight loss occurred at introduction of the preparation in the 5and 10-fold doses. According to State Standard 12.1.007-76, “Bendamin”, for intragastric introduction, according to the degree of hazard belongs to the fourth-class toxicity – low toxicity substances (DL50 more than 50,000 mg/kg body weight).","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The article presents the results of research on the influence of the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in rats under condition of tetrachloromethane poisoning. In our work, we used the classic model of damage to hepatocyte subcellular membranes and the development of oxidative stress based on the use of tetrachloromethane. The research was carried out on white, sexually-mature, young male rats of the Wistar line, with a body weight of 180–200 g, which was kept on a standard ration of the Institute Vivarium of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. The animals were divided into three groups of 20 animals in each: 1st group (C) intact animals; Group 2 (R1) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane; Group 3 (R2) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane and who received the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus”. Experimental intoxication of animals was carried out by two-time (after 48 h) of intragastric introduction of tetrachloromethane in a dose of 0.1 ml per 100 g of body weight of the rat in the form of 50% of the oil solution. In the being studied group R2 for experimental toxicosis, during 30 days fed a feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” in a dose of 0.1 g per 100 g of body weight with food. The feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” in its composition contains the fruits of blessed milk thistle ( S. marianum ), selenium, methionine and vitamins A, E and D 3 . It was established that under conditions of intoxication with tetrachloromethane the physiological level of hematological indices of the organism of the being studied animals is violated. This is indicated by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, hemoglobin concentration in erythrocyte, increase in the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin in erythrocyte. At intoxicated animals also remained high indicative levels of creatinine, urea and bilirubin overall. On the basis of the conducted research, the positive influence of the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” on the organism of rats that were intoxicated with tetrachloromethane was shown, which is manifested by the normalization of hematological parameters and functional state of the liver.
{"title":"Influence of feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” on the indicators of rats blood under the conditions of their poisoning with Tetrachloromethane","authors":"T. Martyshchuk, B. Gutyj","doi":"10.32819/2019.71014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71014","url":null,"abstract":". The article presents the results of research on the influence of the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in rats under condition of tetrachloromethane poisoning. In our work, we used the classic model of damage to hepatocyte subcellular membranes and the development of oxidative stress based on the use of tetrachloromethane. The research was carried out on white, sexually-mature, young male rats of the Wistar line, with a body weight of 180–200 g, which was kept on a standard ration of the Institute Vivarium of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. The animals were divided into three groups of 20 animals in each: 1st group (C) intact animals; Group 2 (R1) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane; Group 3 (R2) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane and who received the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus”. Experimental intoxication of animals was carried out by two-time (after 48 h) of intragastric introduction of tetrachloromethane in a dose of 0.1 ml per 100 g of body weight of the rat in the form of 50% of the oil solution. In the being studied group R2 for experimental toxicosis, during 30 days fed a feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” in a dose of 0.1 g per 100 g of body weight with food. The feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” in its composition contains the fruits of blessed milk thistle ( S. marianum ), selenium, methionine and vitamins A, E and D 3 . It was established that under conditions of intoxication with tetrachloromethane the physiological level of hematological indices of the organism of the being studied animals is violated. This is indicated by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, hemoglobin concentration in erythrocyte, increase in the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin in erythrocyte. At intoxicated animals also remained high indicative levels of creatinine, urea and bilirubin overall. On the basis of the conducted research, the positive influence of the feed additive “Butaselmevit Plus” on the organism of rats that were intoxicated with tetrachloromethane was shown, which is manifested by the normalization of hematological parameters and functional state of the liver.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Sapko, S. A. (2019). Efficiency of use of feed additives of plant origin «Phytovit» for the dogs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 229‒235. doi: 10.32819/2019.74040 Abstract. The application of the feed additives for nutrition correction, as well as the prophylaxis of any problems with health of the animals, is becoming more actual among veterinary professionals and owners of the animals. The effectiveness of the application of the feed additives «Phytovit» was established by analysis of the clinical state of the animals, clinical and biochemical indices of the dog blood. The animals were active throughout the observation period (4 weeks), they responded well to sound and light irritants; respiratory disorders, disorders in urination and defecation were not observed. In the dogs, beginning with the second week of the experiment, was found an improvement in appetite, general condition of skin and woolen cover (disappearance of dandruff – after a week of application, appearance of gloss and de-crease of wool loss) relative to control. It was determined, that on the 14 th day of the experiment in the blood of the dogs of all experimental groups, the content of total hemoglobin increased an average by 8.5 % relative to the control level of the index. It was found, that the content of total protein, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus increased more markedly since 14 day of the experiment. It was established, that the level of serum enzymatic activity of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of blood of the animals in all experimental groups during the experiment gradually in-creased relative to the control, on the average in 1.2 (I); 1.3 (II); 1.3 (III); 1.4 (IV) and 1.4 (V) times (P ≤ 0.05). It is established, that feed additives in the recommended dos-es are not only harmless but also effective, because in accordance with the results of clinical and biochemical investigations of the blood of the dogs have been registered improvements in the assimilation of nutrients of feed, in particular – protein, macro-nutrients, fatsoluble vitamins, indicating their reduction of metabolic reactions in their organism.
{"title":"Efficiency of use of feed additives of plant origin «Phytovit» for the dogs","authors":"S. Sapko","doi":"10.32819/2019.74040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74040","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Sapko, S. A. (2019). Efficiency of use of feed additives of plant origin «Phytovit» for the dogs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 229‒235. doi: 10.32819/2019.74040 Abstract. The application of the feed additives for nutrition correction, as well as the prophylaxis of any problems with health of the animals, is becoming more actual among veterinary professionals and owners of the animals. The effectiveness of the application of the feed additives «Phytovit» was established by analysis of the clinical state of the animals, clinical and biochemical indices of the dog blood. The animals were active throughout the observation period (4 weeks), they responded well to sound and light irritants; respiratory disorders, disorders in urination and defecation were not observed. In the dogs, beginning with the second week of the experiment, was found an improvement in appetite, general condition of skin and woolen cover (disappearance of dandruff – after a week of application, appearance of gloss and de-crease of wool loss) relative to control. It was determined, that on the 14 th day of the experiment in the blood of the dogs of all experimental groups, the content of total hemoglobin increased an average by 8.5 % relative to the control level of the index. It was found, that the content of total protein, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus increased more markedly since 14 day of the experiment. It was established, that the level of serum enzymatic activity of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of blood of the animals in all experimental groups during the experiment gradually in-creased relative to the control, on the average in 1.2 (I); 1.3 (II); 1.3 (III); 1.4 (IV) and 1.4 (V) times (P ≤ 0.05). It is established, that feed additives in the recommended dos-es are not only harmless but also effective, because in accordance with the results of clinical and biochemical investigations of the blood of the dogs have been registered improvements in the assimilation of nutrients of feed, in particular – protein, macro-nutrients, fatsoluble vitamins, indicating their reduction of metabolic reactions in their organism.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Khramkova, О. М. (2019). Reproductive performance of sows depending on different combinations of breeds and types. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 115‒119. doi: 10.32819/2019.71021 Abstract. From the standpoint of scientific achievements, it has been established that not a single animal husbandry industry in the world, with the exception of poultry farming, possesses such effective potential and develops as dynamically as pig breeding. Reproductive performance of sows is one of the main factors that characterizes the efficiency of pig breeding and its profitability. Practice shows that the selection of sows for reproductive qualities works, but it is necessary to approach in a comprehensive way. The efficiency of raising the reproductive qualities of the pigs is due to the combined ability of the original parent forms that is their compatibility with different variants of cross-breeding. The aim of the study was to analyze the reproductive qualities of sows to determine the best maternal form. The reproductive indices of sows of different foreign and domestic combinations of breeds and types are compared. Six groups of animals were formed on an analogue group basis which were evaluated using performance indicators. The final evaluation was carried out using the estimation and selection indices of sow reproductive performance. Crossbred sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds (Yi × Li) of Irish selection showed significantly better performance indicators (P ˂ 0.001) than other breeds. They excelled as sows with the largest litter size at birth (13.73 piglets), including live litter size (13.07 piglets), litter size at weaning (11.87 piglets) and litter weight at weaning (89.74 kg). The piglets of experience groups had lower indexes of living mass both at birth and at weaning, in relation to control, that confirms the display of biological antagonism of dependence of living mass of piglets from their amount in a nest. It was established, that the influence of maternal genotype was significant (P ˂ 0.01) and was higher compared with the boar genotype factor in the reproductive performance of sows and their complex indices. It is advisable to use sows (Yi × Li) as a productive maternal form in order to obtain commercial hybrids.
{"title":"Reproductive performance of sows depending on different combinations of breeds and types","authors":"О. М. Khramkova","doi":"10.32819/2019.71021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71021","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Khramkova, О. М. (2019). Reproductive performance of sows depending on different combinations of breeds and types. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 115‒119. doi: 10.32819/2019.71021 Abstract. From the standpoint of scientific achievements, it has been established that not a single animal husbandry industry in the world, with the exception of poultry farming, possesses such effective potential and develops as dynamically as pig breeding. Reproductive performance of sows is one of the main factors that characterizes the efficiency of pig breeding and its profitability. Practice shows that the selection of sows for reproductive qualities works, but it is necessary to approach in a comprehensive way. The efficiency of raising the reproductive qualities of the pigs is due to the combined ability of the original parent forms that is their compatibility with different variants of cross-breeding. The aim of the study was to analyze the reproductive qualities of sows to determine the best maternal form. The reproductive indices of sows of different foreign and domestic combinations of breeds and types are compared. Six groups of animals were formed on an analogue group basis which were evaluated using performance indicators. The final evaluation was carried out using the estimation and selection indices of sow reproductive performance. Crossbred sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds (Yi × Li) of Irish selection showed significantly better performance indicators (P ˂ 0.001) than other breeds. They excelled as sows with the largest litter size at birth (13.73 piglets), including live litter size (13.07 piglets), litter size at weaning (11.87 piglets) and litter weight at weaning (89.74 kg). The piglets of experience groups had lower indexes of living mass both at birth and at weaning, in relation to control, that confirms the display of biological antagonism of dependence of living mass of piglets from their amount in a nest. It was established, that the influence of maternal genotype was significant (P ˂ 0.01) and was higher compared with the boar genotype factor in the reproductive performance of sows and their complex indices. It is advisable to use sows (Yi × Li) as a productive maternal form in order to obtain commercial hybrids.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Zhyzhka, S. V., Povod, M. H., & Mylostyvyi, R. V. (2019). Influence of various ventilation type on microclimate parameters, productivity of lactating sows, and growth of suckling piglets in spring and autumn seasons. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 90‒96. doi: 10.32819/2019.71016 Abstract. Technological group of lactating sows with suckling piglets, are very sensitive to any climate change. They are basis for the next development and implementation of their genetic potential, therefore one of the most important issues of housing is the right choice of the microclimate creation system. One of the main tasks in this case is also the reduction of energy costs to provide proper parameters, both for animals and for their service staff. The effect of microclimate parameters created by means of traditional and geothermal ventilation systems on the performance of lactating sows and the growth of suckling piglets in the spring and autumn seasons are understood by us. The analysis of sows’ performance was carried out according to the following parameters: number and weight of nest of newborn piglets, multiple birth, large-foetus fertility, number of piglets at weaning, survival rate, individual live weight and weight of the nest at this time. The analysis of the intensity of growth of piglets was studied by absolute, daily average and relative live weight gain. For a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of the breeding stock, which was held under different conditions of microclimate creation, the estimated index of the design of M. D. Berezovsky (1986) was used. According to the results of the experiment, both ventilation systems provided optimal indicators of air humidity, speed of its movement and maintained gas composition in the premises within the recommended limits. The geothermal room ventilation system allows you to create more comfortable temperature conditions for both piglets and sows, compared with the traditional ventilation system. The best microclimate conditions created by the geothermal ventilation system in the pigsty for carrying out farrowing contributed to improving the survival rate of piglets before the weaning period, the intensity of their growth, and the increase in live weight gain and nest mass at weaning both in autumn and spring. The research in this direction is planned to continue for other technological groups of pigs, and their results will be used in the design and reconstruction of pig farms.
引用本文:Zhyzhka, s.v, Povod, m.h， & Mylostyvyi, r.v.(2019)。不同通风方式对春季和秋季哺乳母猪小气候参数、生产能力和哺乳仔猪生长的影响兽医学理论与应用，7(2)，90-96。doi: 10.32819/2019.71016科技组的哺乳母猪对任何气候变化都非常敏感。它们是下一步开发和实施其遗传潜力的基础，因此住房最重要的问题之一是正确选择微气候创造系统。在这种情况下，主要任务之一是降低能源成本，为动物和它们的服务人员提供适当的参数。我们了解了传统通风系统和地热通风系统产生的小气候参数对春季和秋季泌乳母猪生产性能和哺乳仔猪生长的影响。根据新生仔猪窝数和窝重、多胎、大胎率、断奶仔猪数、成活率、个体活重和此时窝重等参数对母猪的生产性能进行分析。采用绝对、日平均和相对活重分析仔猪生长强度。为了综合评估在不同小气候创造条件下进行的种畜繁殖品质，使用了M. D. Berezovsky(1986)设计的估计指数。根据实验结果，两种通风系统都提供了最佳的空气湿度指标，其运动速度，并将房屋内的气体成分保持在建议的范围内。与传统的通风系统相比，地热房间通风系统可以为仔猪和母猪创造更舒适的温度条件。利用地热通风系统在猪舍内创造适宜的产仔小气候条件，有利于提高仔猪断奶前成活率和生长强度，提高秋季和春季断奶时的活重和窝质量。该方向的研究计划在其他技术组猪中继续进行，其结果将用于猪场的设计和改造。
{"title":"Influence of various ventilation type on microclimate parameters, productivity of lactating sows, and growth of suckling piglets in spring and autumn seasons","authors":"S. Zhyzhka, M. Povod, R. Mylostyvyi","doi":"10.32819/2019.71016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71016","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Zhyzhka, S. V., Povod, M. H., & Mylostyvyi, R. V. (2019). Influence of various ventilation type on microclimate parameters, productivity of lactating sows, and growth of suckling piglets in spring and autumn seasons. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 90‒96. doi: 10.32819/2019.71016 Abstract. Technological group of lactating sows with suckling piglets, are very sensitive to any climate change. They are basis for the next development and implementation of their genetic potential, therefore one of the most important issues of housing is the right choice of the microclimate creation system. One of the main tasks in this case is also the reduction of energy costs to provide proper parameters, both for animals and for their service staff. The effect of microclimate parameters created by means of traditional and geothermal ventilation systems on the performance of lactating sows and the growth of suckling piglets in the spring and autumn seasons are understood by us. The analysis of sows’ performance was carried out according to the following parameters: number and weight of nest of newborn piglets, multiple birth, large-foetus fertility, number of piglets at weaning, survival rate, individual live weight and weight of the nest at this time. The analysis of the intensity of growth of piglets was studied by absolute, daily average and relative live weight gain. For a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of the breeding stock, which was held under different conditions of microclimate creation, the estimated index of the design of M. D. Berezovsky (1986) was used. According to the results of the experiment, both ventilation systems provided optimal indicators of air humidity, speed of its movement and maintained gas composition in the premises within the recommended limits. The geothermal room ventilation system allows you to create more comfortable temperature conditions for both piglets and sows, compared with the traditional ventilation system. The best microclimate conditions created by the geothermal ventilation system in the pigsty for carrying out farrowing contributed to improving the survival rate of piglets before the weaning period, the intensity of their growth, and the increase in live weight gain and nest mass at weaning both in autumn and spring. The research in this direction is planned to continue for other technological groups of pigs, and their results will be used in the design and reconstruction of pig farms.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Researches of fluctuating asymmetry of the bilateral features of fish were conducted in 2018 on the natural reservoirs (the Samara River within Novomoskovsk and Pavlograd districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve). Insignificant deviations from the bilateral symmetry of external features in living organisms may indicate a decrease in the vitality of certain populations. Using of mass, widespread fish species as the test objects is the best way to detect the levels of fluctuating asymmetry. The fluctuating asymmetry of four bilateral features was estimated within 146 units of the common sunfish Lepomis gibbosus , the stone moroco of Pseudorasbora parva and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus in different habitat conditions, the stability of their life circle was evaluated. The number of rays in the interbranchial septum, the number of branching rays in the pectoral and abdominal fins, the number of scales in the lateral line were analysed. The variability of these features on the left and right sides of the fish was evaluated. The lowering of the natural fish populations vitality because of the influence of negative anthropogenic pressure is currently minor. The stability of fish development by the analysis of bilateral features is noted within normal limits of 1 point ( Neogobius melanostomu s from the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve, Lepomis gibbosus and Pseudorasbora parva from the middle section of the Samara River) or deviates insignificantly from the statutory indicator in 2 points ( Lepomis gibbosus from the lower section of the Samara River). Species of Neogobius melanostomus from the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve show the lowest quantitative indices of the bilateral features asymmetry (0.17 of asymmetric detections per feature). This may demonstrate the absence of negative anthropogenic impact on ground fish within the particularly guarded water areas. The application of the analysis of the fluctuating fish asymmetry is the simplest and most accessible way of rapid testing of the water environment state, but complex laboratory studies, including molecular and biochemical ones, must be used to obtain a more accurate and reliable estimate.
{"title":"Fluctuating fish asymmetry in natural and artificial reservoirs of Dnipro region on example of invasion types","authors":"A. Horchanok","doi":"10.32819/2019.71026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71026","url":null,"abstract":". Researches of fluctuating asymmetry of the bilateral features of fish were conducted in 2018 on the natural reservoirs (the Samara River within Novomoskovsk and Pavlograd districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve). Insignificant deviations from the bilateral symmetry of external features in living organisms may indicate a decrease in the vitality of certain populations. Using of mass, widespread fish species as the test objects is the best way to detect the levels of fluctuating asymmetry. The fluctuating asymmetry of four bilateral features was estimated within 146 units of the common sunfish Lepomis gibbosus , the stone moroco of Pseudorasbora parva and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus in different habitat conditions, the stability of their life circle was evaluated. The number of rays in the interbranchial septum, the number of branching rays in the pectoral and abdominal fins, the number of scales in the lateral line were analysed. The variability of these features on the left and right sides of the fish was evaluated. The lowering of the natural fish populations vitality because of the influence of negative anthropogenic pressure is currently minor. The stability of fish development by the analysis of bilateral features is noted within normal limits of 1 point ( Neogobius melanostomu s from the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve, Lepomis gibbosus and Pseudorasbora parva from the middle section of the Samara River) or deviates insignificantly from the statutory indicator in 2 points ( Lepomis gibbosus from the lower section of the Samara River). Species of Neogobius melanostomus from the reservoirs of the Dnipro-Oril Nature Reserve show the lowest quantitative indices of the bilateral features asymmetry (0.17 of asymmetric detections per feature). This may demonstrate the absence of negative anthropogenic impact on ground fish within the particularly guarded water areas. The application of the analysis of the fluctuating fish asymmetry is the simplest and most accessible way of rapid testing of the water environment state, but complex laboratory studies, including molecular and biochemical ones, must be used to obtain a more accurate and reliable estimate.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Shkurko, M. I. & Bondarenko, U. V. (2019). New Ukrainian intergeneric duck hybrid. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 163‒166. doi: 10.32819/2019.71029 Abstract. The article presents the results of the production efficiency test of the new intergeneric hybrid of ducks-mullards at the farm «Povit-Agro», Kyiv oblast, which was conducted in 2016. In 2015, economic indications of adult ducks were studied and three search crossings aimed at obtaining domestic mullards were conducted: ♂ musk brown × ♀ steppe grey (crossing No. 1); ♂ musk brown × ♀ Ukrainian white (crossing No. 2); ♂ musk white × ♀ Ukrainian white (crossing No.3). The studies have shown that in accordance with the live weight and slaughtering qualities, the best ducklings among all groups of ducks were obtained as a result of crossing No. 3. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to test the production efficiency of ducks-mullards growing of hybrid No. 3 for meat, in comparison to the original parental forms (musk white and Ukrainian white). Remote hybridization of musk drakes with ducks of domestic population (Ukrainian white) occurred by means of natural mating. Three groups of ducks (200 heads each) with respect to the degree of reduction of pre-slaughter live weight were arranged in the following sequence: intergeneric hybrid No. 3 (4207.0 ± 24.2 g), musk white (3805.0 ± 59.7 g) and Ukrainian white (3384.0 ± 21.3 g). The conducted studies have shown that ducklings of Ukrainian mullard (musk white ♂ × Ukrainian white ♀) are characterized by better growth energy, survival rates and slaughter qualities than their original parental forms. In this regard they are more suitable for the efficient production of dietary meat at farms as well at private households.
{"title":"New Ukrainian intergeneric duck hybrid","authors":"M. I. Shkurko, U. V. Bondarenko","doi":"10.32819/2019.71029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71029","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Shkurko, M. I. & Bondarenko, U. V. (2019). New Ukrainian intergeneric duck hybrid. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 163‒166. doi: 10.32819/2019.71029 Abstract. The article presents the results of the production efficiency test of the new intergeneric hybrid of ducks-mullards at the farm «Povit-Agro», Kyiv oblast, which was conducted in 2016. In 2015, economic indications of adult ducks were studied and three search crossings aimed at obtaining domestic mullards were conducted: ♂ musk brown × ♀ steppe grey (crossing No. 1); ♂ musk brown × ♀ Ukrainian white (crossing No. 2); ♂ musk white × ♀ Ukrainian white (crossing No.3). The studies have shown that in accordance with the live weight and slaughtering qualities, the best ducklings among all groups of ducks were obtained as a result of crossing No. 3. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to test the production efficiency of ducks-mullards growing of hybrid No. 3 for meat, in comparison to the original parental forms (musk white and Ukrainian white). Remote hybridization of musk drakes with ducks of domestic population (Ukrainian white) occurred by means of natural mating. Three groups of ducks (200 heads each) with respect to the degree of reduction of pre-slaughter live weight were arranged in the following sequence: intergeneric hybrid No. 3 (4207.0 ± 24.2 g), musk white (3805.0 ± 59.7 g) and Ukrainian white (3384.0 ± 21.3 g). The conducted studies have shown that ducklings of Ukrainian mullard (musk white ♂ × Ukrainian white ♀) are characterized by better growth energy, survival rates and slaughter qualities than their original parental forms. In this regard they are more suitable for the efficient production of dietary meat at farms as well at private households.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Fares, M. A., Rahmoun, D. E., & Lieshchova, M. A. (2019). Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 223‒228. doi: 10.32819/2019.74039 Abstract. The two main pregastric compartiments of ruminants: rumen and reticulum work as anaerobic fermenter which allows them to use energetic and nitrogen substrates which are indigestible by monograstric animals. They have a major importance in this fermenter, also these microbes : bacteria, protozoa and fungi, on the degradation of cell-wall carbohydrates: cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, on nitrogen digestion and finally on the utilisation of the major minerals and trace elements. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the protozoa populations in the rumen of Algerian bovines local breed, adult animals living in a relatively humid climate, basic ration based on straw and pastures during hot days. Whereas in cold weather rations are based on straw, cereals and grass forage. Usually not 2 to 5 × 106 ml of rumen containing organisms however, under certain feeding conditions, they represent at least 50 % of the rumen microbial biomass. Due to the difficulties in cultivate in vitro, their role and their metabolism are less known than those of bacteria. Ciliated protozoa are capable of transforming a large number of food and bacterial constituents in metabolites and cellular compounds which will then be used by the host animal. The importance of these activities is however still very controversial since in the absence of protozoa in the rumen, Isolation carried out on rumen fluid sampled of 20 cows. Rumen fluid was diluted in formaldehyde 10 % solution, and distributed in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Then observed in optical microscope using Lugol’s iodine coloration. Classified in three genders according to size. 11 different genders were identified; a considerable population of rumen protozoa was identified and classified for first time on Algerian local breed (Atlas).
{"title":"Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria","authors":"M. Fares, D. Rahmoun, M. Lieshchova","doi":"10.32819/2019.74039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.74039","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Fares, M. A., Rahmoun, D. E., & Lieshchova, M. A. (2019). Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(4), 223‒228. doi: 10.32819/2019.74039 Abstract. The two main pregastric compartiments of ruminants: rumen and reticulum work as anaerobic fermenter which allows them to use energetic and nitrogen substrates which are indigestible by monograstric animals. They have a major importance in this fermenter, also these microbes : bacteria, protozoa and fungi, on the degradation of cell-wall carbohydrates: cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, on nitrogen digestion and finally on the utilisation of the major minerals and trace elements. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the protozoa populations in the rumen of Algerian bovines local breed, adult animals living in a relatively humid climate, basic ration based on straw and pastures during hot days. Whereas in cold weather rations are based on straw, cereals and grass forage. Usually not 2 to 5 × 106 ml of rumen containing organisms however, under certain feeding conditions, they represent at least 50 % of the rumen microbial biomass. Due to the difficulties in cultivate in vitro, their role and their metabolism are less known than those of bacteria. Ciliated protozoa are capable of transforming a large number of food and bacterial constituents in metabolites and cellular compounds which will then be used by the host animal. The importance of these activities is however still very controversial since in the absence of protozoa in the rumen, Isolation carried out on rumen fluid sampled of 20 cows. Rumen fluid was diluted in formaldehyde 10 % solution, and distributed in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Then observed in optical microscope using Lugol’s iodine coloration. Classified in three genders according to size. 11 different genders were identified; a considerable population of rumen protozoa was identified and classified for first time on Algerian local breed (Atlas).","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70173615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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