. This review of literature sources is devoted to the problem of the influance of climate change on dairy husbandry, as well as approaches to welfare evaluation of the animals and the search for reliable markers of the functional state of the body in conditions of high temperatures. Global climatic changes connected with rising temperatures and fluctuations in weather conditions have the influence on agrarian production in general and dairy husbandry in particular. Decrease of yield capacity and food value of plants as a natural source of forage for animal husbandry, favorable conditions for the development and spread of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the direct action of extreme high temperatures on health, productivity and reproductive capacity of animals, cause significant economic losses in hot periods of the year, not only for tropical regions of the world, but also for most European countries. Today, among the immediate environmental tasks, priority in the context of global food security is the use of urgent measures and the search for long-term (perspective) strategies to prevent the possible consequences of climate change. It is known that horned cattle, especially highly productive horned cattles, are better tolerate to lower temperatures than high, because their thermoneutral zone, in most reports, is in the range from +5 to +20–25°С. The animals, are being present in an artificial, limited space of premises, unable to show the whole range of natural behavioral reactions, and therefore the level of their welfare depends entirely on the conditions created by man. Under such circumstances, monitoring of the air environment and its direct influence on the physiological state of dairy cattle is better done by calculating special indices that take into account several environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity), which act on the organism of animals in a dynamic complex. However, such indices have not been sufficiently disseminated among domestic researchers. Although for more than half a century, the most commonly used in the world practice for evaluation the comfort of animals during periods of heat, is a temperature-humidity index. It is convenient in calculation and informative enough. Numerous studies indicate a close relationship between temperature-humidity index and animal body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate, which are widely used to elevation the clinical conditions during thermal stress. The relatively high correlation between temperature-humidity index and productivity (milk yield and content of its components) allows using this index in prognostic models of influence of environmental on the dairy cattle. A various biological markers of the functional state of animals deserve attention. The possibility using such markers as predictors of the effects of high temperatures on the welfare of animals is reported in the proposed literary review.
{"title":"Welfare of dairy cattle in conditions of global climate change","authors":"R. Mylostyvyi, V. Sejian","doi":"10.32819/2019.71009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71009","url":null,"abstract":". This review of literature sources is devoted to the problem of the influance of climate change on dairy husbandry, as well as approaches to welfare evaluation of the animals and the search for reliable markers of the functional state of the body in conditions of high temperatures. Global climatic changes connected with rising temperatures and fluctuations in weather conditions have the influence on agrarian production in general and dairy husbandry in particular. Decrease of yield capacity and food value of plants as a natural source of forage for animal husbandry, favorable conditions for the development and spread of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the direct action of extreme high temperatures on health, productivity and reproductive capacity of animals, cause significant economic losses in hot periods of the year, not only for tropical regions of the world, but also for most European countries. Today, among the immediate environmental tasks, priority in the context of global food security is the use of urgent measures and the search for long-term (perspective) strategies to prevent the possible consequences of climate change. It is known that horned cattle, especially highly productive horned cattles, are better tolerate to lower temperatures than high, because their thermoneutral zone, in most reports, is in the range from +5 to +20–25°С. The animals, are being present in an artificial, limited space of premises, unable to show the whole range of natural behavioral reactions, and therefore the level of their welfare depends entirely on the conditions created by man. Under such circumstances, monitoring of the air environment and its direct influence on the physiological state of dairy cattle is better done by calculating special indices that take into account several environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity), which act on the organism of animals in a dynamic complex. However, such indices have not been sufficiently disseminated among domestic researchers. Although for more than half a century, the most commonly used in the world practice for evaluation the comfort of animals during periods of heat, is a temperature-humidity index. It is convenient in calculation and informative enough. Numerous studies indicate a close relationship between temperature-humidity index and animal body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate, which are widely used to elevation the clinical conditions during thermal stress. The relatively high correlation between temperature-humidity index and productivity (milk yield and content of its components) allows using this index in prognostic models of influence of environmental on the dairy cattle. A various biological markers of the functional state of animals deserve attention. The possibility using such markers as predictors of the effects of high temperatures on the welfare of animals is reported in the proposed literary review.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42021806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Kambur, M. D. (2019). Dynamics of lipid content in the fetus and amniotic fluid of cattle. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 14‒20. doi: 10.32819/2019.71003 Abstract. The neсеssity in the lipids for an organism during the prenatal period of ontogenesis is satisfied, in particular with the mother’s body, by means of their transport through the placental barrier. The article provides data on the specifics of the use of lipids in the fetus during the gestation period. Features of use of lipids in the fetus of cattle during the period of gestation are discussed. In blood samples of fetus of different age gestation (group І – 1-2 months (n = 10); group II – 3-5 months (n = 15); group III – 6-7 months (n = 16); group IV – 8-9 months (n = 16) and the content of the main classes of lipids (total phospholipid fraction, phosphoryl choline, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols) was determined. It is established, that content of total phospholipid fraction in the blood of fetus from the beginning of the embryonic period to the end of gestation, was reduced by 1.69 times, but in an amniotic fluid it was unreliable increased by 1.07 times. It was proved that the content of phosphorylcholine in the blood of the fetus during the whole period of its gestation decreased by 1.65 times, and in amniotic fluid – by 1.24 times. Cholesterol of amniotic fluid is the highest at end of the early fetal period – to 1.43 times more than in the late fetal period, and 1.53 times more than fetal period of gestation. It is revealed the gradual reduction of content of cholesterol in the blood of the fetus during gestation to 2.05 times and amniotic fluid at 1.38 times. It was established that the content phosphorylcholine in the first two fetation periods almost did not differ and at the end of the late fetal period of gestation was in amniotic fluid by 1.25–1.29–1.07 times more than in previous periods of gestation of the fetus. In the blood of the fetuses at the prenatal period, the content of triacylglycerols was reliable decreased in comparison with the late fetal period in 1.45 times. In the amniotic fluid, the content of the total fraction of triacylglycerols in the late fetal period of gestation of the fetus was decreased and was 1.26 times smaller. The most intensive use of lipids by fetus was observed in the early fetal period of gestation (3–5th month of gestation) and in the fetal period (8–9 months of gestation). During the aforementioned periods, the weight of the fetal body was increased.
{"title":"Dynamics of lipid content in the fetus and amniotic fluid of cattle","authors":"M. Kambur","doi":"10.32819/2019.71003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71003","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Kambur, M. D. (2019). Dynamics of lipid content in the fetus and amniotic fluid of cattle. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 14‒20. doi: 10.32819/2019.71003 Abstract. The neсеssity in the lipids for an organism during the prenatal period of ontogenesis is satisfied, in particular with the mother’s body, by means of their transport through the placental barrier. The article provides data on the specifics of the use of lipids in the fetus during the gestation period. Features of use of lipids in the fetus of cattle during the period of gestation are discussed. In blood samples of fetus of different age gestation (group І – 1-2 months (n = 10); group II – 3-5 months (n = 15); group III – 6-7 months (n = 16); group IV – 8-9 months (n = 16) and the content of the main classes of lipids (total phospholipid fraction, phosphoryl choline, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols) was determined. It is established, that content of total phospholipid fraction in the blood of fetus from the beginning of the embryonic period to the end of gestation, was reduced by 1.69 times, but in an amniotic fluid it was unreliable increased by 1.07 times. It was proved that the content of phosphorylcholine in the blood of the fetus during the whole period of its gestation decreased by 1.65 times, and in amniotic fluid – by 1.24 times. Cholesterol of amniotic fluid is the highest at end of the early fetal period – to 1.43 times more than in the late fetal period, and 1.53 times more than fetal period of gestation. It is revealed the gradual reduction of content of cholesterol in the blood of the fetus during gestation to 2.05 times and amniotic fluid at 1.38 times. It was established that the content phosphorylcholine in the first two fetation periods almost did not differ and at the end of the late fetal period of gestation was in amniotic fluid by 1.25–1.29–1.07 times more than in previous periods of gestation of the fetus. In the blood of the fetuses at the prenatal period, the content of triacylglycerols was reliable decreased in comparison with the late fetal period in 1.45 times. In the amniotic fluid, the content of the total fraction of triacylglycerols in the late fetal period of gestation of the fetus was decreased and was 1.26 times smaller. The most intensive use of lipids by fetus was observed in the early fetal period of gestation (3–5th month of gestation) and in the fetal period (8–9 months of gestation). During the aforementioned periods, the weight of the fetal body was increased.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Gavrilіn, P. M., & Nikitina, M. O. (2019). Microanatomical aspects of the intestines and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of meat rabbits. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 42‒46. doi: 10.32819/2019.71008 Abstract. In the paper, we consider the morphology of intestine structures and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of meat rabbits. The investigation was carried out for the rabbits of the following ages: 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days of postnatal development. In accordance with the age groups, the samples of small and large intestines were taken and stained with hematoxylin eosin. As the result of microscopy investigations, the morphology of intestines and lymphoid tissues was studied. We found out that the most area of a microscopic section was taken up by mucosa, whereas lymphoid cells were detected mainly in lamina propria and somewhat in epithelium. We observed that immune structures of 30-day rabbits were formed in lamina propria hardly breaking the submucous layer. For the 1-day rabbits, the lymphoid tissue was detected in sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix. Starting from the 20-th day of postnatal development, the lymphoid tissue was also observed in lamina propria and other intestinal tracts. We found specific types of lymphoid tissue and immune structures, which were typical of each age group of the rabbits. Besides, we studied the traits of lymphatic nodule development within the selected ages as well as assessing differentiation periods of lymphoid tissue. We determined that lymphoid tissue could be detected for the newborn rabbits, viz. lymphatic nodules and aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) begin growing from the 20-th day of postnatal development, whereas germinal centers are observed in lymphatic nodules of 60-day rabbits. With age, the number of lymphatic nodules is increasing in lymphoid plaques whereas the amount of lymphoid tissue is decreasing between the plaques. Since birth, lymphatic nodules are mostly circular-shaped. However, irregular-shaped lymphatic nodules, which are arranged in two rows, are appearing in the lymphoid plaques starting from 30-day age. On the 90th day of postnatal development, almost all lymphatic nodules within the lymphoid paques have irregular shape and may be arranged in three rows. A well-developed bloodstream vessel cab be observed in the proximity of the lymphoid tissue and lymphoid structures of each rabbit age group.
{"title":"Microanatomical aspects of the intestines and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of meat rabbits","authors":"P. M. Gavrilin, M. Nikitina","doi":"10.32819/2019.71008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71008","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Gavrilіn, P. M., & Nikitina, M. O. (2019). Microanatomical aspects of the intestines and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of meat rabbits. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 42‒46. doi: 10.32819/2019.71008 Abstract. In the paper, we consider the morphology of intestine structures and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of meat rabbits. The investigation was carried out for the rabbits of the following ages: 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days of postnatal development. In accordance with the age groups, the samples of small and large intestines were taken and stained with hematoxylin eosin. As the result of microscopy investigations, the morphology of intestines and lymphoid tissues was studied. We found out that the most area of a microscopic section was taken up by mucosa, whereas lymphoid cells were detected mainly in lamina propria and somewhat in epithelium. We observed that immune structures of 30-day rabbits were formed in lamina propria hardly breaking the submucous layer. For the 1-day rabbits, the lymphoid tissue was detected in sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix. Starting from the 20-th day of postnatal development, the lymphoid tissue was also observed in lamina propria and other intestinal tracts. We found specific types of lymphoid tissue and immune structures, which were typical of each age group of the rabbits. Besides, we studied the traits of lymphatic nodule development within the selected ages as well as assessing differentiation periods of lymphoid tissue. We determined that lymphoid tissue could be detected for the newborn rabbits, viz. lymphatic nodules and aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) begin growing from the 20-th day of postnatal development, whereas germinal centers are observed in lymphatic nodules of 60-day rabbits. With age, the number of lymphatic nodules is increasing in lymphoid plaques whereas the amount of lymphoid tissue is decreasing between the plaques. Since birth, lymphatic nodules are mostly circular-shaped. However, irregular-shaped lymphatic nodules, which are arranged in two rows, are appearing in the lymphoid plaques starting from 30-day age. On the 90th day of postnatal development, almost all lymphatic nodules within the lymphoid paques have irregular shape and may be arranged in three rows. A well-developed bloodstream vessel cab be observed in the proximity of the lymphoid tissue and lymphoid structures of each rabbit age group.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49043641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In this article to be spoken about indicators of action of parvoviridae on an organism of animals – qualitative and quantitative characteristics of blood. These indicators change at many pathological reactions and participate in ensuring nonspecific and specific resistance of an organism. With the help of the analysis of integral leukocyte indices based on the formula of blood reflecting the state of neurohumoral homeostasis and immunological reactivity of the organism, the disturbances were first discovered and established humoral and cellular links of the immune system, micro- and macrophage system, reduction of nonspecific protection of the organism and revealed connections between integral hematological parameters and immunity indexes in dogs with natural parvoviral infections. The purpose of our research was to determine the possibility of evaluating endogenous intoxication in dogs for parvoviral enteritis on the basis of indicators of index leukocyte count of blood. The work was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, as well as in the veterinary clinics of city of Zhytomyr, city of Berdychiv and city of Kyiv from 2013 to 2016 in breeding and non-breeding dogs. The studies on confirming the diagnosis of viral enteritis were carried out using rapid tests VetExpert CPV- Ag and in the veterinary laboratory using ELISA and PCR. The conducted researches showed that in dogs for parvovirus there is a decrease in the indices of integral hematological parameters, namely the leukocyte index, the ratio of lymphocytes and monocytes, index by Garkava, the index of allergy, the lymphocytic granulocytic index and the index of immunoreactivity (by Shabalov), with subsequent elevations below the physiological limit. In interpreting these data, the inhibition of the immune system, in particular the cellular level, leukocyte deficiency and bone marrow suppression, cerebral hypoxia and cytokine deficiency, should be noted. Integral hematological parameters of peripheral blood have been proved to increase the informative value of the general analysis of blood in dogs with infectious diseases and allow to determine not only the degree of reactivity of the organism, but also to assess the level of endogenous intoxication.
{"title":"Dynamics of leukocytic indices for parvoviral enteritis at dogs","authors":"M. L. Radsikhovskii, L. Goralskii, O. Dyshkant","doi":"10.32819/2019.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71001","url":null,"abstract":". In this article to be spoken about indicators of action of parvoviridae on an organism of animals – qualitative and quantitative characteristics of blood. These indicators change at many pathological reactions and participate in ensuring nonspecific and specific resistance of an organism. With the help of the analysis of integral leukocyte indices based on the formula of blood reflecting the state of neurohumoral homeostasis and immunological reactivity of the organism, the disturbances were first discovered and established humoral and cellular links of the immune system, micro- and macrophage system, reduction of nonspecific protection of the organism and revealed connections between integral hematological parameters and immunity indexes in dogs with natural parvoviral infections. The purpose of our research was to determine the possibility of evaluating endogenous intoxication in dogs for parvoviral enteritis on the basis of indicators of index leukocyte count of blood. The work was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, as well as in the veterinary clinics of city of Zhytomyr, city of Berdychiv and city of Kyiv from 2013 to 2016 in breeding and non-breeding dogs. The studies on confirming the diagnosis of viral enteritis were carried out using rapid tests VetExpert CPV- Ag and in the veterinary laboratory using ELISA and PCR. The conducted researches showed that in dogs for parvovirus there is a decrease in the indices of integral hematological parameters, namely the leukocyte index, the ratio of lymphocytes and monocytes, index by Garkava, the index of allergy, the lymphocytic granulocytic index and the index of immunoreactivity (by Shabalov), with subsequent elevations below the physiological limit. In interpreting these data, the inhibition of the immune system, in particular the cellular level, leukocyte deficiency and bone marrow suppression, cerebral hypoxia and cytokine deficiency, should be noted. Integral hematological parameters of peripheral blood have been proved to increase the informative value of the general analysis of blood in dogs with infectious diseases and allow to determine not only the degree of reactivity of the organism, but also to assess the level of endogenous intoxication.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49653341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associated flow of coccidiosis in the mixinvasions of the digestive tract of pigs","authors":"V. О. Yevstafіeva, V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.32819/2019.71004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Lesnovskay, O. V., Каrlova, L. V., & Deberina, I. V. (2019). Features of formation of milk productivity of cows of red steppe breed. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 29‒35. doi: 10.32819/2019.71006 Abstract. Duration and conditions of fetus development, its live weight at birth are indicators that have not only general biological significance, but also possible breeding characters. Even more often, the need for selection of young animals is noted with an allowance for duration of embryonic development and its influence on further milk productivity and reproductive capacity. The research was carried out in LLC “Obriy” of Pokrovskyi district of the Dnipropetrovsk region on heifers of red steppe breed (n = 150). Four groups of heifers are selected: with short, medium, elongated and optimal uterine development. By heifers were determined the growth and development indicators, productivity, reproductive capacity. Economic monitoring had been carried out by us relative to expediency of using the heifers of the under-investigation groups by counting the amount of additional products received. It was established, that in 72.7% of heifers the duration of uterine development was 280–290 days. Accordingly, 19.3% and 8.0% of heifers had short and prolonged uterine development. In the main growing periods, the largest live weight had heifers with the period of uterine development of 290 days or more. However, on average daily gains of live weight, the advantage was on the side of individuals, in which the period of uterine development was 286–290 days. Thus, this indicator in heifers of ІІ–ІV groups from birth to 6 months of age was 656.7–684 g, which is more by 3.1–7.5% than those with the period of uterine development of 279 days or less. A similar trend was observed during growing periods of 6-12 and 12-18 months. Compared to heifers of Group I, the advantage was 10.9–13.8% and 2.7–7.0%, respectively. In the 24-monthold age, the best gains were in individuals of ІІ–ІV groups: 468.9–480.5 g, while in the age group І the experimental group, this indicator was 401.1 g. The research have shown that live weight determines the age of the first insemination of heifers. The live weight of the repair heifers of the experimental groups for the first insemination ranged from 363.8 to 398.5 kg in the group, that is 75–80% of live weight of the full-age cow, which is the best indicator for reproduction of the herd. So the heifers of ІІ–ІV experimental groups were inseminated at 71.0–46.9 days earlier, that is, at the age of 548.3–572.4 days, compared to the analogues of the first experimental group. In the individuals of ІІ–ІV groups, the first calves were obtained at the age of 819.4–840.1 days. The advantage for live weight of the individuals of these experimental groups was retained for the first calving: from 467.2 to 519.6 kg. It should be noted that here and the output of calves for 100 cows is more by 0,4–6,3% compared to the
{"title":"Features of formation of milk productivity of cows of red steppe breed","authors":"O. V. Lesnovskay, L. V. Каrlova, I. V. Deberina","doi":"10.32819/2019.71006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71006","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Lesnovskay, O. V., Каrlova, L. V., & Deberina, I. V. (2019). Features of formation of milk productivity of cows of red steppe breed. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(1), 29‒35. doi: 10.32819/2019.71006 Abstract. Duration and conditions of fetus development, its live weight at birth are indicators that have not only general biological significance, but also possible breeding characters. Even more often, the need for selection of young animals is noted with an allowance for duration of embryonic development and its influence on further milk productivity and reproductive capacity. The research was carried out in LLC “Obriy” of Pokrovskyi district of the Dnipropetrovsk region on heifers of red steppe breed (n = 150). Four groups of heifers are selected: with short, medium, elongated and optimal uterine development. By heifers were determined the growth and development indicators, productivity, reproductive capacity. Economic monitoring had been carried out by us relative to expediency of using the heifers of the under-investigation groups by counting the amount of additional products received. It was established, that in 72.7% of heifers the duration of uterine development was 280–290 days. Accordingly, 19.3% and 8.0% of heifers had short and prolonged uterine development. In the main growing periods, the largest live weight had heifers with the period of uterine development of 290 days or more. However, on average daily gains of live weight, the advantage was on the side of individuals, in which the period of uterine development was 286–290 days. Thus, this indicator in heifers of ІІ–ІV groups from birth to 6 months of age was 656.7–684 g, which is more by 3.1–7.5% than those with the period of uterine development of 279 days or less. A similar trend was observed during growing periods of 6-12 and 12-18 months. Compared to heifers of Group I, the advantage was 10.9–13.8% and 2.7–7.0%, respectively. In the 24-monthold age, the best gains were in individuals of ІІ–ІV groups: 468.9–480.5 g, while in the age group І the experimental group, this indicator was 401.1 g. The research have shown that live weight determines the age of the first insemination of heifers. The live weight of the repair heifers of the experimental groups for the first insemination ranged from 363.8 to 398.5 kg in the group, that is 75–80% of live weight of the full-age cow, which is the best indicator for reproduction of the herd. So the heifers of ІІ–ІV experimental groups were inseminated at 71.0–46.9 days earlier, that is, at the age of 548.3–572.4 days, compared to the analogues of the first experimental group. In the individuals of ІІ–ІV groups, the first calves were obtained at the age of 819.4–840.1 days. The advantage for live weight of the individuals of these experimental groups was retained for the first calving: from 467.2 to 519.6 kg. It should be noted that here and the output of calves for 100 cows is more by 0,4–6,3% compared to the","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46012306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Development and research of new insecticides safe for nature is the actual problem of modern scientific works. The article is devoted to establishment of insecticide-repellent activity of the preparation “Ektosan-pudra tm ” (production of LLC “Brovafarma”, Ukraine) concerning the flies species of Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758. Flies of Stomoxys calcitrans are permanent and dominant (~ 90%) representatives of the entomological fauna on the territory of the animal husbandry enterprises of Ukraine and especially in Rivne region. The high mass activity of these flies is observed in September (at a daily average temperature of air +19-21°С and at night – +8-12 °С). This occurs despite the satisfactory sanitary condition of the experimental farm territory. The main place of flies’ localization (46.3%, p<0.05) on the body of cows is usually the anterior limbs – the area of metacarpal bone. “Ektosan-pudra tm ” is a combined insecticide based on alpha-cypermethrin (0.5%), purified sulfur (0.45%) and geraniol (0.6%). The research were conducted by testing the preparation on the cows in the conditions of stable nursing system of cattle. Powder was applied to the animals from the experimental group individually once by means of rubbing in the haircoat from head to tail and internal areas of the limbs. The cows from the control group were intact. The observation for the flies’ number after the cow’s treatment have shown that the high repellent effect of the remedy was kept during two days: the scare factor (SF) in 34 hours after the treatment was 78.7%. Relative protective action of “Ektosan-pudra tm ” lasts up to four days (SF 72.9%). The insecticidal effect of the preparation is increasing with the rise in ambient temperature to 20ºC and increased activity of flies (from 17.4 to 30.1 units / animal) than in the case of an attack on individual cows and temperatures below 10 °C. According to preliminary studies, the preparation excretion with milk is non-specific, which allows the use this insecticide without restrictions, depending on the need. However, due to the complexity of insecticide powder applying for cows it is recommended to apply the preparation in the farms with a small number of livestock.
{"title":"Repellent properties “Ektosan-pudratm” for insect Diptera","authors":"A. M. Shevchenko","doi":"10.32819/2019.71013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71013","url":null,"abstract":". Development and research of new insecticides safe for nature is the actual problem of modern scientific works. The article is devoted to establishment of insecticide-repellent activity of the preparation “Ektosan-pudra tm ” (production of LLC “Brovafarma”, Ukraine) concerning the flies species of Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758. Flies of Stomoxys calcitrans are permanent and dominant (~ 90%) representatives of the entomological fauna on the territory of the animal husbandry enterprises of Ukraine and especially in Rivne region. The high mass activity of these flies is observed in September (at a daily average temperature of air +19-21°С and at night – +8-12 °С). This occurs despite the satisfactory sanitary condition of the experimental farm territory. The main place of flies’ localization (46.3%, p<0.05) on the body of cows is usually the anterior limbs – the area of metacarpal bone. “Ektosan-pudra tm ” is a combined insecticide based on alpha-cypermethrin (0.5%), purified sulfur (0.45%) and geraniol (0.6%). The research were conducted by testing the preparation on the cows in the conditions of stable nursing system of cattle. Powder was applied to the animals from the experimental group individually once by means of rubbing in the haircoat from head to tail and internal areas of the limbs. The cows from the control group were intact. The observation for the flies’ number after the cow’s treatment have shown that the high repellent effect of the remedy was kept during two days: the scare factor (SF) in 34 hours after the treatment was 78.7%. Relative protective action of “Ektosan-pudra tm ” lasts up to four days (SF 72.9%). The insecticidal effect of the preparation is increasing with the rise in ambient temperature to 20ºC and increased activity of flies (from 17.4 to 30.1 units / animal) than in the case of an attack on individual cows and temperatures below 10 °C. According to preliminary studies, the preparation excretion with milk is non-specific, which allows the use this insecticide without restrictions, depending on the need. However, due to the complexity of insecticide powder applying for cows it is recommended to apply the preparation in the farms with a small number of livestock.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Melnychuk, V. V. (2019). Epizootic situation of sheep digestive canal nematodoses in the conditions of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 153‒157. doi: 10.32819/2019.71027 Abstract. Sheep farming is a universal industry that supplies mutton, by-products, milk and wool, ranks third place in the world by statistical indicators and belongs to the economically sound livestock industries. However, along with the significant benefits, the industry has risks connected with a large number of diseases of parasitic etiology, among which one the relevant place belongs to diseases, caused by the nematodoses of the digestive canal. The epizootic situation concerning the nematodoses of the digestive canal was studied in the farms of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine (Zaporizhia, Kyiv and Poltava regions) during 2015–2019. Coprovascopic investigations were performed on sheep of different breeds and age groups using the McMaster quantitative method, determining the magnitude and intensity indicators of the invasion. The investigations have shown a significant spread of nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep in the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine. The average invasion extensiveness was 45.92 % for intensity from 50 to 2350 eggs/g of fecal. As a result of the conducted coprological investigations, the parasitism of nematodes of the series Strongylida (Railliet et Henry, 1913), Trichurida (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928; Spassky, 1954), Rhabditida (Chitwood, 1933), were registered on the morphological characteristics of eggs isolated from fecal of diseased sheep. In percentage terms, the strongilatosic invasion was the most widespread in the territory of the investigated region and reached 44.08 % of the total number of sheep with nematodoses deseases of the digestive canal. Accordingly, the trichuriasic and strongyloidosic infestations of sheep were recorded slightly less, with a share of 31.32 % and 24.60 %, respectively. In the cross-section of the investigated regions, it was fixed that the greatest quantity of the sheep ill of the digestive canal nematodoses were detected in the sheep farms of Poltava region (EI = 54.27 %). The animal farmings of Kyiv (EI = 48.79 %) and Zaporizhia (EI = 38.21%) regions were more fortunate. The conducted investigations for the first time in Ukraine have elucidated the present epizootic condition with regard to nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep. The prospect of further investigations is to study the fauna of the nematodes of the sheep alimentary canal of the territory of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine by the consequences of complete helminthological autopsy of the digestive tract organs.
本文来源:Melnychuk, V. V.(2019)。乌克兰中部和东南部地区绵羊消化道线虫病的流行情况。兽医学理论与应用，7(3)，153-157。doi: 10.32819/2019.71027绵羊养殖业是供应羊肉、副产品、牛奶和羊毛的综合性产业，统计指标居世界第三位，属于经济效益较好的畜牧业。然而，在获得巨大收益的同时，该行业也存在着与大量寄生虫病相关的风险，其中一个相关的地方属于疾病，即消化道线虫病引起的疾病。研究了2015-2019年在乌克兰中部和东南部地区(扎波罗热、基辅和波尔塔瓦地区)农场发生的与消化道线虫有关的动物流行病。采用麦克马斯特定量法对不同品种和年龄组的绵羊进行了coprovasscopy调查，确定了入侵的幅度和强度指标。调查显示，绵羊胃肠道线虫在乌克兰中部和东南部地区有显著传播。50 ~ 2350个/g粪卵的平均入侵广泛性为45.92%。通过开展的泌尿学调查，发现了以下系列线虫的寄生情况:Strongylida (Railliet et Henry, 1913)、Trichurida (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928;Spassky, 1954)， Rhabditida (Chitwood, 1933)，根据从病羊粪便中分离的卵的形态特征进行了登记。从百分比上看，强线虫病在调查地区最广泛，占消化道线虫病绵羊总数的44.08%。据此，绵羊的鞭虫病和类圆线虫病发病率略低，分别占31.32%和24.60%。在调查地区的横截面上，确定波尔塔瓦地区羊场的消化道线虫病检出率最高(EI = 54.27%)。基辅(EI = 48.79%)和扎波罗热(EI = 38.21%)地区的动物养殖业较为幸运。在乌克兰进行的首次调查已经阐明了绵羊消化道线虫病目前的动物流行病状况。进一步调查的前景是通过对消化道器官进行完整的蠕虫解剖的结果，研究乌克兰中部和东南部地区境内绵羊消化道线虫的区系。
{"title":"Epizootic situation of sheep digestive canal nematodoses in the conditions of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine","authors":"V. Melnychuk","doi":"10.32819/2019.71027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71027","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Melnychuk, V. V. (2019). Epizootic situation of sheep digestive canal nematodoses in the conditions of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 153‒157. doi: 10.32819/2019.71027 Abstract. Sheep farming is a universal industry that supplies mutton, by-products, milk and wool, ranks third place in the world by statistical indicators and belongs to the economically sound livestock industries. However, along with the significant benefits, the industry has risks connected with a large number of diseases of parasitic etiology, among which one the relevant place belongs to diseases, caused by the nematodoses of the digestive canal. The epizootic situation concerning the nematodoses of the digestive canal was studied in the farms of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine (Zaporizhia, Kyiv and Poltava regions) during 2015–2019. Coprovascopic investigations were performed on sheep of different breeds and age groups using the McMaster quantitative method, determining the magnitude and intensity indicators of the invasion. The investigations have shown a significant spread of nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep in the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine. The average invasion extensiveness was 45.92 % for intensity from 50 to 2350 eggs/g of fecal. As a result of the conducted coprological investigations, the parasitism of nematodes of the series Strongylida (Railliet et Henry, 1913), Trichurida (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928; Spassky, 1954), Rhabditida (Chitwood, 1933), were registered on the morphological characteristics of eggs isolated from fecal of diseased sheep. In percentage terms, the strongilatosic invasion was the most widespread in the territory of the investigated region and reached 44.08 % of the total number of sheep with nematodoses deseases of the digestive canal. Accordingly, the trichuriasic and strongyloidosic infestations of sheep were recorded slightly less, with a share of 31.32 % and 24.60 %, respectively. In the cross-section of the investigated regions, it was fixed that the greatest quantity of the sheep ill of the digestive canal nematodoses were detected in the sheep farms of Poltava region (EI = 54.27 %). The animal farmings of Kyiv (EI = 48.79 %) and Zaporizhia (EI = 38.21%) regions were more fortunate. The conducted investigations for the first time in Ukraine have elucidated the present epizootic condition with regard to nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep. The prospect of further investigations is to study the fauna of the nematodes of the sheep alimentary canal of the territory of the Central and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine by the consequences of complete helminthological autopsy of the digestive tract organs.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Shevchik, R. S., Kuneva, L. V., & Samoyluk, G. V. (2019). Influence of methods of processing and storage on qualitative indices of food chicken eggs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 69‒73. doi: 10.32819/2019.71012 Abstract. The high biological and nutritional value of food chicken eggs, their availability, maintains a constant consumer interest in the food market for this product. Issues of long-term storage of eggs with guaranteed quality and safety characteristics remain relevant. The prolongation of storage periods using various methods of treatment and conditions is studied for many years by scientists all over the world. If technological regimes of storage have long been included in world standards, the issue of sanitary treatment of eggs before storage remains controversial. The national standard for food chicken eggs limits the storage of washed eggs in the refrigerator until 12 days, whereas in the United States, Australia, Japan, chicken eggs are washed as a compulsory procedure before storage. Changes in qualitative characteristics of washed and raw eggs stored at temperatures of 40C and 230C were analyzed. In the study have been used eggs from one manufacturer, one batch. Experimental groups of eggs were formed, half of which was washed in warm water, the rest was not treated. Changes in qualitative parameters of food chicken eggs stored at a temperature of 230C were noted. There is no significant difference in the process of storage between the washed and unwashed eggs in the quality indices. The decrease in the mass and density of eggs during storage at 230C was 4–5.5 and 1.5–1.6 times, respectively, more than that of eggs cooled. The probable difference in the reduction of the values of the mass and density indicators for 10 weeks of observation is established between groups of eggs with different temperature storage conditions (p < 0,05). In the uncooled eggs for the 6th week of monitoring, the values of the Haugh units and the yolk index fell by 70.3% and 71.5% and 49.8% and 48.9% respectively, shifting the lower limit for the second week of storage. It was established that in the cooled eggs, on the 10th week of observation, Haugh units fell from the initial values by an average of 20%, with the lowest index of 65.2. Reducing the energy value by 13 and 15 kcal at the end of the experiment was established only in groups of eggs, which were stored at a temperature of 230C.
引用本文:舍夫契克，R. S.，库涅娃，L. V.， Samoyluk, G. V.(2019)。加工和贮藏方法对食用鸡蛋定性指标的影响。兽医学理论与应用，7(2)，69-73。doi: 10.32819/2019.71012食用鸡蛋的高生物和营养价值及其可获得性，使消费者对食品市场上的这种产品保持了持续的兴趣。长期储存有保证质量和安全特性的鸡蛋的问题仍然是相关的。世界各地的科学家多年来一直在研究使用各种处理方法和条件来延长储存期。虽然储存技术制度早已纳入世界标准，但鸡蛋在储存前的卫生处理问题仍然存在争议。食用鸡蛋的国家标准将洗过的鸡蛋在冰箱中保存的时间限制在12天，而在美国、澳大利亚、日本，鸡蛋在储存前必须清洗。分析了水洗鸡蛋和生鸡蛋在40℃和230℃贮藏条件下质量特性的变化。在这项研究中，我们使用了来自一个制造商的一批鸡蛋。将鸡蛋分成实验组，其中一半用温水清洗，其余的不做任何处理。观察了食用鸡蛋在230℃贮藏条件下的定性参数变化。水洗鸡蛋与未水洗鸡蛋贮藏过程中品质指标无显著差异。在230C贮藏时，鸡蛋的质量和密度分别比冷却后降低4-5.5倍和1.5-1.6倍。不同温度储存条件下的鸡蛋组在10周的观察中，质量和密度指标的降低值可能存在差异(p < 0.05)。在监测第6周的未冷却鸡蛋中，哈夫单位值和蛋黄指数分别下降70.3%和71.5%，49.8%和48.9%，移动了储存第二周的下限。结果表明，在冷却后的鸡蛋中，观察第10周时，哈氏单位比初始值平均下降20%，最低指数为65.2。实验结束时，能量值分别降低13和15千卡，这只适用于在230℃下储存的鸡蛋组。
{"title":"Influence of methods of processing and storage on qualitative indices of food chicken eggs","authors":"R. Shevchik, L. Kuneva, G. V. Samoyluk","doi":"10.32819/2019.71012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71012","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Shevchik, R. S., Kuneva, L. V., & Samoyluk, G. V. (2019). Influence of methods of processing and storage on qualitative indices of food chicken eggs. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 69‒73. doi: 10.32819/2019.71012 Abstract. The high biological and nutritional value of food chicken eggs, their availability, maintains a constant consumer interest in the food market for this product. Issues of long-term storage of eggs with guaranteed quality and safety characteristics remain relevant. The prolongation of storage periods using various methods of treatment and conditions is studied for many years by scientists all over the world. If technological regimes of storage have long been included in world standards, the issue of sanitary treatment of eggs before storage remains controversial. The national standard for food chicken eggs limits the storage of washed eggs in the refrigerator until 12 days, whereas in the United States, Australia, Japan, chicken eggs are washed as a compulsory procedure before storage. Changes in qualitative characteristics of washed and raw eggs stored at temperatures of 40C and 230C were analyzed. In the study have been used eggs from one manufacturer, one batch. Experimental groups of eggs were formed, half of which was washed in warm water, the rest was not treated. Changes in qualitative parameters of food chicken eggs stored at a temperature of 230C were noted. There is no significant difference in the process of storage between the washed and unwashed eggs in the quality indices. The decrease in the mass and density of eggs during storage at 230C was 4–5.5 and 1.5–1.6 times, respectively, more than that of eggs cooled. The probable difference in the reduction of the values of the mass and density indicators for 10 weeks of observation is established between groups of eggs with different temperature storage conditions (p < 0,05). In the uncooled eggs for the 6th week of monitoring, the values of the Haugh units and the yolk index fell by 70.3% and 71.5% and 49.8% and 48.9% respectively, shifting the lower limit for the second week of storage. It was established that in the cooled eggs, on the 10th week of observation, Haugh units fell from the initial values by an average of 20%, with the lowest index of 65.2. Reducing the energy value by 13 and 15 kcal at the end of the experiment was established only in groups of eggs, which were stored at a temperature of 230C.","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Honchar, I. Pishchan, L. Lytvyschenko, S. Pishchan
Cite this article: Honchar, A. O., Pishchan, I. S., Lytvyschenko, L. O., & Pishchan, S.G. (2019). Realization of the genetic potential of milk productivity of Holstein cows for an extended lactation period. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 120‒125. doi: 10.32819/2019.71022 Abstract. The intensive conditions of industrial milk production require animals with a strong constitution and health, in order to maintain high levels of productivity and reproduction over a long period of time. The aim of the research was to determine the peculiarities of realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity by cows during commercial exploitation in the industrial complex. An experimental part of the research was conducted on the industrial complex for the production of milk of Holstein breed cows of private JSC “Agro-Soyuz” (Ukraine) on healthy animals, which were formed in six groups from the first to the sixth lactation. With the intensive technology of exploitation in the industrial complex, the lactation activity of first-heifers and full-age cows varies within the range of 439.6–446.7 days, and the calving-to-calving interval is 497.3–506.3 days. At the same time, the relatively low milk productivity is characterized by first-heifers, in which the milk yield is 9,439.2 kg of physical or 9,091.6 kg of 4% milk, whereas in animals of the second lactation, these indicators are higher respectively by 10.03% (P < 0.05) and 11.17% (P < 0.01). In the fourth lactation observed further increase of milk yield, reaching the level of 11,725.3 kg of physical or 11,455.4 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the index of cows at third lactation, respectively, by 10.96% and 11.72%. Substantially higher milk productivity in cows at fifth lactation is 11,960.0 kg of physical or 11,833.9 kg of 4% milk, which is higher than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 12.70% and 14.54%. The highest milk yield have Holstein cows in the sixth lactation – 12,071.1 kg of physical or 11,919.9 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 13.51% (P < 0.001) and 15.16% (P < 0.001). The production of milk butter and protein is the lowest in first-heifers and is an average of 661.2 kg. In animals of the second and third lactation, these products are higher respectively by 11.39% (P < 0.01) and 10.77% (P < 0.05), and in animals of the fourth to sixth lactation, by 20.72% and 22.96%. With the extended lactation activity, the correlation relation between live weight and total milk yield in first-heifers and cows of the second lactation is positive and is, respectively, r = 0.509 and 0.202. Instead, in cows of the third-sixth lactation, such the relation is negative and r = 0.339–0.163. In general, lactation animals of all ages are characterized by satisfactory adaptive properties: in cows in the fourth to fifth lactation, the adaptation index is on average –8.7 ± 0.34 units; in animals of the second-third lactation –
{"title":"Realization of the genetic potential of milk productivity of Holstein cows for an extended lactation period","authors":"A. Honchar, I. Pishchan, L. Lytvyschenko, S. Pishchan","doi":"10.32819/2019.71022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2019.71022","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Honchar, A. O., Pishchan, I. S., Lytvyschenko, L. O., & Pishchan, S.G. (2019). Realization of the genetic potential of milk productivity of Holstein cows for an extended lactation period. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 120‒125. doi: 10.32819/2019.71022 Abstract. The intensive conditions of industrial milk production require animals with a strong constitution and health, in order to maintain high levels of productivity and reproduction over a long period of time. The aim of the research was to determine the peculiarities of realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity by cows during commercial exploitation in the industrial complex. An experimental part of the research was conducted on the industrial complex for the production of milk of Holstein breed cows of private JSC “Agro-Soyuz” (Ukraine) on healthy animals, which were formed in six groups from the first to the sixth lactation. With the intensive technology of exploitation in the industrial complex, the lactation activity of first-heifers and full-age cows varies within the range of 439.6–446.7 days, and the calving-to-calving interval is 497.3–506.3 days. At the same time, the relatively low milk productivity is characterized by first-heifers, in which the milk yield is 9,439.2 kg of physical or 9,091.6 kg of 4% milk, whereas in animals of the second lactation, these indicators are higher respectively by 10.03% (P < 0.05) and 11.17% (P < 0.01). In the fourth lactation observed further increase of milk yield, reaching the level of 11,725.3 kg of physical or 11,455.4 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the index of cows at third lactation, respectively, by 10.96% and 11.72%. Substantially higher milk productivity in cows at fifth lactation is 11,960.0 kg of physical or 11,833.9 kg of 4% milk, which is higher than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 12.70% and 14.54%. The highest milk yield have Holstein cows in the sixth lactation – 12,071.1 kg of physical or 11,919.9 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 13.51% (P < 0.001) and 15.16% (P < 0.001). The production of milk butter and protein is the lowest in first-heifers and is an average of 661.2 kg. In animals of the second and third lactation, these products are higher respectively by 11.39% (P < 0.01) and 10.77% (P < 0.05), and in animals of the fourth to sixth lactation, by 20.72% and 22.96%. With the extended lactation activity, the correlation relation between live weight and total milk yield in first-heifers and cows of the second lactation is positive and is, respectively, r = 0.509 and 0.202. Instead, in cows of the third-sixth lactation, such the relation is negative and r = 0.339–0.163. In general, lactation animals of all ages are characterized by satisfactory adaptive properties: in cows in the fourth to fifth lactation, the adaptation index is on average –8.7 ± 0.34 units; in animals of the second-third lactation –","PeriodicalId":33793,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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