Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510273
Rana Muhammad Sohaib;Syed Tariq Shah;Poonam Yadav
The demands of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in “NextG” cellular networks necessitate innovative approaches for efficient resource utilization. The current literature on 6G O-RAN primarily addresses improved mobile broadband (eMBB) performance or URLLC latency optimization individually, often neglecting the intricate balance required to optimize both simultaneously under practical constraints. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a DRL-based resource allocation framework integrated with meta-learning to manage eMBB and URLLC services adaptively. Our approach efficiently allocates heterogeneous network resources, aiming to maximize energy efficiency (EE) while minimizing URLLC latency, even under varying environmental conditions. We highlight the critical importance of accurately estimating the traffic distribution flow in the multi-connectivity (MC) scenario, as its uncertainty can significantly degrade EE. The proposed framework demonstrates superior adaptability across different path loss models, outperforming traditional methods and paving the way for more resilient and efficient 6G networks.
{"title":"Towards Resilient 6G O-RAN: An Energy-Efficient URLLC Resource Allocation Framework","authors":"Rana Muhammad Sohaib;Syed Tariq Shah;Poonam Yadav","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510273","url":null,"abstract":"The demands of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in “NextG” cellular networks necessitate innovative approaches for efficient resource utilization. The current literature on 6G O-RAN primarily addresses improved mobile broadband (eMBB) performance or URLLC latency optimization individually, often neglecting the intricate balance required to optimize both simultaneously under practical constraints. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a DRL-based resource allocation framework integrated with meta-learning to manage eMBB and URLLC services adaptively. Our approach efficiently allocates heterogeneous network resources, aiming to maximize energy efficiency (EE) while minimizing URLLC latency, even under varying environmental conditions. We highlight the critical importance of accurately estimating the traffic distribution flow in the multi-connectivity (MC) scenario, as its uncertainty can significantly degrade EE. The proposed framework demonstrates superior adaptability across different path loss models, outperforming traditional methods and paving the way for more resilient and efficient 6G networks.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7701-7714"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10772596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510535
Stephen N. Jenkins;Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny
An iterative maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector is presented. We take note that to develop a low-complexity detector one should first obtain a list of candidate samples of the transmitted data symbols that closely match with the received signal. Here, for the list generation, we expand on a recently proposed stochastic sampling method. Two methods are developed and demonstrated. The first method, called single list stochastic list generator (SL-SLG), generates a list at the first iteration of the turbo loop, i.e., without the benefit of any a priori knowledge, and used throughout the iterative detection process. The second method, called update list stochastic list generator (UL-SLG), updates the list after each iteration using the a priori information provided by the channel decoder. The effectiveness of these stochastically generated lists are benchmarked against the celebrated method of K-best. Extensive computer simulations, using real-world MIMO channels, reveal that the proposed method outperforms the K-best method, when the system parameters are set for the same list size. It is also noted that whereas the list generation method in K-best follows a sequential approach, the stochastic sampling method proposed in this paper is tailored towards a parallel implementation, which, helps in reducing the detector latency significantly.
提出了一种迭代最大后验（MAP）多输入多输出（MIMO）检测器。我们注意到，要开发一个低复杂度检测器，首先应该获得与接收信号密切匹配的传输数据符号的候选样本列表。这里，对于列表生成，我们扩展了最近提出的随机抽样方法。开发并演示了两种方法。第一种方法称为单列表随机列表生成器（single list stochastic list generator, SL-SLG），它在涡轮循环的第一次迭代时生成一个列表，即不需要任何先验知识，并在整个迭代检测过程中使用。第二种方法称为更新列表随机列表生成器（UL-SLG），它在每次迭代后使用信道解码器提供的先验信息更新列表。这些随机生成的列表的有效性是根据著名的K-best方法进行基准测试的。大量的计算机模拟，使用真实世界的MIMO信道，表明当系统参数设置为相同的列表大小时，所提出的方法优于K-best方法。还需要注意的是，K-best中的列表生成方法遵循顺序方法，而本文提出的随机抽样方法则针对并行实现进行了定制，这有助于显着减少检测器延迟。
{"title":"Stochastic List Generator for Iterative MIMO Detection","authors":"Stephen N. Jenkins;Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3510535","url":null,"abstract":"An iterative maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector is presented. We take note that to develop a low-complexity detector one should first obtain a list of candidate samples of the transmitted data symbols that closely match with the received signal. Here, for the list generation, we expand on a recently proposed stochastic sampling method. Two methods are developed and demonstrated. The first method, called single list stochastic list generator (SL-SLG), generates a list at the first iteration of the turbo loop, i.e., without the benefit of any a priori knowledge, and used throughout the iterative detection process. The second method, called update list stochastic list generator (UL-SLG), updates the list after each iteration using the a priori information provided by the channel decoder. The effectiveness of these stochastically generated lists are benchmarked against the celebrated method of K-best. Extensive computer simulations, using real-world MIMO channels, reveal that the proposed method outperforms the K-best method, when the system parameters are set for the same list size. It is also noted that whereas the list generation method in K-best follows a sequential approach, the stochastic sampling method proposed in this paper is tailored towards a parallel implementation, which, helps in reducing the detector latency significantly.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"452-465"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10772643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508717
Carlos H. Aldana;Koichiro Takamizawa;Shruthi Soora;Connor Kennedy;Morteza Mehrnoush;Jameelia Cook-Ramirez;Chunyu Hu;Andreas F. Molisch
Extended reality (XR) headsets often need to communicate with devices mounted on the body, which could be sensors or computation devices, creating a body area network (BAN). To design reliable communication systems for these purposes, an accurate model for the propagation channel in such a head-centric BAN needs to be established. This paper presents a set of measurements of ultrawideband (UWB) channels of such a BAN when the user is in an indoor office environment. Based on this, we derive a novel model for link gain as a function of the location of the device on the body. This model distinguishes the power received via (i) on-body propagation, (ii) reflections from close-by objects, and (iii) reflections from other parts of the environment. For the on-body and near-by object reflections, we further introduce a new model for the link gain that depends on both the Euclidean distance and the azimuthal positions of the RX antenna elements on the circumference of the body. The measurements and derived models are first motivated by measurements on an RF phantom. Measurements on four human users covering all combinations of male/female and low/high body mass index are then used to parameterize this model.
扩展现实（XR）耳机通常需要与安装在身体上的设备（可能是传感器或计算设备）进行通信，从而创建一个体域网络（BAN）。要为这些目的设计可靠的通信系统，需要为这种以头部为中心的 BAN 建立精确的传播信道模型。本文介绍了一组用户在室内办公环境中使用这种 BAN 时的超宽带 (UWB) 信道测量结果。在此基础上，我们推导出了一个新颖的链路增益模型，它是设备在身体上的位置的函数。该模型区分了通过 (i) 身体传播、(ii) 近距离物体反射和 (iii) 环境其他部分反射接收到的功率。对于人体和近邻物体的反射，我们进一步引入了一个新的链路增益模型，该模型取决于欧几里得距离和 RX 天线元件在人体圆周上的方位角位置。测量结果和推导出的模型首先以射频模型的测量结果为基础。然后，利用对四名男性/女性和低/高身体质量指数组合的人类用户的测量结果，对该模型进行参数化。
{"title":"Body Area Network Channel Measurement and Modeling for Extended-Reality Applications","authors":"Carlos H. Aldana;Koichiro Takamizawa;Shruthi Soora;Connor Kennedy;Morteza Mehrnoush;Jameelia Cook-Ramirez;Chunyu Hu;Andreas F. Molisch","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508717","url":null,"abstract":"Extended reality (XR) headsets often need to communicate with devices mounted on the body, which could be sensors or computation devices, creating a body area network (BAN). To design reliable communication systems for these purposes, an accurate model for the propagation channel in such a head-centric BAN needs to be established. This paper presents a set of measurements of ultrawideband (UWB) channels of such a BAN when the user is in an indoor office environment. Based on this, we derive a novel model for link gain as a function of the location of the device on the body. This model distinguishes the power received via (i) on-body propagation, (ii) reflections from close-by objects, and (iii) reflections from other parts of the environment. For the on-body and near-by object reflections, we further introduce a new model for the link gain that depends on both the Euclidean distance and the azimuthal positions of the RX antenna elements on the circumference of the body. The measurements and derived models are first motivated by measurements on an RF phantom. Measurements on four human users covering all combinations of male/female and low/high body mass index are then used to parameterize this model.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7715-7729"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10771835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509777
Fahri Wisnu Murti;Samad Ali;Matti Latva-Aho
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) can be implemented together with Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) to offer low-cost deployment and bring services closer to end-users. In this paper, the joint orchestration of O-RAN and MEC using a Bayesian deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework is proposed. The framework jointly controls the O-RAN functional splits, O-RAN/MEC computing resource allocation, hosting locations, and data flow routing across geo-distributed platforms. The goal is to minimize the long-term total network operation cost and maximize MEC performance criterion while adapting to varying demands and resource availability. This orchestration problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). However, finding the exact model of the underlying O-RAN/MEC system is impractical since the system shares the same resources, serves heterogeneous demands, and its parameters have non-trivial relationships. Moreover, the formulated MDP results in a large state space with multidimensional discrete actions. To address these challenges, a model-free RL agent based on a combination of Double Deep Q-network (DDQN) with action branching is proposed. Furthermore, an efficient exploration-exploitation strategy under a Bayesian learning framework is leveraged to improve learning performance and expedite convergence. Trace-driven simulations are performed using an O-RAN-compliant model. The results show that our approach is data-efficient (i.e., converges significantly faster), increases the reward by 32% compared to its non-Bayesian version, and outperforms Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient by up to 41%.
{"title":"A Bayesian Framework of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Joint O-RAN/MEC Orchestration","authors":"Fahri Wisnu Murti;Samad Ali;Matti Latva-Aho","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509777","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) can be implemented together with Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) to offer low-cost deployment and bring services closer to end-users. In this paper, the joint orchestration of O-RAN and MEC using a Bayesian deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework is proposed. The framework jointly controls the O-RAN functional splits, O-RAN/MEC computing resource allocation, hosting locations, and data flow routing across geo-distributed platforms. The goal is to minimize the long-term total network operation cost and maximize MEC performance criterion while adapting to varying demands and resource availability. This orchestration problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). However, finding the exact model of the underlying O-RAN/MEC system is impractical since the system shares the same resources, serves heterogeneous demands, and its parameters have non-trivial relationships. Moreover, the formulated MDP results in a large state space with multidimensional discrete actions. To address these challenges, a model-free RL agent based on a combination of Double Deep Q-network (DDQN) with action branching is proposed. Furthermore, an efficient exploration-exploitation strategy under a Bayesian learning framework is leveraged to improve learning performance and expedite convergence. Trace-driven simulations are performed using an O-RAN-compliant model. The results show that our approach is data-efficient (i.e., converges significantly faster), increases the reward by 32% compared to its non-Bayesian version, and outperforms Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient by up to 41%.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7685-7700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10771978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite technology have facilitated a substantial increase in the number of Earth observation (EO) satellites launched. However, transmitting voluminous imagery generated by these EO satellites to the ground still faces the challenges of limited satellite resources and dynamic satellite networks. To address this problem, we propose SEC-DT, a S atellite E dge C omputing (SEC) enabled computation-aware dynamic D ata T ransmission framework for jointly optimizing the routing selection and in-orbit imagery compression adoption. Specifically, we formulate an online optimization problem for concurrently delivering data from multiple EO satellites in a single EO mission, aiming to minimize the overall transmission and computation latency while ensuring the decent quality of the final downloaded data. Then we cast the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process and adopt an augmented multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm to solve this intractable online decision problem. Considering the natural graph structure of the satellite network, we innovatively integrate the graph neural network (GNN) into the MARL algorithm to form a GNN-assisted MARL framework, wherein GNN can capture the enriched semantic information present in satellite topology to achieve the fusion of diverse environmental states, which is beneficial for improving the decision-making effectiveness of agents. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments and ablation studies in various settings based on real-world datasets of StarLink and SkySat constellations. The experimental results have demonstrated the scalability and excellent performance of our algorithm compared with other baseline schemes.
{"title":"SEC-DT: Satellite Edge Computing Enabled Dynamic Data Transmission Based on GNN-Assisted MARL for Earth Observation Missions","authors":"Yuyang Xiao;Zhiwei Zhai;Shuai Yu;Zhenlong Xu;Lin Li;Fei Zhang;Lu Cao;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509440","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite technology have facilitated a substantial increase in the number of Earth observation (EO) satellites launched. However, transmitting voluminous imagery generated by these EO satellites to the ground still faces the challenges of limited satellite resources and dynamic satellite networks. To address this problem, we propose SEC-DT, a \u0000<underline>S</u>\u0000atellite \u0000<underline>E</u>\u0000dge \u0000<underline>C</u>\u0000omputing (SEC) enabled computation-aware dynamic \u0000<underline>D</u>\u0000ata \u0000<underline>T</u>\u0000ransmission framework for jointly optimizing the routing selection and in-orbit imagery compression adoption. Specifically, we formulate an online optimization problem for concurrently delivering data from multiple EO satellites in a single EO mission, aiming to minimize the overall transmission and computation latency while ensuring the decent quality of the final downloaded data. Then we cast the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process and adopt an augmented multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm to solve this intractable online decision problem. Considering the natural graph structure of the satellite network, we innovatively integrate the graph neural network (GNN) into the MARL algorithm to form a GNN-assisted MARL framework, wherein GNN can capture the enriched semantic information present in satellite topology to achieve the fusion of diverse environmental states, which is beneficial for improving the decision-making effectiveness of agents. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments and ablation studies in various settings based on real-world datasets of StarLink and SkySat constellations. The experimental results have demonstrated the scalability and excellent performance of our algorithm compared with other baseline schemes.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"288-301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10771987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which significantly strengthen the wireless channels. In this work, we use BD-RIS for passive multiuser beamforming in multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) systems. Specifically, we design the scattering matrix of BD-RIS to either maximize the sum received signal power at the users following maximum ratio transmission (MRT), or to nullify the interference at the users following zero forcing (ZF). To control the BD-RIS circuit topology complexity, we present the scattering matrix designs for the single/group/fully-connected BD-RIS architectures. Furthermore, we investigate uniform/optimized power allocation and ZF precoding at the base station (BS). Numerical results show that BD-RIS improves the interference nulling capability and sum rate with fewer reflecting elements (REs) compared to D-RIS. In addition, at moderate to high signal to noise ratios (SNRs), passive interference nulling reduces the complexity at the BS by relaxing the need for precoding or water-filling power allocation design. Furthermore, the passive MRT with ZF precoding achieves a tight sum rate performance to the joint design considering MU-MISO scenarios with many REs while maintaining low computational complexity and simplifying the channel estimation.
{"title":"Beyond Diagonal RIS: Passive Maximum Ratio Transmission and Interference Nulling Enabler","authors":"Hamad Yahya;Hongyu Li;Matteo Nerini;Bruno Clerckx;Mérouane Debbah","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509220","url":null,"abstract":"beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which significantly strengthen the wireless channels. In this work, we use BD-RIS for passive multiuser beamforming in multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) systems. Specifically, we design the scattering matrix of BD-RIS to either maximize the sum received signal power at the users following maximum ratio transmission (MRT), or to nullify the interference at the users following zero forcing (ZF). To control the BD-RIS circuit topology complexity, we present the scattering matrix designs for the single/group/fully-connected BD-RIS architectures. Furthermore, we investigate uniform/optimized power allocation and ZF precoding at the base station (BS). Numerical results show that BD-RIS improves the interference nulling capability and sum rate with fewer reflecting elements (REs) compared to D-RIS. In addition, at moderate to high signal to noise ratios (SNRs), passive interference nulling reduces the complexity at the BS by relaxing the need for precoding or water-filling power allocation design. Furthermore, the passive MRT with ZF precoding achieves a tight sum rate performance to the joint design considering MU-MISO scenarios with many REs while maintaining low computational complexity and simplifying the channel estimation.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7613-7627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10771739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we study a autonomous aerial vehicle (AAV) inspection system. In this system, the AAV flies to all inspection points in a certain area for patrol inspection, and the energy of inspection AAV is limited. Our goal is to optimize the communication quality of the AAV by planning the inspection sequence and flight trajectory, so as to ensure that the AAV can complete the inspection task and minimize the outage time subject to limited energy of the AAV. To solve this problem, we propose a hybrid algorithm, which consists of simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and Dueling Double Deep Q Network (D3QN) algorithm. The SA algorithm is used to obtain the inspection sequence of the AAV with the most energy saving. On this basis, the D3QN algorithm is used to optimize the flight trajectory of the energy-limited inspection AAV. To prove the effectiveness of the sub-optimal solution obtained by our proposed algorithm, we use several algorithms as a comparison. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in optimizing the communication quality of the inspection AAV with limited energy, and its performance is improved by about 15%-50% compared with other benchmarks.
本文研究了一种自主飞行器（AAV）检测系统。在该系统中，AAV会飞到一定区域内的所有检查点进行巡逻检查，并且检查AAV的能量是有限的。我们的目标是通过规划AAV的检查顺序和飞行轨迹来优化AAV的通信质量，在AAV能量有限的情况下，确保AAV能够完成检查任务并最大限度地减少停机时间。为了解决这一问题，我们提出了一种混合算法，该算法由模拟退火（SA）算法和Dueling Double Deep Q Network （D3QN）算法组成。采用SA算法得到最节能的AAV检测序列。在此基础上，采用D3QN算法对能量受限型无人侦察机的飞行轨迹进行优化。为了证明本文算法得到的次优解的有效性，我们用几种算法进行了比较。数值结果表明，该算法在有限能量条件下能有效地优化检测AAV的通信质量，性能比其他基准测试提高15% ~ 50%左右。
{"title":"Optimization of Communication Quality for Energy-Limited Inspection AAV: A Hybrid Algorithm","authors":"Wei Wang;Jiangling Cao;Dingcheng Yang;Hao He;Zhihai Xu","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507818","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study a autonomous aerial vehicle (AAV) inspection system. In this system, the AAV flies to all inspection points in a certain area for patrol inspection, and the energy of inspection AAV is limited. Our goal is to optimize the communication quality of the AAV by planning the inspection sequence and flight trajectory, so as to ensure that the AAV can complete the inspection task and minimize the outage time subject to limited energy of the AAV. To solve this problem, we propose a hybrid algorithm, which consists of simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and Dueling Double Deep Q Network (D3QN) algorithm. The SA algorithm is used to obtain the inspection sequence of the AAV with the most energy saving. On this basis, the D3QN algorithm is used to optimize the flight trajectory of the energy-limited inspection AAV. To prove the effectiveness of the sub-optimal solution obtained by our proposed algorithm, we use several algorithms as a comparison. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in optimizing the communication quality of the inspection AAV with limited energy, and its performance is improved by about 15%-50% compared with other benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7900-7912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508463
José David Vega Sánchez;Henry Ramiro Carvajal Mora;Nathaly Verónica Orozco Garzón;F. Javier López-Martínez
Compact Ultramassive Antenna Array (CUMA) is a pioneering paradigm that leverages the flexibility of the Fluid Antenna System (FAS) to enable a simple multiple access scheme for massive connectivity without the need for precoding, power control at the base station or interference mitigation in each user’s equipment. In order to overcome the mathematical intricacy required to analyze their performance, we use an asymptotic matching approach to relax such complexity with remarkable accuracy. First, we analyze the performance of the CUMA network in terms of the outage probability (OP) and the ergodic rate (ER), deriving simple and highly accurate closed-form approximations of the channel statistics. Then, we evaluate the potential of the CUMA scheme to provide secure multi-user communications from a physical layer security perspective. Leveraging a tight approximation to the signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) distribution, we derive closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We observe that the baseline CUMA (without side information processing) exhibits limited performance when eavesdroppers are equipped with a CUMA of the same type. To improve their secure performance, we suggest that a simple imperfect interference cancelation mechanism at the legitimate receiver may substantially increase the secrecy performance. Monte Carlo simulations validate our approximations and demonstrate their accuracy under different CUMA-based scenarios.
{"title":"Reliable and Secure Communications Through Compact Ultra-Massive Antenna Arrays","authors":"José David Vega Sánchez;Henry Ramiro Carvajal Mora;Nathaly Verónica Orozco Garzón;F. Javier López-Martínez","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3508463","url":null,"abstract":"Compact Ultramassive Antenna Array (CUMA) is a pioneering paradigm that leverages the flexibility of the Fluid Antenna System (FAS) to enable a simple multiple access scheme for massive connectivity without the need for precoding, power control at the base station or interference mitigation in each user’s equipment. In order to overcome the mathematical intricacy required to analyze their performance, we use an asymptotic matching approach to relax such complexity with remarkable accuracy. First, we analyze the performance of the CUMA network in terms of the outage probability (OP) and the ergodic rate (ER), deriving simple and highly accurate closed-form approximations of the channel statistics. Then, we evaluate the potential of the CUMA scheme to provide secure multi-user communications from a physical layer security perspective. Leveraging a tight approximation to the signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) distribution, we derive closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We observe that the baseline CUMA (without side information processing) exhibits limited performance when eavesdroppers are equipped with a CUMA of the same type. To improve their secure performance, we suggest that a simple imperfect interference cancelation mechanism at the legitimate receiver may substantially increase the secrecy performance. Monte Carlo simulations validate our approximations and demonstrate their accuracy under different CUMA-based scenarios.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7641-7652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507555
Elena Fernandez-Nino;Juan A. Fraire;Adriano Camps;Joan A. Ruiz-De-Azua
One of the space communications industry’s current focuses is developing high-throughput communication terminals for satellite-to-satellite communication links. Optical inter-satellite links provide high data rates, long-range, and robustness against interferences, and they do not require frequency licensing as radiofrequency communication systems. Nevertheless, as the uncertain location of the receiver is comprised in an area larger than that illuminated by the transmitting laser, the pointing accuracy is a critical element in the success of the optical link establishment and maintenance, requiring a pointing, acquisition, and tracking mechanism. The acquisition process is the most time-consuming of the pointing processes, limiting the time available to send data, especially in highly dynamic networks. This paper focuses on reducing the acquisition time by reducing the initial satellite position uncertainty. To this end, a hybrid system that combines RF and optical technologies in a single communication module is proposed. Whereas the control plane is managed via the RF link to exchange more precise global navigation data, the optical link corresponds to the data plane in which payload data is exchanged. The pointing between two satellites is simulated to analyze its behavior, considering the error of cumulative orbital propagation data and global navigation satellite system data. This work also analyzes the cumulative error produced by the propagation of the TLEs over time. Finally, the results show how a system that relies on the exchange of global navigation satellite system positioning data achieves up to 99.45% better-pointing accuracy than a system that bases positioning data on TLE propagation.
{"title":"RF-Assisted Uncertainty Cone Reduction in Free-Space Optical Inter-Satellite Links","authors":"Elena Fernandez-Nino;Juan A. Fraire;Adriano Camps;Joan A. Ruiz-De-Azua","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507555","url":null,"abstract":"One of the space communications industry’s current focuses is developing high-throughput communication terminals for satellite-to-satellite communication links. Optical inter-satellite links provide high data rates, long-range, and robustness against interferences, and they do not require frequency licensing as radiofrequency communication systems. Nevertheless, as the uncertain location of the receiver is comprised in an area larger than that illuminated by the transmitting laser, the pointing accuracy is a critical element in the success of the optical link establishment and maintenance, requiring a pointing, acquisition, and tracking mechanism. The acquisition process is the most time-consuming of the pointing processes, limiting the time available to send data, especially in highly dynamic networks. This paper focuses on reducing the acquisition time by reducing the initial satellite position uncertainty. To this end, a hybrid system that combines RF and optical technologies in a single communication module is proposed. Whereas the control plane is managed via the RF link to exchange more precise global navigation data, the optical link corresponds to the data plane in which payload data is exchanged. The pointing between two satellites is simulated to analyze its behavior, considering the error of cumulative orbital propagation data and global navigation satellite system data. This work also analyzes the cumulative error produced by the propagation of the TLEs over time. Finally, the results show how a system that relies on the exchange of global navigation satellite system positioning data achieves up to 99.45% better-pointing accuracy than a system that bases positioning data on TLE propagation.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7598-7612"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10769552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507378
Seung-Hoon Park;Tahira Mahboob;Syed Tariq Shah;Mahmoud A. Shawky;Minseok Choi;Min Young Chung
Device-to–device (D2D) communications are based on direct signaling and data transmission within wireless devices. Furthermore, it facilitates mission-critical services for public safety (PS), vehicle-to–vehicle (V2V) or drones. These D2D applications need nationwide coverage across multiple operators. The existing roaming system, however, does not provide sufficient trust for D2D roaming scenarios since the direct link between devices is difficult to monitor in the core network side. Therefore, a novel framework to support D2D roaming is proposed inspired by blockchain-based trust systems. The framework consists of an authentication for D2D user equipment (UE) access, authorization to configure D2D service, and resource pool selection. Also, a dynamic D2D resource pool selection enabled by D2D class awareness is supported. Analytical results show that the proposed dynamic resource pool selection scheme improves capacity in the form of decoding performance.
{"title":"Blockchain-Assisted Dynamic Resource Pool Selection for D2D Roaming Scenarios","authors":"Seung-Hoon Park;Tahira Mahboob;Syed Tariq Shah;Mahmoud A. Shawky;Minseok Choi;Min Young Chung","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3507378","url":null,"abstract":"Device-to–device (D2D) communications are based on direct signaling and data transmission within wireless devices. Furthermore, it facilitates mission-critical services for public safety (PS), vehicle-to–vehicle (V2V) or drones. These D2D applications need nationwide coverage across multiple operators. The existing roaming system, however, does not provide sufficient trust for D2D roaming scenarios since the direct link between devices is difficult to monitor in the core network side. Therefore, a novel framework to support D2D roaming is proposed inspired by blockchain-based trust systems. The framework consists of an authentication for D2D user equipment (UE) access, authorization to configure D2D service, and resource pool selection. Also, a dynamic D2D resource pool selection enabled by D2D class awareness is supported. Analytical results show that the proposed dynamic resource pool selection scheme improves capacity in the form of decoding performance.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7542-7551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10769550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：