Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3455011
Jose L. Agraz;Carlos Agraz;Andrew A. Chen;Charles Rice;Robert S. Pozos;Sven Aelterman;Amanda Tan;Angela N. Viaene;MacLean P. Nasrallah;Parth Sharma;Caleb M. Grenko;Tahsin Kurc;Joel Saltz;Michael D. Feldman;Hamed Akbari;Russell T. Shinohara;Spyridon Bakas;Parker Wilson
In the medical diagnostics domain, pathology and histology are pivotal for the precise identification of diseases. Digital histopathology, enhanced by automation, facilitates the efficient analysis of massive amount of biopsy images produced on a daily basis, streamlining the evaluation process. This study focuses in Stain Color Normalization (SCN) within a Whole-Slide Image (WSI) cohort, aiming to reduce batch biases. Building on published graphical method, this research demonstrates a mathematical population or data-driven method that optimizes the dependency on the number of reference WSIs and corresponding aggregate sums, thereby increasing SCN process efficiency. This method expedites the analysis of color convergence 50-fold by using stain vector Euclidean distance analysis, slashing the requirement for reference WSIs by more than half. The approach is validated through a tripartite methodology: 1) Stain vector euclidean distances analysis, 2) Distance computation timing, and 3) Qualitative and quantitative assessments of SCN across cancer tumors regions of interest. The results validate the performance of data-driven SCN method, thus potential to enhance the precision and reliability of computational pathology analyses. This advancement is poised to enhance diagnostic processes, therapeutic strategies, and patient prognosis.
在医疗诊断领域，病理学和组织学是精确鉴定疾病的关键。通过自动化增强的数字组织病理学有助于高效分析每天产生的大量活检图像，从而简化评估流程。本研究的重点是在全切片图像（WSI）群组中进行染色颜色归一化（SCN），旨在减少批次偏差。在已发表的图形方法基础上，本研究展示了一种数学群体或数据驱动方法，可优化对参考 WSI 数量和相应总和的依赖性，从而提高 SCN 流程的效率。该方法通过使用染色向量欧氏距离分析，将色彩收敛分析的速度提高了 50 倍，对参考 WSI 的要求降低了一半以上。该方法通过以下三方面的方法进行验证：1）染色矢量欧氏距离分析；2）距离计算计时；3）对癌症肿瘤相关区域的 SCN 进行定性和定量评估。结果验证了数据驱动 SCN 方法的性能，从而有望提高计算病理分析的精确度和可靠性。这一进步有望改善诊断过程、治疗策略和患者预后。
{"title":"Optimized Whole-Slide-Image H&E Stain Normalization: A Step Towards Big Data Integration in Digital Pathology","authors":"Jose L. Agraz;Carlos Agraz;Andrew A. Chen;Charles Rice;Robert S. Pozos;Sven Aelterman;Amanda Tan;Angela N. Viaene;MacLean P. Nasrallah;Parth Sharma;Caleb M. Grenko;Tahsin Kurc;Joel Saltz;Michael D. Feldman;Hamed Akbari;Russell T. Shinohara;Spyridon Bakas;Parker Wilson","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3455011","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3455011","url":null,"abstract":"In the medical diagnostics domain, pathology and histology are pivotal for the precise identification of diseases. Digital histopathology, enhanced by automation, facilitates the efficient analysis of massive amount of biopsy images produced on a daily basis, streamlining the evaluation process. This study focuses in Stain Color Normalization (SCN) within a Whole-Slide Image (WSI) cohort, aiming to reduce batch biases. Building on published graphical method, this research demonstrates a mathematical population or data-driven method that optimizes the dependency on the number of reference WSIs and corresponding aggregate sums, thereby increasing SCN process efficiency. This method expedites the analysis of color convergence 50-fold by using stain vector Euclidean distance analysis, slashing the requirement for reference WSIs by more than half. The approach is validated through a tripartite methodology: 1) Stain vector euclidean distances analysis, 2) Distance computation timing, and 3) Qualitative and quantitative assessments of SCN across cancer tumors regions of interest. The results validate the performance of data-driven SCN method, thus potential to enhance the precision and reliability of computational pathology analyses. This advancement is poised to enhance diagnostic processes, therapeutic strategies, and patient prognosis.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2024.3453049
Marissé Masís Solano, Remy Dumas, Mark R Lesk, Santiago Costantino
{"title":"Ocular Biomechanical Responses to Long-Duration Spaceflight","authors":"Marissé Masís Solano, Remy Dumas, Mark R Lesk, Santiago Costantino","doi":"10.1109/ojemb.2024.3453049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojemb.2024.3453049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3454970
Simone Ranaldi;Leonardo Gizzi;Giacomo Severini;Cristiano De Marchis
The characterization, through the concept of muscle synergies, of clinical functional tests is a valid tool that has been widely adopted in the research field. While this theory has been exploited for a description of the motor control strategies underlying the biomechanical task, the biomechanical correlate of the synergistic activity is yet to be fully described. In this paper, the relationship between the activity of different synergies and the center of mass kinematic patterns has been investigated; in particular, a group of healthy subjects has been recruited to perform simple sit-to-stand tasks, and the electromyographic data has been recorded for the extraction of muscle synergies. An optimal model selection criterion has been adopted for dividing the participants by the number of synergies characterizing their own control schema. Synergistic activity has then been mapped onto the phase-space description of the center of mass kinematics, investigating whether a different number of synergies implies the exploration of different region of the phase-space itself. Results show how using an additional motor module allow for a wider trajectory in the phase-space, paving the way for the use of kinematic feedback to stimulate the activity of different synergies, with the aim of defining synergy-based rehabilitation or training protocols.
{"title":"Synergy-Dependent Center-of-Mass Control Strategies During Sit-to-Stand Movements","authors":"Simone Ranaldi;Leonardo Gizzi;Giacomo Severini;Cristiano De Marchis","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3454970","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3454970","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization, through the concept of muscle synergies, of clinical functional tests is a valid tool that has been widely adopted in the research field. While this theory has been exploited for a description of the motor control strategies underlying the biomechanical task, the biomechanical correlate of the synergistic activity is yet to be fully described. In this paper, the relationship between the activity of different synergies and the center of mass kinematic patterns has been investigated; in particular, a group of healthy subjects has been recruited to perform simple sit-to-stand tasks, and the electromyographic data has been recorded for the extraction of muscle synergies. An optimal model selection criterion has been adopted for dividing the participants by the number of synergies characterizing their own control schema. Synergistic activity has then been mapped onto the phase-space description of the center of mass kinematics, investigating whether a different number of synergies implies the exploration of different region of the phase-space itself. Results show how using an additional motor module allow for a wider trajectory in the phase-space, paving the way for the use of kinematic feedback to stimulate the activity of different synergies, with the aim of defining synergy-based rehabilitation or training protocols.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10666157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2024.3454958
Ting-Ruen Wei, Michele Hell, Aren Vierra, Ran Pang, Young Kang, Mahesh Patel, Yuling Yan
{"title":"Breast Cancer Detection on Dual-View Sonography via Data-Centric Deep Learning","authors":"Ting-Ruen Wei, Michele Hell, Aren Vierra, Ran Pang, Young Kang, Mahesh Patel, Yuling Yan","doi":"10.1109/ojemb.2024.3454958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojemb.2024.3454958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goal: To accurately detect infections in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) using photographs taken at the Point of Care (POC). Achieving high performance is critical for preventing complications and amputations, as well as minimizing unnecessary emergency department visits and referrals. Methods: This paper proposes the Guided Conditional Diffusion Classifier (ConDiff). This novel deep-learning framework combines guided image synthesis with a denoising diffusion model and distance-based classification. The process involves (1) generating guided conditional synthetic images by injecting Gaussian noise to a guide (input) image, followed by denoising the noise-perturbed image through a reverse diffusion process, conditioned on infection status and (2) classifying infections based on the minimum Euclidean distance between synthesized images and the original guide image in embedding space. Results: ConDiff demonstrated superior performance with an average accuracy of 81% that outperformed state-of-the-art (SOTA) models by at least 3%. It also achieved the highest sensitivity of 85.4%, which is crucial in clinical domains while significantly improving specificity to 74.4%, surpassing the best SOTA model. Conclusions: ConDiff not only improves the diagnosis of DFU infections but also pioneers the use of generative discriminative models for detailed medical image analysis, offering a promising approach for improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Guided Conditional Diffusion Classifier (ConDiff) for Enhanced Prediction of Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcers","authors":"Palawat Busaranuvong;Emmanuel Agu;Deepak Kumar;Shefalika Gautam;Reza Saadati Fard;Bengisu Tulu;Diane Strong","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3453060","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3453060","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 To accurately detect infections in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) using photographs taken at the Point of Care (POC). Achieving high performance is critical for preventing complications and amputations, as well as minimizing unnecessary emergency department visits and referrals. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 This paper proposes the Guided Conditional Diffusion Classifier (ConDiff). This novel deep-learning framework combines guided image synthesis with a denoising diffusion model and distance-based classification. The process involves (1) generating guided conditional synthetic images by injecting Gaussian noise to a guide (input) image, followed by denoising the noise-perturbed image through a reverse diffusion process, conditioned on infection status and (2) classifying infections based on the minimum Euclidean distance between synthesized images and the original guide image in embedding space. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 ConDiff demonstrated superior performance with an average accuracy of 81% that outperformed state-of-the-art (SOTA) models by at least 3%. It also achieved the highest sensitivity of 85.4%, which is crucial in clinical domains while significantly improving specificity to 74.4%, surpassing the best SOTA model. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 ConDiff not only improves the diagnosis of DFU infections but also pioneers the use of generative discriminative models for detailed medical image analysis, offering a promising approach for improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10663215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a significant health concern, particularly among the elderly, warranting effective treatment strategies. While immunotherapy holds promise in activating the immune response against tumors, its specific impact and associated reactions in EC patients remain uncertain. Precise prognosis prediction becomes crucial for guiding appropriate interventions. This study, based on data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (January 2017 to May 2021), focuses on 113 EC patients undergoing immunotherapy. The primary objectives are to elucidate the effectiveness of immunotherapy in EC treatment and to introduce a stacking ensemble learning method for predicting the survival of EC patients who have undergone immunotherapy, in the context of small sample sizes, addressing the imperative of supporting clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals. Our method incorporates five sub-learners and one meta-learner. Leveraging optimal features from the training dataset, this approach achieved compelling accuracy (89.13%) and AUC (88.83%) in predicting three-year survival status, surpassing conventional techniques. The model proves efficient in guiding clinical decisions, especially in scenarios with small-size follow-up data.
{"title":"Prediction of Survival in Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Immunotherapy Based on Small-Size Follow-Up Data","authors":"Yuhan Su;Chaofeng Huang;Chen Yang;Qin Lin;Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3452983","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3452983","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a significant health concern, particularly among the elderly, warranting effective treatment strategies. While immunotherapy holds promise in activating the immune response against tumors, its specific impact and associated reactions in EC patients remain uncertain. Precise prognosis prediction becomes crucial for guiding appropriate interventions. This study, based on data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (January 2017 to May 2021), focuses on 113 EC patients undergoing immunotherapy. The primary objectives are to elucidate the effectiveness of immunotherapy in EC treatment and to introduce a stacking ensemble learning method for predicting the survival of EC patients who have undergone immunotherapy, in the context of small sample sizes, addressing the imperative of supporting clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals. Our method incorporates five sub-learners and one meta-learner. Leveraging optimal features from the training dataset, this approach achieved compelling accuracy (89.13%) and AUC (88.83%) in predicting three-year survival status, surpassing conventional techniques. The model proves efficient in guiding clinical decisions, especially in scenarios with small-size follow-up data.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10663258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3449548
Giovanni Corvini;Michail Arvanitidis;Deborah Falla;Silvia Conforto
Goal: This study introduces a novel approach to examine the temporal-spatial information derived from High-Density surface Electromyography (HD-sEMG). By integrating and adapting postural control parameters into a framework for the analysis of myoelectrical activity, new metrics to evaluate muscle fatigue progression were proposed, investigating their ability to predict endurance time. Methods: Nine subjects performed a fatiguing isometric contraction of the lumbar erector spinae. Topographical amplitude maps were generated from two HD-sEMG grids. Once identified the coordinates of the muscle activity, novel metrics for quantifying the muscle spatial distribution over time were calculated. Results: Spatial metrics showed significant differences from beginning to end of the contraction, highlighting their ability of characterizing the neuromuscular adaptations in presence of fatigue. Additionally, linear regression models revealed strong correlations between these spatial metrics and endurance time. Conclusions: These innovative metrics can characterize the spatial distribution of muscle activity and predict the time of task failure.
{"title":"Novel Metrics for High-Density sEMG Analysis in the Time–Space Domain During Sustained Isometric Contractions","authors":"Giovanni Corvini;Michail Arvanitidis;Deborah Falla;Silvia Conforto","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3449548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3449548","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 This study introduces a novel approach to examine the temporal-spatial information derived from High-Density surface Electromyography (HD-sEMG). By integrating and adapting postural control parameters into a framework for the analysis of myoelectrical activity, new metrics to evaluate muscle fatigue progression were proposed, investigating their ability to predict endurance time. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 Nine subjects performed a fatiguing isometric contraction of the lumbar erector spinae. Topographical amplitude maps were generated from two HD-sEMG grids. Once identified the coordinates of the muscle activity, novel metrics for quantifying the muscle spatial distribution over time were calculated. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 Spatial metrics showed significant differences from beginning to end of the contraction, highlighting their ability of characterizing the neuromuscular adaptations in presence of fatigue. Additionally, linear regression models revealed strong correlations between these spatial metrics and endurance time. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 These innovative metrics can characterize the spatial distribution of muscle activity and predict the time of task failure.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10646524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3444428
Samiul Alam;Md. Rafiul Amin;Rose T. Faghih
Presents corrections to the article “Sparse Multichannel Decomposition of Electrodermal Activity With Physiological Priors”.
提出对文章 "Sparse Multichannel Decomposition of Electrodermal Activity With Physiological Priors "的更正。
{"title":"Corrections to “Sparse Multichannel Decomposition of Electrodermal Activity With Physiological Priors”","authors":"Samiul Alam;Md. Rafiul Amin;Rose T. Faghih","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3444428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3444428","url":null,"abstract":"Presents corrections to the article “Sparse Multichannel Decomposition of Electrodermal Activity With Physiological Priors”.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10646596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3428898
Marianna Laviola
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Section on Computational Modeling and Digital Twin Technology in Biomedical Engineering","authors":"Marianna Laviola","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3428898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3428898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3438562
Enrico Mattana;Matteo Bruno Lodi;Marco Simone;Giuseppe Mazzarella;Alessandro Fanti
THz radiationeffectively probes biological tissue water content due to its high sensibility to polar molecules. Skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), both rich in water, have been extensively studied in the THz range. Typically, the Double Debye model is used to study their dielectric permittivity. This work focuses on the viability of the multipole Cole-Cole model as an alternative dielectric model. To determine the best fit parameters, we used a genetic algorithm-based approach, solving a least squares problem. Compared with the Double Debye model, a maximum reduction of the RMSE value up to more than 50% and maximum relative percentage errors of 2.8% have been measured for both second and third order Cole-Cole models. Since the errors of the second and third order Cole-Cole models are similar, a two-poles model is enough to describe the behaviour both tissues from 0.2 THz to 2 THz.
{"title":"Cole–Cole Model for the Dielectric Characterization of Healthy Skin and Basal Cell Carcinoma at THz Frequencies","authors":"Enrico Mattana;Matteo Bruno Lodi;Marco Simone;Giuseppe Mazzarella;Alessandro Fanti","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3438562","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3438562","url":null,"abstract":"THz radiationeffectively probes biological tissue water content due to its high sensibility to polar molecules. Skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), both rich in water, have been extensively studied in the THz range. Typically, the Double Debye model is used to study their dielectric permittivity. This work focuses on the viability of the multipole Cole-Cole model as an alternative dielectric model. To determine the best fit parameters, we used a genetic algorithm-based approach, solving a least squares problem. Compared with the Double Debye model, a maximum reduction of the RMSE value up to more than 50% and maximum relative percentage errors of 2.8% have been measured for both second and third order Cole-Cole models. Since the errors of the second and third order Cole-Cole models are similar, a two-poles model is enough to describe the behaviour both tissues from 0.2 THz to 2 THz.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10623268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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