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Reflections regarding lost gravestone of Serbian Princess Brnča, the daughter of King Uroš the First and Helen Comnen Courtnee of Anjou 关于塞尔维亚公主brn<e:1>的墓碑丢失的思考,她是国王乌洛什一世和安茹的海伦·科米恩·考特尼的女儿
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-35665
Živojin R. Andrejić
Princess Brnča, daughter of king Uroš the First and his second wife Helen Comnen Courtne Anjou(from his previous marriage he had a son, Stefan), whose existence was unknown to historical sources, can be only noticed on portrait in frescos of lineage of dinasty of Stefan Nemanja in monasteries of Gračanica, Dečani and Patriarchate of Peć. Although she is nowhere presented as a nun, there is presumption that she became a nun and that she was buried in the Monastery of Gradac, which is the foundation of her mother Helen Of Anjou. Hungarian sources testifiy that King Uroš The First had a son in law, whose name was unknown to history (the son of Serbian great penitentiary), and Josif Tronožac claimed that the king had two daughters. There is a fact that Brnča was married to a certain mayor Đorđe, as well as the presumption that she was born around 1253. Newly discovered signature on the gravestone found in church of St. George, belonging to deserted and vanished, monastery Kastaljani, on the slopes of Kosmaj mountin, near Mladenovac, serves as a testemony that this church was built by King Milutin in 1303, and that Brnča was buried there in 1306. This fact serves to reject completely all assumptions that are without any physical evidence that princess Brnca was a nun and that she was buried in the monastery of Gradac. Knowing this, it can be concluded that the church of St. George was built on the land that belonged to Princess Brnča and her husband, Mayor Đorđe, in the state of her brother, The king of Srem, Dragutin. The church must have stareted being built before war conflicts between brothers, kings Milutin and Dragutin, around 1303 and 1304, and the other daughter of King Uroš The First, whose name remains unknown, is buried in the monastery of Gradac with her mother, Helen of Anjou.
公主brn,国王乌罗什一世和他的第二任妻子海伦的女儿Comnen Courtne Anjou(从他之前的婚姻中,他有一个儿子,斯特凡),其存在是未知的历史资料,只能在格拉阿尼察,德阿尼和佩奇牧首的修道院的斯蒂芬涅曼贾王朝血统的壁画肖像上被注意到。虽然她没有以修女的身份出现,但有人推测她成为了修女,并被埋葬在格拉达克修道院,这是她母亲安茹的海伦的基础。匈牙利的消息来源证实,国王乌洛什一世有一个女婿,他的名字在历史上是未知的(塞尔维亚大监狱的儿子),而约瑟夫Tronožac声称国王有两个女儿。有一个事实是,brn嫁给了某个市长Đorđe,以及她出生于1253年左右的假设。在姆拉德诺瓦茨附近科斯马吉山山坡上的圣乔治教堂的墓碑上发现了新发现的签名,该教堂属于废弃和消失的Kastaljani修道院,可以证明这座教堂是由米卢廷国王于1303年建造的,而brn于1306年被埋葬在那里。这一事实完全否定了所有没有任何物理证据的假设,即Brnca公主是一名修女,她被埋葬在格拉达克修道院。知道了这一点,我们可以得出结论,圣乔治教堂是建在属于公主brn和她的丈夫,市长Đorđe的土地上,在她的哥哥,斯雷姆国王,德拉古丁的国家。这座教堂一定是在米卢廷国王和德拉古廷国王之间的战争冲突之前开始建造的,大约在1303年和1304年,国王乌洛什一世的另一个女儿,她的名字仍然未知,和她的母亲安茹的海伦一起被埋葬在格拉达克修道院。
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引用次数: 0
The approach of Pavel Florensky to the fundamental cognitive and linguistic categories 帕维尔·弗洛伦斯基对基本认知范畴和语言范畴的研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-36955
T. Ašić
In this paper we try to discover how a Russian philosopher Pavel Florensky defines and analyses the nature of words, sentences and concepts in order to represent the mechanism of human thinking. He accentuates the relation between individual and collective experience that both participate in the creation of concepts. We show that in his view word semantics is dynamic phenomenon because its basic features are determined by general meanings that we acquire through Language but that we expand and modify them through our personal perception of reality. Florensky insists on the role of context in the interpretation of lexemes and states that this contributes to the economy and creativity of Language. We also explain the difference between what he calls spiritual and verbal communication. Finally, we compare the ideas of this philosopher with the findings of modern linguistic and cognitive theories and demonstrate to which extent they converge (and prove that he scientifically was ahead of his time) and to which extent they are specific and non-transparent, because they are marked by his theological approach to human beings and their most important gift - the faculty of language.
本文试图揭示俄国哲学家帕维尔·弗洛伦斯基如何界定和分析词、句和概念的本质,以反映人类思维的机制。他强调了参与概念创造的个人和集体经验之间的关系。在他看来,词语语义是一种动态现象,因为它的基本特征是由我们通过语言获得的一般意义决定的,但我们通过个人对现实的感知来扩展和修改它们。弗洛伦斯基坚持语境在词汇解释中的作用,认为语境有助于语言的经济性和创造性。我们还解释了他所说的精神交流和语言交流之间的区别。最后,我们将这位哲学家的观点与现代语言学和认知理论的发现进行比较,并证明他们在多大程度上趋同(并证明他在科学上领先于他的时代),以及在多大程度上是具体的和不透明的,因为这些观点以他对人类及其最重要的天赋——语言能力的神学方法为标志。
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引用次数: 0
Yugoslav army in the homeland radio communication system 南斯拉夫军队在祖国的无线电通信系统
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-35820
R. Ristanović, Miloš Čorbić
After a short war in April 1941 Kingdom of Yugoslavia was occupied by Axis forces. Soon after, in May 1941 small group of free Yugoslav army soldiers and officers under the leadership of Colonel Dragoljub Mihailović formed a resistance movement on mountain Suvobor, Ravna Gora plateau, in western Serbia. One of the main problems and tasks of the army, especially the resistance group, was establishing a system of internal and external communication. Yugoslav Army in the Homeland came up with the solutions for the organization of its communication system via communication systems of the pre-war Yugoslav army and the Ministry of foreign affairs. By the end of World War One and the creation of Yugoslavia, the country's military created a system of internal communication which development depended on the economic situation in the country and its diplomatic relations with the great forces. The main difficulties for the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland radio-communication system were lack of equipment and materials for radio communication devices and a small number of people on occupied territory capable of using radio devices. Considering that this organization worked during the Axis occupation, counterintelligence operations of enemy armies, primarily German intelligence, made conducting successful operations even more complex for members of the Ravna Gora movement.
不久之后,1941年5月,一小群南斯拉夫自由军士兵和军官在德拉戈朱布·米哈伊洛维奇上校的领导下,在塞尔维亚西部拉夫纳戈拉高原的苏沃博尔山上发起了抵抗运动。军队,特别是抵抗组织的主要问题和任务之一是建立一个内部和外部通信系统。南斯拉夫本土军通过战前南斯拉夫军队和外交部的通讯系统,提出了组织其通讯系统的解决办法。到第一次世界大战结束和南斯拉夫成立时,该国的军队建立了一个内部通信系统,其发展取决于该国的经济状况及其与大国的外交关系。南斯拉夫军队在国土无线电通信系统方面的主要困难是缺乏无线电通信设备的设备和材料,以及被占领土上有能力使用无线电设备的少数人。
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引用次数: 0
Types of direct speech in Dobrica Ćosić's novel 'The roots' 多布里卡Ćosić小说《根》中的直接引语类型
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-36011
Svetlana Vuksanović, Minja S. Radonja
The paper discusses the specific methods of forming the direct speech in Dobrica Ćosić's novel The Roots. In order to describe the speech diversity of the novel and to make the systematic survey of all the syntactic constructions with direct speech, the linguo-stylistic methods are employed. Although The Roots are primarily associated with internal monologue as a dominant form of narrative, the paper will show that the direct discourse plays an important role in Dobrica Ćosić's novel, with its own individual characteristics, due to the fact that the phenomenon of communication is based on dialogue, while the true nature of reported and reporting discourse is dialogical as well.
本文探讨了多布里卡Ćosić小说《根》中直接引语的具体构成方法。为了描述小说的言语多样性,系统地考察小说中所有带有直接言语的句法结构,本文采用了语言文体学的方法。虽然《根》主要与作为主要叙事形式的内心独白联系在一起,但本文将表明,直接话语在多布里卡Ćosić的小说中扮演着重要的角色,具有自己的个性特征,因为传播现象是以对话为基础的,而报道和报道话语的真实本质也是对话的。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive behaviour in children with developmental disorders 发育障碍儿童的适应行为
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-36083
Slađana Ćalasan, Bojana Drljan
Adaptive behaviour is defined as a set of conceptual, social and practical skills that are learned and used in everyday life. Assessment of adaptive behaviour is an indispensable part in the identification and classification of intellectual disabilities, but also an important indicator of the development of children with other developmental disorders and children of typical development. The sample was divided into three groups: children with specific language impairment (SLI), children with mild intellectual disability (MID) and children with typical development (TD). The Adaptive Behaviour Diagnostic Scale (ABDS; Pearson, Patton, Mruzek 2016) was used to assess adaptive skills. The objectives of the study were to compare the levels of mastery of adaptive skills in children with SLI, MID and TD children, as well as to examine the impact of each of the individual domains (conceptual, social and practical) on the overall score of adaptive behaviour. The research results showed that children with SLI and MID have significantly poorer achievements compared to TD children. However, although children with SLI have poor performance, the results showed that adaptive skills of these children are significantly better compared to children with MID. Regresion analysis showed that conceptual skills are the best predictor of adaptive behaviour in TD children, while social skills are the best predictor of adaptive behaviour in both children with SLI and children with MID.
适应性行为被定义为在日常生活中学习和使用的一系列概念、社会和实践技能。适应行为的评估是智力障碍识别和分类中不可缺少的一部分,也是其他发育障碍儿童和典型发育儿童发展的重要指标。样本分为三组:特殊语言障碍儿童(SLI)、轻度智力障碍儿童(MID)和典型发育儿童(TD)。适应行为诊断量表;Pearson, Patton, Mruzek 2016)用于评估适应性技能。本研究的目的是比较特殊语言障碍儿童、中等障碍儿童和弱智儿童对适应技能的掌握水平,以及检查每个单独领域(概念、社会和实践)对适应行为总分的影响。研究结果表明,与TD儿童相比,患有特殊语言障碍和中等障碍儿童的成绩明显较差。然而,虽然特殊语言障碍儿童表现不佳,但结果显示,这些儿童的适应技能明显优于中等障碍儿童,回归分析表明,概念技能是障碍儿童适应行为的最佳预测因子,而社交技能是特殊语言障碍儿童和中等障碍儿童适应行为的最佳预测因子。
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引用次数: 0
The shame of the Woman on the Rock 磐石上女人的耻辱
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-37121
Jasmina Ahmetagić
Through its focus on the stream of thoughts of Marta L, overwhelmed by worry over the obvious signs of aging, Andrić's story The Woman on the Rock naturally encourages psychological interpretations. While challenging a psychoanalytic reading, we interpret The Woman on the Rock within the context of Jung's analytical psychology, employing the concept of archetypes, primarily the shadow, the persona, and the animus. We have pointed to Marta's grandiose self, the compensatory quality of her memories, as well as her ego ideal and the realization of her persona's inevitable adaptation. We dedicated a special section to her shame, which hasn't been given attention in literary science so far. The aging-related shame ongoing in the protagonist's stream of thought is connected with the shame she felt at the threshold of girlhood in front of others, in an episode that has an evident erotic connotation. Although the story illuminates Marta's relationships with the important men in her life, the key relationship in this story is Marta's relationship with herself and her body: the protagonist is preoccupied with self-evaluation, in a tumultuous, but just as necessary process of revalorizing her self assessment criteria. Marta is a typical father's daughter, who hasn't developed her female side because feminine qualities hadn't been affirmed in her raising. Hence she views her body through the eyes of a strict and judgmental animus, formed in great measure by her father's figure.
安德里奇的故事《岩石上的女人》聚焦于玛尔塔·L对明显衰老迹象的担忧,自然而然地鼓励了心理解读。在挑战精神分析阅读的同时,我们在荣格分析心理学的背景下解读《岩石上的女人》,采用原型的概念,主要是影子、人物和男性意向。我们指出了玛尔塔的浮夸自我,她的记忆的补偿性,以及她的自我理想和她的人格不可避免的适应的实现。我们专门为她的耻辱设立了一个专区,这在文学科学中还没有得到重视。在主人公的思想流中,与年龄相关的羞耻感与她在进入少女时代时在别人面前感受到的羞耻感联系在一起,这一集有明显的情色内涵。虽然这个故事阐明了玛尔塔与她生命中重要的男人的关系,但这个故事的关键关系是玛尔塔与自己和她的身体的关系:主人公在一个混乱的,但也是必要的重新评估她的自我评估标准的过程中,忙于自我评估。玛尔塔是一个典型的父亲的女儿,她没有发展出女性的一面,因为在她的成长过程中,女性的特质没有得到肯定。因此,她用一种严厉的、批判的敌意来看待自己的身体,这种敌意在很大程度上是由她父亲的身材形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers experiences in relation to online teaching/learning during the Covid-19 pandemic 教师在Covid-19大流行期间在线教学/学习的经验
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-36185
Milena Vidosavljević
The current Covid-19 pandemic has completely changed the life of modern society and many of its segments. Undoubtedly, it influenced the entire education and the format of teaching so the online teaching and learning have become the most valuable tools in the emergency situation we are currently in. In this regard, the paper emphasizes, first of all, the explanation of online teaching and learning, the review of distance learning during the pandemic, as well as a brief overview of previous domestic and foreign researches on this topic. In order to research how the teachers coped in this situation, what are their experiences with online teaching, a research was conducted with foreign language teachers on the territory of Serbia. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, research methods are presented, as well as the results of a survey and interviews with foreign language teachers. The results showed that as the benefits of online teaching, teachers singled out the ease of preparation of classes, students' interest in teaching, increased quality of teaching materials, the possibility of faster and easier access to materials. On the other hand, the shortcomings of this type of teaching include insufficiently developed digital literacy of teachers, student workload, lack of time, technical equipment, poor internet connection and inability to control student work.
当前的新冠肺炎大流行彻底改变了现代社会及其许多阶层的生活。毫无疑问,它影响了整个教育和教学形式,因此在线教学已经成为我们目前所处的紧急情况下最有价值的工具。对此,本文首先强调对网络教与学的解释,对疫情期间远程学习的回顾,并对以往国内外对此课题的研究进行简要综述。为了研究教师如何应对这种情况,以及他们在在线教学方面的经验,我们对塞尔维亚境内的外语教师进行了一项研究。因此,在论文的第二部分,提出了研究方法,以及对外语教师的调查和访谈结果。结果显示,作为在线教学的好处,教师们挑选了易于备课,学生对教学的兴趣,提高了教材的质量,更快更容易地获取材料的可能性。另一方面,这种教学方式的缺点是教师的数字素养不高,学生的工作量大,缺乏时间和技术设备,网络连接差,无法控制学生的作业。
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引用次数: 1
Criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina on terrorism 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那关于恐怖主义的刑事立法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-37375
Milanko Aladžić, Marina Mijatović
In this paper, we focus on terrorism through the criminal legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the existing scientific fund, professional literature, various organizations, institutions, political entities, there is not a sufficient degree of agreement to be able to form a court that there is, in general, a generally accepted definition of terrorism. On the other hand, given the various activities and actions, results, effects and consequences of terrorist organizations and terrorists, we must state that there is a very high degree of agreement, that terrorism is one of the biggest security and security threats today. The growing increase in terrorist actions and threats has led to the implementation of new legislative norms in order to better counter terrorism. Organized crime at the international level and terrorist activities increasingly require the connection of states, international organizations through Conventions, Resolutions or Laws. Terrorism acts ambivalently and as a threat to the stability of society, states and their development on a global level. The expansion of terrorism over time has surprised many organizations, institutions, whose goal is to preserve security, where the need for reforms has arisen. Through the laws in Bosnia and Herzegovina, we will see how the legislator has solved the issue of terrorism and what are the consequences for those who do not adhere to them.
本文主要通过波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的刑事立法来探讨恐怖主义问题。在现有的科学基金、专业文献、各种组织、机构、政治实体中,没有足够程度的一致意见,无法形成一个普遍接受的恐怖主义定义。另一方面,鉴于恐怖组织和恐怖分子的各种活动和行动、结果、影响和后果,我们必须声明,人们高度一致认为,恐怖主义是当今最大的安全和安全威胁之一。恐怖主义行动和威胁的日益增加导致实施新的立法规范,以便更好地打击恐怖主义。国际一级的有组织犯罪和恐怖主义活动越来越需要通过公约、决议或法律将国家、国际组织联系起来。恐怖主义的行为是矛盾的,在全球范围内对社会、国家的稳定及其发展构成威胁。随着时间的推移,恐怖主义的扩张使许多组织和机构感到惊讶,这些组织和机构的目标是维护安全,因此需要进行改革。通过波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那的法律,我们将看到立法者如何解决恐怖主义问题,以及对那些不遵守这些法律的人的后果是什么。
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引用次数: 0
The secret of the London contract from 1915 1915年伦敦合同的秘密
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-33457
Branko Nadoveza
The Treaty of London of April 1915 was primarily provided for an expansion of Italy and its access to the Entente and a break with the Central Powers. The Treaty of London did not mention the creation of a "Greater Serbia", but what Italy will gain and what will remain for Serbia and Yugoslavian peoples within Austria-Hungary. Bulgaria and its compensations in Macedonia are especially included in that agreement, to the detriment of Serbia. The Treaty of London was secret and was therefore rejected in Versailles. Its ideas were only partially realized. It was an important military, political and moral issue. The ideas of the Treaty of London were a subject of speculation.
1915年4月的《伦敦条约》主要是为意大利的扩张和加入协约国以及与同盟国的决裂提供了条件。《伦敦条约》没有提到建立一个“大塞尔维亚”,而是提到意大利将得到什么,以及奥匈帝国内塞尔维亚和南斯拉夫人民将剩下什么。保加利亚及其在马其顿的赔偿特别包括在该协定中,对塞尔维亚不利。《伦敦条约》是秘密的,因此在凡尔赛被拒绝了。它的想法只是部分实现了。这是一个重要的军事、政治和道德问题。《伦敦条约》的思想是人们猜测的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Frequent occurring forms of internet frauds 网络诈骗的多发形式
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina32-35814
Đorđe Milošević
The increase in the volume of electronic transactions has led to the need to strengthen data protection against criminal activities in the online environment. The author emphasizes that the perpetrators' goal is of a lucrative nature, might be gotten by disrupting the information system too, as well as offenders can be both individuals and legal persons. The profile of a cybercrime criminal, in general, implies excellent knowledge of digital proceedings, experience of acting in the online environment and active performing of information technology skills. The Internet has become an integral part of today's way of life, which is why the scope of criminal activities in this worldwide network for communication and data exchange is constantly expanding. The author deems this as the reason for the growing need to strengthen information security, which he determines as the practical implementing of measures to protect data from external influences in the online environment. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the Internet frauds' frequency from 2016 to 2020, in order to show the real intensity of this modern kind of criminal threat.
电子交易数量的增加,导致需要加强数据保护,防止网上环境中的犯罪活动。作者强调,犯罪分子的目的是为了获得利益,也可能通过破坏信息系统来达到目的,而且犯罪分子可以是个人,也可以是法人。一般来说,网络犯罪罪犯的特征意味着对数字程序有良好的了解,在网络环境中有行动经验,并积极运用信息技术技能。互联网已成为当今生活方式的一个组成部分,这就是为什么在这个全球通信和数据交换网络中犯罪活动的范围不断扩大。作者认为这是越来越需要加强信息安全的原因,他将其定义为在网络环境中实际实施保护数据免受外部影响的措施。本文对2016年至2020年的网络诈骗频率进行了统计分析,以显示这种现代犯罪威胁的真实强度。
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引用次数: 0
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