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Meme pages as public opinion leaders in the election campaign for the parliamentary elections in Montenegro in 2020 在2020年黑山议会选举的竞选活动中,表情包页面作为民意领袖
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-31115
Jelena Vujanović
After the parliamentary elections in Montenegro in 2020, there was a change of government for the first time since the introduction of multipartyism, and many actors and media claim that popular meme pages on Facebook played a significant role in the campaign that preceded this election result. The paper starts from the assumption that different analytical frameworks and theories dealing with meme as a unit form of conveying a political message are not sufficient to fully explain the role of meme pages in the election campaign in Montenegro. The author believes that the content analysis of individual memes is only one, narrower aspect of observation, and that the role of meme pages in the election campaign in Montenegro can be better explained if we look at them as opinion leaders by adapting the two-stage communication theory to the characteristics of new media and by distinguishing the 4 streams of communication on the Internet proposed by Thorson and Wales (Thorson and Wells, 2012). For the purposes of the research, we use discourse analysis and content analysis of the Facebook pages "MIMistarstvo onostranih poslova" and "It was very unpleasant / Psalm 118" in the period from 1 to 30 August 2020, as well as direct structured interviews with the administrators of the mentioned Facebook pages.
在2020年黑山议会选举后,自引入多党制以来首次发生政府更迭,许多演员和媒体声称,Facebook上的流行表情包页面在选举结果之前的竞选活动中发挥了重要作用。本文首先假设,将模因作为传递政治信息的单位形式处理的不同分析框架和理论都不足以充分解释模因页面在黑山选举活动中的作用。作者认为,对个体模因的内容分析只是观察的一个较窄的方面,如果我们将两阶段传播理论与新媒体的特点相适应,并区分Thorson和Wales提出的互联网上的4种传播流,将模因页面视为意见领袖,可以更好地解释模因页面在黑山选举活动中的作用(Thorson and Wells, 2012)。为了研究目的,我们对2020年8月1日至30日期间的Facebook页面“MIMistarstvo onostranih poslova”和“It was very unpleasant / Psalm 118”进行了话语分析和内容分析,并对上述Facebook页面的管理员进行了直接结构化访谈。
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引用次数: 0
Orthodox currency board and currency boards of the second generation: Operational aspects 正统货币局与第二代货币局:操作方面
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-31454
J. Vitomir, Đorđe Lazić
In this paper, a survey was conducted in five countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania and Hong Kong, whose monetary systems apply the currency board as a monetary policy regime. The research was conducted in the period from 1995 to 2018. The research is based on the use and analysis of Central Bank laws for each of these countries. The key points analyzed in each law are the legal basis and monetary operations. On the basis of exploratory research and comparative analysis of key points, it was found that significant differences appear in the mentioned monetary systems, which function in the currency board. The differences arise from the legal bases in the operational aspects of the application of monetary operations. Precisely on the basis of these differences, which are the facts defined in certain laws, the conclusion is that today we can rightfully talk about two types of currency boards, ie orthodox currency boards and second generation currency boards.
本文在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛和香港五个国家进行了一项调查,这些国家的货币制度采用货币发行局作为货币政策制度。该研究于1995年至2018年期间进行。这项研究是基于对这些国家的中央银行法的使用和分析。各条法律分析的重点是法律依据和货币操作。在探索性研究和重点比较分析的基础上,发现上述货币制度在货币发行局中发挥着显著的作用。这种差异来自于货币操作应用的操作方面的法律依据。正是基于这些差异,也就是某些法律规定的事实,得出的结论是,今天我们可以正确地谈论两种类型的货币发行局,即正统货币发行局和第二代货币发行局。
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引用次数: 1
The role of religion in the formation of national identity among Serbs from Kosovo and Metohija 宗教在科索沃和梅托希亚塞尔维亚人形成民族认同中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-27367
Milena Šljivić
The history of Balkan states shows that religion in its essence has been a main factor of differentiation of numerous national communities and key to the formation of nations on Balkan soil. This testifies to the great importance of religion in this area. Religion has influenced the separation of nations and the creation of different national identity. Orthodoxy has always been of a great importance to Serbs. However, religion, as already mentioned, was significantly limited an emphasized by politics throughout history depending on the political agendas of that time. The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21th century brought a large number of challenges for Serbia which jeopardized its national identity. The political ruling forces in Serbia have turned to religion as an element that can, without any doubt, influence on the strengthening national identity. Taking into account developments in Kosovo and Metohija during the last decades, the need for strong national identity and sense of belonging has been more important than ever. From that need arise the process of turning to religion as a way to preserve traditions and customs that have been threatened by other nations and identities. In the specific context of Kosovo it is important to keep in mind that religion is precisely the element that has sustained Serbs as a national group in these territories. Through religion, the permanence of the Serbian nation is manifested and proved day by day, not only in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, but also in the rest of Serbia in order to maintain the spirit and morale of those who fled and left their homes.
巴尔干国家的历史表明,从本质上讲,宗教是众多民族社会分化的主要因素,也是巴尔干土地上民族形成的关键。这证明了宗教在这一地区的重要性。宗教影响了民族的分离和不同民族认同的产生。东正教对塞尔维亚人来说一直是非常重要的。然而,如前所述,宗教在历史上受到政治的极大限制和强调,这取决于当时的政治议程。20世纪末和21世纪初给塞尔维亚带来了大量的挑战,这些挑战危及了塞尔维亚的民族认同。塞尔维亚的政治统治力量已经把宗教作为一个因素,毫无疑问,可以对加强民族认同产生影响。考虑到过去几十年科索沃和梅托希亚的事态发展,强烈的民族特性和归属感的需要比以往任何时候都更加重要。出于这种需要,出现了将宗教作为保存受到其他国家和身份威胁的传统和习俗的一种方式的进程。在科索沃的具体情况下,重要的是要记住,宗教正是在这些领土上维持塞尔维亚人作为一个民族群体的因素。通过宗教,不仅在科索沃和梅托希亚领土上,而且在塞尔维亚其他地区,塞族民族的永恒性日复一日地得到体现和证明,以便保持那些逃离和离开家园的人的精神和士气。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution to the research of attitudes about Albanians among Serbs in the Northern Kosovska Mitrovica 对科索沃北部米特罗维察塞尔维亚人对阿尔巴尼亚人的态度研究的贡献
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-30072
A. Pavlovic
In this paper the author presents a part of the results of field research conducted among Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica between 2011 and 2014. The motive of the research was to offer a contribution to the understanding of the position of the Serbs in this city in the conditions of the altered socio-political context after the war on Kosovo and Metohija in 1999. A part of the research was paid to the problem of the image of Albanians in the perception of Serbs in the context of mutual conflict and the division of Kosovska Mitrovica into two parts - northern, majorly Serbian, and southern - majorly Albanian. This topic has imposed itself practically from the very beginning of the research, due to the fact that the Serbs in Kosovska Mitrovica generally defined their everyday life after the war in 1999 through the picture of division towards Albanians. Theoretically, the research was relied on the concept of ethnic identity, or ethnicity. Starting from Roland Barthes' interpretation of this phenomenon, according to which it is reflective, what means defined by boundaries as a social product arising from the need of groups to differentiate between each other, the aim of the research was to provide ethnographic material useful for understanding the identity position of Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica in the conditions of conflict with Albanian ethnic group. Methodologically viewed, the research was conducted by using an anthropological approach, which meant that the studied problem was analyzed at the interpersonal level and through the experiences of individuals. Attention was focused on the discourse, which means that the research topic was observed from the point of view of the testimonies of the respondents included in the research. The testimonies of the respondents were obtained by using in-depth, ie qualitative research methods, in the first place formal and informal interviews. The research showed that the identity discourse of the Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica towards Albanians was marked by distance, imbued with feelings of threat and distrust. Members of the Albanian ethnic group were observed through the generalizing prism of opposing others, so that they were attributed characteristics with most often diametrically different sign compared to the characteristics that the respondents attributed to themselves, to their own, Serbian ethnic group. On the one hand, the respondents attributed negative characteristics to Albanians, which they considered as not appropriate for Serbs. These characteristics were observed at a double level: 1) regardless of contacts with Serbs ("uncultured", "primitive", "uncivilized"); and 2) in the context of mutual contacts (hypocritical, pretentious, cunning, calculated, etc), ie from the aspect of the attitude towards Serbs which was generally described as hostile. Negative characteristics attributed to Albanians respondents perceived as features opposite to the characteristics of Serbs, which
在本文中,作者介绍了2011年至2014年期间在科索沃北部米特罗维察的塞族人中进行的部分实地研究结果。这项研究的动机是在1999年科索沃和梅托希亚战争后,在社会政治环境发生变化的情况下,为了解塞族人在这个城市的地位做出贡献。研究的一部分是研究在相互冲突和科索沃米特罗维察分裂为北部主要是塞尔维亚人和南部主要是阿尔巴尼亚人两部分的情况下,塞尔维亚人对阿尔巴尼亚人的印象问题。这个话题实际上从研究的一开始就被强加给了自己,因为科索沃米特罗维察的塞尔维亚人在1999年战争结束后通常通过分裂阿尔巴尼亚人的画面来定义他们的日常生活。从理论上讲,这项研究是基于种族认同的概念。从罗兰·巴特对这一现象的解释开始,根据这一解释,它是反思性的,什么是由边界定义的作为群体相互区分的需要而产生的社会产物,研究的目的是提供有助于理解科索沃北部米特罗维察塞尔维亚人在与阿尔巴尼亚民族群体冲突的条件下的身份地位的民族学材料。从方法上看,这项研究是用人类学的方法进行的,这意味着所研究的问题是在人际层面上通过个人的经验来分析的。注意力集中在话语上,这意味着从研究中被调查者的证词的角度来观察研究主题。受访者的证词是通过使用深入的,即定性研究方法,首先是正式和非正式的访谈。研究表明,科索沃北部米特罗维察的塞族人对阿尔巴尼亚人的认同话语具有距离感,充满了威胁和不信任的感觉。通过反对他人的普遍化棱镜观察阿尔巴尼亚族成员,因此他们被赋予的特征通常与被调查者赋予自己的特征截然不同,他们属于自己的塞尔维亚族。一方面,答复者认为阿尔巴尼亚人具有消极的特点,他们认为这些特点不适合塞族人。这些特征可以在两个层面上观察到:1)无论与塞尔维亚人接触如何(“未开化”、“原始”、“未开化”);2)在相互交往的背景下(虚伪、自命不凡、狡猾、算计等),即对塞尔维亚人的态度方面,通常被描述为敌对。被答复者认为阿尔巴尼亚人的消极特征与塞尔维亚人的特征相反,这意味着,根据相互对比的原则,他们通过强调这些特征,含蓄地指出了他们自己的塞尔维亚身份的积极价值。另一方面,答复者认为阿尔巴尼亚人具有某些积极的特点,即他们认为与塞尔维亚人相比,阿尔巴尼亚族成员是有利的,而这是塞尔维亚人所缺乏的。这些特点也与塞尔维亚人的特点相对照,它们意味着耐心、机智、智慧、勤奋、温顺、信守诺言。本文提出的结果升级了先前的研究结果,其中包括在1999年战争后该地区社会政治环境发生变化的情况下,对科索沃和梅托希亚塞尔维亚人对阿尔巴尼亚人的看法的分析。2011年至2014年期间获得的现有人种学资料显示,科索沃北部米特罗维察的塞尔维亚人主要通过简化观念的棱镜来感知阿尔巴尼亚人,从身份认同的角度来看,这暗示了阿尔巴尼亚族群成员的暴力观念,而他们自己的塞尔维亚族群成员则是受害者。在答复者的陈述中,作为对阿尔巴尼亚人的一种意见形式的概括,带有对阿尔巴尼亚族裔群体成员特征的消极和积极态度交织在一起的色彩,事实上,这些态度是以比较他们自己群体特征的方式表达的。然而,这项研究获得了一些观点,通过指出彼此共同的社会特征的因素,缓和了塞尔维亚人和阿尔巴尼亚人之间的对比。最后,阿尔巴尼亚人的形象变得有些复杂,这要归功于那些通过直接联系和个人经历的感知来谈论这个民族成员的答复者的态度。 这表明人们对阿尔巴尼亚语的态度在某种程度上偏离了普遍的概括,从分析的角度来看,这种概括表明,在科索沃北部米特罗维察的塞族人心目中,这个种族群体成员的形象并不像在相互冲突的情况下乍一看那样简单。
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引用次数: 0
The research of the negated aorist tense in the novels written by Serbian authors 塞尔维亚作家小说中的否定主义时态研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-31137
T. Ašić, Marina Simović
This paper focuses on the research of the negated aorist tense in the novels written by the Serbian authors. Our goal was to prove if the negated aorist can show prospective with the given temporary reference. We established with the analysis of the example from the chosen corpus that there are essential terms for the negated predicate in the aorist to occur. Namely, it has to refer to non-appearance expected events that a narrator observes using senses. A narrator's immediate cognition that things did not occur naturally is a mental event that has its own temporary reference. In fact, the scenes of the real events intertwine with the mental ones in narration, which are the reaction to the explicitly given event that does not take place, and that a narrator designates just because he/she expects it to happen. In that way, the immediate connection occurs between a narrator and a reader: lack of occurrence of the usual events indicates the plot and the turn of the events and creates tension, suspense, and astonishment in a reader.
本文主要对塞尔维亚作家小说中的否定主义时态进行研究。我们的目标是证明否定的主观性是否能在给定的临时参照下显示出前景。通过对所选语料库实例的分析,我们确定了在主语料中存在否定谓词发生的基本项。也就是说,它必须涉及叙述者使用感官观察到的非外观预期事件。叙述者对事情并非自然发生的直接认知,是一种有自己临时参照的心理事件。事实上,真实事件的场景与叙事中的心理场景交织在一起,这是对没有发生的明确给定事件的反应,叙述者指定它只是因为他/她期望它发生。通过这种方式,叙述者和读者之间产生了直接的联系:通常事件的缺乏表明了情节和事件的转折,并在读者中制造了紧张、悬念和惊讶。
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引用次数: 0
Legal framework governing the area of trade and markets in the Republic of Serbia with special attention to the movements of goods with the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija 管理塞尔维亚共和国贸易和市场领域的法律框架,特别注意与科索沃和梅托希亚自治省之间的货物流动
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-30530
L. Stanković, Lazar Cvijić
Trade in modern market conditions has a complex and very important role in economic and social development. In Serbia, trade and market issues are gaining importance with the beginning of the approach toward the single European market. In parallel, the first modern strategic directions in the field of market development and trade policy have been created. Trade Development Strategies of the Republic of Serbia were the basis for the preparation and enactment of trade laws. The 2019 Trade Act in a modern and comprehensive way regulates the area of trade and markets in the Republic of Serbia. However, after its adoption, a timely and intensive implementation of the created resolutions is necessary. Also, a firm commitment is needed towards future amendments to this act, as it is a very dynamic area that requires close monitoring and a full understanding of the changes that are happening in the environment. Special attention should be focused on analysing the current situation, further developments and regulating the trade of goods with the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
在现代市场条件下,贸易在经济和社会发展中具有复杂而重要的作用。在塞尔维亚,随着欧洲统一市场的开始,贸易和市场问题变得越来越重要。与此同时,市场发展和贸易政策领域的第一个现代战略方向已经确立。《塞尔维亚共和国贸易发展战略》是制定和颁布贸易法的基础。2019年《贸易法》以现代和全面的方式规范了塞尔维亚共和国的贸易和市场领域。但是,在其通过之后,必须及时和密集地执行所制定的各项决议。此外,还需要作出坚定的承诺,以便将来对该法案进行修订,因为这是一个非常动态的领域,需要密切监测和充分了解环境中正在发生的变化。应特别注意分析目前的局势、进一步的发展和管制同科索沃和梅托希亚自治省的货物贸易。
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引用次数: 0
Znatan doprinos očuvanju i razvoju srpske onomastike - Jašović Golub, Jovanović Slavica: Onomastika Malog Crnića, Filozofski fakultet + Biblioteka "Srboljub Mitić", Kosovska Mitrovica + Malo Crniće, 2020 对塞尔维亚经济保护和发展的已知贡献-Jašovic Golub,Jovanovic Slavic:Onomastik Small Montenegro,Filozofski学院+图书馆“Srboljub Mitic”,科索沃米特罗维察+Small Montenero,2020
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-30936
D. Stefanovic
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引用次数: 0
Monetary policy observed through the prism of general conditions regarding the valuation of immovable assets based on the database of licensed appraisers 通过基于持牌估价师数据库的不动产估值的一般条件来观察货币政策
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-31224
Milan Radović
When it comes to conducting monetary policy in the Republic of Serbia, it is necessary to emphasize that the basic framework for regulating the mentioned policy was adopted and the Law on the National Bank of Serbia was adopted. The author of this paper emphasizes the need to respect the required primary goal of the National Bank of Serbia, i.e. it is necessary to respect the achievement and maintenance of price stability, which contributes to preserving the stability of the financial system and sustainable economic growth of the Serbian economy as a whole. There are numerous ways of influencing the National Bank of the Republic of Serbia on the realization of monetary policy, but in this paper the author emphasizes only some of the most important ones: achieving price stability, implementation of the inflation targeting regime by the National Bank of Serbia and others. In addition, in order to achieve a sound monetary policy, it is necessary to make an expression in a given interval through the disclosed annual consumer price indices, as well as with the recommended expression of the estimated allowed deviation. In order to complete the monetary policy, it is possible to apply a realistic representation of the reference interest rate. It is the basic instrument of monetary policy in the inflation targeting regime that the National Bank seeks to maintain at a real level in a given observation period. In addition, the National Bank, through other monetary instruments, creates the overall conditions in which monetary policy instruments will operate, such as interventions in the foreign exchange market, conducting open market operations, prescribing required reserves, providing credit and deposit facilities and performing continuous interventions in the foreign exchange market Republic of Serbia. In this paper, the author emphasizes the existence of some other significant conditions of influence on the conduct of general monetary policy in the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The author of the paper emphasized the importance of the implementation of real estate appraisal of legal entities in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the importance of forming a database of appraised real estate by licensed appraisers.
关于在塞尔维亚共和国执行货币政策,有必要强调指出,已经通过了管理上述政策的基本框架,并通过了《塞尔维亚国家银行法》。本文作者强调有必要尊重塞尔维亚国家银行所要求的首要目标,即有必要尊重实现和维持价格稳定,这有助于保持金融体系的稳定和整个塞尔维亚经济的可持续经济增长。影响塞尔维亚共和国国家银行实施货币政策的方法有很多,但在本文中,作者只强调一些最重要的方法:实现价格稳定,塞尔维亚国家银行实施通货膨胀目地制度等。此外,为了实现稳健的货币政策,有必要通过披露的年度消费者价格指数在给定的区间内进行表达,并使用建议的估计允许偏差的表达。为了完善货币政策,有可能采用参考利率的现实表示。它是通货膨胀目标制中货币政策的基本工具,国家银行试图在给定的观察期内将其维持在一个实际水平。此外,国家银行通过其他货币工具创造货币政策工具运作的总体条件,例如干预外汇市场、进行公开市场业务、规定所需储备金、提供信贷和存款便利以及在塞尔维亚共和国的外汇市场进行持续干预。在本文中,作者强调存在一些影响塞尔维亚共和国经济中一般货币政策实施的其他重要条件。本文作者强调了塞尔维亚共和国法律实体实施房地产评估的重要性,以及由持牌估估师建立评估房地产数据库的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Stage directions in Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz's play 'Banović Strahinja' 鲍里斯拉夫·米哈伊洛维奇·米希兹戏剧《巴诺维奇·斯特拉欣加》的舞台指导
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina31-30939
Uroš Đurković
Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz's play Banović Strahinja excels as a text of special dramatic qualities, deeply connected with various aspects of stage directions. In order to show them, we analyzed how various dramatic elements, such as characterization, irony, space, and time, are represented in the context of stage directions. One of the most important aspects of Banović Strahinja is present in auctorial voice that can be seen both in the stage directions and as part of the primary text. Because of that, Mihiz's play cannot be seen only as a reinterpretation of the famous Serbian epic poem, but also as a literary work in its own right firmly connected with modern theater tendencies.
鲍里斯拉夫·米哈伊洛维奇·米希兹的《巴诺维奇·斯特拉欣加》是一部具有特殊戏剧特质的作品,与舞台指挥的各个方面有着深刻的联系。为了展示它们,我们分析了各种戏剧元素,如人物塑造、反讽、空间和时间,是如何在舞台指示的背景下表现出来的。《banoviki Strahinja》最重要的方面之一是作者的声音,这可以在舞台指导和主要文本中看到。正因为如此,米希兹的戏剧不仅是对塞尔维亚著名史诗的重新诠释,而且是一部与现代戏剧趋势紧密相连的文学作品。
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引用次数: 0
Certain personality traits strategies of the students from the University of Priština Priština大学学生人格特质策略研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/bastina30-29134
Miljana S. Pavićević, J. Minić
Having in mind the complexity of the various personalities, different papers on personality traits published by numerous authors, personality traits or personality dimensions as well as different theory models, we have tried here in this paper was to point out certain personality traits of the students from the University of Priština. In order words, paper shows research results conducted on students from the University of Priština, temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, from the 2014th up to the 2019th. The research has been conducted on students from different departments of the University of Priština, of both genders and of age 18 to 24. Theoretical approach used was one of the personality models: model Big Five, six-factor or model Big Five plus two. These personality models are accepted and current in science discourses in our country and abroad. Research results provide us with better understanding of certain personality traits of students from the University of Priština which allow us to undertake certain interventions and preventive measures in order to improve mental health of the students, but also for the improvement of their functioning in different life situations. Having in mind that students belong to adolescent period (or, to be accurate, to subperiod of late adolescence), which is considered to be the most important crisis in students' development, better understanding of the certain personality traits may prove to be significant in giving psychological support and helping them to adopt to numerous and complex challenges during their studies, but also with the process of maturing which comes with this period.
考虑到各种人格的复杂性,许多作者发表的关于人格特征的不同论文,人格特征或人格维度以及不同的理论模型,我们在本文中试图指出Priština大学学生的某些人格特征。换句话说,论文显示了2014年至2019年在科索沃米特罗维察临时定居的Priština大学学生的研究结果。这项研究是在Priština大学不同院系的学生中进行的,年龄在18到24岁之间,有男有女。使用的理论方法是人格模型之一:大五模型,六因素模型或大五加二模型。这些人格模型为国内外科学话语所接受和流行。研究结果使我们更好地了解Priština大学学生的某些人格特征,使我们能够采取某些干预和预防措施,以改善学生的心理健康,并改善他们在不同生活情况下的功能。考虑到学生处于青春期(或者更准确地说,是青春期晚期的子阶段),这被认为是学生发展中最重要的危机,更好地了解某些人格特征可能会在给予心理支持和帮助他们在学习中接受众多复杂的挑战方面具有重要意义,同时也伴随着这一时期的成熟过程。
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引用次数: 0
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