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Matching Cost Against Revenue at Royalty Expenses 按特许权使用费将成本与收入相匹配
Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V11I2.2558
M. Santoso
The recording of royalty expenses must not only be consistent but also complied with the principle of matching costs against revenue, especially in calculating taxable income. If all accounting principles are not met in recording the royalty expense, the tax authority will correct it  so that the royalty expenses cannot be deducted from taxable income. By using a case in a tax court in Indonesia, there is a taxpayer who does not meet the matching cost against revenue principle when recording royalty expenses. The taxpayer deducts these royalty expenses for the previous year in the current year because the amounts of these royalty expenses are known exactly in the current year. Even though the taxpayer's financial statements were audited and had an unqualified opinion, the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) as the tax authority in Indonesia negated the royalty expenses as a deduction from taxable income. This paper finds that a net sales-based royalty fee scheme can be estimated at the end of the year and deducted from gross income without waiting for a certainty on the amount of royalty expense on invoices received in the coming year. The accounting records of the taxpayer are not proper so that some data or documents cannot be proven in the tax court. The method of recording in the financial statements with an unqualified opinion does not guarantee that the recording follows tax regulations, especially following Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
特许权使用费费用的记录不仅要一致,而且要符合成本与收入相匹配的原则,特别是在计算应纳税所得额时。在记录特许权使用费费用时,如果不符合所有会计原则,税务机关将予以纠正,使特许权使用费费用不能从应纳税所得额中扣除。通过在印度尼西亚税务法庭的一个案例,有一个纳税人在记录特许权使用费费用时不符合与收入原则相匹配的成本。纳税义务人在本年度扣除上一年度的特许权使用费费用,因为这些特许权使用费费用的金额在本年度是已知的。尽管纳税人的财务报表经过了审计,并得出了毫无保留的意见,但作为印度尼西亚税务机关的税务总局(DGT)否认了特许权使用费费用从应税收入中扣除。本文发现,基于净销售额的特许权使用费方案可以在年底估计并从总收入中扣除,而无需等待来年收到的发票上的特许权使用费费用金额的确定。纳税人的会计记录不正确,导致一些资料或文件无法在税务法庭上证明。在财务报表中记录无保留意见的方法并不能保证记录遵循税收法规,特别是遵循公认会计原则(GAAP)。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Foreign Institutional Ownership, Foreign Directors and Foreign Commissioners on Profitability 外资机构所有权、外资董事和外资专员对盈利能力的影响
Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.14414/tiar.v11i2.2370
Yulian Belinda Ambarwati
In 2018, the banking world became a hot topic of conversation because several foreign companies announced their plans to own shares in local banks in Indonesia. Merger between local banks and foreign banks will allow foreign workers to work in Indonesia. This study aims to examine whether foreign institutional ownership, foreign directors and foreign commissioners have an effect on profitability. The sample used in this research is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The research method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that foreign institutional ownership has an effect on profitability. Acquisitions by foreign parties are considered to be able to improve the performance of local banks. Foreign-owned banks are associated with increased profits. Meanwhile, both foreign directors and foreign commissioners have no effect on profitability. The low number of foreign directors and commissioners makes their performance unnoticeable.
2018年,由于几家外国公司宣布计划持有印尼当地银行的股份,银行业成为热门话题。当地银行和外国银行的合并将允许外国工人在印尼工作。本研究旨在考察外国机构所有权、外国董事和外国委员是否对盈利能力有影响。本研究中使用的样本是2014-2018年在印度尼西亚证券交易所上市的银行公司。所使用的研究方法是多元回归分析。研究结果表明,外资机构所有权对企业盈利能力有影响。外资收购被认为能够改善本地银行的业绩。外资银行的利润增加。同时,外国董事和外国专员对盈利能力都没有影响。外国董事和委员的人数很少,这使得他们的表现并不引人注目。
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引用次数: 3
Psychological capital intervening effect on individual competency and educator accountant research Performance in Surabaya 心理资本对个体胜任力与教育会计研究绩效的干预作用
Pub Date : 2020-02-06 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V10I1.1937
Fitriyah Kusuma Devi, B. Tjahjadi
This research aimed to discover knowledge, skill, and attitude effects on educator accountant research performance with psychological capital as intervening variable. Research object were educator accountant with permanent employee status at public and private higher educations in Surabaya. Sample collection carried out through purposive sampling with 167 people as research samples. Analysis method utilized in this research was Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Research result indicated that: (1) knowledge, skill, and attitude could affect educator accountant performance in Surabaya significantly. (2) Psychological capital within educator accountant could significantly intervene relationship between skill and attitude on educator accountant performance in Surabaya, meanwhile psychological capital did not intervene relationship between knowledge on educator accountant performance in Surabaya.
本研究以心理资本为中介变量,探讨知识、技能和态度对教育工作者会计研究绩效的影响。研究对象为泗水市公立和私立高等教育的教育会计。以167人为研究样本,采用有目的抽样的方法进行样本收集。本研究采用的分析方法是结构方程模型(SEM)。研究结果表明:(1)知识、技能和态度对泗水市教育会计绩效有显著影响。(2)泗水市教育会计师内部的心理资本可以显著干预技能和态度对教育会计师绩效的影响,而心理资本对知识对教育会计师绩效的影响不显著。
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引用次数: 2
Factors affecting the use of accounting information in small and medium enterprises (SMEs): a study on SMEs in Tingkir, Salatiga 影响中小企业会计信息使用的因素:对Salatiga Tingkir中小企业的研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1818
M. Puspita, J. Pramono
This study aims to examine the effect of business turnover, business’ age, educational level, accounting knowledge, accounting training and owner motivation on the use of accounting information in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tingkir, Salatiga City. The data were collected using accidental sampling where the respondents were SMEs who were willing as the respondents for this research. This study used primary data in the form of questionnaires for 30 respondents. This is an explanatory study with a quantitative approach to explain the relationship between variables by testing hypotheses and conducting statistical tests. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that only accounting training was statistically proven to have a positive effect on the use of accounting information for SMEs in Tingkir Salatiga. Other variables such as business turnover, business’ age, educational level, accounting knowledge and motivation were not statistically proven to have an effect on the use of accounting information in these SMEs.
本研究旨在检验企业营业额、企业年龄、教育水平、会计知识、会计培训和所有者动机对萨拉蒂加市廷基尔中小企业会计信息使用的影响。数据是通过意外抽样收集的,受访者是愿意作为本研究受访者的中小企业。这项研究以问卷的形式使用了30名受访者的原始数据。这是一项解释性研究,采用定量方法,通过检验假设和进行统计检验来解释变量之间的关系。数据采用多元线性回归分析。结果表明,只有会计培训在统计上被证明对廷基尔·萨拉蒂加中小企业的会计信息使用有积极影响。其他变量,如企业营业额、企业年龄、教育水平、会计知识和动机,在统计上没有被证明对这些中小企业的会计信息使用有影响。
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引用次数: 5
The effect of profitability and liquidity on CSR disclosure and its implication to economic consequences 盈利能力和流动性对企业社会责任披露的影响及其对经济后果的影响
Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1730
Dody Hapsoro, Ratna Dwi Sulistyarini
This study examines the effect of profitability and liquidity on CSR disclosure and its implication on economic consequences. This study was driven by the inconsistency of the results of previous studies in testing the factors that influence the CSR disclosure. This study used the CSR disclosure to measure Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure index (CSRDI) based on the index of the Global Reporting Initiatives G4 Guideline (GRI G4). The results show that profitability has a significant and positive effect on CSR disclosure, while liquidity does not affect CSR disclosure. Furthermore, CSR disclosure has a negative effect on the bid-ask spread, CSR disclosure has a positive effect on trading volume, while CSR disclosure doesn't affect stock price volatility. This study impklies as the following;: companies that have high profitability should have strong commitment to disclose corporate social responsibility because it can help reduce information asymmetry.
本研究考察了盈利能力和流动性对企业社会责任披露的影响及其对经济后果的影响。这项研究是由于先前研究在测试影响CSR披露的因素方面的结果不一致。本研究使用企业社会责任披露来衡量基于全球报告倡议G4指南(GRI G4)指数的企业社会责任公开指数(CSRDI)。研究结果表明,盈利能力对企业社会责任披露有显著的正向影响,而流动性对企业社会义务披露没有影响。此外,企业社会责任披露对买卖价差有负面影响,企业社会义务披露对交易量有正向影响,而企业社会责任信息披露不影响股价波动。本研究涉及以下方面:盈利能力高的公司应该有强烈的承诺来披露企业社会责任,因为这有助于减少信息不对称。
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引用次数: 10
The effect of political connection and effectiveness of audit committee on audit fee 审计委员会的政治联系与有效性对审计费用的影响
Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1848
F. Nurjanah, E. Sudaryati
This study analyzes the effect of political connection and effectiveness of audit committee on audit fee. This study uses the sample of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2017. They were take using a purposive sampling method. The total number of companies is 444 companies. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and the hypothesis testing was done using linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The F test indicates that the research model is stable and significant. The value of R square is 38.4%, indicating that there are other variables that can affect the model by 61.6%. The results of this study show that political connection has a significant positive effect on audit fee and the effectiveness of audit committee also has a significant positive effect on audit fee because audit committee wants a higher audit quality from the auditor.
本研究分析了审计委员会的政治联系和有效性对审计费用的影响。本研究使用了2015-2017年在印度尼西亚证券交易所(IDX)上市的非金融公司样本。他们是用有目的的抽样方法进行的。公司总数为444家。使用SPSS 20对数据进行分析,并使用显著性水平为5%的线性回归进行假设检验。F检验表明,该研究模型是稳定的、有意义的。R平方值为38.4%,表明还有其他变量会对模型产生61.6%的影响。研究结果表明,政治联系对审计费用有显著的正向影响,审计委员会的有效性也对审计费用产生显著的正向作用,因为审计委员会希望审计师提供更高的审计质量。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of determinants of financial and non-financial aspects for the fund adequacy ratio (FAR) at pension fund institutions 养老基金机构基金充足率财务和非财务方面的决定因素分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1839
D. Surjandari, Dewi Anggraeni, Y. Yulianto, Maria Wrightia Religiosa
The aim of this study is to analyze the determinants of Fund Adequacy Ratio (FAR) at Pension Fund Institutions listed in Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK) period 2013 - 2016. The determinants of financial aspect are proxied by financial ratio and the determinants of non-financial aspect are proxied by firm size. Sampling is done using purposive sampling method and the analysis used is SPSS version 2.0. The results of this study show that in financial aspect there are only 2 variables (the ratio of working capital / total asset and the ratio of retained earnings / total assets) that have a significant effect on FAR, while the other 4 variables consisting of the ratio of cash / total asset, the ratio of total debt / total revenue, the ratio of short-term debt / equity, and the ratio of current asset / short-term debt have no effect on FAR. In non-financial aspect, firm size also has no effect on FAR. However, all variables simultaneously have a significant effect on FAR.
本研究的目的是分析2013-2016年期间在印度尼西亚金融服务管理局(OJK)上市的养老基金机构的基金充足率(FAR)的决定因素。财务方面的决定因素以财务比率为代表,非财务方面的影响因素以企业规模为代表。抽样采用有目的的抽样方法,使用SPSS 2.0版进行分析。研究结果表明,在财务方面,只有2个变量(营运资金/总资产比率和留存收益/总资产比值)对FAR有显著影响,而其他4个变量(现金/总资产比、总债务/总收入比、短期债务/股权比、,流动资产/短期债务比率对FAR没有影响。在非金融方面,企业规模对FAR也没有影响。然而,所有变量同时对FAR有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Data envelopment analysis for profitability and marketing in the 10 largest banks in Indonesia 印尼10家最大银行盈利能力和营销的数据包络分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1817
Jmv Mulyadi
The higher competition in banking industry has pushed the banks to increase efficiency both their profitability and marketing. This study aims to assess the efficiency of the 10 largest banks in Indonesia both in terms of profitability and marketing period 2017-2018 using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results show that from 2017 to 2018, there were 7 banks that consistently obtained good profitability levels. The average bank profitability performance decreased from 2017 to 2018. From the marketing side, with the first input approach, during 2017-2018 there were only 6 banks that consistently obtained good levels of efficiency, while with the second input approach, there were only 5 banks that consistently achieved good efficiency. The average bank marketing performance declined from 2017 to 2018 using the first and second approaches. In general, bank performance in marketing is still below the bank performance in profitability. The implication is that in using DEA, it must be wise in selecting the input variables because they will produce different values.
银行业竞争加剧,促使银行提高盈利能力和营销效率。本研究旨在使用数据包络分析(DEA)方法评估印度尼西亚10家最大银行在2017-2018年盈利能力和营销期间的效率。结果显示,2017年至2018年,有7家银行持续获得良好的盈利水平。2017年至2018年,银行的平均盈利能力表现有所下降。从营销方面来看,在第一种投入方式下,2017-2018年期间,只有6家银行始终获得良好的效率,而在第二种投入方式中,只有5家银行始终达到良好的效率。使用第一种和第二种方法,2017年至2018年,银行的平均营销业绩有所下降。总的来说,银行在营销方面的表现仍低于银行在盈利方面的表现。这意味着,在使用DEA时,选择输入变量必须是明智的,因为它们会产生不同的值。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of corporate governance on company value (Empirical study of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2015-2017) 公司治理对公司价值的影响(2015-2017年印尼证券交易所lq45上市公司的实证研究)
Pub Date : 2019-10-14 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1769
Karmila Febrianti, N. Dewi
This research aims to examine the effect of corporate governance on company value of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The corporate governance mechanism consists of institutional ownership, proportion of independent commissioner, managerial ownership, independent audit committee, remuneration and nomination committee, board of directors, and board of commissioners, while firm value is proxied by Tobin’s Q. This research used 106 companies as a sample taken from a population of 135 companies in LQ 45 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2015-2017. The data were analyzed using a multiple linier regression analysis with SPSS program. The result shows that corporate governance mechanisms which are proxied by institutional ownership, proportion of independent commissioners, board of directors, and board of commissioners have an effect on firm value, while the corporate governance which are proxied by managerial ownership, independent audit committee, and remuneration and nomination committee have no effect on firm value.
本研究旨在检验公司治理对印尼证券交易所(IDX) lq45上市公司的公司价值的影响。公司治理机制由机构所有权、独立董事比例、管理层所有权、独立审计委员会、薪酬和提名委员会、董事会和董事会组成,公司价值由托宾q来代表。本研究选取了2015-2017年期间在印尼证券交易所(IDX)上市的LQ 45的135家公司中的106家公司作为样本。采用SPSS软件对数据进行多元线性回归分析。结果表明,以机构所有权、独立董事比例、董事会和监事会为代表的公司治理机制对公司价值有影响,而以管理层所有权、独立审计委员会、薪酬和提名委员会为代表的公司治理机制对公司价值没有影响。
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引用次数: 4
The effect of risk disclosure on the cost of equity capital and firm value (An empirical study of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2015-2017) 风险披露对股权资本成本和企业价值的影响(基于2015-2017年印尼证券交易所制造业上市公司的实证研究)
Pub Date : 2019-09-10 DOI: 10.14414/TIAR.V9I2.1715
Eka Sri Sumardani, Rr.Sri Handayani
This study examines the effect of corporate risk disclosure on cost of equity capital and firm value. It uses the ratio of market value to book value, the ratio of leverage, consumer price index, growth, firm size, independent audit committee, and net profit during the study period and net profit in the previous year as control variables. The population consists of all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015 - 2017. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, with the total sample of 99 companies. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The results indicate that corporate risk disclosure has a negative effect on the cost of equity capital but corporate risk disclosure has a positive effect on firm value.
本研究探讨了企业风险披露对权益资本成本和企业价值的影响。以市场价值与账面价值之比、杠杆率、消费者物价指数、成长性、企业规模、独立审计委员会、研究期间净利润和上一年度净利润为控制变量。人口包括2015年至2017年期间在印度尼西亚证券交易所上市的所有制造业公司。样本采用有目的抽样法,共抽样99家公司。采用多元回归分析对数据进行分析,检验假设。结果表明,企业风险披露对权益资本成本有负向影响,而对企业价值有正向影响。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Indonesian Accounting Review
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