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THE IMPACT OF REMUNERATION ON SALES TURNOVER IN DUBAI’s AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET: POST COVID-19 薪酬对迪拜汽车售后市场销售额的影响:后COVID-19
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(54)
Bharti Pandya, Kavita A. Shah, H. Allam
The global Automotive Industry generated revenue worth 2.5 trillion USD in 2020 and is expected to reach 2.8 trillion USD in 2022. In this, the contribution from the Automotive Aftermarket sector (AA) was 392.35 billion USD and it is predicted to cross 525 billion USD by 2028 (Research and Markets, 2021). The AA of Western countries and the Asia Pacific is studied exhaustively while little attention is paid to the Gulf region. The AA of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the fastest growing market with a 14.8% CAGR from 2020 to 2025, led by Dubai. By 2025, it is expected to reach 634.4 million USD (Prescient and Strategic Alliance, 2021). However, like other sectors, the AA experienced the Covid-19 rage in 2020 with a high impact on sales and employees. The decline in consumption of light vehicles during the pandemic and the shut down of business-to-customers trade counters reduced the revenue, forcing small and medium enterprises to reduce employees‟ costs (Laborda & Moral, 2020). The salesforce in the AA sector also experienced reductions in their monthly salaries, commission rate and other benefits (O‟Donnell & Marsh, 2022). However, the market condition improved in 2021 as UAE‟s AA witnessed an increase in revenues. According to the Automechanika Dubai 2021report, the AA is expected to boom post-Covid 19, especially due to an increase in customers‟ demand. This can be attributed to UAE‟s 100% residents being vaccinated, Expo 2020 in Dubai, improved foreign relations with Israel and relaxed travel regulations in Dubai (GMI Research, 2020). Following the role played by remuneration in motivating sales employees, it can be anticipated that during Covid-19 sales turnover may have declined and as market conditions improved, the sales turnover and remuneration may also have improved.Keywords: Automotive aftermarket, Remuneration, Sales turnover, Covid-19
全球汽车行业在2020年创造了2.5万亿美元的收入,预计到2022年将达到2.8万亿美元。其中,汽车后市场部门(AA)的贡献为3923.5亿美元,预计到2028年将超过5250亿美元(研究与市场,2021年)。对西方国家和亚太地区的AA进行了详尽的研究,而对海湾地区的关注较少。阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE)的航空市场是增长最快的市场,从2020年到2025年,复合年增长率为14.8%,以迪拜为首。到2025年,预计将达到6.344亿美元(Prescient and Strategic Alliance, 2021年)。然而,与其他行业一样,机管局在2020年经历了Covid-19的肆虐,对销售和员工产生了很大影响。疫情期间轻型汽车消费量的下降和企业对客户贸易柜台的关闭减少了收入,迫使中小企业降低员工成本(Laborda & Moral, 2020年)。AA行业的销售人员也经历了月薪、佣金率和其他福利的减少(O”Donnell & Marsh, 2022)。然而,随着阿联酋航空公司的收入增加,市场状况在2021年有所改善。根据《迪拜汽车机械2021年报告》,预计机管局将在2019冠状病毒病后蓬勃发展,特别是由于客户需求的增加。这可归因于阿联酋100%的居民接种疫苗,2020年迪拜世博会,改善与以色列的外交关系以及迪拜放松旅行规定(GMI Research, 2020)。根据薪酬在激励销售人员方面的作用,可以预期,在2019冠状病毒病期间,销售额可能会下降,随着市场条件的改善,销售额和薪酬也可能会有所改善。关键词:汽车后市场;薪酬;销售额
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引用次数: 0
Bumiputera Women Entrepreneurs' Psychological Characteristics: A Case Study from Penang, Malaysia 土著女企业家的心理特征:以马来西亚槟城为例
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(8)
N. Din, M. Tahir, Leylawati Joremi, N. Othman
It is not wrong to say that entrepreneurship is one of the toughest jobs on the planet. This is because, this job required a person to be creative, proactive and resilient in order to expand and sustain their business, especially during uncertain situations like the Covid 19 pandemic. Additionally, up till now, the world has been shocked by the virus name Covid-19. It is not only severely impacted human health but also has far-reaching economic impacts around the world. The paralysis of productive operations is one of the collateral consequences of the virus's war, with major economic and social consequences around the world (Bapuji et al., 2020). Many well-known brands in a variety of industries are likely to go bankrupt as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak, as consumers stay at home and economies shut down. Besides that, the small business's survival was jeopardized in this tough situation. The crisis is radically altering the world and the worst in the entire history (Afshan et al., 2021).Keywords: Entrepreneur, Psychological characteristics, Proactive and Creative
说创业是这个星球上最艰难的工作之一,这并没有错。这是因为,这项工作需要一个人有创造力、积极主动和弹性,以扩大和维持他们的业务,特别是在Covid - 19大流行等不确定的情况下。此外,到目前为止,世界已经被Covid-19这个病毒名称震惊了。它不仅严重影响人类健康,而且在世界范围内产生深远的经济影响。生产作业瘫痪是病毒战争的附带后果之一,在世界各地造成重大经济和社会后果(Bapuji等人,2020年)。由于消费者待在家里,经济陷入停滞,许多行业的许多知名品牌都可能因新冠肺炎疫情而破产。除此之外,在这种艰难的形势下,小企业的生存受到了威胁。这场危机从根本上改变了世界,是整个历史上最糟糕的一次(Afshan等人,2021年)。关键词:企业家,心理特征,主动性与创造性
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引用次数: 0
Permanent and Transitory Components of Volatility following the 2008-Financial Crisis: Investigation on Dow Jones Sukuk Index 2008年金融危机后波动性的永久和短暂成分:对道琼斯伊斯兰债券指数的调查
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(21)
S. A. Rahim, N. Ahmad
The global financial crisis of 2008 was sukuk's first actual test. The crisis had a negative impact on the nascent sukuk market, and several issuances reached new lows during the crisis. The sukuk investment universe, on the other hand, has made a strong comeback since 2009 and is now fully recovered. The sukuk market's performance has proven to be resilient due to this. The Dow Jones Sukuk Index (DJSI) has fully recovered from the crisis after a period of underperformance. The performance of the sukuk index is judged on both return and risk. Lower volatility and a higher Sharpe ratio further enhance its superior performance. The Sukuk investors during the COVID-19 pandemic have also referred to this situation of the 2008 global financial crisis to seek chances and confidence to issue and invest in Islamic bonds (Rahim and Othman, 2021). According to Ghassan, Balli and Aljeefri (2021), a crisis has little impact on the volatility of sukuk spreads. The result is due to market participants' belief in sukuk as an important asset class in their investment portfolios. This research aims to address this problem.Keywords: Financial crisis, Sukuk, CGARCH, components, DJSI
2008年的全球金融危机是伊斯兰债券的第一次实际考验。这场危机对新生的伊斯兰债券市场产生了负面影响,危机期间有几只债券的发行量创下新低。另一方面,伊斯兰债券投资领域自2009年以来强劲反弹,目前已完全复苏。因此,伊斯兰债券市场的表现已被证明具有弹性。道琼斯伊斯兰债券指数(DJSI)在经历了一段时间的表现不佳后,已经完全从危机中恢复过来。伊斯兰债券指数的表现是根据回报和风险两方面来判断的。较低的波动性和较高的夏普比率进一步增强了其优越的性能。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,伊斯兰债券投资者也参考了2008年全球金融危机的这种情况,寻求发行和投资伊斯兰债券的机会和信心(Rahim和Othman, 2021)。根据Ghassan, Balli和Aljeefri(2021)的研究,危机对伊斯兰债券利差波动的影响很小。这一结果是由于市场参与者相信伊斯兰债券是其投资组合中的一个重要资产类别。本研究旨在解决这一问题。关键词:金融危机,伊斯兰债券,CGARCH,成分股,DJSI
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引用次数: 0
Developing Firms’ Collective Emotional Intelligence with Subjective Well-Being and Happiness Perception as Triggers. 以主观幸福感和幸福感为触发因素的企业集体情商研究。
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(67)
Eduardo Ahumada Tello, Karen Ramos, Rafael Ravina Ripoll, Esthela Galván Vela
Currently, organizations carry out processes for the development of strategies that helps increasing their competitiveness. To achieve this, organizations implement a systematization of the activities that must be developed to acquire knowledge and that with it they are able to develop processes that reflect collective intelligence that affects socioeconomic growth and intervene in the decision-making process. Taking into consideration that in the current environment of companies, there is a combination between human and technological elements, in which the former depends on an immeasurable number of variables that condition their behaviour, level of satisfaction and performance, for the purposes of this study, two variables are taken to verify the level of incidence they have on the development of collective intelligence from complex processes in the social sphere.Keywords: Collective Intelligence, Happiness, Well-Being, Collective Intelligence, Technology-Based Firms
目前,组织执行有助于提高其竞争力的战略发展过程。为了实现这一目标,组织实施了一种系统化的活动,这些活动必须被开发出来以获取知识,并且有了知识,他们就能够开发反映集体智慧的过程,这些集体智慧影响社会经济增长并干预决策过程。考虑到在当前的公司环境中,存在人与技术因素之间的结合,其中前者依赖于无法衡量的数量的变量,这些变量决定了他们的行为,满意度和绩效水平,为了本研究的目的,采用两个变量来验证它们对社会领域复杂过程中集体智慧发展的发生率。关键词:集体智慧,幸福,幸福,集体智慧,技术型企业
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引用次数: 0
Study on the influence of Islamic Customer Engagement and Religiosity on Customer Loyalty (Study on Sharia Bank Customers in Malang) 伊斯兰客户敬业度和宗教信仰对客户忠诚的影响研究(以玛琅伊斯兰银行客户为研究对象)
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(104)
Irmayanti Hasan, S. Surachman, A. Rofiq, A. Hussein
Islamic banks need loyal customers in order to survive and improve their performance in banking competition. The image of Islamic banks is still lagging behind conventional banks. This situation is one of the challenges of Islamic banks to develop and become a bank used by many customers both Muslim and non-Islamic. For a Muslim using Islamic banking is a religious guidance that must be obeyed and implemented. This study examines the influence of religiosity and Islamic customer engangement on the loyalty of Islamic bank customers in Malang City. Data analysis using SEM-PLS. The results indicate all hypotheses are accepted, i.e. there is a positive and significant influence between religiosity and Islamic customer engangement on loyalty, imagery to loyalty.Keywords: Religiosity, Islamic Customer Engangement, Loyalty, Sharia Bank
伊斯兰银行需要忠诚的客户来生存和提高他们在银行业竞争中的表现。伊斯兰银行的形象仍然落后于传统银行。这种情况是伊斯兰银行发展成为穆斯林和非伊斯兰客户都使用的银行所面临的挑战之一。对于穆斯林来说,使用伊斯兰银行是必须遵守和执行的宗教指导。本研究探讨宗教信仰与伊斯兰客户参与对玛琅市伊斯兰银行客户忠诚度的影响。使用SEM-PLS进行数据分析。结果表明,所有假设都被接受,即宗教信仰和伊斯兰顾客参与对忠诚、意象对忠诚有显著的正向影响。关键词:宗教性,伊斯兰客户参与,忠诚度,伊斯兰银行
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Incentive Principles Based on Mato System toward Firm Performance through Employee Productivity 基于Mato系统的激励原则通过员工生产率对企业绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(1)
H. Hanif
This study aims to examine the role of employee work productivity as a mediating variable in the relationship of the incentive principles based on mato system toward firm performance. Data was collected by means of survey method through questionnaire filled out by 77 respondents. Data of the study was collected by means of PLS. There is a positive effect of the incentive principles based on mato system toward firm performance and the finding shows that employee work productivity has a positive role to mediate the effect of incentive principles based on mato system toward firm performance. Incentive principles based on mato system is a new variable in the realm of management accounting. The variable reflects a unique business management in a restaurant firm, and is evidently able to improve employee work productivity to create value added of the restaurant firm.Keywords: Incentive principles, mato system, employee work productivity, firm performance, value added, Profit sharing
本研究旨在探讨员工工作效率作为中介变量在基于mato制度的激励原则对企业绩效的关系中所起的作用。采用问卷调查的方式收集数据,共77名被调查者填写问卷。研究数据采用PLS法进行收集,结果表明基于mato制度的激励原则对企业绩效存在正向影响,员工工作生产率对基于mato制度的激励原则对企业绩效的影响具有正向中介作用。基于自动化系统的激励原则是管理会计领域的一个新变量。该变量反映了餐饮企业独特的经营管理方式,能够明显提高员工的工作效率,从而创造餐饮企业的附加价值。关键词:激励原则,自动化系统,员工工作效率,企业绩效,增值,利润分享
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引用次数: 0
To Examine the Maturity of the Sustainability Framework in the Malaysian Banking Industry, a Case Study 以马来西亚银行业为例,探讨可持续发展框架的成熟度
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(31)
Wong Tze Yow
Since emergence of COVID 19 Pandemic and post the Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008 coupled with the recent decade trending recession in the world, the 21st century calls for a higher action to protect the environment. The fragile earth plagued by prolonged pollution, over development and of global warming require corporations to play a more crucial role in sustainability. Corporations and banks have since practiced CSR in the early days now move to ESG activities driven by investment requirements and pressures from various stakeholders. CSR and ESG reporting are supported through many sustainability frameworks. In the US, UK and EU both corporations and banks are ahead with the adoption of these sustainability practices and have positive results evidenced in financial performance and firm's market value over the years. Asia also follows suit in the adoption of sustainability practices following their western counterparts driven by investment decisions. The banking industry in Malaysia though actively involved in CSR, some already in ESG but differing sustainability frameworks do not create a consistency in reporting. The research seeks to understand better of the situation among top local banks while undercovering best practices from key international banks regarded as recognized banks with good sustainability practices. This case study approach also includes interviews with selected top industry leaders within the banking fraternity in Malaysia on sustainability values and of their organization drive towards achieving a more structured, transparent practice and consistency in information reporting.Keywords: CSR, ESG, Sustainability Frameworks, Banks, Malaysia
自2019冠状病毒病大流行出现以来,2007-2008年全球金融危机之后,加上最近十年世界经济衰退,21世纪要求采取更高的行动来保护环境。脆弱的地球受到长期污染、过度开发和全球变暖的困扰,这要求企业在可持续发展方面发挥更重要的作用。公司和银行在早期实践了企业社会责任,现在在投资要求和各种利益相关者的压力的推动下转向了ESG活动。许多可持续发展框架都支持CSR和ESG报告。在美国、英国和欧盟,企业和银行都率先采用了这些可持续发展实践,多年来在财务业绩和公司市场价值方面取得了积极的成果。亚洲也在效仿西方同行,在投资决策的推动下采用可持续发展做法。马来西亚的银行业虽然积极参与企业社会责任,但有些已经参与了ESG,但不同的可持续发展框架并没有在报告中创造一致性。该研究旨在更好地了解本地顶级银行的情况,同时发掘被认为具有良好可持续发展实践的主要国际银行的最佳实践。本案例研究方法还包括对马来西亚银行业内选定的顶级行业领导者进行访谈,讨论可持续发展价值观,以及他们的组织在实现更结构化、更透明的实践和信息报告一致性方面的努力。关键词:企业社会责任,ESG,可持续发展框架,银行,马来西亚
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引用次数: 0
Stock Price Synchronicity, Earnings Quality, Foreign Ownership: Evidence of ASX200 Firms 股票价格同步性、盈余质量、外资持股:基于ASX200公司的证据
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(80)
Jessie D. Yuwono, Y. H. Martowidjojo
The issue of stock price synchronicity has been a debate for more than a decade. The question is central to what information that is more reflected in market stock price. One stream suggests that firm-specific information is, relatively, more reflected in its stock price, while the other streams argues that market (industry)-specific information is more relevant in stock price formation (Zhou, 2007). Studies about stock price synchronicity have been ubiquitous in emerging markets (e.g. Gul et al., 2010; Li et al., 2020; Vo & Chu, 2019; Farooq & Aktaruzzaman, 2016; Lyimo, 2014). Price synchronicity studies are also found in mature markets but majorly in US (e.g. Zhou, 2007; Gul et al., 2011; Kan & Gong, 2018). To the author knowledge, the only study of stock price synchronicity in Australia is by Bissessur & Hodgson (2012) that investigate the impact of IFRS adoption. Generally, prior studies found that IFRS implementation increases financial reporting quality. Specifically, this study focuses on the relationship between earnings quality and price synchronicity, since earnings is the mostly accounting information used by investors to price the stocks in the market.Keywords: ASX200,Conservatism, Foreign ownership, Stock price synchronicity, Timeliness, Value relevance
股价同步性问题已经争论了十多年。这个问题的核心是什么信息更能反映在市场股票价格上。一种观点认为,相对而言,企业特定信息更多地反映在其股价中,而另一种观点认为,市场(行业)特定信息在股价形成中更为相关(Zhou, 2007)。关于股价同步性的研究在新兴市场已经无处不在(如Gul et al., 2010;Li et al., 2020;Vo & Chu, 2019;Farooq & Aktaruzzaman, 2016;Lyimo, 2014)。价格同步性研究也见于成熟市场,但主要在美国(例如Zhou, 2007;Gul等人,2011;Kan & Gong, 2018)。据笔者所知,澳大利亚唯一的股票价格同同性研究是由bisesssur & Hodgson(2012)调查采用国际财务报告准则的影响。一般来说,先前的研究发现,国际财务报告准则的实施提高了财务报告质量。具体而言,本研究关注的是盈余质量与价格同步性之间的关系,因为盈余是投资者在市场上为股票定价时主要使用的会计信息。关键词:ASX200,稳健性,外资持股,股价同步性,时效性,价值相关性
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引用次数: 0
The Design and Development of Interactive Multimedia Based on ADDIE Model to Publicize the Department of Educational Communications and Technology 基于ADDIE模型的教育传播与技术系交互式多媒体宣传设计与开发
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(11)
Kuntida Thamwipat, P. Princhankol
Due to rapid changes in the current society, there are also changes in other areas of life such as attitudes, beliefs, cultures, technologies and education. Right now, there is a need to reform education in order to keep up-to-date with the current changes. The mission of the Department of Educational Communications and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) is to create educational technologists and journalists who understand theories and have relevant skills so that they can apply their knowledge and skills in various situations and activities. It is expected that they can integrate their bodies of knowledge and mass media to solve problems and to develop human resources effectively . Therefore, the researchers are aware of the need to design and develop media to keep up-to-date and to publicize the Department to a wider audience. This research was aimed to develop interactive multimedia based on ADDIE Model to publicize the Department of Educational Communications and Technology in an online channel to increase the perception and the satisfaction of the students.Keywords: Interactive, Multimedia , ADDIE Model , Publicity, Department
由于当前社会的快速变化,生活的其他领域也发生了变化,如态度、信仰、文化、技术和教育。现在,有必要改革教育,以跟上当前的变化。蒙库特国王吞武里科技大学工业教育与技术学院教育传播与技术系的使命是培养理解理论并具有相关技能的教育技术专家和新闻工作者,以便他们能够在各种情况和活动中应用他们的知识和技能。期望他们能够整合自己的知识体系和大众媒体来解决问题和有效地开发人力资源。因此,研究人员认识到有必要设计和发展媒体,使其保持最新情况,并向更广泛的受众宣传新闻部。本研究旨在开发基于ADDIE模型的互动多媒体,在网路上宣传教育传播技术部,以提高学生对教育传播技术部的认知和满意度。关键词:互动,多媒体,ADDIE模式,宣传,部门
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引用次数: 0
Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Relationships between Leadership Skill, Job Stress and Job Performance among Female Managers in China 中国女性管理者工作满意度对领导技能、工作压力和工作绩效关系的调节作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(85)
Nurul Aisyah Awanis binti A Rahim, Penghua Penghua, K. Omar, Wan Norhayati Mohamed, Dewan Niamul Karim, S. Wijoyo
Employee performance in human resources management research is an evergreen subject and is relevant for further review. Employers should consider what constitutes to work performance since knowing variables that can affect the performance of workers can also help the organizations in the long run because after all, the performance of individual employees will also determine organizational performance as a whole.The method for this study is using questioannires survey. The questionnaires were distributed to 489 female managers in China from manufacturing industry (new energy, food manufacturing, textiles, computer manufacturing and communications manufacturing). The data was analyzed by using SPSS 20 for descriptive statistics and PLS 3 for inferential analysis.The result found that leadership skills and job satisfaction have a positive and significant relationship with job performance among female managers in China. Meanwhile, job stress has a negative and significant relationship with job performance among female managers in China. Additionally, this study found that job satisfaction moderates the relationships between leadership skills, job stress, and job performance. The findings of this study can assist both employees and employers to better understand the factors that could influence female managers’ job performance. The paper concludes with implications for both theory and practice.Keywords: Job satisfaction, leadership skill, job stress, employee performance, female managers, China
员工绩效在人力资源管理研究中是一个常青树的课题,值得进一步研究。雇主应该考虑是什么构成了工作绩效,因为知道变量可以影响员工的绩效也可以帮助组织从长远来看,因为毕竟,个别员工的绩效也将决定组织的整体绩效。本研究采用问卷调查法。问卷调查对象为中国制造业(新能源、食品、纺织、计算机、通讯)的489名女性管理人员。数据分析采用SPSS 20进行描述性统计,PLS 3进行推理分析。结果发现,中国女性管理者的领导技能和工作满意度与工作绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系。同时,中国女性管理者的工作压力与工作绩效之间存在显著负向关系。此外,本研究还发现,工作满意度调节了领导技能、工作压力和工作绩效之间的关系。本研究的发现可以帮助员工和雇主更好地了解影响女性管理者工作绩效的因素。本文的结论具有理论和实践意义。关键词:工作满意度,领导技能,工作压力,员工绩效,女性管理者,中国
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引用次数: 0
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