Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(89)
Saidatul Akma Hamik, A. Mohamed
Food waste has been described as a global problem with numerous root causes (Minor et al., 2019; Narvanen et al., 2020; Niina et al., 2022; Weber and Khademian, 2008). Food waste has reached alarming proportions, with approximately one-third of all food produced going to waste (FAO, 2014; Gustavsson et al., 2011). Food waste accounts for 20% of all food produced in the European Union(EU), costing 143 billion EUR annum (Stenmarck et al., 2016). A study was done by Future Directions International (FDI) in 2016 found that 25% of the globe's food waste happens in South and Southeast Asia. Food waste prevention at the source must be the main priority. Still, the EU's food waste hierarchy puts redistribution of surplus food for human consumption as the second-best option when food waste cannot be avoided (European Commission, 2020). Some Southeast Asia countries managed 64% of avoidable food waste by redistributing it to those in need (Tech Collective, 2019). Most food waste is managed via lower-priority methods, including composting, incineration, or landfill (European Comission, 2020; Eurostat, 2020; Obersteiner et al., 2021). Redistribution of surplus food or food donation to a marginalised community can be advantageous. Aside from the environmental, economic and social benefits, using the food for its intended purpose preserves its energy and nutrient content. Furthermore, surplus food redistribution is increasingly recognised to address food insecurity and food waste (Schneider, 2013). In Malaysia, the government is concerned with redistributing surplus food operated by a food bank or charity organisation via donations from the food retail industry (Hamik et al., 2021). Keywords: Redistribution, Surplus Food, Food Donor, Government Policy and Practices
食物浪费被描述为一个有许多根本原因的全球性问题(Minor等人，2019;Narvanen et al.， 2020;Niina et al.， 2022;Weber and Khademian, 2008)。食物浪费已达到惊人的程度，约有三分之一的粮食被浪费(粮农组织，2014年;Gustavsson et al.， 2011)。食物浪费占欧盟所有食物生产的20%，每年花费1430亿欧元(Stenmarck et al.， 2016)。2016年，国际未来方向组织(FDI)的一项研究发现，全球25%的食物浪费发生在南亚和东南亚。从源头上预防食物浪费必须成为主要优先事项。尽管如此，当食物浪费无法避免时，欧盟的食物浪费等级制度将重新分配剩余食物供人类消费作为次佳选择(欧盟委员会，2020年)。一些东南亚国家通过将可避免的食物浪费重新分配给有需要的人，管理了64%的食物浪费(Tech Collective, 2019年)。大多数食物垃圾都是通过较低优先级的方法来管理的，包括堆肥、焚烧或填埋(欧洲委员会，2020;欧盟统计局,2020;Obersteiner et al.， 2021)。将剩余粮食重新分配或向边缘化社区捐赠粮食可能是有利的。除了环境、经济和社会效益外，按预期用途使用食品还能保留其能量和营养成分。此外，人们越来越认识到，剩余粮食的再分配可以解决粮食不安全和粮食浪费问题(Schneider, 2013)。在马来西亚，政府关心的是通过食品零售业的捐赠，重新分配由食品银行或慈善组织经营的剩余食品(Hamik等人，2021)。关键词:再分配，剩余粮食，粮食捐助者，政府政策与实践
{"title":"Government Policy and Practices to Support Malaysian Food Donors in Redistribution of Surplus Food. Are there sufficient?","authors":"Saidatul Akma Hamik, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(89)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(89)","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste has been described as a global problem with numerous root causes (Minor et al., 2019; Narvanen et al., 2020; Niina et al., 2022; Weber and Khademian, 2008). Food waste has reached alarming proportions, with approximately one-third of all food produced going to waste (FAO, 2014; Gustavsson et al., 2011). Food waste accounts for 20% of all food produced in the European Union(EU), costing 143 billion EUR annum (Stenmarck et al., 2016). A study was done by Future Directions International (FDI) in 2016 found that 25% of the globe's food waste happens in South and Southeast Asia. Food waste prevention at the source must be the main priority. Still, the EU's food waste hierarchy puts redistribution of surplus food for human consumption as the second-best option when food waste cannot be avoided (European Commission, 2020). Some Southeast Asia countries managed 64% of avoidable food waste by redistributing it to those in need (Tech Collective, 2019). Most food waste is managed via lower-priority methods, including composting, incineration, or landfill (European Comission, 2020; Eurostat, 2020; Obersteiner et al., 2021). Redistribution of surplus food or food donation to a marginalised community can be advantageous. Aside from the environmental, economic and social benefits, using the food for its intended purpose preserves its energy and nutrient content. Furthermore, surplus food redistribution is increasingly recognised to address food insecurity and food waste (Schneider, 2013). In Malaysia, the government is concerned with redistributing surplus food operated by a food bank or charity organisation via donations from the food retail industry (Hamik et al., 2021).\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Redistribution, Surplus Food, Food Donor, Government Policy and Practices","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(47)
S. Wibowo, W. Dhewanto, D. C. Lantu, D. Dellyana
The e-marketplace is a technological innovation that facilitates the interaction of several sellers and buyers on a single electronic platform, resulting in more efficient transactions and a broader market reach. Despite these benefits, SMEs adoption of this e-marketplace remains poor. The objective of this study is to examine and characterize the critical success factors (CSFs) affecting SMEs' adoption of e-marketplaces.A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted to explore CSFs of e-marketplace from previous studies. The 21 publications were critically reviewed in order to comprehend the theoretical framework used in previous research and the CSFs associated with e-marketplace adoption. In general, the framework used is a combination of the technology-organization-environment framework and the diffusion of innovation.This study identifies eight CSFs, namely perceived relative advantages, compatibility, security, product characteristics, top management support, competitive pressure, partner pressure, and government support.This study advises researchers and practitioners on the CSFs that should be considered while adopting an e-marketplace by SMEs. Keywords: Electronic marketplace adoption; e-marketplace; literature review; critical success factors; small and medium-sized enterprises.
{"title":"Identification of Critical Success Factors of E-Marketplace\u0000Adoption by SMEs: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Wibowo, W. Dhewanto, D. C. Lantu, D. Dellyana","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(47)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(47)","url":null,"abstract":"The e-marketplace is a technological innovation that facilitates the interaction of several sellers\u0000and buyers on a single electronic platform, resulting in more efficient transactions and a broader\u0000market reach. Despite these benefits, SMEs adoption of this e-marketplace remains poor. The\u0000objective of this study is to examine and characterize the critical success factors (CSFs) affecting\u0000SMEs' adoption of e-marketplaces.A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted\u0000to explore CSFs of e-marketplace from previous studies. The 21 publications were critically\u0000reviewed in order to comprehend the theoretical framework used in previous research and the\u0000CSFs associated with e-marketplace adoption. In general, the framework used is a combination\u0000of the technology-organization-environment framework and the diffusion of innovation.This\u0000study identifies eight CSFs, namely perceived relative advantages, compatibility, security,\u0000product characteristics, top management support, competitive pressure, partner pressure, and\u0000government support.This study advises researchers and practitioners on the CSFs that should be\u0000considered while adopting an e-marketplace by SMEs.\u0000Keywords: Electronic marketplace adoption; e-marketplace; literature review; critical success\u0000factors; small and medium-sized enterprises.","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121430727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(56)
Vazeerjan Begum, T. Arshi, Abdel Fatah, A., Xuan Chan, S., Govindaswami M.
Several studies have examined gender discrimination in Malaysia and have found Malaysian retail sector is plagued with discriminatory practices. Research has shown that many discriminatory practices are based on established perceptions that make women vulnerable to discrimination. This study aimed to analyze the drivers of gender discrimination in entry-level jobs in the Malaysian retail sector. The study unpacks the drivers that make women vulnerable due to preconceived notions leading to gender discrimination and investigates causal, reversed causal, and reciprocal relationships. Keywords: Gender discrimination, perception, vulnerability, Malaysia, retail sector.
{"title":"A Cross-lagged Study of Gender Discrimination in Entry-level Jobs in the Malaysian Retail Sector: A Vulnerability Theory Perspective","authors":"Vazeerjan Begum, T. Arshi, Abdel Fatah, A., Xuan Chan, S., Govindaswami M.","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(56)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(56)","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have examined gender discrimination in Malaysia and have found Malaysian retail sector is plagued with discriminatory practices. Research has shown that many discriminatory practices are based on established perceptions that make women vulnerable to discrimination. This study aimed to analyze the drivers of gender discrimination in entry-level jobs in the Malaysian retail sector. The study unpacks the drivers that make women vulnerable due to preconceived notions leading to gender discrimination and investigates causal, reversed causal, and reciprocal relationships.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Gender discrimination, perception, vulnerability, Malaysia, retail sector.","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121547315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(10)
Noor Hayati Romli, Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz, Pramela Krish
Although the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) had been shunned in second language teaching, the stigma of using the first language (L1) while teaching the second language (L2) has been continuously debated by L2 scholars and teachers. Regarding the use of L1 in the L2 classrooms, monolingual approach and bilingual approach both has contrastive stands on this issue. While the advocators of the monolingual approach strongly reject the use of L1 in L2 classrooms, there is no strong evidence to prove that it could affect L2 learning. The proponents of bilingual principal believed that the utilisation of L1 is inevitable when the teachers and learners share the same L1. This research study aims to examine the use of L1 (BM) by L2 (English) teachers during the teaching process. Keywords: L1, L2, Grammar Translation Method (GTM).
{"title":"L1 Use among L2 Teachers: Vıews Vs Practıce","authors":"Noor Hayati Romli, Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz, Pramela Krish","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(10)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(10)","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) had been shunned in second language teaching, the stigma of using the first language (L1) while teaching the second language (L2) has been continuously debated by L2 scholars and teachers. Regarding the use of L1 in the L2 classrooms, monolingual approach and bilingual approach both has contrastive stands on this issue. While the advocators of the monolingual approach strongly reject the use of L1 in L2 classrooms, there is no strong evidence to prove that it could affect L2 learning. The proponents of bilingual principal believed that the utilisation of L1 is inevitable when the teachers and learners share the same L1. This research study aims to examine the use of L1 (BM) by L2 (English) teachers during the teaching process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: L1, L2, Grammar Translation Method (GTM).","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126304164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(39)
Kulteera Thongyai, Wisanupong Potipiroon
In Thailand, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Thai SMEs constitute a major source of employment, generate significant earnings, and contribute to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, the 4th SME Promotion Master Plan (2017-2021) has put a significant emphasis on upgrading Thai SMEs and increasing their growth potential. However, Thai SMEs still have problems and limitations, for instance, almost all are small enterprises, few medium enterprises, management system limitations, only a minority of SMEs able to compete in the international market, and a continuous trade deficit. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has further the slowdown in the economic growth of SMEs. (The Office of SMEs Promotion, 2022). Therefore, SMEs need to continuously improve and develop organizational performance to compete in the domestic and international markets. It is important to understand how SMEs can continue to grow and compete in the markets. Previous research in the business management literature indicates that there are several factors that account for the development of SMEs including CEO Attributes, leadership styles, and human resource management. Recent research also reveals that in order to survive the new normal imposed by COVID-19 and the market competition, several SMEs have adopted technical innovation and marketing and processes innovation (Akpan et al., 2020; El Chaarani et al., 2021). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Leadership; Intellectual Capital; Innovation; Organizational Performance
在泰国，中小企业在促进经济增长和可持续发展方面发挥了重要作用。泰国中小企业是就业的主要来源，创造了可观的收入，并为该国的国内生产总值(GDP)做出了贡献。因此，第四次中小企业促进总体计划(2017-2021年)非常重视泰国中小企业的升级和增长潜力。然而，泰国中小企业仍然存在问题和局限性，例如，几乎所有的小企业，很少的中型企业，管理制度的限制，只有少数中小企业能够在国际市场上竞争，持续的贸易逆差。此外，新冠肺炎疫情进一步导致中小企业经济增速放缓。(中小企业促进办公室，2022)。因此，中小企业需要不断提高和发展组织绩效，才能在国内外市场上竞争。了解中小企业如何在市场中继续成长和竞争是很重要的。以往企业管理文献的研究表明，影响中小企业发展的因素有CEO属性、领导风格、人力资源管理等。最近的研究还表明，为了在新冠肺炎和市场竞争的新常态中生存下来，一些中小企业采取了技术创新、营销和流程创新(Akpan等人，2020;El Chaarani et al.， 2021)。关键词:企业家领导;智力资本;创新;组织性能
{"title":"The Influence of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Organizational Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Kulteera Thongyai, Wisanupong Potipiroon","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(39)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(39)","url":null,"abstract":"In Thailand, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Thai SMEs constitute a major source of employment, generate significant earnings, and contribute to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, the 4th SME Promotion Master Plan (2017-2021) has put a significant emphasis on upgrading Thai SMEs and increasing their growth potential. However, Thai SMEs still have problems and limitations, for instance, almost all are small enterprises, few medium enterprises, management system limitations, only a minority of SMEs able to compete in the international market, and a continuous trade deficit. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has further the slowdown in the economic growth of SMEs. (The Office of SMEs Promotion, 2022). Therefore, SMEs need to continuously improve and develop organizational performance to compete in the domestic and international markets. It is important to understand how SMEs can continue to grow and compete in the markets. Previous research in the business management literature indicates that there are several factors that account for the development of SMEs including CEO Attributes, leadership styles, and human resource management. Recent research also reveals that in order to survive the new normal imposed by COVID-19 and the market competition, several SMEs have adopted technical innovation and marketing and processes innovation (Akpan et al., 2020; El Chaarani et al., 2021).\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Entrepreneurial Leadership; Intellectual Capital; Innovation; Organizational Performance","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"326 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(102)
P. Das, Rebecca S. Y. Wong, Saravana Kumar
Introduction: Depression and anxiety are examples of psychiatric diseases that can have a significant impact on one's mental health. The most common psychiatric illness that can be diagnosed among students is depression. The study's goal was to evaluate the relationship between stress, depression, and anxiety and coping techniques among university students. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, DASS-21 and Brief-COPE inventory were used. Results: The study comprised 108 university students ranging in age from 19 to 74 years old. Depression is connected to acceptance, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame. Acceptance, religion, denial, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame are all correlated to anxiety. Stress is associated with acceptance, self-distraction, denial, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame. Conclusion: Maladaptive coping methods such venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame have a major impact on university students' stress, anxiety, and depression levels. A deeper knowledge of the underlying influence of coping strategies on stress, depression, and anxiety among university students during Covid-19 outbreak will be gained through this study, allowing for early intervention and improved outcomes. Keywords: Psychiatric disorders; Stress; Depression; Anxiety; Student; Coping styles
{"title":"Association between Stress, Depression, Anxiety and Coping Styles among Malaysian University Students during Covid-19 Outbreak","authors":"P. Das, Rebecca S. Y. Wong, Saravana Kumar","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(102)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(102)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Depression and anxiety are examples of psychiatric diseases that can have a significant impact on one's mental health. The most common psychiatric illness that can be diagnosed among students is depression. The study's goal was to evaluate the relationship between stress, depression, and anxiety and coping techniques among university students. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, DASS-21 and Brief-COPE inventory were used. Results: The study comprised 108 university students ranging in age from 19 to 74 years old. Depression is connected to acceptance, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame. Acceptance, religion, denial, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame are all correlated to anxiety. Stress is associated with acceptance, self-distraction, denial, venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame. Conclusion: Maladaptive coping methods such venting, behavioural disengagement, and self-blame have a major impact on university students' stress, anxiety, and depression levels. A deeper knowledge of the underlying influence of coping strategies on stress, depression, and anxiety among university students during Covid-19 outbreak will be gained through this study, allowing for early intervention and improved outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Psychiatric disorders; Stress; Depression; Anxiety; Student; Coping styles","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116695626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(18)
Aris Wahyu Raharjo, S. Wiryono, R. A. Rahadi
Indonesian Investment Authority (INA) which is considered as the Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund was established under government regulation (PP) No.74/2020. This regulation is derived from Act No.11/2020 regarding the employment creation. INA is formed to build wealth for future generations and contribute to Indonesia's sustainable economic development. The objective of INA is to support national economic recovery by attracting foreign investment in providing funding for various key sector projects. INA offers 8 key investment sectors, namely: Infrastructure, Supply Chain and Logistic, Digital Infrastructure, Green Investing, Healthcare, Financial Service, Consumer and Technology, Tourism. The capital sources of INA are formed from state budget (APBN) in 2020 as much as Rp. 15 Trillion (US$ 1.05 billion), from state-owned enterprises (BRI and Mandiri Bank) as much as Rp. 60 trillion (US$ 4.5 billion). It is expected that INA will continue its growth through investor partnership to reach agreement of additional US$ 20 billion fund in the near future (http://www.ina.go.id). Prior to establishing Indonesian Investment Authority (INA), Government of Indonesia has formed various different kind of investment agencies, namely: Pengelola Investasi Pemerintah (PIP) established in 2007, PT. Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) established in 2009, Indonesia Infrastructure Finance (IIF) established in 2010. They were primarily devoted to foster infrastructure development in Indonesia. The development of infrastructure in Indonesia is aiming to improve the standard of living as stipulated by social development goal (SDG), to improve infrastructure competitiveness as one of main component for national competitiveness and also to promote national economic growth. Currently, infrastructure development is challenged by global funding scarcity. There is increasing gap in between funding requirement and available fund at global level Keywords: Indonesia Sovereign Wealth Fund; Firm Value; Infrastructure Development; Structured Literature Review
印度尼西亚投资局(INA)被视为印度尼西亚的主权财富基金，是根据政府法规(PP) No.74/2020成立的。该规定源自关于创造就业的第11/2020号法案。INA成立的目的是为子孙后代创造财富，为印尼的可持续经济发展做出贡献。INA的目标是通过吸引外国投资为各种关键部门项目提供资金来支持国民经济复苏。INA提供8个重点投资领域，分别是:基础设施、供应链与物流、数字基础设施、绿色投资、医疗保健、金融服务、消费与科技、旅游。2020年，INA的资金来源来自国家预算(APBN)高达15万亿卢比(10.5亿美元)，来自国有企业(BRI和Mandiri银行)高达60万亿卢比(45亿美元)。预计INA将通过投资者伙伴关系继续增长，在不久的将来达成额外200亿美元基金的协议(http://www.ina.go.id)。在成立印尼投资局(INA)之前，印尼政府成立了各种不同类型的投资机构，即:2007年成立的Pengelola Investasi Pemerintah (PIP)， 2009年成立的PT. Sarana Multi infrastructur (Persero)， 2010年成立的印尼基础设施融资(IIF)。它们主要用于促进印度尼西亚的基础设施发展。印尼基础设施的发展旨在提高社会发展目标(SDG)规定的生活水平，提高基础设施竞争力作为国家竞争力的主要组成部分之一，促进国家经济增长。当前，基础设施建设面临全球资金短缺的挑战。资金需求与全球可用资金之间的差距越来越大[关键词]印度尼西亚主权财富基金;公司价值;基础设施建设;结构化文献综述
{"title":"Indonesia Evolving Sovereign Wealth Fund: A Literature Review","authors":"Aris Wahyu Raharjo, S. Wiryono, R. A. Rahadi","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(18)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(18)","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian Investment Authority (INA) which is considered as the Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund was established under government regulation (PP) No.74/2020. This regulation is derived from Act No.11/2020 regarding the employment creation. INA is formed to build wealth for future generations and contribute to Indonesia's sustainable economic development. The objective of INA is to support national economic recovery by attracting foreign investment in providing funding for various key sector projects. INA offers 8 key investment sectors, namely: Infrastructure, Supply Chain and Logistic, Digital Infrastructure, Green Investing, Healthcare, Financial Service, Consumer and Technology, Tourism. The capital sources of INA are formed from state budget (APBN) in 2020 as much as Rp. 15 Trillion (US$ 1.05 billion), from state-owned enterprises (BRI and Mandiri Bank) as much as Rp. 60 trillion (US$ 4.5 billion). It is expected that INA will continue its growth through investor partnership to reach agreement of additional US$ 20 billion fund in the near future (http://www.ina.go.id). Prior to establishing Indonesian Investment Authority (INA), Government of Indonesia has formed various different kind of investment agencies, namely: Pengelola Investasi Pemerintah (PIP) established in 2007, PT. Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) established in 2009, Indonesia Infrastructure Finance (IIF) established in 2010. They were primarily devoted to foster infrastructure development in Indonesia. The development of infrastructure in Indonesia is aiming to improve the standard of living as stipulated by social development goal (SDG), to improve infrastructure competitiveness as one of main component for national competitiveness and also to promote national economic growth. Currently, infrastructure development is challenged by global funding scarcity. There is increasing gap in between funding requirement and available fund at global level\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Indonesia Sovereign Wealth Fund; Firm Value; Infrastructure Development; Structured Literature Review","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121796455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to test the effect of sustainable management on earning management. This study's sample includes 100 Thai firms from SET100 index that were listed between 2017 and 2019. The samples consist of 256 firm-year observations. Earning management is measured by the absolute value of the standard deviation of residuals from Yoon, et al. (2006) model and sustainability management of the firms is measured by using score of the sustainability awards of firm that up to type of sustainability awards that firm get. According to the results, sustainability management has a significant negative with earning management. The results suggested that firms which win the sustainability award have lower earning management. Because sustainable management is a result of the fundamental factor that is engrained in the firm on how to conduct its businesses such as corporate culture, ethics, beliefs, and social norms and they have incentive to be honest, trustworthy, and ethical and concerned with the impacts of earning management. Keywords: Sustainable Management, Earning Management, Thai Listed Firms in SET100 Index
{"title":"The Relationship between Sustainable Management and Earning Management of Thai Listed Firms in SET100 Index","authors":"Thanyawadee Mueangchai, Chaiyot Sumritsakun, Arunee Yodbutr, Ratchaneeya Bangmek","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(6)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(6)","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to test the effect of sustainable management on earning management. This study's sample includes 100 Thai firms from SET100 index that were listed between 2017 and 2019. The samples consist of 256 firm-year observations. Earning management is measured by the absolute value of the standard deviation of residuals from Yoon, et al. (2006) model and sustainability management of the firms is measured by using score of the sustainability awards of firm that up to type of sustainability awards that firm get. According to the results, sustainability management has a significant negative with earning management. The results suggested that firms which win the sustainability award have lower earning management. Because sustainable management is a result of the fundamental factor that is engrained in the firm on how to conduct its businesses such as corporate culture, ethics, beliefs, and social norms and they have incentive to be honest, trustworthy, and ethical and concerned with the impacts of earning management.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Sustainable Management, Earning Management, Thai Listed Firms in SET100 Index","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121572583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(48)
Fatin Afiqah Md. Azmi, N. Maimun
The size of thin heritage property market in real numbers has become a big question amongst the researchers of the globe. This paper investigates a cut-off value towards the definition of thin market. The documentary method involves a consistently comparative sequential analysis in the study areas. The results emphasized on the clarification of the thin market that can be based on the transaction volume of the pre-war shophouses with the range of 2 to 13 transactions per year. The finding has demonstrated that Kota Bharu is categorized under thin market while Melaka Tengah and George Town are classified as thick markets. In this regard, government and private valuers as well as researchers should identify the size of heritage property market before making an assessment to avoid the inaccurate, unrealistic, and bias price. This paper provides an opportunity for future research in specifying an effective approach for heritage property valuation. Keywords: size of thin market, illiquid, property transactions, pre-war shophouses, heritage property valuation.
{"title":"A Comparative Sequential Analysis of Thin Heritage Property\u0000Market","authors":"Fatin Afiqah Md. Azmi, N. Maimun","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(48)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(48)","url":null,"abstract":"The size of thin heritage property market in real numbers has become a big question amongst the\u0000researchers of the globe. This paper investigates a cut-off value towards the definition of thin\u0000market. The documentary method involves a consistently comparative sequential analysis in the\u0000study areas. The results emphasized on the clarification of the thin market that can be based on\u0000the transaction volume of the pre-war shophouses with the range of 2 to 13 transactions per year.\u0000The finding has demonstrated that Kota Bharu is categorized under thin market while Melaka\u0000Tengah and George Town are classified as thick markets. In this regard, government and private\u0000valuers as well as researchers should identify the size of heritage property market before making\u0000an assessment to avoid the inaccurate, unrealistic, and bias price. This paper provides an\u0000opportunity for future research in specifying an effective approach for heritage property\u0000valuation.\u0000Keywords: size of thin market, illiquid, property transactions, pre-war shophouses, heritage\u0000property valuation.","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122900999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(72)
Norzalina Ahmad, H. Shahar, Adilah Azhari
In 2017, the Malaysian government through Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has stipulated that all oil palm growers in Malaysia must obtain Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry in Malaysia. To help oil palm growers, especially independent smallholders, the government offers various incentives such as financial support and advisory services to them to ensure that they obtain MSPO certification. If this certification is not met, they will not be able to sell palm oil to the mills. Malaysia's Prime Minister declared mandatory MSPO certification implementation, and all oil palm grower were granted a grace period until 31 December 2019. However, according to the most recent data, only 31 percent of independent smallholders were certified as of December 2020. The impact of not having MSPO certification is significant, resulting in poor quality of life and remaining below the poverty line among independent smallholders. Based on the facts stated above, it is crucial to identify the factors that contribute to independent smallholders' low degree of certified ownership. Previous research has mostly focused on the factors that influence MSPO certification ownership among organized smallholders (See Shahida et al.(2018) and Begum et al. (2018)) and there is still a scarcity of research on independent smallholders. Ni et.al. (2016) revealed that awareness of MSPO is weak among independent smallholders where 97.5% of the survey respondent do not know about sustainable palm oil and 86.7% do not know about MSPO certification. This study further notes that the most important factors reported for the implementation of MSPO are the perceived advantages of the certification and policy support for the implementation of MSPO certification. Therefore, this study focuses on the independent smallholders and will look at how awareness, sustainability practices, and socio-demographic characteristics influence certification or non-certification among independent smallholders. Keywords: MSPO certification, Independent smallholders, Sustainability, Palm oil industry
{"title":"Awareness and Sustainability among Palm Oil Independent Smallholders: Adoption Decision of MSPO Certification","authors":"Norzalina Ahmad, H. Shahar, Adilah Azhari","doi":"10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(72)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(72)","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the Malaysian government through Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has stipulated that all oil palm growers in Malaysia must obtain Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry in Malaysia. To help oil palm growers, especially independent smallholders, the government offers various incentives such as financial support and advisory services to them to ensure that they obtain MSPO certification. If this certification is not met, they will not be able to sell palm oil to the mills. Malaysia's Prime Minister declared mandatory MSPO certification implementation, and all oil palm grower were granted a grace period until 31 December 2019. However, according to the most recent data, only 31 percent of independent smallholders were certified as of December 2020. The impact of not having MSPO certification is significant, resulting in poor quality of life and remaining below the poverty line among independent smallholders. Based on the facts stated above, it is crucial to identify the factors that contribute to independent smallholders' low degree of certified ownership. Previous research has mostly focused on the factors that influence MSPO certification ownership among organized smallholders (See Shahida et al.(2018) and Begum et al. (2018)) and there is still a scarcity of research on independent smallholders. Ni et.al. (2016) revealed that awareness of MSPO is weak among independent smallholders where 97.5% of the survey respondent do not know about sustainable palm oil and 86.7% do not know about MSPO certification. This study further notes that the most important factors reported for the implementation of MSPO are the perceived advantages of the certification and policy support for the implementation of MSPO certification. Therefore, this study focuses on the independent smallholders and will look at how awareness, sustainability practices, and socio-demographic characteristics influence certification or non-certification among independent smallholders.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: MSPO certification, Independent smallholders, Sustainability, Palm oil industry","PeriodicalId":340394,"journal":{"name":"13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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