Oil Crop Science最新文献

Aluminum has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. ALA (α-linolenic acid), an essential dietary component for human health, possesses prominent biological activities. Herein, we aim to explore the neuroprotective effects of ALA on aluminum toxicity and reveal the underlying mechanism. Results show that aluminum chloride (denoted as Al) enabled cell viability decline and apoptosis with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) for 24 ​h incubation. Compared with Al (10 ​mmol/L) treatment alone, ALA (50 ​μmol/L) pretreatment for 24 ​h significantly enhanced cell viability by 28.40%, and hindered cell apoptosis by 12.35%, together with recovering redox state balance and alleviating mitochondrial damage. It was measured that ALA treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax level, accompanied with an expression decline of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Meanwhile, ALA pretreatment was proved to increase protein kinase A (PKA) expression and to promote phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), resulting in elevation on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The above results showed that ALA attenuated Al toxicity in PC12 ​cells by mediating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.

Soil salinization is detrimental to the growth and development of flax and ultimately leads to a decrease in yield. However, the molecular mechanism of linseed response to salt stress is still unclear. In this study, a salt-tolerant (ST) linseed variety STS and a salt-sensitive (SS) variety DYM were selected as experiment materials. Bulk segregation analysis and whole-genome resequencing technologies were performed to map salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 38,625 QTL loci were identified. Fifteen genes (which were not annotated in the reference genome) were identified within a 2.597 ​Mb region in chromosome 1. Two salt tolerance candidate genes Lus.o.m.scaffold91.141 and Lus.o.m. Scaffold1.14 encoding WD40 and cytochrome P450 were identified by predicting protein functions. Previous studies showed that WD40 and cytochrome P450 could significantly improve plant salt stress tolerance. In this paper, results showed that Lus.o.m.scaffold91.141 and Lus.o.m. Scaffold1.14 might be involved in response to salt stress in lineseed. The fine mapping and functional analysis of these genes provide a molecular breeding basis for the genetic improvement of high salt-tolerant linseed varieties.

Water deficit is a limiting factor in sesame cultivars yield, thus identification of genetic mechanisms of sesame traits under water stress conditions is essential to development of water stress tolerant genotypes. Hence, the triple test cross (TTC) analysis in F₂ population of the sesame cross (NA₇₆ ​× ​NA₅₄) was used. Since, 30 TTC families with their 13 respective parents were evaluated during the summer season 2020 under two irrigation treatments. i.e., normal irrigation with 5952.38 ​m³ ​hm⁻² of applied water, and water stress with 2976.19 ​m³ ​hm⁻² of applied water. This was implemented at the experimental field of Kafr El Hamam/Sharkia, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Additive (D) and dominance (H) gene actions as well as epistatic and its two components of additive ​× ​additive, additive ​× ​dominance plus dominance ​× ​dominance were involved in the inheritance of all studied traits under both irrigation treatments and their combined analysis. The degree of dominance (H/D)^0.5 verified the presence of partial dominance in most cases. The correlation coefficient between sums (additive) and differences (dominance) was non-significant, showing that dominant genes between lines were ambidirectional. The moderately water stress tolerant TTC families as the best selected families were found in families 22, 25, 10, 12, and 15. Therefore, postponing selection in these selected families to later segregating generations for all studied traits would be effective to exploit the positive effects of additive ​× ​additive epistasis.

Winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is widely cultivated in winter in Northwest China, however, its cold-tolerant mechanism remains insufficiently understood. In this study, winter turnip rape cultivar Longyou 7, a cold-tolerant variety, was used as material, whose accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•-, antioxidant enzyme activity as well as differences in protein expression based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique under −4°C stress were analyzed. Results showed that, production of H₂O₂ and O₂^•- were increased in Longyou 7 leaves, simultaneously, SOD and POD activities were also obviously rosed up, but the activities of CAT and APX were gradually reduced with the temperature. Thirty-six differential protein spots were successfully identified between control and treatments group by using mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, 4 differential protein spots were induced under cold stress, and 2 were inhibited at −4°C. Functional analysis found that these identified proteins mainly participated in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, defense, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, redox and membrane metabolism, respectively. Additionally, 13 proteins' function were still unknown. In conclusion, strong antioxidant capacity and cell defense ability might play important roles in Longyou 7 response to cold stress.

Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops, rich in lipid (40–65%), protein (19–35%), and bioactive compounds. The review starts with bioactive components (fatty acid, tocopherol, phytosterol, sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) of sesame seeds. It considers processing techniques for extracting oil (aqueous extraction and pressing) from seeds. Novel technologies, such as enzyme-assisted aqueous, supercritical CO₂, and microwave-assisted solvent extraction, are also discussed. The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed. In the future, the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Oilseed flax is one of the most important oil crops in China. With the improvement of people's living standards and the deepening knowledge of the nutritional value of oilseed flax, the demand and economic value of oilseed flax are increasing, and the cultivated area in China is expanding. However, the grain yield of oilseed flax is lower than other oil crops. It varies significantly from year to year, combined with a lower degree of mechanization, which has greatly limited the healthy development of the flax industry. Some of the effects of agronomic measures on productivity and water use efficiency of oilseed flax are reviewed in this paper. The major agronomic strategies for the productivity of oilseed flax were presented based on fertilization, plant density, irrigation, cropping pattern and weed control. Future research should investigate the effect of silicon and potassium fertilizers on the mechanism of lodging resistance of oilseed flax, the effects of diversified cropping systems (strip intercropping and crop rotation) on high and stable productivity and efficient utilization of resources.

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important tropical oilseed crop, whose oil has versatile, practical value, especially in industries. The present study aimed to estimate the nature and magnitude of variability in the castor germplasm concerning yield and its component traits and physico-biochemical characters. Seed yield per plant and oil content ranged from 80.90 ​g (ICS-165) to 248.30 ​g (RG-3216), and 34.7% (ICS-172) to 58.7% (JI-277), respectively. The iodine value of oil ranged from 76.36 (JI-370) to 89.84 (P2-135) with an average value of 83.02. The mean saponification value of oil was 182.24. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for acid value, capsules on the main raceme, seed yield per plant, and total length of the main raceme. A positive association of porosity, average unit volume, and total length of the main raceme with seed yield per plant showed that these characters might be directly attributed to seed yield improvement. By Manhattan distances, the 30 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters. Their genetic diversity was elucidated using SSR and SRAP markers. SRAP marker produced higher mean number of total bands (5.71), polymorphic bands (4.57), percentage polymorphism (83.10%), PIC (1.72), RP (5.90), mean RP (1.02), MR (5.71), EMR (4.57) and MI (1.44) values when compared to SSR (2.89, 2.11, 79.63%, 0.61, 1.90, 0.72, 2.89, 2.11 and 0.49, respectively) marker. The highest genetic distance (0.77) was between 48-1 and JI-370, which indicated that these genotypes could be used in biparental mating schemes, QTL map development, and hybridization programmes to increase oil content and quality for industrial purposes.

Winter rape (Brassica napus L.) is better than other edible oil crops in China, but poor cold resistance is the key factor restricting its development. Hypocotyl length was found closely related to cold tolerance. ​The correlation between hypocotyl length and semi-lethal low temperature was significant, and the highest correlation between hypocotyl length and LT50 of autumn sowing was 0.9557. When the hypocotyl were treated at low temperature, the cells were seriously damaged and formed cavity structures, with cell walls seriously damaged or merged into each other. The positive regulation gene of hypocotyl length in resistant line of VHTSG 10 was identified as HY5 (transcription factor HY5-like) by qPCR, and bZIP transcription factor was found to be its conserved domain. Fused gene by GFP and HY5 from VHTSG 10 was transient transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Corresponding to the 35S:GFP widely distributed in plasma membrane of leaf epidermis, the fusion protein 35S:HY5-GFP was mainly distributed in nucleus. Thus we regarded BnHY5 gene is a key gene related to cold tolerance and hypocotyl length in B. napus.

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop. Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid, which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications. Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth, development and oilseed yield in castor bean. The transporters or carriers (SUTs or SUCs) play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses. In this study, based on castor bean genome, three RcSUCs (RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4) were identified and characterized. The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf, stem, root, phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression, suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues. Additionally, under abiotic stresses including hot temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stresses, the sugar allocation among leaf, stem and roots was tested. The expressional changes of RcSUCs in leaf, stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation. Taken together, the differential expression of RcSUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues. This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds, and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.

The secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) lignan of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is influenced by genotype, environment and the interaction of genotype ​× ​environment. This field study was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on the SDG lignan content, six genotypes (Longya 8, Zhangya 2, Linxiabai, Shandanbai, Gaolanbai, and DYMS) were sown under eight locations (Hohhot, Datong, Minle, Yili, Shuangta, Jingtai, Guyuan, and Zhangjiakou) in 2014 and 2015 in China. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Results showed that Longya 8 had the highest SDG lignan content (7.27 ​mg/g) and Shandanbai had the lowest (4.71 ​mg/g) across 16 environments. The SDG lignan content ranged from 4.70 ​mg/g at Datong to 7.74 ​mg/g at Minle Research Station. In the present study, the results indicated that differences among genotypes in SDG lignan content accounted for 51.38% variation of the total variation and environments accounted for 44.40% variation of the total variation. Moreover, we found that the altitude had a positive effect on SDG lignan content of flaxseed, presumably owing to differences in temperature, humidity, sunshine time, etc. These results indicated that the SDG lignan content was genetically controlled, and was also to be influenced by environmental conditions, especially altitude.