Oil Crop Science最新文献

To clarify the quality characters, understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers, the contents of crude fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers (including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines) were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed. The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type. Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content, significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content, while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content. Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2 principal component factors (linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor) with the contribution rate of 88.191%, which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality. 525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3 groups with obvious differences of quality characters, materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat, but the opposite was found in Group III. 59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy, and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method. This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a high economic value oil crop commonly grown in low-land semi-arid areas of Ethiopia. The crop production is constrained by low soil fertility; however, the nutrient management practice has been given low attention. This study was therefore conducted during the main cropping season of 2015/2016 ​at Babile and Fedis sites of East Hararghe, Ethiopia to evaluate the growth, nodulation, and yield response of groundnut varieties to the application of combined mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and vermicompost fertilizers, and zinc. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three varieties (Ba-ha-Gudo, Ba-ha-Jidu, and Roba); three fertilizers combinations (0: 0 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with no VC, 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with no VC, and 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹); and three rates of Zn (0, 5, and 10 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹) in a randomized complete block design at both sites. The growth, nodulation, yield components, and yield data were subjected to analysis by SAS. The result revealed that plant height was significantly affected by variety and fertilizers combination, the number of branches plant⁻¹ affected by the interaction of variety and fertilizers combination while canopy spread and nodulation parameters were affected by the interaction of variety, fertilizers combination, and Zn rate. Pod plant⁻¹ and hundred seed weight, dry biomass, pod and seed yields, and seed oil content were significantly affected by the interaction of variety, fertilizers combination, and Zn rate. The highest dry biomass (7.26 ​t ​ha⁻¹), pod (3.13 ​t ​ha⁻¹), seed (2.16 ​t ​ha⁻¹) yields and seed oil content (51.3%), net benefit ($1704.2 ​ha^-1) with a marginal rate of return of 242% were obtained from variety Ba-ha Gudo received the combined application of 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹ with 5 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Ba-ha Gudo variety is preferably produced using the combined application of 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹ with 5 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹ for high productivity in the study sites and similar agro-ecologies.

In order to evaluation the efficiency of SRAP markers on genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus, we screened out 17 sets of primer pairs which could produce clear and reproducible SRAP bands from 150 SRAP primer pairs. The size of SRAP fragments ranged from 120 to 2100 bp. Primer pair Me10/Em9 produced the maximum number of polymorphic bands (12 bands), while Me8/Em13 produced the fewest number of polymorphic bands (only 1). Through analysis genetic diversity ability of different sets of primer pairs, the set of 12 primer pairs was selected for SRAP genetic marker of A. flavus. Cluster analysis was performed based on the genetic similarity coefficients, which ranged from 0.53 to 0.89. A dendrogram assembled using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages grouped A. flavus samples into 5 main clusters. The results suggested that SRAP marker is a useful molecular technology for the diversity of A. flavus from peanut soils in China.

Aluminum has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. ALA (α-linolenic acid), an essential dietary component for human health, possesses prominent biological activities. Herein, we aim to explore the neuroprotective effects of ALA on aluminum toxicity and reveal the underlying mechanism. Results show that aluminum chloride (denoted as Al) enabled cell viability decline and apoptosis with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) for 24 ​h incubation. Compared with Al (10 ​mmol/L) treatment alone, ALA (50 ​μmol/L) pretreatment for 24 ​h significantly enhanced cell viability by 28.40%, and hindered cell apoptosis by 12.35%, together with recovering redox state balance and alleviating mitochondrial damage. It was measured that ALA treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax level, accompanied with an expression decline of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Meanwhile, ALA pretreatment was proved to increase protein kinase A (PKA) expression and to promote phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), resulting in elevation on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The above results showed that ALA attenuated Al toxicity in PC12 ​cells by mediating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.

Soil salinization is detrimental to the growth and development of flax and ultimately leads to a decrease in yield. However, the molecular mechanism of linseed response to salt stress is still unclear. In this study, a salt-tolerant (ST) linseed variety STS and a salt-sensitive (SS) variety DYM were selected as experiment materials. Bulk segregation analysis and whole-genome resequencing technologies were performed to map salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 38,625 QTL loci were identified. Fifteen genes (which were not annotated in the reference genome) were identified within a 2.597 ​Mb region in chromosome 1. Two salt tolerance candidate genes Lus.o.m.scaffold91.141 and Lus.o.m. Scaffold1.14 encoding WD40 and cytochrome P450 were identified by predicting protein functions. Previous studies showed that WD40 and cytochrome P450 could significantly improve plant salt stress tolerance. In this paper, results showed that Lus.o.m.scaffold91.141 and Lus.o.m. Scaffold1.14 might be involved in response to salt stress in lineseed. The fine mapping and functional analysis of these genes provide a molecular breeding basis for the genetic improvement of high salt-tolerant linseed varieties.

Water deficit is a limiting factor in sesame cultivars yield, thus identification of genetic mechanisms of sesame traits under water stress conditions is essential to development of water stress tolerant genotypes. Hence, the triple test cross (TTC) analysis in F₂ population of the sesame cross (NA₇₆ ​× ​NA₅₄) was used. Since, 30 TTC families with their 13 respective parents were evaluated during the summer season 2020 under two irrigation treatments. i.e., normal irrigation with 5952.38 ​m³ ​hm⁻² of applied water, and water stress with 2976.19 ​m³ ​hm⁻² of applied water. This was implemented at the experimental field of Kafr El Hamam/Sharkia, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Additive (D) and dominance (H) gene actions as well as epistatic and its two components of additive ​× ​additive, additive ​× ​dominance plus dominance ​× ​dominance were involved in the inheritance of all studied traits under both irrigation treatments and their combined analysis. The degree of dominance (H/D)^0.5 verified the presence of partial dominance in most cases. The correlation coefficient between sums (additive) and differences (dominance) was non-significant, showing that dominant genes between lines were ambidirectional. The moderately water stress tolerant TTC families as the best selected families were found in families 22, 25, 10, 12, and 15. Therefore, postponing selection in these selected families to later segregating generations for all studied traits would be effective to exploit the positive effects of additive ​× ​additive epistasis.

Winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is widely cultivated in winter in Northwest China, however, its cold-tolerant mechanism remains insufficiently understood. In this study, winter turnip rape cultivar Longyou 7, a cold-tolerant variety, was used as material, whose accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•-, antioxidant enzyme activity as well as differences in protein expression based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique under −4°C stress were analyzed. Results showed that, production of H₂O₂ and O₂^•- were increased in Longyou 7 leaves, simultaneously, SOD and POD activities were also obviously rosed up, but the activities of CAT and APX were gradually reduced with the temperature. Thirty-six differential protein spots were successfully identified between control and treatments group by using mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, 4 differential protein spots were induced under cold stress, and 2 were inhibited at −4°C. Functional analysis found that these identified proteins mainly participated in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, defense, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, redox and membrane metabolism, respectively. Additionally, 13 proteins' function were still unknown. In conclusion, strong antioxidant capacity and cell defense ability might play important roles in Longyou 7 response to cold stress.

Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops, rich in lipid (40–65%), protein (19–35%), and bioactive compounds. The review starts with bioactive components (fatty acid, tocopherol, phytosterol, sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) of sesame seeds. It considers processing techniques for extracting oil (aqueous extraction and pressing) from seeds. Novel technologies, such as enzyme-assisted aqueous, supercritical CO₂, and microwave-assisted solvent extraction, are also discussed. The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed. In the future, the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Oilseed flax is one of the most important oil crops in China. With the improvement of people's living standards and the deepening knowledge of the nutritional value of oilseed flax, the demand and economic value of oilseed flax are increasing, and the cultivated area in China is expanding. However, the grain yield of oilseed flax is lower than other oil crops. It varies significantly from year to year, combined with a lower degree of mechanization, which has greatly limited the healthy development of the flax industry. Some of the effects of agronomic measures on productivity and water use efficiency of oilseed flax are reviewed in this paper. The major agronomic strategies for the productivity of oilseed flax were presented based on fertilization, plant density, irrigation, cropping pattern and weed control. Future research should investigate the effect of silicon and potassium fertilizers on the mechanism of lodging resistance of oilseed flax, the effects of diversified cropping systems (strip intercropping and crop rotation) on high and stable productivity and efficient utilization of resources.