Oil Crop Science最新文献

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plays a crucial role in Ethiopian agriculture, serving both subsistence and commercial purposes. However, our understanding of the extensive genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian sesame remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we genotyped 368 Ethiopian sesame germplasms, categorizing into four distinct breeding groups: Accessions, landraces, improved varieties, and wild types, using a comprehensive set of 28 polymorphic markers, including 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and five Insertion-Deletion (InDel) markers. These markers ensured robust genomic representation, with at least two markers per linkage group. Our results unveiled substantial genetic diversity, identifying a total of 535 alleles across all accessions. On average, each locus displayed 8.83 alleles, with observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.30 and 0.36, respectively. Gene Diversity and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) were recorded at 0.37 and 0.35. The percentage of polymorphic loci varied significantly among breeding groups, ranging from 8.00% to 82.40%, indicating high diversity in accessions (82.4%), moderate diversity in improved varieties (31.20%) and landraces (29.60%), and limited diversity in wild types (8.00). Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) results emphasized significant genetic differentiation among populations, with substantial diversity (P ​< ​0.001) within each population. Approximately 8% of the entire genetic diversity could be attributed to distinctions among populations, while the larger proportion of genetic diversity (92%) resided within each individual sesame population, showcasing heightened diversity within each group. Our study's findings received support from both Bayesian clustering and Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis, reaffirming the credibility of our genetic structure insights. Notably, Population structure analysis at its highest Δk value (k ​= ​2) revealed the existence of two primary genetic clusters, further subdivided into four sub-populations at k ​= ​4. Similarly, NJ analysis identified two prominent clusters, each displaying additional sub-clustering. In conclusion, our research provides a comprehensive understanding of genetic groups, subpopulations, and overall diversity within Ethiopian sesame populations. These findings underscore the significant genetic diversity and population structure within Ethiopian sesame germplasm collections. This genetic richness holds promise for breeding and conservation efforts, highlighting the importance of preserving genetic diversity to ensure adaptation to changing environments and meet the needs of farmers and consumers.

Peanut cultivation in China spans various ecological zones, each with unique environmental conditions. Identifying suitable peanut varieties for these regions has been challenging due to significant phenotypic variations observed across environments. This study, based on a comprehensive analysis of 256 peanut varieties, selected nine representative varieties (Huayu23, Yuanza9102, Silihong, Wanhua2, Zhonghua6, Zhonghua16, Zhonghua21, Zhonghua215, Zhonghua24) for cultivation in five distinct ecological zones including Chengdu, Hefei, Nanjing, Shijiazhuang, and Wuhan. The yield and quality related phenotypic traits of these varieties were thoroughly assessed, revealing a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished varieties based on yield and quality traits. Strong correlations were observed between specific traits, such as seed size and quality components. The G ​× ​E interaction was evident, as some varieties consistently performed better in certain environments. Varieties with lower coefficient of variation (CV) values exhibited stable trait expression, making them reliable choices for broad cultivation. In contrast, varieties with higher CV values displayed greater sensitivity to environmental fluctuations, potentially due to specific genetic factors. Two high oleic acid varieties, Zhonghua24 and Zhonghua215, demonstrated remarkable stability in oleic acid content across diverse environments, suggesting the presence of genetic mechanisms that buffer against environmental variations. Overall, this study underscores the importance of selecting peanut varieties based on their adaptability and performance in specific ecological zones. These findings provide valuable insights for peanut breeders and farmers, facilitating informed decisions for improved crop production and quality.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in a variety of biological processes, such as the perception of abiotic stress, the integration of different environmental signals, and the activation of stress response networks. Salt stress could induce an increased ROS accumulation in plants, disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis, leading to post-translational modifications (PTMs) of specific proteins, and eventually causing adaptive changes in metabolism. Here, we performed an iodoTMT-based proteomic approach to identify the sulfenylated proteins in B. napus root responsing to salt stress. Totally, 1 348 sulfenylated sites in 751 proteins were identified and these proteins were widely existed in different cell compartments and processes. Our study revealed that proteins with changed abundance and sulfenylation level in B. napus root under salt stress were mainly enriched in the biological processes of ion binding, glycolysis, ATP binding, and oxidative stress response. This study displays a landscape of sulfenylated proteins response to salt stress in B. napus root and provides some theoretical support for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of redox regulation under salt stress in plants.

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a crucial H₂O₂ scavenger that utilizes ascorbic acid as an electron donor and plays a significant role in plant stress resistance. This study aims to identify and characterize the Brassica napus L. APX gene family through genome and transcriptome sequencing, while also revealing their expression profile under low-temperature stress via transcriptome and proteome analysis. The results indicate the presence of 18 genes with three different conserved domains distributed in Brassica napus L., which can be classified into three major branches based on phylogenetic analysis. Eleven members were predicted to have the low-temperature response component (LTR). Most APX genes exhibit up-regulated transcriptional expression under low temperature stress, particularly APX2, APX4, APX12, and APX18. In terms of proteomics data, only six members (APX2, APX4, APX8, APX12, APX17, and APX18) showed temporal specificity in their expression patterns. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the complexity of the APX family in the functional characterization of its genes for future research.

Soybean (Glycine max), the primary source of high-quality plant protein, plays a crucial role as a grain and oil crop in China. Harnessing the full potential of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean production holds immense significance for agriculture and ecology alike. Zhongdou 63, a newly developed early-maturing summer soybean cultivar in 2021, exhibits remarkable traits such as high yield, superior quality, multi-resistance, and wide adaptability. In this study, eight distinct rhizobia strains from diverse regions were meticulously screened to identify highly effective strains specifically suited for Zhongdou 63. The aboveground biomass, plant height, chlorophyll content, root length, nodule number, and nodule dry weight of Zhongdou 63 were measured and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results demonstrated that Y63-1 is a predominant strain of Zhongdou 63. Subsequently, we conducted further investigations on the broad-spectrum nodulation characteristics of Y63-1. Ten representative soybean cultivars were individually inoculated with Y63-1 and subsequently analyzed for nodule numbers and nodule dry weight in their symbiotic systems with rhizobia. The findings revealed that Y63-1 effectively formed nodules with all ten soybean varieties tested. In summary, our current study identified highly efficient broad-spectrum Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain Y63-1 as the predominant strain in Zhongdou 63 and provided a theoretical foundation for enhancing yield potential not only in Zhongdou 63 but also in other varieties through inoculation with highly efficient rhizobia in production.

Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies on N fertilizer optimization on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center (HuARC) under rain fed and irrigation conditions. Thirteen (13) N doses were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during 2016–2018 for rainfed conditions and 2017 to 2019 for irrigation conditions. The study was conducted with objective to optimize N fertilizer use for sesame. In the rainfed condition, the results demonstrated a prolonged duration to reach 50% flowering with higher nitrogen (N) application rates. The application of 52.5–110 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ resulted in significantly higher seed yield, while lower (18 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹) and higher (156 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹) doses of N led to reduced seed yield. Under irrigation conditions, superior seed weights and maximum seed yield were observed at 64 and 75 ​kg ​N ha-1, whereas lower N doses resulted in diminished seed yield. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (N-AE) was found to be highest at the rate of 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ under both growing conditions. The partial budget analysis revealed that applying 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for rainfed cultivation and between 64 and 75 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for irrigated sesame production yielded greater net profit, MRR, and residual ranking. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a rate of 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for rainfed sesame cultivation and between 64 up to 75 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for the irrigated sesame inorder to increase the productivity of this crop.

The impact of low-quality irrigation water on plant development has garnered significant attention from researchers. In light of this, two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, yield, oil production and composition, as well as active constituents of Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill) cultivated in calcareous soil under saline water irrigation. Foliar sprays containing condensed molasses soluble (CMS), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) alone or in combination were used for irrigation. The data obtained from measuring various parameters of Rocket following foliar spraying with CMS, Zn, B or their combinations demonstrated that most treatments resulted in a significant increase in these parameters. The highest values for most measurements were observed when foliar application included all three components (CMS ​+ ​Zn ​+ ​B), resulting in a seed yield of 184.6 ​g/m² and an oil content of 675.3 ​kg/ha. Compared to the control group, the macronutrient content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca increased by 34.4%, 56%, 42%, 45%, and 39% respectively in the seeds treated with these components. Furthermore, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics flavonoids, and antioxidants showed increases of 24%, 34%, 21%, 43%, and 28% respectively compared to the control group. Gas-liquid chromatography analysis identified ten components present in the seed oil characterized by higher unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 81.28% to 92.28% and lower saturated fatty acids ranging from 6.72% to 8.21%. Therefore, foliar spray application including CMS, zinc, and boron can help alleviate salinity effects on Rocket plants grown under saline water irrigation conditions while improving growth, yield, oil production, and nutritional content such as total carbohydrates, proteins, and macronutrients levels.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a crucial medicinal plant containing a large amount of oil. In the study, the changes in storage oil during seed germination and seedling transition from heterotrophic phases were investigated. The results showed that seed oil decreased from 19.53% to 0.88% on the 7th day of seedling development. Oil hydrolysis continued until the 4th day of germination with a low slope, but then increased the use of oils in seed germination end seedling growth metabolism. The results indicated that the quantitative changes in fatty acids, presented at lower amount, were relatively higher than dominant fatty acids. There were decreasing phenolic content in the developing seedlings, but overall, lowest level of total phenolic content can be attributed to the control (30.52 ​mg· 100 ​g· Oil⁻¹). In contrast, the maximum peroxide value (2.58 meq· kg Oil⁻¹) in the developing seedling was observed on the last day of the experiment. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, and lipase activity. However, the correlation between lipase activity and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher than between lipase activity and monounsaturated fatty acids (R² ​= ​90% and R² ​= ​77%, respectively). Therefore, the lipolysis process acts selectively in milk thistle oils. According to the results, C12:0 exhibits a greater impact on the early seedling growth rather than on the germination process and is one of the determining factors in the transition from heterotroph to autotroph. Also, it can be a marker for TAGs breakdown.

Brassica napus (B. napus) is a globally significant oilseed crop, making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production. Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield; however, only a limited number of seed weight-related genes have been functionally validated in B. napus thus far. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 15 (UBP15) belongs to the ubiquitin protease pathway and plays a maternal role in prolonging seed development in Arabidopsis. The potential utilization of UBP15 for enhancing seed yield in B. napus has remained unexplored until now. In this study, we identified the orthologs of UBP15 in B. napus and investigated its functionality using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We generated mutant plants with multiple editing types targeting Bnaubp15s and successfully isolated T-DNA-free homozygous mutant lines that exhibited edits across four homologs of BnaUBP15 in T2 generation plants. Our preliminary data demonstrated that mutation of BnaUBP15s significantly reduced seed size, seed weight, and plant height while noticeably increasing the number of primary branches. These findings not only provide crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of seed weight and size by BnaUBP15s but also offer promising novel germplasm for enhancing plant architecture.