Oil Crop Science最新文献

Fatty acid (FA) desaturases, as the key enzymes in lipid metabolism, are responsible for biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty FAs, which play important roles in maintaining cell membrane integrity and multiple stress responses. Although attention has been drawn to some plant FA desaturase genes, their global landscape in oil crops is still lacking. Here, we performed systematic characterization and phylogenomic synteny network analyses of the FA desaturase gene family in polyploid oil crop B. napus and other 54 species covering major streptophyte lineages. A total of 1653 FA desaturase genes were identified from these plant genomes. Based on the broad-scale family phylogeny and functional domains, we proposed a unified eight-group classification system for angiosperm FA desaturases, and found that the origin of genes responsible for FA desaturation evolved early and some genes were absent in different species. Phylogenomic analyses revealed deeply conserved syntenic relationships within each of the eight FA desaturase groups. B. napus contains up to 93 FA desaturase genes from the eight groups. Recurrent duplication events in Brassicaceae contributed to the expansion of FA desaturase genes in B. napus, leading to further functional diversification. These FA desaturase genes exhibited spatio-temporal specific expression patterns in different tissues of B. napus, and a set of FA desaturase genes seem to be orchestrated by key transcriptional factors during seed development, such as zf-HD, B3, GATA3, PEI1, NFYA7, YAB1 and YAB2. Altogether, our data have inferred the evolutionary trajectory of this important gene family across distinct plant lineages, providing theoretical basis for future manipulation of FA desaturase genes to improve the seed oil quality of B. napus.

The main advantage of digital PCR (dPCR) is that it facilitates absolute quantification of the target without reference to the standard/calibration curve. Crystal droplet dPCR has a three-color staining detection function, which enables multiplex PCR reaction. In this study, this technique was used to establish triple dPCR detection for the genetically modified soybean MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 with stacked traits. Specific absolute quantitative detection was accomplished for the genomic DNA extracted from the homogenized seeds of GM stack MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 soybean. Our results can serve as a reference for the absolute quantitative detection of stacked events of genetically modified crops.

Oilseed rape is an ideal model crop of great significance for research on agricultural-tourism integration and multi-functional development of agriculture. This paper explores the application of technologies for agricultural tourism based on rape flowers in rural revitalization of China. It includes perspectives of technologies for colorful rape flowers, flowering time regulation, multi-season blooming and farm landscape, aiming to further utilize the industrial potential of the multiple functions of agricultural crops, and promote the development of agriculture and rural economy to serve the strategic need of rural revitalization in China.

Auxin is essential for plant growth and development, also closely related to plant architecture. YUCCA (YUC) proteins catalyse the rate-limiting step for endogenous auxin biosynthesis. In this study, we identified 57 BnYUC genes in Brassica napus (rapeseed) genome, located on 17 chromosomes. Among them, A09 chromosome contained the most BnYUCs as 6. Phylogenetic tree showed that all BnYUC members were divided into 2 evolutionary clusters, including 7 sub-groups. Among the sub-groups, CladeⅠ-C consisted 20 members, evolved independently from Arabidopsis thaliana, and motif 10 was unique. Genomic collinearity analysis showed that YUC collinear gene pairs widely existed in Brassica species, indicating that this family has a high retention rate in the evolution. Expression profile suggested that the BnYUC family genes tended to express in specific growth/development stages as well as suffering stress/hormone treatments. It suggested that dominant expression of specific members existed with each development stage or treatment, indicating that each BnYUC might have a clear division of work, and play a given biological function. This work was expected to build a basis for further study of the involvement of BnYUC in growth, development and stress response.

The chlorophyll content has a direct effect on photosynthesis of crops. In order to explore a quick and convenient method for estimating the chlorophyll content of Brassica napus and facilitate efficient crop monitoring, we measured the actual value of chlorophyll with a SPAD-502 chlorophyll detector, and collected aerial images of B. napus with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carrying a RGB camera in this study. The total number of 270 samples collected images were divided into regions according to the planting conditions of different B. napus varieties in the field. Then, according to the empirical formula, there were 36 colors’ characteristic parameters calculated and combined. To estimate the chlorophyll content of rape, 189 samples were included in the modeling set, while the other 81 samples were enrolled in the validation set for testing the accuracy of this model. After the combination of R (red), G (green) and B (blue) color channels, the results showed that the color characteristics B/(R ​+ ​G), b, B/G, (G-B)/(G ​+ ​B), g-b were highly connected with the measured value of chlorophyll SPAD, and the correlation coefficient between the combination based on B/(R ​+ ​G) and SPAD value was 0.747. With R² = 0.805, RMSE = 3.343, and RE = 6.84%, the regression model created using random forest had superior outcomes, according to the model comparison. This study offers a new method for quickly estimating the amount of chlorophyll in rapeseed and a workable reference for crop monitoring using the UAV platform.

Sesame and groundnut crops are the major oilseed crops produced for exports and local consumptions in Ethiopia. This study attempted to evaluate land suitability for oilseeds crops using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation in Diga district of East Wollega zone, western Ethiopia. To support the growing population, sesame and groundnut land suitability evaluations were carried out to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production. Different data inputs were used, including mainly climate data (temperature and rainfall), topography data (slope), soil data (soil texture, soil depth and soil drainage), and infrastructure data (road and market). In this study, sesame and groundnut land suitability areas were categorized into 4 classes: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable. The result revealed that, about 252.1 ha (0.4%) and 113.1 ha (0.2%) were highly suitable for sesame and groundnut respectively. Result showed that most parts of the study area were moderately suitable for sesame and groundnut productions. Specially, the central and western parts of the study area were highly suitable and moderately suitable for sesame production. The study recommended the local communities to utilize the existing potential of the study area for sesame and groundnut productions. Moreover, decision makers should promote the suitability of the area for both small- and large-scale investment on sesame and groundnut production.

To clarify the quality characters, understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers, the contents of crude fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers (including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines) were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed. The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type. Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content, significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content, while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content. Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2 principal component factors (linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor) with the contribution rate of 88.191%, which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality. 525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3 groups with obvious differences of quality characters, materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat, but the opposite was found in Group III. 59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy, and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method. This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a high economic value oil crop commonly grown in low-land semi-arid areas of Ethiopia. The crop production is constrained by low soil fertility; however, the nutrient management practice has been given low attention. This study was therefore conducted during the main cropping season of 2015/2016 ​at Babile and Fedis sites of East Hararghe, Ethiopia to evaluate the growth, nodulation, and yield response of groundnut varieties to the application of combined mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and vermicompost fertilizers, and zinc. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three varieties (Ba-ha-Gudo, Ba-ha-Jidu, and Roba); three fertilizers combinations (0: 0 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with no VC, 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with no VC, and 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹); and three rates of Zn (0, 5, and 10 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹) in a randomized complete block design at both sites. The growth, nodulation, yield components, and yield data were subjected to analysis by SAS. The result revealed that plant height was significantly affected by variety and fertilizers combination, the number of branches plant⁻¹ affected by the interaction of variety and fertilizers combination while canopy spread and nodulation parameters were affected by the interaction of variety, fertilizers combination, and Zn rate. Pod plant⁻¹ and hundred seed weight, dry biomass, pod and seed yields, and seed oil content were significantly affected by the interaction of variety, fertilizers combination, and Zn rate. The highest dry biomass (7.26 ​t ​ha⁻¹), pod (3.13 ​t ​ha⁻¹), seed (2.16 ​t ​ha⁻¹) yields and seed oil content (51.3%), net benefit ($1704.2 ​ha^-1) with a marginal rate of return of 242% were obtained from variety Ba-ha Gudo received the combined application of 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹ with 5 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Ba-ha Gudo variety is preferably produced using the combined application of 46: 46 ​kg ​N: P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 2.5 ​t VC ha⁻¹ with 5 ​kg Zn ha⁻¹ for high productivity in the study sites and similar agro-ecologies.

In order to evaluation the efficiency of SRAP markers on genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus, we screened out 17 sets of primer pairs which could produce clear and reproducible SRAP bands from 150 SRAP primer pairs. The size of SRAP fragments ranged from 120 to 2100 bp. Primer pair Me10/Em9 produced the maximum number of polymorphic bands (12 bands), while Me8/Em13 produced the fewest number of polymorphic bands (only 1). Through analysis genetic diversity ability of different sets of primer pairs, the set of 12 primer pairs was selected for SRAP genetic marker of A. flavus. Cluster analysis was performed based on the genetic similarity coefficients, which ranged from 0.53 to 0.89. A dendrogram assembled using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages grouped A. flavus samples into 5 main clusters. The results suggested that SRAP marker is a useful molecular technology for the diversity of A. flavus from peanut soils in China.