Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2435
Nurul Aida Abdul
Objective: Worldwide, millennials are taking over the online shopping since the first lockdown and the endemic has made changes in customer experience (CX) in the fashion retail industry. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) approach developed by Mehrabian and Russel (1974), the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of experiential state (e.g., cognitive experiential state, affective experiential state) through attitudinal state (e.g., e-trust, e-satisfaction) to behavioural state (e.g., e-loyalty). Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) survey (e.g., e-questionnaire) is conducted using convenience sampling. This descriptive study includes the Malaysian millennials (i.e., age between 25 to 40 years old) who are residing in Klang Valley area and have at least one-time online shopping experience via the premium fashion brands’ mobile application (e.g., Zalora, Uniqlo, H&M, Adidas, Charles & Keith, Monki, etc). The structural equation modeling sampling formula are used to determine sample size and 250 e-questionnaires are collected. To data analysis and test the research hypotheses, SPSS 22.0 and Smart PLS 2.0 software are used. Findings: The findings in this study offer guidelines on how to utilize digitalization to leverage CX and the relevant suggestions are provided. Implications: This study contributes to academia and the industry, discussing both theoretical contributions and managerial implications.
{"title":"Effects of Digital Customer Experience on Malaysian Millennials E-Loyalty: Examining the Premium Fashion Brands Online Stores","authors":"Nurul Aida Abdul","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2435","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Worldwide, millennials are taking over the online shopping since the first lockdown and the endemic has made changes in customer experience (CX) in the fashion retail industry. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) approach developed by Mehrabian and Russel (1974), the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of experiential state (e.g., cognitive experiential state, affective experiential state) through attitudinal state (e.g., e-trust, e-satisfaction) to behavioural state (e.g., e-loyalty). \u0000Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) survey (e.g., e-questionnaire) is conducted using convenience sampling. This descriptive study includes the Malaysian millennials (i.e., age between 25 to 40 years old) who are residing in Klang Valley area and have at least one-time online shopping experience via the premium fashion brands’ mobile application (e.g., Zalora, Uniqlo, H&M, Adidas, Charles & Keith, Monki, etc). The structural equation modeling sampling formula are used to determine sample size and 250 e-questionnaires are collected. To data analysis and test the research hypotheses, SPSS 22.0 and Smart PLS 2.0 software are used. \u0000Findings: The findings in this study offer guidelines on how to utilize digitalization to leverage CX and the relevant suggestions are provided. \u0000Implications: This study contributes to academia and the industry, discussing both theoretical contributions and managerial implications.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88032567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2441
Angayar Kanni Ramaiah, Safinaz Mohd Hussein
Objective: The Malaysian Competition Act 2010 (MCA 2010) strictly prohibits anti-competitive practices in the absence of any redeeming virtue that promotes economic efficiency or social benefits whereas its detrimental effect on competition is proportionate to the benefits provided. The ‘green marketing’ (GM) is about product indorses environmental sustainability policy. Our planet today is confronted with various environmental disasters such as air and water pollution, food shortage, plastic pollution, and deforestation. Furthermore, industrial waste and chemicals are found everywhere. Therefore, it’s extremely pertinent to divert all attention to focus at every level on attaining sustainable environmental policy. The corporations have considered producing and marketing in a more environmentally friendly manner and the consumers are also aware of its importance. The resulting universal war against global warming and environmental protection has developed a reason to incorporate broader non-economic environmental-related policy i.e., the sustainable environmental benefits goals into the anti-competitive exemption policy to resonate with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the Competition Law and Policy CLP). Hence it is considered arguable, that GM's societal benefits and sustainability objective outweigh its countervailing anticompetitive effects. Methodology: Therefore, the author is resolute that an endorsement for GM as for exclusion as a ‘sustainable benefit’ exemption is relevant to obtain a fair competitive advantage for GM in Malaysia. However, in the endorsement of the GM concepts the discussion will firstly address greenwashing issues before proceeding to the study on inroad of the ‘sustainability exemption policy’ within the CLP generally and specifically in Malaysia. Findings: The research concludes with exemption options concerning specific mergers, horizontal agreements, and state aid exclusion policy under CA2010.
{"title":"Symbioses between Green Marketing and Sustainability Exemption Policy in the Competition Law Application in Malaysia","authors":"Angayar Kanni Ramaiah, Safinaz Mohd Hussein","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i3.2441","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Malaysian Competition Act 2010 (MCA 2010) strictly prohibits anti-competitive practices in the absence of any redeeming virtue that promotes economic efficiency or social benefits whereas its detrimental effect on competition is proportionate to the benefits provided. The ‘green marketing’ (GM) is about product indorses environmental sustainability policy. Our planet today is confronted with various environmental disasters such as air and water pollution, food shortage, plastic pollution, and deforestation. Furthermore, industrial waste and chemicals are found everywhere. Therefore, it’s extremely pertinent to divert all attention to focus at every level on attaining sustainable environmental policy. The corporations have considered producing and marketing in a more environmentally friendly manner and the consumers are also aware of its importance. The resulting universal war against global warming and environmental protection has developed a reason to incorporate broader non-economic environmental-related policy i.e., the sustainable environmental benefits goals into the anti-competitive exemption policy to resonate with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the Competition Law and Policy CLP). Hence it is considered arguable, that GM's societal benefits and sustainability objective outweigh its countervailing anticompetitive effects. Methodology: Therefore, the author is resolute that an endorsement for GM as for exclusion as a ‘sustainable benefit’ exemption is relevant to obtain a fair competitive advantage for GM in Malaysia. However, in the endorsement of the GM concepts the discussion will firstly address greenwashing issues before proceeding to the study on inroad of the ‘sustainability exemption policy’ within the CLP generally and specifically in Malaysia. \u0000Findings: The research concludes with exemption options concerning specific mergers, horizontal agreements, and state aid exclusion policy under CA2010.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77559273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2421
Bilal Mehmood, M. Raza, Abida Ramzan
Purpose: One of the most common global concerns is Sustainable development for last three decades. For it, good governance of forestry can play a significant role. Accordingly, current paper empirically analyzes their relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach: An index of Sustainable development is built. Then the data of forest area and governance indicator for period 2005-2019 for 128 countries, is subjected to estimation. In regression analysis, system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) is used for dynamic panel data specification, which can cater the issue of endogeneity in micro panels. Additionally, sample is bifurcated into developed countries and developing countries for segregated estimates. Findings: Empirical results reveal positive effect of forestry and effective governance on sustainable development index. Implications/Originality/Value: Recommendations include improving the governance practices and adoption of contemporary forms of forest management.
{"title":"Forestry and Governance as Two Pillars of Sustainable Development: Empirical Verification","authors":"Bilal Mehmood, M. Raza, Abida Ramzan","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2421","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: One of the most common global concerns is Sustainable development for last three decades. For it, good governance of forestry can play a significant role. Accordingly, current paper empirically analyzes their relationship. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: An index of Sustainable development is built. Then the data of forest area and governance indicator for period 2005-2019 for 128 countries, is subjected to estimation. In regression analysis, system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) is used for dynamic panel data specification, which can cater the issue of endogeneity in micro panels. Additionally, sample is bifurcated into developed countries and developing countries for segregated estimates. \u0000Findings: Empirical results reveal positive effect of forestry and effective governance on sustainable development index. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Recommendations include improving the governance practices and adoption of contemporary forms of forest management.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85745878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2415
Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Ahsan Ali, Sidra Rafiq, M. Adnan
Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the influence of Employee Perception, Barriers towards career development and HRM Strategies on Employee Career Development in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study adopted quantitative approach using questionnaires. The data was collected from 203 employees working in Telecommunication companies of Pakistan. The selection criterion of the respondents was based on convenient random sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings: The findings revealed that Employee Perception and HRM Strategies significantly impact Employee Career Development. At the same time, Barriers towards career development also have insignificant impact on Employee Career Development. Implications/Originality/Value: This study shall significantly contribute in developing the fair Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies, positive employee perception and that can improve the performance of employees and help them develop the skills they need to establish a human resource sector.
{"title":"Employee Perception, Barriers towards Career Development and HRM Strategies tenacity Employee Career Development","authors":"Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Ahsan Ali, Sidra Rafiq, M. Adnan","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2415","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the influence of Employee Perception, Barriers towards career development and HRM Strategies on Employee Career Development in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: This study adopted quantitative approach using questionnaires. The data was collected from 203 employees working in Telecommunication companies of Pakistan. The selection criterion of the respondents was based on convenient random sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that Employee Perception and HRM Strategies significantly impact Employee Career Development. At the same time, Barriers towards career development also have insignificant impact on Employee Career Development. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: This study shall significantly contribute in developing the fair Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies, positive employee perception and that can improve the performance of employees and help them develop the skills they need to establish a human resource sector.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87558720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2317
Fatima Sana Alam, Naila S. Awan, A. Khan, Afeera Saeed
Purpose: The research study was designed with the sole aim to explore the food security status in the purview of women’s rights in the District Tor Ghar, KP, Pakistan Approach: A sample size of 291 out of 760 household heads was selected randomly from 3 villages of Khander Tehsil namely Bilyani, Bimbal, and Dharo. The conceptual framework comprised of an independent variable (availability of food) and one dependent variable (food insecurity). Data on study variables were collected using the Likert scale. The Chi-square test was applied to test the strength of association among study variables. Findings: The study found that the limited availability of vegetables, fruits, bread, and meat required for a daily meal for women alongside sufficient milk/ dairy products and dry fruit to feed women at home, were found significant (p <0.05) in association with food insecurity. Thus, lack of availability of food is the root cause of food insecurity among women of the study inhabitants. Implications: A policy drive led by an awareness-raising campaign at an institutional, cultural and societal level that ensures the availability of a sufficient amount of quality food to all social segments to overcome the problem of food insecurity, especially with respect to women folk was the major study recommendations.
{"title":"Food Security and Social Inequalities from the Perspective of Women's Rights: Case Study of District Torghar","authors":"Fatima Sana Alam, Naila S. Awan, A. Khan, Afeera Saeed","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2317","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The research study was designed with the sole aim to explore the food security status in the purview of women’s rights in the District Tor Ghar, KP, Pakistan \u0000Approach: A sample size of 291 out of 760 household heads was selected randomly from 3 villages of Khander Tehsil namely Bilyani, Bimbal, and Dharo. The conceptual framework comprised of an independent variable (availability of food) and one dependent variable (food insecurity). Data on study variables were collected using the Likert scale. The Chi-square test was applied to test the strength of association among study variables. \u0000 Findings: The study found that the limited availability of vegetables, fruits, bread, and meat required for a daily meal for women alongside sufficient milk/ dairy products and dry fruit to feed women at home, were found significant (p <0.05) in association with food insecurity. Thus, lack of availability of food is the root cause of food insecurity among women of the study inhabitants. \u0000Implications: A policy drive led by an awareness-raising campaign at an institutional, cultural and societal level that ensures the availability of a sufficient amount of quality food to all social segments to overcome the problem of food insecurity, especially with respect to women folk was the major study recommendations. ","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82920950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2470
Naila Siddiqua, R. Batool
Objective: The purpose of the present study is to explore the research trends on challenges and outcomes of post pandemic education. The researcher has conducted a meta-analysis of HEC recognized journals of education published in post pandemic period that is 2020-2021. Methodology: The study has adopted qualitative approach following case-study design. The population of the study is comprised of each of 2 issues of 14 journals of education recognised by higher education commission of Pakistan. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample size was 21 articles based on the inclusion criteria which directs to select only those articles discussing the post COVID context of teaching-learning process. The data was collected through a literature review matrix which was developed to classify the articles for various themes generated after critical review. After reviewing the selected articles, different themes were generated such as Pandemic and higher education, psychological aspects of post pandemic context, learning experiences in Covid-19, remote teaching and challenges, assessment and distant learning using content analysis technique. Findings: This content analysis revealed that COVID-19 has increased the scope of online education by showing an increasing trend of Hybrid model in education. The research has highlighted the effect of COVID-19 on teachers and learners particularly and the system of education generally. It further explored the issue related to depression and anxiety and challenges related to energy crises. Implications: This study recommends that to overcome such issues and challenges there should be provision of professional development programs for the teachers to prepare them for future circumstances.
{"title":"Post Pandemic Research Trends on Challenges and Outcomes in Education: A Case-study of HEC Recognized Journals of Education 2020- 2021","authors":"Naila Siddiqua, R. Batool","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2470","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of the present study is to explore the research trends on challenges and outcomes of post pandemic education. The researcher has conducted a meta-analysis of HEC recognized journals of education published in post pandemic period that is 2020-2021. \u0000Methodology: The study has adopted qualitative approach following case-study design. The population of the study is comprised of each of 2 issues of 14 journals of education recognised by higher education commission of Pakistan. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample size was 21 articles based on the inclusion criteria which directs to select only those articles discussing the post COVID context of teaching-learning process. The data was collected through a literature review matrix which was developed to classify the articles for various themes generated after critical review. After reviewing the selected articles, different themes were generated such as Pandemic and higher education, psychological aspects of post pandemic context, learning experiences in Covid-19, remote teaching and challenges, assessment and distant learning using content analysis technique. \u0000Findings: This content analysis revealed that COVID-19 has increased the scope of online education by showing an increasing trend of Hybrid model in education. The research has highlighted the effect of COVID-19 on teachers and learners particularly and the system of education generally. It further explored the issue related to depression and anxiety and challenges related to energy crises. \u0000Implications: This study recommends that to overcome such issues and challenges there should be provision of professional development programs for the teachers to prepare them for future circumstances.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2340
Ijaz Yusuf, T. M. Azhar
Purpose: This paper aims to develop the system dynamics model of managing quality costs using the perception maps prepared on the basis of the actual data of the organization. The model depicts the cost of quality and the associated defect percentage to represent the real-world data of the company under study. Model is validated using the different tests to build the confidence on the model. Underlying feedback structures and interactions among various variables make the model more robust and realistic. Design/Methodology/Approach: The simulation software STELLA is used for programming the model. Using the generic structures of the cost of quality, stock and flow diagram is developed to map the real-life business scenario. Findings: Cost of Quality is a forgotten dimension in many companies. Most of the companies are not measuring the cost of quality as a powerful indicator for quality measurement and for process improvement. Defect level is the function of prevention, appraisal and failures (PAF) costs associated with the PAF model. System Dynamics is computer-based simulation methodology that gains the insight of the social, economic, and business problems and acts as a powerful tool for policy design for better decision making. Implications/Originality/Value: Policy analysis clearly indicate that dynamics of cost of quality is quite complex and to identify the prioritized parameter for investment cannot be intuitively appreciated. System dynamics is a simulation-based methodology which can solve the complex interactions and different policy runs lead to the best appropriate mix of cost elements in order to reduce the failure costs (internal and external).
{"title":"Modelling Cost of Quality for Defect Reduction","authors":"Ijaz Yusuf, T. M. Azhar","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2340","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper aims to develop the system dynamics model of managing quality costs using the perception maps prepared on the basis of the actual data of the organization. The model depicts the cost of quality and the associated defect percentage to represent the real-world data of the company under study. Model is validated using the different tests to build the confidence on the model. Underlying feedback structures and interactions among various variables make the model more robust and realistic. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The simulation software STELLA is used for programming the model. Using the generic structures of the cost of quality, stock and flow diagram is developed to map the real-life business scenario. \u0000Findings: Cost of Quality is a forgotten dimension in many companies. Most of the companies are not measuring the cost of quality as a powerful indicator for quality measurement and for process improvement. Defect level is the function of prevention, appraisal and failures (PAF) costs associated with the PAF model. System Dynamics is computer-based simulation methodology that gains the insight of the social, economic, and business problems and acts as a powerful tool for policy design for better decision making. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Policy analysis clearly indicate that dynamics of cost of quality is quite complex and to identify the prioritized parameter for investment cannot be intuitively appreciated. System dynamics is a simulation-based methodology which can solve the complex interactions and different policy runs lead to the best appropriate mix of cost elements in order to reduce the failure costs (internal and external).","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74536822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2271
Aansa Abbas, M. Zakria, Muhammad Kashif
Purpose: The rate of breast cancer in Pakistan is the highest among all other Asian countries and all other types of cancer. The foremost treatment for breast cancer patients of stage 2 and stage 3 is surgery. The main types of surgery in this era are Mastectomy and Breast Conservative surgery. The decision about the type of surgery depends on the demographic and clinical factors. Approach: In this study, the seven characteristics have been considered. A purposive sample of 365 breast cancer patients were collected from the two main hospitals in Islamabad. The foremost objective of this study was to classify each breast cancer patient regarding surgery type based on significant explanatory characteristics. The binary logistics regression and discriminant analysis techniques were used and the significance of each parameter was tested. Findings: The main effects i.e., age, tumor size, Estrogen Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor were found to be significant with some diverse probabilities and all two-factor interactions were found to be non-significant. The sensitivity of logistic regression and discriminant analysis is almost the same i.e., 93.1% and 92.8% respectively whereas the specificity of these two techniques is also almost the same i.e., 70.8% and 71.9% respectively. The overall actual correct classify rate and Apparent error rate of both these techniques are found to be 87.7% and 12.3% respectively. Implications: In brief, it was deducted that the Tumor size stage is the most imperative characteristic among other significant characteristics in discriminating between two types of surgery
{"title":"Classification Modelling: A Case Study of Breast Cancer Patients of Islamabad","authors":"Aansa Abbas, M. Zakria, Muhammad Kashif","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2271","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The rate of breast cancer in Pakistan is the highest among all other Asian countries and all other types of cancer. The foremost treatment for breast cancer patients of stage 2 and stage 3 is surgery. The main types of surgery in this era are Mastectomy and Breast Conservative surgery. The decision about the type of surgery depends on the demographic and clinical factors. \u0000Approach: In this study, the seven characteristics have been considered. A purposive sample of 365 breast cancer patients were collected from the two main hospitals in Islamabad. The foremost objective of this study was to classify each breast cancer patient regarding surgery type based on significant explanatory characteristics. The binary logistics regression and discriminant analysis techniques were used and the significance of each parameter was tested. \u0000Findings: The main effects i.e., age, tumor size, Estrogen Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor were found to be significant with some diverse probabilities and all two-factor interactions were found to be non-significant. The sensitivity of logistic regression and discriminant analysis is almost the same i.e., 93.1% and 92.8% respectively whereas the specificity of these two techniques is also almost the same i.e., 70.8% and 71.9% respectively. The overall actual correct classify rate and Apparent error rate of both these techniques are found to be 87.7% and 12.3% respectively. \u0000Implications: In brief, it was deducted that the Tumor size stage is the most imperative characteristic among other significant characteristics in discriminating between two types of surgery","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89922390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2411
B. Pervaiz, M. Manzoor, Rabia Pervaiz
Purpose: Food insecurity is not only the problem of all developing countries but developed countries are also facing this issue especially after COVID-19. Food security is the combination of food availability, accessibility and utilization. However, the food accessibility is associated with household income and wealth. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) developed by USAID is a tool for measuring prevalence of food insecurity. HFIAS treats food insecurity as a condition that can be identified and measured by experiences and behavioral responses that appear to be common for low income households. Current study is meant for the estimation and validation of HFIAS in the context of Pakistan, and to look for the relationship between food insecurity and socio-economic characteristics of the community. Methodology: A dedicated survey was conducted in Peri-urban areas of Lahore district from January to February, 2021. Responses from 316 households were recorded on a structured questionnaire which was adapted from HFIAS due to cultural context and socio economic conditions. Findings: Results showed that 30.2% of the households were food secure whereas 22.3% were mildly food insecure, 40.2% were moderately food insecure and 7.3% were severely food insecure. HFIAS was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.684). Policy Implication: HFIAS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the food accessibility at the household level in Pakistan.
{"title":"Estimation and Validation of Adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in Lahore – Pakistan","authors":"B. Pervaiz, M. Manzoor, Rabia Pervaiz","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2411","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Food insecurity is not only the problem of all developing countries but developed countries are also facing this issue especially after COVID-19. Food security is the combination of food availability, accessibility and utilization. However, the food accessibility is associated with household income and wealth. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) developed by USAID is a tool for measuring prevalence of food insecurity. HFIAS treats food insecurity as a condition that can be identified and measured by experiences and behavioral responses that appear to be common for low income households. Current study is meant for the estimation and validation of HFIAS in the context of Pakistan, and to look for the relationship between food insecurity and socio-economic characteristics of the community. \u0000Methodology: A dedicated survey was conducted in Peri-urban areas of Lahore district from January to February, 2021. Responses from 316 households were recorded on a structured questionnaire which was adapted from HFIAS due to cultural context and socio economic conditions. \u0000Findings: Results showed that 30.2% of the households were food secure whereas 22.3% were mildly food insecure, 40.2% were moderately food insecure and 7.3% were severely food insecure. HFIAS was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.684). \u0000Policy Implication: HFIAS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the food accessibility at the household level in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86553337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2328
M. M. Qadri, M. H. Sial
Purpose: “Capitalist system is under siege” is the signal that businesses are going to lose legitimacy and ultimately survival is under question. However, “Creating shared value” (CSV), a resolute solution for organizations is proposed, and overwhelming organizations claim to have adopted CSV. However, in the absence of a standard for CSV success, yearly financial and sustainability reports are presented to validate such claims. Therefore, a yardstick is needed to determine whether companies have implemented CSV as a key strategy. To verify this claim, a scale is proposed to measure the level of adoption of CSV. Design/Methodology/Approach: An interview protocol was created for data collection from CSV adopters. Twenty interviews were conducted with 15 informants coming from 10 shortlisted organizations. Findings: The interview data were transcribed and analyzed to extract the key and sub-themes. A total of 58 items were generated with the help of five experts, and an average score of 0.859 on the S-CVI (scale level content validity index) is achieved with a Kappa (K) coefficient of 0.810. Implications/Originality/Value: So, it is concluded that this instrument will help to differentiate CSV adopters and those who involve in CSR projects. As a future direction, instrument testing and scale evaluation are designed.
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