Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.3
Emilia Puk
The banking sector is a very important part of the financial market. That is why banks, along with the spread of the pandemic, began to implement various strategies and solutions to protect people’s finances against the negative effects of the coronavirus crisis (Flotyński, 2020, 20). Today, it is clear that the pandemic has surprised everyone and the solutions used so far have not been perfect. Therefore, the banking sector requires corrections in current forecasts as well as the preparation of new forecasting models for the financial market. This is particularly important in times of economic, social, and financial instability caused by random events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The present article examines the distribution mechanisms shaping and influencing the selection of the appropriate class of models depending on the current economic situation of chosen processes important for the banking sector, that is assets and reserves. The author recognizes the mechanisms shaping both processes during a stable period as well as the way in which the pandemic changed these mechanisms, thus affecting the prognostic abilities of the models used. The analysis shows that the Polish banking sector was well prepared for the economic slowdown, but despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic caused some perturbations.
{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the assets and reserves of the banking sector","authors":"Emilia Puk","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The banking sector is a very important part of the financial market. That is why banks, along with the spread of the pandemic, began to implement various strategies and solutions to protect people’s finances against the negative effects of the coronavirus crisis (Flotyński, 2020, 20). Today, it is clear that the pandemic has surprised everyone and the solutions used so far have not been perfect. Therefore, the banking sector requires corrections in current forecasts as well as the preparation of new forecasting models for the financial market. This is particularly important in times of economic, social, and financial instability caused by random events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The present article examines the distribution mechanisms shaping and influencing the selection of the appropriate class of models depending on the current economic situation of chosen processes important for the banking sector, that is assets and reserves. The author recognizes the mechanisms shaping both processes during a stable period as well as the way in which the pandemic changed these mechanisms, thus affecting the prognostic abilities of the models used. The analysis shows that the Polish banking sector was well prepared for the economic slowdown, but despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic caused some perturbations.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.1
Małgorzata Gałecka, I. Kuropka, E. Szabela-Pasierbińska
Research on the efficiency of public spending on the education sector hardly addresses the territorial distribution of educational attainment. This paper tries to fill in the gap by verifying whether the analysis of spatial differentiation of educational attainment could provide crucial information on the financial policy in this sphere and assess the impact of the socio-economic factors upon the education level evaluated through school tests. Our article aims to identify the relationship between spending on public education and the degree of educational attainment and inter-regional inequality in Poland. The research results showed that the spatial approach should not be ignored when assessing the relationship between public education expenditure and the degree of educational achievement. We note that the applied public financing of second-level education in Poland does not reduce regional disparities in education but maintains them at a constant level.
{"title":"The efficiency of public spending on education: Lower and higher secondary education","authors":"Małgorzata Gałecka, I. Kuropka, E. Szabela-Pasierbińska","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the efficiency of public spending on the education sector hardly addresses the territorial distribution of educational attainment. This paper tries to fill in the gap by verifying whether the analysis of spatial differentiation of educational attainment could provide crucial information on the financial policy in this sphere and assess the impact of the socio-economic factors upon the education level evaluated through school tests. Our article aims to identify the relationship between spending on public education and the degree of educational attainment and inter-regional inequality in Poland. The research results showed that the spatial approach should not be ignored when assessing the relationship between public education expenditure and the degree of educational achievement. We note that the applied public financing of second-level education in Poland does not reduce regional disparities in education but maintains them at a constant level.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82901361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.5
A. Rybak
The aim of this study is to explain how an institution can enter into a lease after the death of the tenant in accordance with Art. 691 of the the Polish Civil Code. The author tries to clarify the wording of Art. 691, which raises questions of interpretation on the basis of case law. In particular, the author undertook the examination of the conditions for entering into the rental relationship of a dwelling after the deceased tenant. Subsequently, the focus was on approximating the premises covered by this standard, then on clarifying the terms “residence” and “other persons to whom the tenant owed maintenance,” and on actual cohabitation with the tenant. The legal proceedings relating to the regulation in question are dealt with next, while the final part describes the possibility of terminating the contract by the rightholder and briefly refers to the provision of Art. 691 para. 5 of the Civil Code.
{"title":"The institution of entering into a lease of a dwelling after the death of the current tenant (Art. 691 of the Civil Code) in the light of the jurisprudence","authors":"A. Rybak","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.28.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to explain how an institution can enter into a lease after the death of the tenant in accordance with Art. 691 of the the Polish Civil Code. The author tries to clarify the wording of Art. 691, which raises questions of interpretation on the basis of case law. In particular, the author undertook the examination of the conditions for entering into the rental relationship of a dwelling after the deceased tenant. Subsequently, the focus was on approximating the premises covered by this standard, then on clarifying the terms “residence” and “other persons to whom the tenant owed maintenance,” and on actual cohabitation with the tenant. The legal proceedings relating to the regulation in question are dealt with next, while the final part describes the possibility of terminating the contract by the rightholder and briefly refers to the provision of Art. 691 para. 5 of the Civil Code.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77390021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.5
Kinga Karpińska, Anna Protasiewicz
One of the key elements of modern economies is their innovation, measured in many ways. The measures of innovation most often include R&D expenditure (expenditure side) and patents (effects side). Undoubtedly, the level of expenditure on research activities is important, but the true picture of an innovative economy is provided by the side of the achieved results, i.e. patents. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of patent law (organizational, financial, and legal conditions, and thus the number of filed and patented solutions) on the level of innovativeness on the example of the Polish economy. The analysis was based on a review of domestic and foreign literature and legal acts on patent protection at the national, regional (European) and international levels on the one hand, and innovation in Poland and European countries on the other. To assess the level of innovativeness data from the Global Innovation Index, the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the European Innovation Scoreboard were used. Comparison of these data made it possible to articulate several conclusions. First, patent law is considered too complex and unclear for research applicants. Moreover, the awareness of patent applicants in Poland is still quite low, especially if the entity is a small enterprise. An undoubted barriers to the patent activity are also the costs that must be borne during the entire patent procedure and the waiting time for the procedure to be completed. Future research should focus on surveying businesses in Poland about their views on patent law and possible changes to improve its operation, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the issue.
{"title":"Patent law and innovations of the Polish economy: Analysis of the current situation and recommendations for the future","authors":"Kinga Karpińska, Anna Protasiewicz","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key elements of modern economies is their innovation, measured in many ways. The measures of innovation most often include R&D expenditure (expenditure side) and patents (effects side). Undoubtedly, the level of expenditure on research activities is important, but the true picture of an innovative economy is provided by the side of the achieved results, i.e. patents. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of patent law (organizational, financial, and legal conditions, and thus the number of filed and patented solutions) on the level of innovativeness on the example of the Polish economy. The analysis was based on a review of domestic and foreign literature and legal acts on patent protection at the national, regional (European) and international levels on the one hand, and innovation in Poland and European countries on the other. To assess the level of innovativeness data from the Global Innovation Index, the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the European Innovation Scoreboard were used. Comparison of these data made it possible to articulate several conclusions. First, patent law is considered too complex and unclear for research applicants. Moreover, the awareness of patent applicants in Poland is still quite low, especially if the entity is a small enterprise. An undoubted barriers to the patent activity are also the costs that must be borne during the entire patent procedure and the waiting time for the procedure to be completed. Future research should focus on surveying businesses in Poland about their views on patent law and possible changes to improve its operation, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the issue.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.3
Maksymilian Fiedoruk
The aim of this paper is presenting the Fair Trade movement in pragmatic categories, disassembling the core components to discuss them more closely, and drawing an image of what Fair Trade really is. This article has also confronted over 60-year-old fundamentals of Fair Trade with modern global problems and new political doctrines, shedding the light onto future prospects of the movement. By collecting the data and analysing the mechanisms of the Fair Trade model, this paper has attempted to discuss the current shape and effects of Fair Trade, exposing the flaws and the assets of the organization to see if its role is significant in the world trade system. The conclusions are mainly negative — Fair Trade has a minimal share in global trade, presents discussable effects on economic well-being of people and outdated agricultural doctrine, putting in question its sustainability. Fair Trade has rarely been subject to analysis from this perspective, and it can prove to be a starting point for future research.
{"title":"Fair Trade: Shortcomings and contemporary challenges","authors":"Maksymilian Fiedoruk","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is presenting the Fair Trade movement in pragmatic categories, disassembling the core components to discuss them more closely, and drawing an image of what Fair Trade really is. This article has also confronted over 60-year-old fundamentals of Fair Trade with modern global problems and new political doctrines, shedding the light onto future prospects of the movement. By collecting the data and analysing the mechanisms of the Fair Trade model, this paper has attempted to discuss the current shape and effects of Fair Trade, exposing the flaws and the assets of the organization to see if its role is significant in the world trade system. The conclusions are mainly negative — Fair Trade has a minimal share in global trade, presents discussable effects on economic well-being of people and outdated agricultural doctrine, putting in question its sustainability. Fair Trade has rarely been subject to analysis from this perspective, and it can prove to be a starting point for future research.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77128192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.2
Adam Damrath
In 2020, the world was unexpectedly struck by the coronavirus pandemic. Regulations introduced by the governments have affected many businesses. The key problem is a good preparation of entrepreneurs for similar crises. One of the main factors influencing entrepreneurial activities is entrepreneurship education, mainly at the university level. The article aims to analyse different education practices focused on learning entrepreneurship, especially at universities, in selected countries. The work is analytical and descriptive.
{"title":"The crucial role of entrepreneurship education at university using different educational practices","authors":"Adam Damrath","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the world was unexpectedly struck by the coronavirus pandemic. Regulations introduced by the governments have affected many businesses. The key problem is a good preparation of entrepreneurs for similar crises. One of the main factors influencing entrepreneurial activities is entrepreneurship education, mainly at the university level. The article aims to analyse different education practices focused on learning entrepreneurship, especially at universities, in selected countries. The work is analytical and descriptive.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78994246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.4
Z. Gródek-Szostak, Luis Ochoa Siguencia, A. Niemczyk, R. Seweryn
The dynamic development of digital technologies and their widespread use in everyday life, especially by younger generations, forces urgent initiatives to counter the digital exclusion of older people. Adult Social Inclusion in and the Digital Environment (ASIDE) has offered activities to support inclusive education and digital skills, raising competences for digital social inclusion of adult social educators and adult social volunteers. The aim of the article is to present the experiences of the ASIDE project in the field of digital inclusion of seniors. Research methods typical of this type of study were used: critical analysis of the literature on the subject, analysis of project documents, analysis of published secondary data.
{"title":"Digital exclusion of elderly citizens: Polish experiences based on the project Adult Social Inclusion in a Digital Environment (ASIDE)","authors":"Z. Gródek-Szostak, Luis Ochoa Siguencia, A. Niemczyk, R. Seweryn","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic development of digital technologies and their widespread use in everyday life, especially by younger generations, forces urgent initiatives to counter the digital exclusion of older people. Adult Social Inclusion in and the Digital Environment (ASIDE) has offered activities to support inclusive education and digital skills, raising competences for digital social inclusion of adult social educators and adult social volunteers. The aim of the article is to present the experiences of the ASIDE project in the field of digital inclusion of seniors. Research methods typical of this type of study were used: critical analysis of the literature on the subject, analysis of project documents, analysis of published secondary data.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82716861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.1
A. Andrzejczyk
In the article, the picture of entrepreneurship, its empirical/conceptual context, discipline diversity and orientation emerging from the bibliography searching process according to relevance in Google Scholar were assessed. Preliminarily, a comparison with other forms of obtaining scientific information about entrepreneurship was made. Some evidence has been found on the directions of the possible influence of this source of knowledge on the perception of the entrepreneurship phenomenon. The popular scientific databases/search engines in terms of entrepreneurship terms retrieval were compared. After selecting Google Scholar, a set of articles about entrepreneurship was analysed. The method of literature analysis and criticism was used. In order to develop interest in entrepreneurship, it is necessary to analyse the publicly available sources of economic knowledge more often in order to prevent possible distortions of the image of phenomena and efficient detection of unfair practices. The research popularity of entrepreneurship is high, but the limitations faced by readers interested in it may slow down the progress of scientists’ achievements and the creation of a separate field, and may even cause a loop/stagnation disproportionate to the interest in this area of science. It is worth paying attention to the popularization of scientific databases/search engines, and becoming familiarized with the results of the research in this field.
{"title":"Searching for entrepreneurship: The perception of the phenomenon","authors":"A. Andrzejczyk","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the picture of entrepreneurship, its empirical/conceptual context, discipline diversity and orientation emerging from the bibliography searching process according to relevance in Google Scholar were assessed. Preliminarily, a comparison with other forms of obtaining scientific information about entrepreneurship was made. Some evidence has been found on the directions of the possible influence of this source of knowledge on the perception of the entrepreneurship phenomenon. The popular scientific databases/search engines in terms of entrepreneurship terms retrieval were compared. After selecting Google Scholar, a set of articles about entrepreneurship was analysed. The method of literature analysis and criticism was used. In order to develop interest in entrepreneurship, it is necessary to analyse the publicly available sources of economic knowledge more often in order to prevent possible distortions of the image of phenomena and efficient detection of unfair practices. \u0000The research popularity of entrepreneurship is high, but the limitations faced by readers interested in it may slow down the progress of scientists’ achievements and the creation of a separate field, and may even cause a loop/stagnation disproportionate to the interest in this area of science. It is worth paying attention to the popularization of scientific databases/search engines, and becoming familiarized with the results of the research in this field.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85130218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.6
Paweł Waniowski, A. Wojtaś
Creating a positive image is one of the most important activities undertaken not only by enterprises, but also by territorial units. Cities and regions can see the need to create and maintain a good image as an important factor of competitive advantage facilitating opportunities for dynamic development. Nowadays, the most active in this respect are large urban centers which are managed in a creative way, and a good image, which is their most important intangible asset, definitely facilitates competition in increasingly demanding markets. The paper aims to present activities within town design and town communications, which, apart from town behavior, belong to the basic components of the process of creating the image of modern cities. One of the qualitative methods, which is a case study, was applied due to the possibility of making comprehensive comparisons based on the information identified. The examples of two culturally distant cities were used, namely the Polish city of Wroclaw and the Spanish city of Malaga, which, in many areas of creating their image, carry out similar activities. In both cities, the commercialization of city symbols is visible at the expense of historical and cultural aspects. The communication with stakeholders is similar, in which interactive techniques dominate, and particular activity manifests itself in social media and in the development of urban applications that perform both information and entertainment functions.
{"title":"Town design and town communications in the process of image creation of Wroclaw and Malaga","authors":"Paweł Waniowski, A. Wojtaś","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a positive image is one of the most important activities undertaken not only by enterprises, but also by territorial units. Cities and regions can see the need to create and maintain a good image as an important factor of competitive advantage facilitating opportunities for dynamic development. Nowadays, the most active in this respect are large urban centers which are managed in a creative way, and a good image, which is their most important intangible asset, definitely facilitates competition in increasingly demanding markets. The paper aims to present activities within town design and town communications, which, apart from town behavior, belong to the basic components of the process of creating the image of modern cities. One of the qualitative methods, which is a case study, was applied due to the possibility of making comprehensive comparisons based on the information identified. The examples of two culturally distant cities were used, namely the Polish city of Wroclaw and the Spanish city of Malaga, which, in many areas of creating their image, carry out similar activities. In both cities, the commercialization of city symbols is visible at the expense of historical and cultural aspects. The communication with stakeholders is similar, in which interactive techniques dominate, and particular activity manifests itself in social media and in the development of urban applications that perform both information and entertainment functions.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78949110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.19195/2658-1310.27.3.2
A. Niemczyk, Paweł Zamora
Spośród wielu branż turystyczna została w największym stopniu dotknięta skutkami pandemii COVID-19. Podmioty podaży rynku turystycznego blisko rok pozostały zamknięte, nie prowadząc swojej działalności. Pomocne w takiej sytuacji są mechanizmy interwencjonizmu państwowego, a w zbiorze ich narzędzi tarcze antykryzysowe oraz bon turystyczny. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie skali wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na działalność turystyczną w Polsce oraz skali interwencjonizmu państwowego w tej branży. Praca ma charakter teoretyczno-analityczny. Wykorzystano typowe w takich opracowaniach metody badawcze: krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, analizy dokumentów, analizy publikowanych danych wtórnych.
{"title":"Interwencjonizm państwowy na rynku usług turystycznych w warunkach pandemii COVID-19","authors":"A. Niemczyk, Paweł Zamora","doi":"10.19195/2658-1310.27.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Spośród wielu branż turystyczna została w największym stopniu dotknięta skutkami pandemii COVID-19. Podmioty podaży rynku turystycznego blisko rok pozostały zamknięte, nie prowadząc swojej działalności. Pomocne w takiej sytuacji są mechanizmy interwencjonizmu państwowego, a w zbiorze ich narzędzi tarcze antykryzysowe oraz bon turystyczny. \u0000Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie skali wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na działalność turystyczną w Polsce oraz skali interwencjonizmu państwowego w tej branży. Praca ma charakter teoretyczno-analityczny. Wykorzystano typowe w takich opracowaniach metody badawcze: krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, analizy dokumentów, analizy publikowanych danych wtórnych.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83380327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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