Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.2.2
W. Nowak
Development challenges in the fastest growing Asian countriesOver the period from 2001 to 2017, 14 countries in Asia recoded an average annual GDP growth rate of more than 6%. The fastest growing Asian countries experienced rapid economic growth as a result of implementing various development strategies. Besides, to a different extent, they used their economic success to improve the standard of living of their citizens. After 17 years of fast economic growth they still face many development challenges. Among them, the most important are: elimination of extreme poverty among employees, reduction of income inequality in society, improving the standard of living and quality of life of citizens especially in rural areas, ensuring a better access to high quality maternal and child health services, and increasing access to social services for the whole society.
{"title":"Wyzwania rozwojowe w najszybciej rozwijających się krajach azjatyckich","authors":"W. Nowak","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Development challenges in the fastest growing Asian countriesOver the period from 2001 to 2017, 14 countries in Asia recoded an average annual GDP growth rate of more than 6%. The fastest growing Asian countries experienced rapid economic growth as a result of implementing various development strategies. Besides, to a different extent, they used their economic success to improve the standard of living of their citizens. After 17 years of fast economic growth they still face many development challenges. Among them, the most important are: elimination of extreme poverty among employees, reduction of income inequality in society, improving the standard of living and quality of life of citizens especially in rural areas, ensuring a better access to high quality maternal and child health services, and increasing access to social services for the whole society.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88282038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.4
D. Mikołajczak
Money neutrality and selected currents in economicsThe history of the idea of neutrality of money begins with David Hume. There are at least five types of money neutrality. They could be grouped into neutrality relating to the moment static neutrality and institutional neutrality and neutrality relating to the period dynamic neutrality, superneutrality, monetary neutrality. In mainstream economics, views on neutrality have changed over the years. Monetarism has differentiated views on the neutrality of money. The Austrian school remains sceptical about this simplification of the monetary economy. The theory of the real business cycle accepts any kind of neutrality in the period, and neutrality at the moment is not an important issue for it. Keynesianism focuses on neutrality in the short term and is sceptical about it.
{"title":"Idea neutralności pieniądza a wybrane nurty ekonomii","authors":"D. Mikołajczak","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Money neutrality and selected currents in economicsThe history of the idea of neutrality of money begins with David Hume. There are at least five types of money neutrality. They could be grouped into neutrality relating to the moment static neutrality and institutional neutrality and neutrality relating to the period dynamic neutrality, superneutrality, monetary neutrality. In mainstream economics, views on neutrality have changed over the years. Monetarism has differentiated views on the neutrality of money. The Austrian school remains sceptical about this simplification of the monetary economy. The theory of the real business cycle accepts any kind of neutrality in the period, and neutrality at the moment is not an important issue for it. Keynesianism focuses on neutrality in the short term and is sceptical about it.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73227685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.2
D. Buccella
Wage versus efficient bargaining in a Cournot duopoly: A preliminary note on welfare In a unionized Cournot duopoly with decentralized, firm-level bargaining, this note re-examines the endogenous equilibrium agendas wage vs. efficient bargaining that can arise under three different specifications of the timing of negotiations and the impact of the outcome of the bargaining process on social welfare. Given that explicit conflict of interest among the bargaining parties can arise in every timing specification, this note proposes, analyzes, and discusses some guiding principles for governments and public authorities interested in pursuing social welfare improvements.
{"title":"Wage versus efficient bargaining in a Cournot duopoly: A Preliminary Note on Welfare","authors":"D. Buccella","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Wage versus efficient bargaining in a Cournot duopoly: A preliminary note on welfare In a unionized Cournot duopoly with decentralized, firm-level bargaining, this note re-examines the endogenous equilibrium agendas wage vs. efficient bargaining that can arise under three different specifications of the timing of negotiations and the impact of the outcome of the bargaining process on social welfare. Given that explicit conflict of interest among the bargaining parties can arise in every timing specification, this note proposes, analyzes, and discusses some guiding principles for governments and public authorities interested in pursuing social welfare improvements.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78564049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.5
I. Wysocki, DA Megger
Austrian welfare economics: A critical approachIt seemed that since Rothbard’s 2008 [1956] exquisite Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics, one can make a case for the free market based on some modified concept of efficiency. Rothbard famously argued that being equipped with the notions of Pareto-superior moves and demonstrated preference suffices for the above purpose. Our agenda in the present paper is purely negative. First, we face the challenge — in our opinion, inadequately addressed in Austrian literature so far — of sharply defining Pareto-superior moves; to wit, how to evaluate whether a Pareto-superior move occurs; or, more specifically, what is the standard of comparison which would allow us to determine whether a given action constitutes a Pareto-superior move or not. Thus, we sieve out any approaches to social welfare that would be either trivial and therefore uninteresting and the ones that would be irreconcilable with fundamental Austrian premises e.g., ordinal value scales and therefore non-aggregation of utility, etc.. As a result, we seemingly end up with what might constitute a specifically Austrian view on welfare, which non-surprisingly coincides with the actual positions taken by contemporary prominent Austrians themselves for instance, see: Gordon, 1993; Herbener, 1997; Block 1995. Yet, the main thrust of our paper is to argue that this very position cannot withstand criticism, for it either makes an intuitively wrong prediction as we demonstrate in our thought experiment or it vitiates the argument for the free market from the concept of Pareto-efficiency.
奥地利福利经济学:一种批判的方法似乎自从罗斯巴德在2008年[1956]发表了《走向效用和福利经济学的重建》(Toward A Reconstruction of Utility and welfare economics)以来，人们就可以在一些改进的效率概念的基础上为自由市场提出理由。罗斯巴德提出了一个著名的观点，即具备帕累托优步的概念，并表现出偏好，就足以达到上述目的。我们在本文件中的议程完全是消极的。首先，我们面临的挑战——在我们看来，奥地利文学迄今尚未充分解决这个问题——是如何明确定义帕累托优越运动;也就是说，如何评估帕累托优棋是否发生;或者，更具体地说，什么是比较标准，使我们能够确定一个给定的行动是否构成帕累托优棋。因此，我们筛掉了任何社会福利的方法，这些方法要么微不足道，因此无趣，要么与奥地利学派的基本前提不可调和，例如，序数价值尺度，因此非聚合效用，等等。因此，我们似乎最终得到了可能构成奥地利学派关于福利的特殊观点，这与当代著名奥地利学派自己的实际立场不谋而合，例如，参见:Gordon, 1993;Herbener, 1997;1995块。然而，我们论文的主旨是要证明，这种观点经不起批评，因为它要么做出了直觉上错误的预测，正如我们在思想实验中所证明的那样，要么从帕累托效率的概念中诋毁了自由市场的论点。
{"title":"Austrian welfare economics: A critical approach","authors":"I. Wysocki, DA Megger","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Austrian welfare economics: A critical approachIt seemed that since Rothbard’s 2008 [1956] exquisite Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics, one can make a case for the free market based on some modified concept of efficiency. Rothbard famously argued that being equipped with the notions of Pareto-superior moves and demonstrated preference suffices for the above purpose. Our agenda in the present paper is purely negative. First, we face the challenge — in our opinion, inadequately addressed in Austrian literature so far — of sharply defining Pareto-superior moves; to wit, how to evaluate whether a Pareto-superior move occurs; or, more specifically, what is the standard of comparison which would allow us to determine whether a given action constitutes a Pareto-superior move or not. Thus, we sieve out any approaches to social welfare that would be either trivial and therefore uninteresting and the ones that would be irreconcilable with fundamental Austrian premises e.g., ordinal value scales and therefore non-aggregation of utility, etc.. As a result, we seemingly end up with what might constitute a specifically Austrian view on welfare, which non-surprisingly coincides with the actual positions taken by contemporary prominent Austrians themselves for instance, see: Gordon, 1993; Herbener, 1997; Block 1995. Yet, the main thrust of our paper is to argue that this very position cannot withstand criticism, for it either makes an intuitively wrong prediction as we demonstrate in our thought experiment or it vitiates the argument for the free market from the concept of Pareto-efficiency.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"45 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84989235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.3
Michał Kresak
Money multiplier — the concept, limitations and criticismThe article presents the money creation process in the modern economy, including the role of the central bank and commercial banks in this process. The concept of money multiplier is described and set in the context of Fed’s monetary policy since 1970s. Special attention is paid to the decrease of the M1 multiplier below the value of one, which accompanied the quantitative easing after the crisis arousal in 2008. Then, the main constraints are mentioned of commercial banks in the process of money creation impeding the full utilization of the multiplier potential: bank profitability and competitiveness, risk of bank runs, demand for currency, limitations concerning credit collaterals and those resulting from monetary policy, prudential regulations, and the behaviors of bank clients. The paper also reports on arguments critical toward the multiplier approach and suggests to perceive the money supply in the modern economy as an endogenously determined phenomenon: first, commercial banks grant as many credits thus creating money as they can owing to the market situation; then, they turn to the central bank to provide reserves. The latter provides reserves monetary base as the lender of last resort, aiming to control the interest rate, and not money quantity itself. The conclusions are significant for monetary policy and economic education, as the endogenous approach to money supply can explain why the quantitative easing, contrary to some concerns, did not automatically translate into a considerable increase of credit expansion and price inflation.
{"title":"Mnożnik kreacji pieniądza – pojęcie, ograniczenia i krytyka","authors":"Michał Kresak","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Money multiplier — the concept, limitations and criticismThe article presents the money creation process in the modern economy, including the role of the central bank and commercial banks in this process. The concept of money multiplier is described and set in the context of Fed’s monetary policy since 1970s. Special attention is paid to the decrease of the M1 multiplier below the value of one, which accompanied the quantitative easing after the crisis arousal in 2008. Then, the main constraints are mentioned of commercial banks in the process of money creation impeding the full utilization of the multiplier potential: bank profitability and competitiveness, risk of bank runs, demand for currency, limitations concerning credit collaterals and those resulting from monetary policy, prudential regulations, and the behaviors of bank clients. The paper also reports on arguments critical toward the multiplier approach and suggests to perceive the money supply in the modern economy as an endogenously determined phenomenon: first, commercial banks grant as many credits thus creating money as they can owing to the market situation; then, they turn to the central bank to provide reserves. The latter provides reserves monetary base as the lender of last resort, aiming to control the interest rate, and not money quantity itself. The conclusions are significant for monetary policy and economic education, as the endogenous approach to money supply can explain why the quantitative easing, contrary to some concerns, did not automatically translate into a considerable increase of credit expansion and price inflation.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88997977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.1
W. Block
Human shields, missiles, negative homesteading and libertarianismWhen a bad guy throws one innocent person against another, or uses one as a body shield so as to facilitate murdering the other, or is in the process of bashing in the heads of two such people, what are the rights and responsibilities of each of these latter two victimized parties vis a vis each other? The concept of negative homesteading is introduced in an attempt to shed light on these legal puzzles.
{"title":"Human shields, missiles, negative homesteading and libertarianism","authors":"W. Block","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Human shields, missiles, negative homesteading and libertarianismWhen a bad guy throws one innocent person against another, or uses one as a body shield so as to facilitate murdering the other, or is in the process of bashing in the heads of two such people, what are the rights and responsibilities of each of these latter two victimized parties vis a vis each other? The concept of negative homesteading is introduced in an attempt to shed light on these legal puzzles.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85554467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.2
S. Stasiak
The symbolism of blood and a bloodless diet in the Old and New Testament and its impact on lifestyle: Legal aspectsThe Old Testament prohibition of consuming blood Lev. 17:10–14 was dictated by the observation of the phenomenon of blood loss as a cause of death of a human being. Therefore, blood was considered to have life-giving power, the power of God Himself. Blood flowing in the veins of every creature was considered to be God’s property and was not allowed to be consumed, but it had to be poured out on the ground. In New Testament times, this prohibition was relativized, recommending only its preservation Acts 15:28–29. Since there are also religious groups today that demand that we refrain from the consumption of blood, we decided to study the issue based on the texts of the Old and New Testament, which contain information about blood and its symbolism, as well as the prohibition of its consumption. The methods of contextual analysis and historical-critical analysis were applied. As a result of these studies, it turned out that blood, especially in the Old Testament texts, has very extensive symbolism, which is why one can speak of the firstborn’s blood, substitute blood, blood of the Covenant. Blood also played a special role in the worship of Israel, especially in sacrificial offerings. This meaning is also found in the New Testament: “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” Heb. 9:22. In the Old Testament, there are a number of texts in which the prohibition of consumption of blood has been imposed see Gen. 9:4; Lev. 3:17; 7:26–27; Deut. 12:23, although refraining from eating meat in which blood would still be found is not always explicitlly mentioned. The most comprehensive information on this subject, along with the justification of the prohibition, is included in Leviticus 17:10–14. Such prohibitions resulted in a specific lifestyle, and even slaughtering of animals, which was the subject of a large-scale social discussion. We ask ourselves the question: Does this prohibition apply to today’s Hebrews, Christians, or other social groups for whom the Bible is a peculiar norm of conduct? While the positive answer undoubtedly concerns the followers of Judaism, the issue of Christians is not so obvious. This is indicated by the so-called Jerusalem Council: “you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell” Acts 15:28–29. Three facts are of crucial importance here. First, these clauses were disciplinary and not doctrinal. Second, they had limited territorial coverage see Acts 15:23. Third, one sentence is of particular significance in this context: “If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well” Acts 15:29, which indicates this was not a warrant for salvation, but a recommendation to facilitate the faithful’s life in mutual consent in a church made up of Christians of Jew
{"title":"Symbolika krwi a bezkrwawa dieta w Starym i Nowym Testamencie i jej wpływ na styl życia. Aspekty prawne","authors":"S. Stasiak","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The symbolism of blood and a bloodless diet in the Old and New Testament and its impact on lifestyle: Legal aspectsThe Old Testament prohibition of consuming blood Lev. 17:10–14 was dictated by the observation of the phenomenon of blood loss as a cause of death of a human being. Therefore, blood was considered to have life-giving power, the power of God Himself. Blood flowing in the veins of every creature was considered to be God’s property and was not allowed to be consumed, but it had to be poured out on the ground. In New Testament times, this prohibition was relativized, recommending only its preservation Acts 15:28–29. Since there are also religious groups today that demand that we refrain from the consumption of blood, we decided to study the issue based on the texts of the Old and New Testament, which contain information about blood and its symbolism, as well as the prohibition of its consumption. The methods of contextual analysis and historical-critical analysis were applied. As a result of these studies, it turned out that blood, especially in the Old Testament texts, has very extensive symbolism, which is why one can speak of the firstborn’s blood, substitute blood, blood of the Covenant. Blood also played a special role in the worship of Israel, especially in sacrificial offerings. This meaning is also found in the New Testament: “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” Heb. 9:22. In the Old Testament, there are a number of texts in which the prohibition of consumption of blood has been imposed see Gen. 9:4; Lev. 3:17; 7:26–27; Deut. 12:23, although refraining from eating meat in which blood would still be found is not always explicitlly mentioned. The most comprehensive information on this subject, along with the justification of the prohibition, is included in Leviticus 17:10–14. Such prohibitions resulted in a specific lifestyle, and even slaughtering of animals, which was the subject of a large-scale social discussion. We ask ourselves the question: Does this prohibition apply to today’s Hebrews, Christians, or other social groups for whom the Bible is a peculiar norm of conduct? While the positive answer undoubtedly concerns the followers of Judaism, the issue of Christians is not so obvious. This is indicated by the so-called Jerusalem Council: “you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell” Acts 15:28–29. Three facts are of crucial importance here. First, these clauses were disciplinary and not doctrinal. Second, they had limited territorial coverage see Acts 15:23. Third, one sentence is of particular significance in this context: “If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well” Acts 15:29, which indicates this was not a warrant for salvation, but a recommendation to facilitate the faithful’s life in mutual consent in a church made up of Christians of Jew","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90739003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.5
K. Żak
Pharmaceutical care or professional advice? Barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care in PolandThe provision of pharmaceutical services in a public pharmacy is related to the performance of a series of specialized activities aimed at the realization of the basic mission of the pharmacy, which is the protection of public health. Pharmaceutical care, included in the catalog of pharmaceutical services, is part of the pro-social system of achieving the objectives and tasks of a retail pharmacy. However, its implementation in pharmacy practice encounters a number of obstacles and barriers. Barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care result primarily from a lack of precise and understandable for all participants doctors, patients and pharmacists legal regulations controlling the basic principles of cooperation. They are a derivative of the lack of vision and the definition of the functions that pharmaceutical care should perform in the process of managing pharmacotherapy. This article presents the essence of pharmaceutical care in the process of managing the pharmacotherapy of the patient and indicates the difference between its effective implementation and the realization of the professional advisory process in a public pharmacy. The conclusions and recommendations contained therein were formulated and presented on the basis of the results of an empirical study.
{"title":"Opieka farmaceutyczna czy profesjonalne doradztwo? Bariery wdrażania opieki farmaceutycznej w Polsce","authors":"K. Żak","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical care or professional advice? Barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care in PolandThe provision of pharmaceutical services in a public pharmacy is related to the performance of a series of specialized activities aimed at the realization of the basic mission of the pharmacy, which is the protection of public health. Pharmaceutical care, included in the catalog of pharmaceutical services, is part of the pro-social system of achieving the objectives and tasks of a retail pharmacy. However, its implementation in pharmacy practice encounters a number of obstacles and barriers. Barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care result primarily from a lack of precise and understandable for all participants doctors, patients and pharmacists legal regulations controlling the basic principles of cooperation. They are a derivative of the lack of vision and the definition of the functions that pharmaceutical care should perform in the process of managing pharmacotherapy. This article presents the essence of pharmaceutical care in the process of managing the pharmacotherapy of the patient and indicates the difference between its effective implementation and the realization of the professional advisory process in a public pharmacy. The conclusions and recommendations contained therein were formulated and presented on the basis of the results of an empirical study.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75631853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.4
T. Nestorenko, O. Tokarenko, Oleksandr Nestorenko
Health-resort industry in Ukraine: The underlying causes of changesUkraine has great potential for the development of the health-resort industry, as there are rich natural complexes on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the mountainous massifs of the Carpathians and Crimea. However, in recent years, the health-resort industry of Ukraine has been influenced by factors that negatively affected its development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequences for health-resort complexes of Ukraine of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and of an anti-terrorist operation being conducted in the east of the country.The paper analyzes the current state of the health-resort industry of Ukraine. Also, the authors discuss their distribution across the territory of Ukraine. They consider how changes in the state financing of health-resort treatment have affected the condition of the health-resort industry. Special attention is paid to the state of the health-resort complex of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as parts of these territories are outside the control of the Ukrainian authorities. Based on data from open sources of information, the structure of health-resort complexes has been studied for the years 2013–2016.
{"title":"Health-resort industry in Ukraine: The underlying causes of changes","authors":"T. Nestorenko, O. Tokarenko, Oleksandr Nestorenko","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Health-resort industry in Ukraine: The underlying causes of changesUkraine has great potential for the development of the health-resort industry, as there are rich natural complexes on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the mountainous massifs of the Carpathians and Crimea. However, in recent years, the health-resort industry of Ukraine has been influenced by factors that negatively affected its development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequences for health-resort complexes of Ukraine of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and of an anti-terrorist operation being conducted in the east of the country.The paper analyzes the current state of the health-resort industry of Ukraine. Also, the authors discuss their distribution across the territory of Ukraine. They consider how changes in the state financing of health-resort treatment have affected the condition of the health-resort industry. Special attention is paid to the state of the health-resort complex of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as parts of these territories are outside the control of the Ukrainian authorities. Based on data from open sources of information, the structure of health-resort complexes has been studied for the years 2013–2016.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78417251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.1
A. Dąbrowska, M. Janoś-Kresło
Dietary supplements and consumer rightsThere are more and more food products on the market that are dietary supplements. It is a huge, growing and lucrative market. The primary purpose of diet supplements is to supplement a normal diet, possible shortages in diet, but this should be done under the supervision of a physician. Unfortunately, Poles rarely consult a doctor, preferring self-treatment. As it results from the inspections carried out, not all products are safe, have the correct composition and quality. In the article, considerations about dietary supplements were related to consumer rights. One of them is consumer education, which is the basis for making rational decisions and not being exposed to the undesirable effects of using, often excessively, dietary supplements. Subject literature and desk research were used for this purpose.
{"title":"Suplementy diety a prawa konsumentów","authors":"A. Dąbrowska, M. Janoś-Kresło","doi":"10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary supplements and consumer rightsThere are more and more food products on the market that are dietary supplements. It is a huge, growing and lucrative market. The primary purpose of diet supplements is to supplement a normal diet, possible shortages in diet, but this should be done under the supervision of a physician. Unfortunately, Poles rarely consult a doctor, preferring self-treatment. As it results from the inspections carried out, not all products are safe, have the correct composition and quality. In the article, considerations about dietary supplements were related to consumer rights. One of them is consumer education, which is the basis for making rational decisions and not being exposed to the undesirable effects of using, often excessively, dietary supplements. Subject literature and desk research were used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":34121,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomia Spoleczna","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81787889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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