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Political and Non-political Forms of Citizen Participation in Public Life in Russia 俄罗斯公民参与公共生活的政治和非政治形式
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-1-25-35
Alexandra A. Beksheneva, N. Yagodka
The article is devoted to the consideration of political and non-political component of public opinions expression in contemporary Russia. The authors highlight the most popular channels for expressing public opinion on pressing issues through existing public institutions. The participation of population in the existing civic and social practices is analyzed, and the potential for increasing civic and political involvement is revealed. The paper focuses on the reasons for the low level of citizen political participation in Russia, formulates potential ways to solve this problem, including usage of modern communication tools. The classification of the most popular sectors of civic participation is also presented. Based on the analysis of sociological data, the authors highlight the relationship between the complexity of public participation and the number of citizens involved in various forms of civic initiatives. The article presents the socio-political agenda of the protests of 2017-2018 in Russia as well as its reasons. A forecast for the development of the protest agenda in future is also given in the article. In conclusion there is a forecast for the further development of political and non-political citizen participation in public life of the country and solution of pressing problems such as socio-political, economic, environmental and other spheres of public life.
本文对当代俄罗斯舆论表达的政治成分和非政治成分进行了思考。作者强调了通过现有公共机构就紧迫问题表达公众意见的最受欢迎的渠道。分析了人口对现有公民和社会实践的参与,揭示了增加公民和政治参与的潜力。本文重点分析了俄罗斯公民政治参与水平低的原因,并提出了解决这一问题的潜在方法,包括使用现代通信工具。还介绍了最受欢迎的公民参与部门的分类。基于对社会学数据的分析,作者强调了公众参与的复杂性与参与各种形式公民倡议的公民数量之间的关系。文章介绍了2017-2018年俄罗斯抗议活动的社会政治议程及其原因。文章还对未来抗议议程的发展进行了预测。总之,有人预测,政治和非政治公民将进一步参与国家公共生活,并解决社会政治、经济、环境和其他公共生活领域的紧迫问题。
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引用次数: 0
Holding Together, Coming Together or Putting Together? A [Re]examination on the Formation of Ethiopia’s Federation 抱团、走到一起还是拼在一起?重新审视埃塞俄比亚联邦的成立
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-1-70-82
K. Muluye
Federations are institutional and structural arrangements with the tenets of shared rule and self-rule. These federations may be formed through coming together, holding together or putting together processes. Both holding together and coming together federations are established through democratic bargain while putting together federation is imposed coercively by the winners. Hence, this article aims to situate Ethiopia in to one of these three variants through critical [re]examination of the transitional activities. The data were collected through interviews and document analysis. A qualitative analysis was employed to analyze the data. Accordingly, the paper argues that Ethiopia is a putting together federation because of the major flaws committed during the transition. Particularly, the absence of an organization that could represent Amhara during the Peace Conference, exclusion of the major political organizations from the conference and the aftermath processes as well as the inhuman and extrajudicial treatments against those who were explaining their discontent in the restructuring processes are some of the justification to level Ethiopia’s federation as putting together. Moreover, the electoral frauds that forced the major political parties to boycott the elections (the 1992 and 1994 elections) and the manipulation of the drafting and ratification processes of the constitution by TPLF/EPRDF can justify this position. Hence, it is recommended to restructure the federation through democratic bargaining for the putting nature of the federation is facing a legitimacy crisis due to the different questions rooted in the formation processes.
联邦是具有共同统治和自治原则的体制和结构安排。这些联盟可以通过走到一起、保持在一起或把过程放在一起来形成。联盟是通过民主协商建立起来的,而联盟是由胜利者强制建立起来的。因此,本文旨在通过对过渡活动的批判性[重新]审查,将埃塞俄比亚置于这三种变体之一。通过访谈和文献分析收集数据。采用定性分析方法对数据进行分析。因此,本文认为埃塞俄比亚是一个拼凑联邦,因为在过渡期间出现了重大缺陷。特别是,在和平会议期间没有一个可以代表阿姆哈拉人的组织,主要政治组织被排除在会议和后续进程之外,以及对那些在重组过程中解释他们不满的人进行不人道和法外处理,这些都是将埃塞俄比亚联邦视为组建的一些理由。此外,迫使各主要政党抵制选举(1992年和1994年选举)的选举舞弊和民革阵/人民民主力量操纵宪法的起草和批准程序都可以证明这种立场是正当的。因此,建议通过民主谈判重组联邦,因为联邦的放置性质正面临着合法性危机,这是由于植根于形成过程的不同问题。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Research Interest Among Undergraduate Students During the Preparation of Final Qualifying Work (VKR) on the Example of State and Municipal Administration Educational Program 以州、市行政教育项目为例:大学生在最终资格考试(VKR)准备过程中的研究兴趣培养
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-2-161-169
I. Isaeva
The article presents the characteristics of research interest and its development on the example of University students bachelors degree qualification, the analysis of publications of domestic and foreign authors on the subject, the factors contributing to the formation and development of research interest, its importance in the cognitive activity of the student and the results of its manifestation in the educational process of the University. The article is written on the basis of prolonged observations of students and interim results of these studies. In the analysis of the intermediate results involved the students themselves. The criteria of positive result of the development of research interest: the desire to continue learning in the magistracy, initiative and diligence in selecting topics and preparing the content of future scientific publications, participation in scientific conferences and competitions. Research interest is considered from the point of view of the continuing educational activities of the University student, is its qualitative characteristics, which confirms the perceived need of the student in independent scientific work. Currently, due to the current tasks of the students bachelors degree qualification with modern requirements to educational activities and rapidly changing conditions of modern life and the demands of implementation in the profession, creativity becomes a necessary component of cognitive activity and its specific directions. The article considers creativity as the main outcome of interest and the possibility of further professional development. The paper proposed specific measures in order to develop the research interest of the students bachelors degree qualification in the learning process highlighted the importance of qualifying work in the process of formation of key qualifications, including research activities.
本文以大学生学士学位资格为例,阐述了研究兴趣的特点及其发展,分析了国内外学者关于研究兴趣的著作,分析了研究兴趣形成和发展的因素,研究兴趣在学生认知活动中的重要性,以及研究兴趣在大学教育过程中的表现结果。这篇文章是根据对学生的长期观察和这些研究的中期结果写成的。在分析中间结果时涉及到学生自己。研究兴趣发展的积极结果的标准:在行政管理中继续学习的愿望,在选择主题和准备未来科学出版物的内容方面的主动性和勤奋,参加科学会议和竞赛。研究兴趣是从大学生继续教育活动的角度来考虑的,是其定性特征,它证实了学生在独立科学工作中的感知需求。当前,由于大学生本科学历的任务和现代教育活动的要求,以及现代生活条件的快速变化和职业实施的要求,创造力成为认知活动的必要组成部分及其具体方向。文章认为创造力是兴趣的主要结果和进一步专业发展的可能性。论文提出了培养学生本科学历学习过程中科研兴趣的具体措施,强调了资质工作在关键资质形成过程中的重要性,包括科研活动。
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引用次数: 0
Deepfakes: Prospects for Political Use and Threats to the Individual and National Security 深度造假:政治用途的前景以及对个人和国家安全的威胁
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-379-386
V. G. Ivanov, Yaroslav R. Ignatovskiy
The article analyzes the potential of using deepfake technologies for political purposes. It is noted that in the near future, deepfakes may affect various levels of public and political life and contribute to the spread of a wide range of threats: from reputational risks for celebrities and individuals, to the development of organized crime and problems of social stability and national security. The authors evaluate potential threats, prospects and main directions of state regulation of deepfake content in the broader context of political and legislative initiatives to counter the spread of disinformation and fake news.
这篇文章分析了将深度伪造技术用于政治目的的潜力。值得注意的是,在不久的将来,深度造假可能会影响公共和政治生活的各个层面,并助长各种威胁的蔓延:从名人和个人的声誉风险,到有组织犯罪的发展以及社会稳定和国家安全问题。作者在打击虚假信息和假新闻传播的政治和立法举措的更广泛背景下,评估了国家对深度虚假内容监管的潜在威胁、前景和主要方向。
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引用次数: 2
Virtual State: Scoping Review of Russian Political and Social Sciences 虚拟的国家:俄国政治和社会科学的范围审查
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-371-378
V. Osipov
This review focuses on analysis and determination of problematic field based on phenomena and related concepts such as micronation, cyber-state, virtual state and others. Actualization of this topic is carried out due to the technological development of modern society, the emergence of new social, political, economic and other actors, the concentration of a large amount of resources by them which could make them an influential power or an alternative of social and political organization. Using scoping methods, comparative and content analysis, as well as services of network and statistical analysis the article examines the level of virtual states embeddedness into Russian political and social sciences, the formation of the corresponding research field, direction or school. Special attention is paid to the Russian segment of world science in the framework of the study of virtual states and problems are faced by Russian researchers. This will allow researchers to see the context, the most relevant areas of work, help to correctly use the concepts in Russian and English academic texts.
这篇综述的重点是基于微观化、网络状态、虚拟状态等现象和相关概念来分析和确定问题领域。这一主题的实现是由于现代社会的技术发展,新的社会、政治、经济和其他行动者的出现,他们集中了大量资源,使他们成为一个有影响力的力量或社会和政治组织的替代者。本文采用范围界定方法、比较分析和内容分析,以及网络和统计分析服务,考察了虚拟国家嵌入俄罗斯政治和社会科学的水平,以及相应研究领域、方向或学派的形成。在虚拟国家研究的框架内,世界科学的俄罗斯部分受到特别关注,俄罗斯研究人员面临着问题。这将使研究人员能够看到背景,最相关的工作领域,有助于正确使用俄语和英语学术文本中的概念。
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引用次数: 0
The African Peace and Security Architecture as a Tool for the Maintenance of Peace and Security. Part 2 非洲和平与安全架构作为维护和平与安全的工具。第2部分
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-322-333
B. D. Gardachew
This study critically explores the extent to which the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) (such as the African Standby Force (ASF), the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), Panel of the Wise (PoW) and the Peace Fund (PF)) have been successful in achieving their institutional objectives, as well as the degree to which they are able to contribute to the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC). The AU PSC as a key pillar of the APSA is the main decision-making body regarding issues of peace and security. In order to achieve its responsibility, the AU PSC shall be supported by the African Standby Force, the Continental Early Warning System, Panel of the Wise and the Peace Fund. APSA is the umbrella term for the key African Union (AU) mechanisms for promoting peace, security and stability in the African continent. More specifically, it is an operational structure for the effective implementation of the decisions taken in the areas of conflict prevention, peace-making, peace support operations and intervention, as well as peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. APSA is envisioned as a means by which Africa can take a greater role in managing peace and security on the continent, with the objective of offering African solutions to African problems.
本研究批判性地探讨了非洲和平与安全架构(APSA)(如非洲待命部队、大陆预警系统、智者小组和和平基金)在多大程度上成功实现了其体制目标,以及他们能够在多大程度上为非洲联盟和平与安全理事会的工作作出贡献。非盟PSC作为APSA的关键支柱,是有关和平与安全问题的主要决策机构。为了履行其职责,非盟PSC将得到非洲待命部队、大陆预警系统、智者小组和和平基金的支持。APSA是非洲联盟(AU)促进非洲大陆和平、安全与稳定的关键机制的总称。更具体地说,它是一个有效执行在预防冲突、缔造和平、和平支助行动和干预以及建设和平和冲突后重建领域作出的决定的业务结构。APSA被设想为非洲在管理非洲大陆和平与安全方面发挥更大作用的一种手段,目的是为非洲问题提供非洲解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Factors Undermining National Security: Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap, Australia 影响国家安全的经济因素:澳大利亚Pine Gap联合防御设施
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-2-135-140
Mark F. Beck
The article analyses Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap in Australia that is used by the United States to controls satellites pinpoint airstrikes around the world. The Joint Facility rises political controversy in Australia (especially after Edward Snowden’s revelations) as many doubt if it is in Australia’s best interests to contribute data for drone assassinations and targeting US nuclear weapons. Considering Australia’s policy towards Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap the author raises the question whether national security can be “outsourced” to save budget funds. The article concludes that in Australia it is noticeable that human intelligence potential in financial terms is less valued than some construction, manual jobs. Considering that Russia and China, which are in the focus of Pine Gap intelligence gathering do not outsource its national security and were more successful in preventing major information leaks, moreover in preventing major terrorist attacks on their soil, is indicating that national security should not be privatized.
这篇文章分析了澳大利亚的联合防御设施Pine Gap,该设施被美国用来控制卫星,精确定位世界各地的空袭。联合设施在澳大利亚引发了政治争议(尤其是在爱德华·斯诺登爆料之后),因为许多人怀疑为无人机暗杀和针对美国核武器提供数据是否符合澳大利亚的最佳利益。考虑到澳大利亚对联合防御设施Pine Gap的政策,作者提出了国家安全是否可以“外包”以节省预算资金的问题。这篇文章的结论是,在澳大利亚,值得注意的是,从金融角度来看,人类的智力潜力不如一些建筑业和体力劳动。考虑到作为Pine Gap情报收集重点的俄罗斯和中国没有将其国家安全外包,在防止重大信息泄露方面更为成功,而且在防止本国境内发生重大恐怖袭击方面也更为成功。这表明国家安全不应私有化。
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引用次数: 0
Public-Private Partnership as an Effective Tool for Regional Marketing in Russia 公私合作是俄罗斯区域营销的有效工具
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-2-109-117
Alima B. Akhmetovaa, Elchin U. Kakoev
The article is focused on a regional marketing and the study of the role of public-private partnership instruments in terms of the development of the regional infrastructure of Russia. Improving the investment climate is the main condition for the success of the socio-political and economic development of the state. The authors analyzed the current economic conditions and the consequences of sanctions against Russia, as well as the dependence of the economy on foreign direct investment. The paper considers the economic situation of the regions of the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions by Western countries in the formation of import substitution. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms and methods of economic policy of the central and regional authorities of Russia in the use of tools and methods of regional marketing on the example of public-private partnerships (PPP), which help to attract investment to the regions and to the country as a whole, allowing finding additional financing, improving the efficiency of public investments.
本文的重点是区域营销和公私合作工具在俄罗斯区域基础设施发展方面的作用研究。改善投资环境是国家社会政治和经济发展成功的主要条件。作者分析了当前的经济状况和对俄罗斯制裁的后果,以及经济对外国直接投资的依赖。本文考虑了西方国家在形成进口替代的制裁条件下俄罗斯联邦各地区的经济状况。特别注意俄罗斯中央和地区当局在使用区域营销工具和方法方面的经济政策机制和方法,例如公私伙伴关系,这有助于吸引对各地区和整个国家的投资,提高公共投资的效率。
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引用次数: 0
The Phenomenon of Company Towns: Specific Features of Their Genesis and Development 公司城镇现象:产生与发展的具体特征
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-2-118-123
M. A. Ulyanychev
The article analyzes the social phenomenon of single-industry towns (company towns), their role in the modern market economy, their genesis in Russia and other countries. The author observes historical stages of development of single-industry towns in Russia, as well as the features of their occurrence in the Soviet Union in connection with city-forming enterprises, which in addition to economic activities performed social functions. The characteristics of the development of single-industry towns in Europe, North America and are being compared. Distinctive features of the industrial enterprises of the cities formed in the Soviet Union are allocated. The article analyzes the problems of functioning and development of single-industry towns, examines foreign and domestic strategies for the rehabilitation of single-industry municipalities, including current measures to support such towns in the Russian Federation.
本文分析了俄罗斯和其他国家的单一工业城镇(公司城镇)的社会现象、它们在现代市场经济中的作用、它们的起源。作者观察了俄罗斯单一工业城镇发展的历史阶段,以及它们在苏联出现的与城市形成企业有关的特征,这些企业除了经济活动外还发挥着社会功能。对欧洲、北美单一产业城镇的发展特点进行了比较。对苏联形成的城市工业企业的特点进行了分配。文章分析了单一工业城镇的运作和发展问题,审查了外国和国内恢复单一工业城市的战略,包括俄罗斯联邦目前支持此类城镇的措施。
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引用次数: 1
2018 FIFA World Cup and Visualization of Power 2018国际足联世界杯与权力的可视化
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-1-47-52
E. Romanovskiy
Modern states are actively working to create their image. This effect is largely achieved through the visualization of power: the sum of explicit or implicit properties aimed at the visual presence of domination. Sport is an essential tool for continuing politics and is actively used to visualize a political line. The 2018 FIFA World Cup held in several cities of Russia formed a new vision of the country among foreigners.
现代国家正在积极努力塑造自己的形象。这种效果在很大程度上是通过权力的可视化来实现的:目的在于统治的视觉存在的显性或隐性属性的总和。体育是延续政治的重要工具,并被积极用于政治路线的形象化。在俄罗斯多个城市举行的2018年国际足联世界杯让外国人对这个国家有了新的看法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
RUDN Journal of Public Administration
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